Part 5

=Dhulia=, Bombay. 21N. 75E. Devastated by Holkar, 1803; British possession, 1818.

=Diarbekr=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 40E. F. on the site of ancient city of Amida. Fortified by Constantius, 340; captured by Persians, 502; by Arabs, 640; by Sultan Selim I., 1515.

=Dig=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. Fell to Najaf Khan, 1776; General Frazer conquered Holkar in the vicinity, 1804.

=Dindigull=, Madras. 10N. 78E. Overcome by Rajah of Mysore, 1755; taken by British from Tippoo Sahib, 1783, but given back, 1784; ceded to British, 1792.

=Dipalpur=, Punjab. 31N. 74E. Conquered by Tamerlane, 1398; besieged by Babar, 1524; by Mahrattas, 1758.

=Diu=, Bombay. 21N. 71E. Occupied by Portuguese, 1515; fortified, 1535; plundered by Arabs, 1670.

=Dolon-nor=, Mongolia. 42N. 116E. Contains many Buddhist temples, and the ruins of Changtou described by Marco Polo are near this city.

=Dondra Head= ('island's end'), Ceylon. 6N. 80E. Most southernly point of island, considered sacred by the Hindus. Ibn Batouka, the Arabian geographer, visited this place, 1344. Destroyed by Portuguese, 1587.

=Dumdum=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Scene of Sepoy rising in Mutiny, 1857.

=Dwarka=, Bombay. 22N. 69E. Taken by British, 1816. Associated with Krishna, and sometimes said to be his birthplace.

=Ecbatana= ('an assembly'), Persia. 35N. 48E. Ancient capital of Media, supposed to have been f. by Deioces, c. 705 B.C.; now known as Hamadan. Conquered and plundered by Seleucus, 313; by Alexander, 331 B.C. Contains tombs alleged to be those of Mordecai and Esther, also mosque of Avicenna.

=Efsene=, Turkestan. 40N. 65E. Bp. of Avicenna, Persian philosopher and physician.

=Ekron=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient city of Philistia, frequently mentioned in the Bible. Taken by Thothmes III., c. 1500 B.C.; by Sennacherib, 701 B.C.

=Elburz=, Persia. 37N. 50E. Mountains, on one of which Saum exposed his son Zalzer. (See Firdausi's 'Sha Name.')

=El Elah=, Arabia. 26N. 39E. Visited by C. M. Doughty, and described in 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'

=Elephanta=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Sacred island in Hindu mythology, containing many temples.

=Ellichpur=, Berar. 21N. 77E. F. by Rajah Ellon. Besieged by Mahrattas, 1772; taken by Ala-Eddin, 1794.

=Ellora=, Haidarabad. 20N. 75E. Contains wonderful temples to Buddha hewn out of rock. The Kailasa temple possesses sculptures of scenes from the 'Ramayana' and the 'Mahabharata.'

=Endor=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Place where witch summoned before Saul the spirit of Samuel, who foretold his defeat and death.

=Engedi= ('goat's spring'), Palestine. 31N. 35E. Frequently mentioned in the Bible, especially as the wilderness to which David fled from Saul. Pliny refers to it as a ruin.

=Enoshima=, Japan. 35N. 140E. An island near Yokohama containing celebrated shrine. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.')

=Ephesus=, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. Said to have been f. by Amazons, or by Androcles, son of Codrus. Taken by the Arabs from the Persians, 1283. Famous as a sacred city of Artemis. The first Christian church established here, of which Timothy was bishop. John the Baptist and the Virgin Mary are said to have died in this city. Bp. of Heraclitus, Hermodorus, Hipponax, and Parrhasius. (See Mark Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress.')

=Erbil=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 44E. Darius finally defeated by Alexander, 331 B.C.

=Erivan=, Transcaucasia. 40N. 45E. Taken by the Turks 1582; by Shah Abbas, 1604; stormed by Turks, 1615; unsuccessfully attacked by Heraclius, 1780; by Russians, 1804; taken by Paskevich, 1827; ceded to Russia, 1828. Partially destroyed by earthquake, 1679. (See Bodenstedt's 'Tausend und ein Tage im Orient' for Tatar poem in celebration of Russian victory.)

=Erode=, Madras. 11N. 78E. Captured by British, 1768; by Hyder Ali, 1768; by General Medows, 1790.

=Erzerum=, Turkish Armenia. 40N. 41E. Taken by Seljuks, 1201; by Mogols, 1242; by Turks, 1517; by Russians, 1828, 1878; but restored to Turks, 1878. Experienced severe earthquake, 1859.

