Part 7

=Parana=, river, estuary of, at Rio de la Plata. First ascended by Cabot, 1525; Ayolas on, 1535.

=Paria, Gulf of=, S.A. 9N. 60W. Columbus in, 1498; Ojeda in, 1499.

=Patagonia, S.A.= 39S. 60W. Discovered by Magalhaes, 1519; R. de Isola the first to traverse the country, 1535; Drake off, 1578; Cook, 1774; many later explorers, among them Darwin (see 'Voyage of the Beagle') and Capt. Mayne, 1866-8.

=Patapsco=, river, Maryland. 39N. 76W. Explored by John Smith, 1608.

=Paulus Hook= (now Jersey City). 40N. 74W. Captured by Americans, 1779 (W. of Ind.).

=Paxton=, Penn. 40N. 76W. 'Boys' of massacre Indians at Conestoga and Lancaster, 1763. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac,' op. cit.)

=Paysandu=, Uruguay. 32S. 57W. Taken by assault by Brazilians, and subjected to a hideous pillage, and its defender Gomez murdered, 1865.

=Pennsylvania=, U.S. 40N. 79W. One of the 13 original states of the Union; early colonies in of Swedes and Finns, 17th century; territory surrendered to English, 1664; granted by letters patent to Penn, 1681.

=Penobscot, river=, Maine. 44N. 68W. Navigated by George Weymouth, 1605.

=Pepperell=, Mass. 42N. 71W. Early home of Prescott, the historian.

=Pernambuco=, Brazil. 7-9S. 35-44W. Colonised by Portuguese, 16th century; invaded by Dutch, 1630; insurrections in, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

=Peru=, S.A. 3-22S. 69-80W. Expedition to, under Andagoya, 1522; Pizarro first reaches, 1526; conquering expedition to landed at Tumbez, 1531. He found the empire divided between the two Incas, Huascar and Atahuallpa; the latter was strangled by Pizarro, 1532; Lima f. by conqueror, 1535; country settled by Gasca, 1548-50; Mendoza viceroy, 1551; Indian insurrection under Pumacagna, 1814; Spanish viceroy's forces heavily defeated at Maypo by San Martin, 1816; entry of San Martin, the Liberator, into Lima, and proclamation of independence, 1821; liberation of country assured by defeat of Spaniards at Ayacucho, 1824; finally evacuated by Spaniards, 1826; civil disturbances continual, and war with Spain, 1864 and 1866; treaty with Bolivia, 1873; and war with Chili, 1879-83; continued revolutions and hideous slaughter in the streets of Lima for three days, March 1895.

=Philadelphia=, Penn. 39N. 75W. Early Swedish settlers in, who sold the land to W. Penn, 1682, when city was f.; first continental congress at, 1774; Declaration of Independence proclaimed at, 1776; taken by Lord Howe, 1777; evacuated by English, 1778; proclamation of close of W. of Ind., 1783; capital removed from to Washington, 1800. Bp. C. Brockden Brown (1771-1810); F. Hopkinson, satirist, A. of 'The Battle of the Kegs' (1737-91); Louisa M. Alcott (1832-88); Allibone, A. of the 'Dict. of Literature' (1816-89); Joseph Hopkins, A. of 'Hail Columbia' (1770-1842); Leland (Hans Breitmann) (1824-1903); H. H. Furness, editor of the Variorum Shakespeare (1833); F. R. Stockton (1834-1902); res. Benjamin Franklin, 1723-90, the year of his death.

=Pichincha=, near Quito, Ecuador, 0. 78W. Victory of Sucré, Bolivar's lieutenant, 1822 (S. A. W. Ind.).

=Pines, Isle of=, W. Indies. 24N. 81W. Discovered by Columbus, and named by him Evangelista, 1494.

=Pittsburg=, Penn. 40N. 80W. On site of Fort Duquesne (q.v.). Defeat of Braddock by the French and Indians, 1755; taken by English, 1758, who gave it its present name.

=Pittsburg Landing=, Tennessee. 35N. 88W. Federals defeated, but Confederates finally forced to retire, April 6 and 7, 1862 (also known as battle of Shiloh).

