Part 4

=Chicago=, Illinois. 41N. 87W. French fur-traders at, 1654; Marquette at, 1673, and during winter 1674-5; fort built by French, 1683; abandoned when Canada ceded to English; American fort (Dearborn) built, 1804; raid and massacre by Indians, 1814; small beginning of present town laid out, 1830; terrible fire, 1871; World's Fair, 1893.

=Chickahominy River=, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Explored by John Smith, 1607; a series of battles fought on, ending in victory for Confederates under Lee, 1862. (See Richmond.)

=Chickamanga=, see Chattanooga.

=Chickasaw Bayou=, arm of the Yazoo river. 32N. 90W. Sherman repulsed by Confederates, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Chihuahua=, Mexico. 28N. 106W. Hidalgo, Mexican patriot, shot, 1811.

=Chili= (Chile), S.A. 32S. 70W. Almagro as conqueror in, 1536; Valdivia invades, 1540; Santiago f. by, 1541; revolt against Spanish rule, 1810; supremacy of Spain renewed, 1814; defeat of Spaniards at Chacabuco, 1817; national independence finally proclaimed after battle of Maypo, 1818; recognised at Madrid, 1844; alliance with Peru and declaration of war with Spain, 1865-6; Valparaiso bombarded by Spanish fleet, 1866; treaty with Spain, 1879; war with Peru and Bolivia, 1879-83; Balmaceda president, 1886; revolution in and revolt of navy, 1891; complications with U.S. concerning the 'Matta Note' affair, peaceably settled, 1892.

=Chiloe=, island. 42S. 73W. Spanish fleet defeated off by Peruvians and Chilians, 1866; Darwin on (see 'Voyage of the Beagle').

=Chimborazo=, see Andes.

=Chincha Islands=, Peru. 13S. 76W. Seized by the Spaniards when at war with Peru, 1864; restored on conclusion of peace, 1865.

=Chippawa= (or Chippewa), Ontario. 43N. 79W. Gen. Riall defeated by Americans, 1814.

=Cholula=, Mexico. 19N. 98W. Famous pyramid at, four times the size of the pyramid of Cheops; massacre of the Cholulans by Cortés, 1519. (Prescott, 'Mexico,' op. cit.)

=Chonos Islands=, S.A. 44S. 74W. Darwin on (see 'Voyage of the Beagle').

=Chrysler's Field=, Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence. 44N. 75W. Fierce but indecisive action, 1813.

=Chupas=, Peru. 12S. 75W. Defeat of the Spaniards under Almagro by Vaca de Castro, commissioner sent out by Spanish Government, 1542. (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op. cit.)

=Chuquisaca= (now Sucre), cap. of Bolivia. 19S. 64W. F. by one of Pizarro's followers, 1529; independence of Bolivia proclaimed at, 1825; said to be oldest university in S. America.

=Churubusco=, near Mexico. 19N. 99W. Santa Anna defeated by Americans, 1847 (Mex. W.).

=Cincinnati=, city, Ohio. 39N. 84W. Block-house erected by Ensign Luce, 1788, and first known as Losantiville.

=Ciudad Bolivar=, see Angostura.

=Clarksburg=, Harrison Co., W. Virginia. Bp. Thomas Jonathan Jackson ('Stonewall' Jackson), Confederate general (1824), killed at Chancellorsville, 1863.

=Cleveland=, Ohio. 41N. 81W. Named in honour of its founder, 1796.

=Coaque=, Peru. 0. 77W. Taken by Pizarro, 1531.

=Cod, Cape=, Mass. 42N. 70W. Discovered by Gosnold, who so named it, 1602; Champlain off during his second expedition to Canada, 1604-7, and called by him Cape Fortune; explored by John Smith, 1614; first land sighted by Pilgrim Fathers.

=Cold Harbour=, near Richmond, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Sanguinary and indecisive battle between Grant and Lee, 1864 (Civil W.). (See under Richmond for former battle, 1862.)

=Colombia=, S.A. 3N. 75W. Coasts, etc., explored by Columbus (from whom the present name derived), and earlier and later navigators, 15th-16th centuries; named New Granada by Quesada, conqueror of Bogota, 1538; revolt against Spanish rule, 1810; independence established after Bolivar's victory at Boyaca, 1819; Venezuela and Ecuador withdrew from confederation, 1830; name changed to 'United States of Colombia,' 1861; constant revolutions.

=Colorado=, U.S. 39N. 105W. Explored by Vasquez de Coronado, 1540; Pike's Peak discovered by mountaineer of that name, 1806; Frémont in, during his expedition over the Rocky Mountains, 1842-4; organised as a territory, 1861; sided with Federals in Civil W.; admitted to Union, 1876.

=Colorado River=, Colorado, N. America. 34N. 114W. Discovered by Hernando Alarçon on his expedition to California, 1540; explored last century by Yves, White, and Powell.

=Columbia=, Tennessee. 35N. 86W. Battle of Duck Run, and earlier encounter, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Columbia=, S. Carolina. 34N. 80W. Taken and burnt by Gen. Sherman, 1865 (Civil W.).

=Columbia=, river, Oregon. 46N. 124W. Discovered by Capt. Grey, 1792; the same year Lieut. Broughton, under directions from Vancouver, sailed up; later explorations by Lewis and Clarke, 1805; navigation of granted to England by treaty, 1846.

=Columbia University=, New York. Originally King's College, chartered, 1754; Columbia College, 1784; University, 1896.

=Concepcion=, town, Chili. 36S. 73W. F. by Valdivia, 1550. (See account of earthquake, Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.')