=Erzingan=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 40E. Home of St. Gregory. Greatly suffered from earthquake, 1774.

=Esdraelon= ('God has sown'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. Plain frequently occurring in biblical history, notably at the time of Barak's defeat of Sisera, Gideon's victory over Midianites, and Philistines over Saul, also in the time of Ahab.

=Eskishehr=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 30E. Contains several tombs of Mohammedan saints. Near the city Godfrey of Bouillon defeated Soliman.

=Etchmiadsin=, Transcaucasia. 40N. 44E. Ecclesiastical capital of Armenia, with famous monastery. Taken by Russians during Russo-Persian war, 1827; ceded to Russians, 1828.

=Euphrates=, Asiatic Turkey. 30N. 48E. Most important river of the world. One of the four rivers of Eden; on its banks Nimrod f. the Babylonian empire, and the Old Testament patriarchs dwelt.

=Eurymedon=, Asia Minor. 37N. 31E. River at whose mouth Persians were defeated by Cimon, 466 B.C.

=Everest=, Mount, Nepal. 28N. 87E. Highest known peak in the world, the altitude of which was discovered by Sir George Everest, 1841; named in his honour by Sir Andrew Waugh, 1856.

=Falta=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. Scene of British retreat after capture of Calcutta, 1756.

=Famagousta=, Cyprus. 35N. 34E. F. by Ptolemy Philadelphus. Taken by Richard Coeur de Lion, 1191; Guy de Lusignan crowned here. Captured by Genoese, 1376; yielded to Turks, 1571.

=Fatehgarh=, United Provs. 27N. 80E. F. by Nawab Mohammed Khan, c. 1714; stormed by Mahrattas, 1751; Lord Lake defeated Holkar, 1804.

=Ferozeshah=, Punjab. 31N. 75E. Sir Hugh Gough and Sir Henry Hardinge defeated Sikhs, 1845. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Firospur= ('city of Firuz'), Punjab. 28N. 77E. Battle fought between Sikhs and British, which gave Punjab to Britain, 1845.

=Formosa= ('beautiful'), China. 24N. 121E. Portuguese landed, 1590. Dutch f. Fort Zelandia, 1624; withdrew, 1662. Attached to China, 1683; opened to foreigners, 1858; Anping and Zelandia occupied by British, 1868, but restored to China; island invaded by Japanese, 1874; captured by French, 1884; ceded by China to Japan, 1895. (See Diosy's 'New Far East,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Fort St. David=, Madras. 12N. 80E. F. by Hindu, Chinnia Chetti; purchased by British, 1690; Clive became its governor, 1756; captured by French under Lally, 1758; given up, 1760; recaptured, 1782; restored to British, 1785.

=Fu-chau= ('happy region'), China. 26N. 119E. The walled capital of Fu-kien. Open to foreign trade, 1842; contains an arsenal constructed by two Frenchmen, 1867; bombarded by French, 1884.

=Fuji Yama=, Japan. 35N. 139E. Supposed to have sprung up in a single night, 285 B.C. Highest mountain in Japan, held in religious veneration, famous in legend, poetry, and art. It is volcanic, the last outbreak taking place in 1707. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.')

=Fulia=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Bp. of Krittibas, translator into Bengali of 'Ramayana.'

=Furruckabad= ('happy abode'), Bengal. 25N. 88E. Lord Lake defeated Mahratta Holkar, 1805.

=Futtehghur=, Rajputana. 26N. 75E. Nearly entire European inhabitants massacred, 1857.

=Futtipur-Sikri= ('city of victory'), United Provs. 27N. 78E. F. by Akbar, 1570. Res. and burial-place of Saint Salim Chishti. (See Mrs. F. A. Steel's 'Prince of Dreamers.')

=Fyzabad=, Afghanistan. 37N. 70E. Destroyed by Murad Beg, 1829; rebuilt by Faiz Muhammed Khan, 1865.

=Galle=, Ceylon. 6N. 80E. F. by Portuguese, 1518; taken by Dutch, 1642; by British, 1796.

=Galna=, Bombay. 21N. 75E. Pillaged by Sivaji, 1679; captured by Aurungzebe, 1705; by Colonel Wallace, 1804.

=Gamala=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. Unsuccessfully besieged by Agrippa; captured by Vespasian in Jewish war, 66-70.