=Piura=, river, Peru. 5S. 80W. Crossed by Pizarro on his way inland, 1532.

=Plata, La, Rio de=, S.A. 34S. 36W. Mouth discovered by Pinzon and Solís, 1508; Solís again at, 1515, and killed by natives; Cabot on, 1526, who named it as above, and f. S. Espiritu; Garcia arrived at mouth of the same year (see Brazil); Drake off, 1578.

=Plata, La.= Silver mines in worked by Gonzalo Pizarro in 15th century; by Carbajal, 16th century; made a viceroyalty, 1778. (See Argentine Republic.)

=Plattsburg=, N.Y. 44N. 73W. British fleet defeated in Cumberland Bay, and English land force repulsed, by Americans, 1814.

=Pleasant Grove=, near Sabine Cross Roads, Louisiana. 31N. 93W. Confederates repulsed, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Plymouth=, Mass. 41N. 70W. First town f. in New England by the Pilgrim Fathers, 1620; bp. W. Bradford, second governor and historian of Plymouth, 1588-1657.

=Plymouth=, N. Carolina. 36N. 76W. Taken by Confederates, 1864.

=Plymouth Harbour= (Port St. Louis). 41N. 70W. Champlain in during second expedition to Canada, 1604-7; the 'Mayflower' enters, 1620.

=Point Pleasant=, Clermont Co., Ohio. 39N. 84W. Bp. Ulysses Simpson Grant, general, and 18th President of U.S. (1822-85).

=Popayan=, Colombia. 2N. 76W. F. by Benalcazar, 1537; reached by Blasco Nuñez after his long and painful march pursued by Gonzalo Pizarro, 1545. (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op. cit.)

=Pope's Creek=, near Bridge Creek, Virginia Bp. George Washington, first President of U.S. (1732-99).

=Popocatepetl= ('smoking mountain'), volcano, Mexico. 18N. 98W. Ascent of by Diego Ordaz and Spaniards in the train of Cortés, 1519.

=Port-au-Prince= (now Port Republican), Haiti. 18N. 72W. F. by French, 1745; destroyed by earthquake, 1770; revolt of negroes, 1791.

=Portland=, Maine. 43N. 70W. Bp. Longfellow (1807-82).

=Porto= (Puerto) Bello, Panama. 9N. 79W. Discovered by Columbus, 1502, who so named it; town f. 1584; sacked by Drake, 1595; the following year he died and was buried off; sacked by filibuster Morgan, 1668; and by English, 1680 and 1702; and by Admiral Vernon (Old Grog), 1739.

=Porto Rico=, island, W. Indies. 17N. 65W. Discovered by Columbus, 1493; explored by Ponce de Leon, 1508; unsuccessful attack on by Drake and Hawkins, and death of the latter off, 1595; unsuccessful attack on by Abercrombie, 1797; revolt in, 1820; ceded to U.S. 1898.

=Port Pheasant=, Gulf of Darien. 9N. 77W. So named by Drake.

=Port Royal=, see Annapolis.

=Port Royal=, Jamaica. 17N. 76W. Successive destruction of the town by earthquake and hurricane caused the commercial capital to be moved to Kingston.

=Port Royal Island=, S. Carolina. 32N. 80W. Huguenot colony settled on by Ribault, and soon after deserted, 1562; settlement on by Lord Cardross, who a few years afterwards was dislodged by Spaniards, 1686.

=Port Royal Sound=, S. Carolina. 32N. 80W. Confederate posts taken, 1861 (Civil W.).

=Portsmouth=, N. Hampshire. 41N. 70W. Bp. T. B. Aldrich, poet and prose writer (1836-1906).

=Potomac=, river, Virginia and Maryland. 38N. 76W. Explored by John Smith, 1608.

=Potosi=, Bolivia, S.A. 19S. 65W. Silver mines discovered by an Indian, 1545; exploited by Spaniards in 16th century.

=Prairie Grove=, Arkansas. 35N. 93W. Confederates forced to retreat, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Prince Edward's Island=, Gulf of St. Lawrence (formerly Isle de St. Jean). 45N. 62W. Discovered by Cartier, 1534; confirmed to England by Treaty of Paris, 1763; under government of Nova Scotia till made a separate colony, 1768; admitted into the Dominion, 1873.

=Princeton=, N. Jersey. 40N. 74W. English defeated by Washington, 1777 (W. of Ind.); University f. 1746, at Elisabethtown, and removed to Princeton, 1757.

=Princetown Harbour=, Cape Cod Bay. 42N. 70W. Here the 'Mayflower' anchored, and the Pilgrim Fathers first set foot on land, 1620.

=Providence=, Rhode Island. 41N. 71W. F. by Roger Williams, 1636.

=Puerto Cabello=, Venezuela, 1S. 44W. Surprised and taken by revolutionaries under Paez, 1823 (S. A. W. Ind.).

=Puerto de Piñas.= 6N. 76W. Reached by Balboa and Andagoya; doubled by Pizarro, 1524.

=Puerto Gordo=, W. Indies. 22N. 82W. Columbus at, 1502.

=Puna=, Island of, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. 2S. 80W. Encampment of Pizarro and battle of with natives, during his last expedition to Peru, 1531.

=Punta de Pasado.= 0. 80W. Southern limit of exploration by Ruiz, Pizarro's pilot, the first European to cross the equinoctial line sailing south on the Pacific.

=Punta Quemada.= 5N. 77W. So named by Pizarro.

=Quauhquechollan.= 45N. 95W. Mexicans routed by Cortés and native allies, 1520 (See Prescott, op. cit.).

=Quaker's Hill=, Rhode Island. 41N. 71W. Fierce engagement between Americans and English, 1778 (W. of Ind.).

=Quebec= (Stadacona), Canada. 46N. 71W. Discovered by Cartier, 1535; Champlain at, 1603, and 1608-9, when he f. the town; in English possession, 1629-32; unsuccessful attack on by English under Phipps, 1690; fall of, and death of Wolfe and Montcalm, 1759; ceded to English by Peace of Paris, 1763; American attack under Benedict Arnold and Montgomery repulsed, 1775. (See Parkman, 'Montcalm and Wolfe.')

=Queen Charlotte's Islands=, British Columbia. 52N. 131W. Discovered by Perez, 1774; Cook off, 1778; so named by Capt. Dixon, 1787, who took possession of them for England; explored further by Vancouver, 1793.

=Queenstown=, Ontario. 43N. 79W. Captured by Americans, but recovered by British, who lost their general, Brock, 1812.

=Queretaro=, Mexico. 20N. 100W. King Maximilian shot by order of Juarez, 1867.

=Quincy=, Mass. 42N. 71W. Here Morton settled a plantation and set up his maypole, which Endicott cut down; M. was seized by Capt. Standish and sent to England, 1628. (See Braintree.)

=Quipaypan=, Plains of, near Cuzco. 13S. 70W. Defeat of Huascar by Atahuallpa, rival Incas of Peru and Quito, 1532.

=Quito=, Ecuador, 0. 78W. Ancient capital of the Incas; taken by the Spaniards under Pizarro, 1534; disastrous expedition into the interior from, by Gonzalo Pizarro, 1540-2; death of Blasco Nuñez, defeated by G. Pizarro, 1546; made capital of Ecuador, 1831.

=Quito=, presidency. Detached from Peru and added to New Granada, 1718; part of the republic of Colombia, 1819; Flores declares presidency of Quito independent, and names country Ecuador (q.v.), 1830.

=Rancheria=, Colombia. 11N. 72W. Burnt by Drake, 1595.

=Rappahannock=, river, Virginia. 38N. 77W. Federals defeated at Kelly's Ford, 1863. (See also Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and Wilderness.)

=Raymond=, Maine. 43N. 70W. Hawthorne's home as a boy; the diary of his life while there was published in 1897.

=Redding=, Conn. 41N. 73W. Bp. Joel Barlow, poet (1754-1812).