=Gaur=, Bengal. 25N. 88E. Ancient capital of Bengal. Seized by Mohammedans, 1204; embellished by Akbar, 1575. (See Burton's 'Vikram and the Vampire,' 7th story.)

=Gaya=, Bengal. 25N. 85E. Sacred city of the Buddhists, being the bp. of Buddha.

=Gaza=, Palestine. 32N. 34E. City from which Samson is said to have taken the gates. Burnt by Syrian king, Alexander Jannæus, 96 B.C.; captured by Omar, 634; occupied by Templars, 1152; taken by Saladin, 1187. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Gerasa=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Taken by Alexander Jannæus, 83 B.C.; rebuilt by Romans, 65 B.C.

=Gethsemane=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Scene of Christ's vigil on the eve of his crucifixion. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient.')

=Ghaziabad=, United Provs. 29N. 77E. F. by Ghazi-ud-din, 1740. Suraj Mal killed by Rohillas, 1763.

=Ghazipur=, United Provs. 26N. 84E. Capital of district of Ghazipur; contains many magnificent ruins. Lord Cornwallis died here, 1805. (See Kipling's 'In an Opium Factory.')

=Ghazni=, Afghanistan. 34N. 68E. Seized by Nadir Shah, 1738; by Lord Keane, 1839; by General Nutt, 1842. Contains tomb of Mahmud of Ghazni, 1030.

=Gheriah=, Bombay. 17N. 73E. Bombarded by British fleet under Admiral Watson, and captured by Clive, 1756; British possession, 1818.

=Ghodbandar=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Mahrattas unsuccessfully stormed town, 1672; captured from Portuguese, 1737.

=Ghoraghat=, Bengal. 25N. 89E. Mentioned in the 'Mahabharata' as place of refuge of Virat Rajah.

=Gibeah=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Res. of King Saul, and alleged to be his birthplace.

=Gibeon=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Famous in Old Testament history, especially for Joshua's defence of the city against the Amorites.

=Gilboa=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Range of hills, on one of which King Saul and his three sons were killed in battle.

=Gingi=, Madras. 12N. 79E. Captured by Bandaullah Khan, 1638; by Sivaji, 1677; besieged for eight years by Zulfikar Khan, 1690; taken by French, 1750; by British, 1761; abandoned to Hyder Ali, 1780.

=Giria=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Celebrated for defeat of Sarfaraz Khan, 1740; and Mir Kasim, 1763.

=Giridhi=, Bengal. 24N. 86E. Centre of Karharbari coal-fields, and described in Kipling's 'Giridih Coal-Fields.'

=Goa=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Taken by Mohammedans, 1469; by Albuquerque, 1510; by British, 1807; recaptured by Portuguese, 1815. Contains tomb of St. Francis Xavier. (See Marryat's 'Phantom Ship,' Burton's 'Goa and the Blue Mountains,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')

=Gobardanga=, Bengal. 23N. 89E. Alleged place where Krishna guarded his flocks.

=Gobardhan=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. Said to have been a favourite res. of Krishna.

=Gokana=, Punjab. 29N. 77E. Contains tomb of Saint Shah Zia-ud-din Mohammed.

=Gokarn=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Place of pilgrimage for Hindus; mentioned in 'Mahabharata' and 'Ramayana.'

=Golconda=, Haidarabad. 18N. 78E. A ruined city, f. by Rajah of Warangal; destroyed by Aurungzebe, 1687.

=Gooruncondah= ('horse-hill'), Madras. 14N. 79E. Taken by Hyder Ali, 1768; yielded to Trimbak Rao, 1771; captured by Tippoo Sahib, 1773; British possession, 1800.

=Granicus=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. River on the banks of which Alexander the Great first defeated the Persians, 334 B.C.; Lucullus defeated Mithridates, 74 B.C.

=Gujranwala=, Punjab. 32N. 74E. Bp. of Ranjit Singh, and burial-place of his father and of himself.

=Gujrat=, Punjab. 33N. 74E. Sikhs conquered by Sir Hugh Gough, 1849. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Gulbarga=, Haidarabad. 17N. 77E. Taken by Zafar Khan, 1347; by Mir Jumla, 1657. Contains tomb of Khwaja Band Nawaz, Mussulman saint.

=Gumush-Khaneh= ('place of silver'), Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 38E. Pasha of Trebizond defeated by Russians, 1829.

=Gutti=, Madras. 15N. 78E. Res. of Morari Rao. Fell to Hyder Ali, 1775; British possession, 1800.