=Rhode Island.= 41N. 71W. One of the 13 original states. This and the coast between Boston and New York is supposed to be the Vinland of the saga of 'Eric the Red,' who undertook an expedition to these parts at the close of the 10th century. Verazzani in Narragansett Bay, 1524; explored by Dutch navigator Block, 1614; first settlement (Providence) under Roger Williams, 1636; colony settled by W. Coddington, 1638; other settlements, 1643; charter granted to by Charles II., 1663; burning and massacre on during war with Indian king, Philip, 1676; fighting on during W. of Ind. (See Cooper, 'Puritans of America.')

=Richelieu= (Chambly, St. John), river, Quebec. 45N. 73W. Navigated by Champlain, 1609.

=Richmond=, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Battles on the banks of the Chickahominy known as the Seven Days of Richmond, June 1862; town besieged, and evacuated by Confederates, 1865 (Civil W.).

=Ridgefield=, Conn. 41N.73W. Bp. S. G. Goodrich (Peter Parley) (1793-1860).

=Riobamba= (or Bolivar), Ecuador. 1S. 77W. Indians defeated on plains of by Benalcazar, one of Pizarro's cavaliers, 1534.

=Rio de Janeiro=, Brazil. 22S. 43W. Solis in bay of, 1515; Magalhaes, 1519; De Sousa, 1531; Huguenot settlement on under Villegagnon, 1555, which was soon after suppressed by the Portuguese, who f. R. de J., 1567; viceregal residence from 1763; became capital of the independent empire of Brazil, 1822, and of the Republic of the U.S. of Brazil, 1889.

=Rio Hacha=, Colombia. 11N. 72W. Hawkin trading at in negroes, 1565, 1568; burnt by Drake, 1595.

=Rio Negro=, Argentine Republic. 40S. 61W. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of Beagle.')

=Roanoke=, island, N. Carolina. 35N. 75W. Discovered by expedition under Barlow and Amadas, sent by Raleigh, 1584; colony left on by Grenville under Ralph Lane, 1585; rescued by Drake, 1586; small colony left by Grenville, 1586, which perished; larger band of colonists under John White sent by Raleigh, 1587; captured by Federals, 1862 (Civil W.). Bp. Virginia Dare, first English child born in the New World, 1587.

=Roanoke=, river, N.A. 35 and 36N. 76 and 78W. Explored by Christopher Gist, 1750-1.

=Rocky Mountains=, N.A. Alexander Mackenzie the first European to cross, 1793.

=Roslyn=, Long Island. 40N. 73W. 'Cedar-Mere,' the home and burial-place of Bryant the poet (1794-1878).

=Roxbury=, Mass. 42N. 71W. John Eliot, apostle to the Indians, and translator of the Bible into the Indian language, minister at, 1632-46, when he began his missionary labours; here he died, 1690.

=Sabine Cross Roads=, Louisiana. 31N. 93W. Confederate victory, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Sable Island=, Nova Scotia. 43N. 60W. Colony planted by Roberval, who sailed up the St. Lawrence, 1542-3.

=Saccarappa=, Westbrook, Maine. 43N. 70W. Bp. B. P. Akers, sculptor (1825-61). (See Hawthorne's 'Transformation.')

=Saguenay=, Quebec. 48N. 69W. Cartier off coast of, 1535.

=S. Antonio=, Cape, Cuba. 21N. 84W. John Hawkins off, 1564.

=St. Augustine=, Florida. 29N. 80W. F. by Spaniards on site of the Huguenot Fort Caroline (q.v.), 1565; the oldest town in the U.S.; Ribault and his followers massacred near by Menendez, 1565; often attacked and pillaged by English, Indians, etc.; destroyed by Drake, 1586; unsuccessful attack on by Oglethorpe, 1740. (See St. John's River.)

=St. Christopher= (St. Kitts), island, English Antilles. 17N. 62W. Discovered by Columbus, 1493; after long dispute with the French, became a British possession, 1713; Brimstone Hill relieved by English squadron under Howe, 1783 (W. of Ind.).

=St. Croix=, St. Lawrence. 46N. 71W. So named by Cartier, 1535.

=St. Croix=, W. Indies. Taken by Cochrane, 1807; restored to Denmark, 1814.

=S. Diego, Bay= of, California. 32N. 116W. Discovered by Viscayno, during expedition, 1602-5.

=S. Espiritu=, see La Plata.

=St. Eustatius=, W. Indies. Colonised by Dutch, 17th century; taken by Rodney, 1781; and same year by the French; regained by English, and restored to the Dutch, 1814.

=S. Felix=, Venezuela. 9N. 74W. Defeat of Royalists, and massacre of Spanish prisoners by Piar, 1817.

=St. John=, Quebec. 45N. 73W. Surrendered to American army after siege of over fifty days, 1775.

=St. John's=, Newfoundland. 47N. 52W. Claimed in the name of Elizabeth, 1583; French in possession for a few months, 1762.

=St. John's Isles=, Gulf of St. Lawrence. So named by Cartier, 1535.

=St. John's River=, Florida. 29N. 81W. Entered by Ribault and his Huguenot followers, May 1562, and so given the name of the May River; arrival of Laudonnière's expedition, 1564; Huguenot colonists relieved by Sir J. Hawkins, 1565; massacred by Menendez, 1565.

=St. Joseph=, Fort, Lake Michigan. Mission station, attacked and inhabitants massacred by Indians, 1763.

=S. Juan de Ulua= (see Vera Cruz). Cortés and his fleet arrive at, 1519.

=St. Lawrence=, river, N.A. Rises 44N. 76W. Discovered and explored by Cartier, 1535; Roberval on, 1542-3; Pontgravé and Champlain sail up, 1603; country along the upper river to Montreal explored by Champlain, 1611.

=St. Lawrence, Gulf of.= Explored by Jacques Cartier, 1534 and 1535, and so named by him.

=St. Lucia=, W. Indies. 14N. 60W. Reduced by Abercrombie, 1796.

=S. Maria de la Vittoria.= F. on the site of the battle of Ceutla (q.v.).

=St. Nicholas, Port.= 49N. 67E. So named by Cartier, 1535.

=St. Pierre=, Martinique. Destroyed by eruption of Mont Pelée, 1902.

=St. Thomas=, Danish Antilles. 18N. 65W. Discovered by Columbus, 1493.

=St. Vincent=, Lesser Antilles, W. Indies. 13N. 61W. Discovered by Columbus, 1498; ceded to England, 1763; captured by French, 1779; restored to England, 1783; insurrection of natives, 1795; partly destroyed by eruption of the Soufrière, 1902.

=Salem=, Mass. 42N. 70W. Former name Naumkeag; early colony at, 1626; name given by Governor Endicott, 1628; famous trial and executions for witchcraft, 1692; proclamation of independence, Massachusetts Assembly, 1774. Bp. Israel Putnam (1718-90); Nat. Hawthorne (1804-64); W. H. Prescott, historian (1796-1859); J. H. Choate, diplomatist (1832). Roger Williams res. 1635-6. (See Intro. to Hawthorne's 'Scarlet Letter.')

=Salem=, N. Jersey. 39N. 75W. F. by Quakers, 1675.

=Salem=, N. Carolina. 36N. 80W. Settled by Moravians, 1766; college for women at.

=Saltillo=, Mexico. 25N. 100W. Battle in which Santa Anna's power was overthrown, 1855.

=Salt Lake City=, Utah. 40N. 112W. Capital of the Mormon state, f. 1847; abandoned by Mormons, 1858.

=Salvador=, state, Cent. A. 13N. 86W. Conquered by Alvarado, Spanish officer, 1524; threw off Spanish yoke and became part of the Confederation of Central America, 1824; declared a republic, 1824; war with Guatemala, 1863-4; frequent civil disturbances in.

=San Antonio=, Texas. 29N. 98W. Frightful massacre of American garrison at Fort Alamo by Santa Ana, the Mexican leader, 1836.

=San Antonio.= 26S. 56W. Victory of Montevideans by help of Garibaldi over the troops of Rosas, 1846.

=San Cristobal= (formerly Xaltocan), on lake of that name. 19N. 90W. Taken by Cortés, 1521. (Prescott, 'Mexico,' op. cit.)