=Gwalior=, Central India. 26N. 78E. Contains palace of Man Singh, f. 1486, and Victoria College; also tombs of Sheik Mohammed Ghaus and of Tan Sen. Maharajah faithful to England, though his army rebelled during Mutiny, 1857.

=Haidarabad=, Haidarabad. 17N. 79E. Capital of the Nizam's dominions; f. by Cuttub-Shah, 1585. Taken and plundered by Aurungzebe, 1687.

=Hakata=, Japan. 34N. 130E. Formerly an independent town; now forming part of Tukuoka. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Out of the East.')

=Halicarnassus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 27E. Mausoleum erected here by Artemisia in honour of her husband, Mausolus. Bp. of Herodotus and Dionysius.

=Hamadan=, Persia. 35N. 48E. F. on the site of ancient Ecbatana, containing tombs alleged to be of Mordecai and Esther, also those of Avicenna, Attar, and Abul-Hasi.

=Hamah=, Syria. 35N. 37E. Often mentioned in the Old Testament. Fell into the hands of Tancred, 1108; of Togtekin, 1115; of Saladin, 1178. Abulfeda, the Arabian geographer, was emir, 1342-54.

=Hami=, China. 43N. 94E. Described in the 'Travels of Marco Polo.'

=Hang-Chau=, China. 30N. 120E. Capital of Che-kiang. Visited by Marco Polo and Barrow. Successfully stormed by Taiping rebels, 1861; open to foreign trade and res., 1896. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Han-kau= ('Han-mouth'), China. 31N. 114E. Greatest commercial city of empire; mentioned by F. J. Little in 'The Far East.'

=Hanoi= ('within the river'), Indo-China. 21N. 106E. F. by a Chinese governor, c. 767, became capital of Annam. Citadel built in 808. Contains a colossal Buddha, also statue to Paul Bert. French possession since 1882. (See Little's 'Far East.')

=Hansi=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. Alleged to have been f. by Anang Pal. Seized by Masud, 1036; by Mohammed of Ghor, 1192. Contains tomb of Kulb Jamal-ud-din.

=Hanumangarh=, Rajputana. 30N. 74E. Tamerlane defeated by Dul Chand, 1398; taken by Kamran, 1549.

=Harbin=, Manchuria. 46N. 127E. Military base of Russians during Russo-Japanese War. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Hardwar= ('gate of Vishnu'), United Provs. 30N. 78E. Famous resort of pilgrims; battle between two rival sects, 1760; terrible epidemic of cholera, 1847.

=Harnai=, Bombay. 18N. 73E. Attacked by Commodore James, 1755; captured by Colonel Kennedy, 1818.

=Hattia=, Bengal. 23N. 91E. Captured by Portuguese pirates, 1607. Destroyed by cyclone, 1876.

=Hayil=, Arabia. 28N. 42E. Visited by C. M. Doughty, and described in 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'

=Hebron=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Frequently mentioned in the Bible, especially in connection with David. Traditionally supposed to have been f. by Adam. The cave of Macpelah reputed to be here, containing Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah. The tombs are shown of Ruth, Jesse, and Abner. Conquered by Saladin, 1187; destroyed by Ibrahim Pasha, 1834 and 1837. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')

=Hei-ku-tai=, Manchuria. 42N. 123E. Seized by the Russians, 1904.

=Herat=, Afghanistan. 34N. 62E. Foundation attributed to Alexander the Great. Taken by Arabs, 661; by Nadir Shah, 1730; Persians defeated by British, 1837; fell to Yar Mohammed Khan, 1842; to Dost Mohammed, 1862. (See Rawlinson's 'England and Russia in the East.')

=Heshbon=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Mentioned in the Bible, and described by C. M. Doughty in 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'

=Hikone=, Japan. 35N. 137E. Contains remains of ancient Daimio castle. Battle of Sekigahare fought near here, 1600.

=Hinomizaki=, Japan. 35N. 132E. Described by Lafcadio Hearn in 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.'

=Hissar=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. F. by Firoz Shah Tughlak, 1356; captured by the adventurer, George Thomas, 1783; mutinied 1857.

=Homs=, Syria. 35N. 37E. Aurelian conquered Zenobia, 272; city captured by Saracens, 636; by Crusaders, 1099; Turks defeated by Ibrahim Pasha in command of Egyptian forces, 1832. Bp. of Heliogabalus. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Honawar=, Bombay. 14N. 74E. Visited by Ibn Batatu, 1342. Occupied by Portuguese, 1505; captured by British, 1783, 1799.