=San Domingo= (Dominican Republic). 16N. 68W. Eastern extremity of Haiti. Ceded to French by Treaty of Bâle, 1795; restored to Spain, 1814; established as a republic, 1843; dependent on Spain, 1861-5, when it again became independent. (See Haiti.)

=San Domingo=, Haiti. 18N. 69W. Town f. by Bartholomew Columbus, 1496, under the name of Nueva Isabella; first town built by Europeans in the West; taken by Drake, 1585; seized by Toussaint l'Ouverture in name of French, 1801; evacuated by French, 1809; Christopher Columbus buried here till 1536, when his remains were removed to Havana.

=Sandusky=, Ohio. 41N. 83W. Fort erected by French, 1751; captured by Indians, 1763. (Parkman, 'Pontiac.')

=San Francisco=, California. 37N. 122W. Settled by Spaniards under the name of Yerba Buena, 1776; took present name, 1847; discovery of gold following year; incorporated as a city, 1856.

=San Francisco del Quito= (Riobamba, q.v.). So named by Benalcazar after his victory over the Indians.

=San Jacinto=, Texas. 29N. 95W. Mexicans defeated by Texans, and Santa Ana captured, 1836.

=San Juan=, Porto Rico, Antilles. 18N. 65W. F. 1514; sacked by Drake, 1594; by Earl of Cumberland, 1597.

=San Mateo= (Fort Caroline, q.v.). Name given by Menendez.

=San Miguel de Piura= (or Piura), Peru. 5S. 80W. First colony settled by Pizarro in Peru, 1532.

=San Salvador=, Salvador, Cent. A. 13N. 88W. F. by the brother of the conqueror Alvarado, 1528.

=San Salvador=, island, Bahamas, W. Indies. Native name Guanahani; name given by Columbus, 1492, to the first land he sighted. (See Watling Island.)

=San Sebastian=, Panama. 7-9N. 77-82W. F. by Ojeda, the first colony on Darien, 1510.

=Santa Cruz=, island, Lesser Antilles. 17N. 64W. Danish possession since 1814, when it was restored by England, after being taken in 1807.

=Santa Maria=, Pensacola Bay. 30N. 88W. Tristan de Luna's fleet destroyed off, 1559; first Spanish colony in Florida settled near by him.

=Santa Maria del Tule=, Mexico. 16N. 96W. Built round the largest known tree, which is held sacred.

=Santa Marta=, Colombia, S.A. 11N. 74W. F. by Bastidas, 1525; old town destroyed by Drake, 1596; subject to continual attacks by buccaneers in 16th and 17th centuries; not far off is the spot where Bolivar died, 1830.

=Santa Rosa=, San Salvador, Cent. A. 13N. 86W. Troops of San Salvador defeated by Carrera, 1863.

=Santiago=, Chili. 33N. 70W. F. by P. Valdivia, one of the conquerors of Chili, 1541; terrible fire in church of La Compania, 1863.

=Sarandi=, Uruguay. 33S. 55W. Fierce battle between forces of Brazil and Buenos Ayres, in which former defeated, 1825.

=Saratoga=, N.Y. 43N. 73W. Destroyed by French and Indians, 1745; the English under Burgoyne surrendered to Americans near, 1777.

=Sault Ste. Marie=, Michigan. 46N. 84W. Reached by Jean Nicolet during expedition, 1634-9; Père Marquette at, 1668; mission station of the Jesuits, 1669.

=Savannah=, Georgia. 31N. 81W. F. by Oglethorpe, 1733; J. Wesley pastor at, 1736; English in military occupation, 1778; in a skirmish here, the last blood was shed in the W. of Ind., 1782; taken by Sherman, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Schenectady=, N.Y. 42N. 73W. Dutch settlers massacred by French and Indians, 1690.

=Seven Islands=, Gulf of St. Lawrence. 45N. 40W. So named by Cartier, 1535.

=Seven Pines=, near Richmond (q.v.). Defeat of Federals, 1862.

=Sevier, Lake=, Utah. 38N. 113W. Gunnison, the explorer, massacred on, by Indians, 1853.

=Shackamaxon=, Philadelphia. Famous treaty of Penn with the Indians, 1683. (See picture by Benjamin West.)

=Shadwell=, Virginia. 38N. 78W. Bp. Thomas Jefferson, third President of U.S. (1743-1826).

=Shiloh=, see Pittsburg Landing.

=Sombrero=, Venezuela, 10N. 66W. Spaniards defeated by Bolivar, 1818.

=Sonora=, Mexico. 27N. 109W. Discovered by Coronado, 1540; expedition into of Count G. de Raousset Boulbon, and defeat by Mexicans, 1853; his capture and death, 1854.

=Spanishtown=, Jamaica. 17N. 77W. F. by Diego Columbus, 1525, and originally named Santiago de la Vega.

=Spottsylvania=, Virginia. Confederate victories, 1864. (See Wilderness.)

=Springfield=, Mass. 42N. 72W. (See Wilson's Creek.)

=Springfield=, Illinois. 39N. 89W. Res. Abraham Lincoln, who is buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

=Staten Island=, N.Y. 40N. 73W. Bought by the Dutch, 1630; occupied by English under Gen. Howe, 1776.

=Stockbridge=, Mass. 42N. 73W. Ass. Jonathan Edwards, who here wrote his 'Freedom of the Will,' and Hawthorne.

=Stony Creek=, Ontario. 43N. 79W. English victory, 1813.

=Stony Point=, Hudson R. 43N. 74W. Seized by British, brilliantly recaptured by Gen. Wayne, and subsequently reoccupied by British, 1779.

=Stratford=, Westmoreland Co., Virginia. Bp. Robert Edward Lee, Confederate general (1807-70).

=Sucre=, see Chuquisaca.

=Sumter Fort=, see Charleston.

=Sunbury=, Georgia. 31N. 81W. Taken by the English, 1779 (W. of Ind.).

=Surinam=, Dutch Guiana, S.A., see Guiana.

=Susquehanna=, river, Penn. Explored by John Smith, 1608.

=Suwanee=, river, Georgia and Florida. De Soto at, 1538.

=Tabasco=, state, Gulf of Mexico. 16N. 91W. Expedition of Cortés into, 1524.

=Tacna=, Chili. 13S. 70W. Chilian victory over Peruvians and Bolivians, 1880.

=Tadousac=, Quebec. 48N. 69W. Small French colony planted by Roberval, 1541; early fur-trading post.

=Tambo=, Peru. 16S. 71W. Spaniards driven from the assault of by the Inca Manco, 1535.

=Tampa Bay=, Florida. 27N. 82W. Landing-place of De Soto. 1539.

=Tampico=, Mexico. 22N. 98W. Sc. many actions during civil wars; Spaniards defeated by Santa Ana, 1820; taken by U.S. forces, 1846; by French, 1862, 1863.

=Tappan=, N.Y. 41N. 73W. Execution of Major André, 1780.

=Tarqui=, Quito, S.A. Peruvians defeated by Colombians, 1829.

=Tarrytown=, N.Y. 41N. 73W. Major André captured, 1780; Sleepy Hollow near; later home and grave of Washington Irving (1783-1859).

=Tehuantepec=, Mexico. 16N. 92W. Famous prehistoric ruins.

=Tennessee=, U.S. 35N. 81W. Originally part of N. Carolina; De Soto in, 1538; Fort London settled by English, 1757; admitted to Union, 1796; seceded, 1861; readmitted, 1866.

=Teotihuacan=, plateau, Mexico. 40N. 97W. Pyramids on dedicated to sun and moon.

=Tepeaca=, Mexico. 17N. 97W. Cortés enters as conqueror, 1520.

=Texas=, U.S. (formerly part of Mexico). 25N. 93W. Colony settled in by La Salle, 1685; possession of disputed by French and Spaniards, 17th-19th centuries; San Antonio f. by Spaniards, 1692; declares its independence, 1836; Mexicans defeated by colonists at San Jacinto, 1836; admitted to the Union, 1845; seceded, 1861; readmitted, 1870.

=Tezcuco=, near Mexico. 19N. 99W. Remains of Cortés removed to from Spain, 1562, and where they remained till removed to Mexico, 1629.