=Hong-Kong= ('fragrant streams'), China. 22N. 114E. Occupied by British troops, 1841; ceded to Britain, 1842. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Hor= ('mountain'), Arabia Petræa. 30N. 36E. Mountain on which tradition relates the death of Aaron took place.

=Horeb=, Arabia Petræa. 29N. 34E. Mountain on which Moses is said to have seen the burning bush, and to which Elijah fled from Jezebel. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')

=Hsi-ngan= ('west tranquil city'), China. 34N. 109E. Visited by Marco Polo; contains oldest mosque in China and tablet with Chinese and Syriac inscription dating from 781. Emperor and dowager empress sought refuge here, 1900.

=Hubli= ('old village'), Bombay. 15N. 75E. Captured by Muazzam, 1685; by General Munro, 1818.

=Hue=, Indo-China. 16N. 108E. Capital of Annam; forts taken by French, 1883. (See Little's 'Far East.')

=Hugli=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. F. by Portuguese, 1537; besieged by Shah Jahan, 1629; Mohammedans made it royal port, 1632; East India Company established factory, 1640; destroyed by fire, 1685.

=Ida=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. Range of mountains celebrated by Homer. In them the Simois, Granicus and Scamander had their origin, and Troy lay in the valley. Supposed scene of rape of Ganymede and judgment of Paris.

=Ipsus=, Asia Minor. 39N. 31E. Seleucus and Lysimachus conquered Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, 301 B.C. or 300 B.C.

=Irkutsk=, Siberia. 52N. 104E. F. by Cossacks, 1653; proclaimed town, and first church built, 1686; government headquarters, 1736; devastated by fire, 1879. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia.')

=Isker=, Siberia. 58N. 67E. Captured by Russians under Yermak, 1579.

=Ismid=, Asia Minor. 41N. 30E. Formerly capital of Bithynia under name of Nicomedia; given to the Romans by Nicomede III. Destroyed by Goths, and by earthquake, 358. Taken by Turks, 1326.

=Isnik=, Asia Minor. 40N. 30E. F. by Antigone. Nicene creed formed here by a council held against Arius, 325.

=Ispahan=, Persia. 33N. 52E. Said to have been f. by Jews who were taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar; former capital of Persia. Tamerlane massacred the inhabitants, 1392; besieged and plundered by Afghans, 1722; re-taken by Nadir Shah, 1729. (See Montesquieu's 'Lettres Persanes,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')

=Issus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 36E. Alexander the Great conquered Darius in a decisive battle, 333 B.C.; Septimus Severus defeated Niger, 194; Heraclius overthrew Persians, 622.

=Istalif=, Afghanistan. 35N. 69E. Destroyed by British, 1842.

=Jabbok= ('copious river'), Palestine. 32N. 36E. River on the banks of which Jacob is supposed to have wrestled with an angel. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.')

=Jaffa=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Celebrated in heathen mythology as the scene of the adventure of Perseus and Andromeda, in Scripture history as the port from which Jonas embarked and city in which Peter raised Tabitha. Cæsar yielded town to the Jews, but it returned to Rome, 6; taken by El-Malik el-Adil, Saladin's brother, 1188; ceded to Christians, 1204; restored by Frederick II., 1228; fortified by St. Louis, 1252; dismantled by Beybars, 1267; taken by Napoleon, 1799; by Mehemet Ali, 1832; by Turks, 1840. Partially destroyed by earthquake, 1838. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')

=Jalalabad=, Afghanistan. 34N. 70E. F. by Akbar, 1570. Sir Robert Sale made a successful resistance against Afghans, 1842.

=Jalandhar=, Punjab. 31N. 76E. Visited by Hiuen Tsiang. Destroyed by Sikhs, 1757; taken by Ranjit Singh, 1811.

=Jamalpur=, Bengal. 25N. 86E. Chief locomotive centre of East Indian Railway, described by Kipling in 'Among the Railway Folk.'

=Jaypur=, Rajputana. 27N. 76E. F. by Sawai Jai Singh, 1728; greatest city of Rajputana. (See Kipling's 'Letters of Marque.')

=Jericho=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient city frequently mentioned in biblical history, and also by Josephus and Strabo. It was destroyed by Joshua, but rebuilt in Ahab's reign. Here Christ healed blind Bartimæus. (See Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')

=Jerusalem=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient capital of Palestine, mentioned in Egyptian record c. 1400 B.C. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 586 B.C.; Jews permitted to return by Cyrus, 536 B.C.; Jews massacred by Antiochus IV., 168 B.C.; fortified by Judas Maccabæus, 165 B.C.; captured by Pompey, 63 B.C.; taken and destroyed by Titus, 70; new city f. by Hadrian, 71; Godfrey de Bouillon reigned, 1099; passed into hands of Ottoman Turks, 1516. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Firdausi's 'Sha Name,' Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')

=Jezreel= ('God sows'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. A town near which Saul fell in battle, containing the res. of Jezebel and Ahab.

=Jhansi=, Central India. 26N. 79E. F. by Bir Singh Deo. Massacre of Europeans in the Mutiny, 1857.

=Jhelum=, Punjab. 31N. 72E. The Hydaspes of classical literature, on the banks of which Alexander the Great defeated the Indian chief Porus.

=Jidda=, Arabia. 22N. 39E. Taken by Turks, 1840; massacre of Christian missionaries, 1858. Contains supposed tomb of Eve. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')

=Jind=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. Attacked by Gajpat Singh, 1755; Rahim Dad Khan here met his death, 1775.

=Joonir=, Bombay. 19N. 74E. F. by Malik-ut-Tujar, 1436; pillaged by Sivaji, 1657.

=Jordan=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Chief river of Palestine, of which mention occurs frequently in biblical history. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient.')

=Jugduluk=, Afghanistan. 35N. 70E. British troops massacred, 1842.

=Kabbaldurga=, Madras. 12N. 77E. Chama Rajah imprisoned here in 1734, and Morari Rao by Hyder Ali.

=Kabul=, Afghanistan. 35N. 69E. Conquered by Nadir Shah, 1739; by British, 1839; massacre of British soldiers, 1842; retaken by British, 1842; by Shere Ali, 1868; massacre of Major Cavagnari, 1879; Lord Roberts subdued city in his campaign, 1878-80. (See Firdausi's 'Sha Name.')

=Kagoshima=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Destroyed by British fleet, 1863; Satsuma Rebellion had its origin here, but was crushed, 1877.

=Kaithal=, Punjab. 30N. 76E. Contains tomb of Mohammedan saint Salah-ud-din of Balkh. Captured by Bhai Desu Singh, 1767.

=Kalat=, Baluchistan. 29N. 67E. Unsuccessfully attacked by Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1758; captured by British, 1839.

=Kalgan=, China. 41N. 115E. Walled city mentioned by A. J. Little in 'The Far East.'

=Kallinjar=, Bengal. 25N. 80E. Connected with worship of Siva. Attacked by Mahmoud of Ghazni, 1023; captured by Kutb-ud-din, 1203; besieged by Humayun, 1530; taken by Akbar, 1569; by British, 1812.

=Kalpi=, United Provs. 26N. 80E. Said to have been f. by Basdeo. Captured by Kutb-ud-din, 1196; by Humayun, 1527; by British, 1798.

=Kalyan=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Captured by Portuguese, 1536; by Mohammedans, 1660; by British, 1780.

=Kamagawa=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Town at which treaty was signed opening Japan to Europeans, 1854.

=Kamakura=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Former capital of Shogunate, and contains colossal statue of Buddha. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.')

=Kampil=, Bengal. 28N. 79E. Mentioned in 'Mahabharata' as scene of wedding of Draupadi.

=Kan-chow=, China. 39N. 101E. Described in 'Travels of Marco Polo.'

=Kanchrapara=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. Bp. of Iswar Chandra Gupta.

=Kandahar=, Afghanistan. 32N. 66E. F. by Ahmed Shah, 1747, near site of city f. by Alexander the Great, 330 B.C. Taken by British, 1839, 1879. Stormed by Ayub Khan, but relieved by Lord Roberts, 1880.

=Kandy=, Ceylon. 7N. 81E. Contained temple in which was supposed to be a tooth of Buddha; destroyed by Portuguese. Capital of Ceylon, 1592; taken by Portuguese, 1796; entered by British, 1803; became British possession, 1815.

=Kang-hwa= ('river-flower'), Korea. 38N. 127E. Plundered by French under Admiral Roze, 1866; attacked by Americans, 1871; peace established by treaty, 1875.

=Kangra=, Punjab. 32N. 76E. Pillaged by Firoz Shah, 1360; taken by Sansar Chand, 1785.