=Concord=, Mass. 42N. 71W. First battle fought during W. of Ind. was at Lexington (six miles off) and Concord, 1775 (see Emerson's hymn to the 'embattled' farmers). Sleepy Hollow and Walden Pond are both near. Res. and burial-place of Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, who was also born here (1817-62); Hawthorne wrote his 'Mosses from an Old Manse' in Emerson's house; other literary names are ass. this place, which has been called the American Weimar.

=Conestoga=, Pennsylvania. Indians at massacred by the 'Paxton boys,' 1763. (Parkman, 'Pontiac,' op. cit.)

=Connecticut=, U.S. 41N. 72W. One of the thirteen original North-American states; discovered by Dutch, 1613; Dutch in possession of valley till 1635-6, when English settled in; war with the Pequods, 1636; Windsor settled, 1637; charter granted to by Charles II. (1662) secreted in 'Charter Oak' to preserve it from James II.'s envoy, 1687-8; became independent, 1776.

=Contreras=, Mexico. 19N. 99W. American victory over Mexicans under Santa Ana, 1847 (Mex. W.).

=Copan=, on river of name, Honduras. 14N. 89W. Gigantic remains of ancient temple and pyramids.

=Cordoba=, cap. province, Argentina. 31S. 63W. F. by Jerome Cabrera, 1573.

=Corinth=, Mississippi. 35N. 88W. Confederates forced to evacuate, 1862; later the same year they were defeated in the battle of Oct. 3-4.

=Coronation Gulf=, Arctic Ocean. 68N. 110-116W. Reached by Sir J. Franklin, 1821.

=Corrientes=, Argentina. 38S. 57W. Three days' naval fight between Garibaldi, on behalf of the Montevideans, and Admiral Brown, commander of Rosas' fleet, 1846.

=Costa Rica=, Republic of, Cent. A. 10N. 84W. East coast discovered by Columbus, 1502; west coast reached by Espinoza about 1514; early Spanish colonies, and final conquest of country by Coronado, 1561-5; Indians rise along the Atlantic coast and win their independence, 1709; independent state since 1821; part of Confederation of Cent. A., 1824-9; constitution promulgated, 1870.

=Cotopaxi=, volcano, Ecuador, 0S. 78W. The earliest recorded eruption took place during Pizarro's invasion; the first complete ascent was made by Dr. Reiss, 1872.

=Cowpens=, near Spartanburg, S. Carolina. 34N. 81W. English under Tarleton defeated by Morgan. 1781 (W. of Ind.).

=Cozumel=, island, Yucatan. 20N. 87W. Cortés and his forces land on, 1519.

=Crampton's Gap=, near Barkittsville, Maryland. 39N. 77W. Battle of South Mountain fought at, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Crosskeys=, Virginia. 38N. 78W. Indecisive action between 'Stonewall' Jackson and the Federals, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Crown Point=, Lake Champlain. 43N. 73W. English caught in ambuscade near, and Indian King Hendrick killed; French under Dieskau, who was taken prisoner, finally forced to fall back on Crown Point, 1755; captured by English under Amherst, 1759.

=Cuba=, island, W. Indies. 21N. 79W. Discovered by Columbus, who named it Guana, 1492; further explored by, 1494; Ocampo off coast, 1508; Ojeda stranded on, 1509-10; final conquest of by Velasquez, 1511; De Soto made captain-general, 1537; Hawkins off, 1564-5; taken by English, 1762, and restored to Spain by Treaty of Paris, 1763; Black Eagle rebellion, 1829; insurrection of blacks, 1844; further rebellion against Spain, 1868-78; further revolution, 1895; autonomy granted to, 1897; the 'Maine' blown up, 1898; armed intervention of U.S. and liberation of island from Spanish rule, 1898; control of island formally transferred to Cuban Government, 1902; insurrection, 1906, and provisional government of U.S. till 1909.

=Cuernavaca=, Mexico. 19N. 99W. Remains of palace and church built by Cortés.

=Cumana=, Venezuela. 10N. 64W. Destroyed and inhabitants massacred by Royalist Gen. Boves, 1814 (S. A. W. Ind.).

=Cumberland Bay=, N.A. 64N. 65W. Davis in, 1585.

=Cummington=, Mass. 42N. 72W. Bp. of William Cullen Bryant, poet (1794-1878).

=Curaçao=, island, Antilles. 12N. 69W. Discovered by Ojeda, 1499; Spanish settlement on, 1527; in Dutch possession since 1632; taken by English during continental wars and restored to Dutch by Treaty of London, 1814.

=Curiana= (or Pearls), Gulf of, Nicaragua. Discovered by Ojeda, 1499.

=Cuttyhunk=, island, Buzzard's Bay, Mass. English colony under Gosnold on, 1602.

=Cuzco=, the 'Holy City,' Peru. 13S. 72W. F. by Manco Capac, 11th century; ancient res. and burial-place of the Incas, and site of famous Temple of the Sun, now occupied by a Dominican convent; its buildings despoiled by Pizarro's emissaries to complete the Inca's ransom, 1532; entered by Pizarro as conqueror, 1533; besieged and burnt by Peruvians, 1535; Almagro, Pizarro's rival, makes himself master, 1537; Hernano Pizarro enters as victor, and Almagro executed, 1538; Francesco Pizarro again in, 1538; the younger Almagro in power for a while and executed by Vaca de Castro, 1542; insurrection under Gonzalo Pizarro, 1544; won back for the crown by Centeno, 1547; return of F. Pizarro after victory of Huarina, 1547; Gonzalo Pizarro executed, 1548; remains of gigantic fortress and other Peruvian relics. Bp. of Garcilasso de la Vega, historian of Peru (1539, d. after 1617). (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op. cit.)

=Dakota, N. and S.= 42N. 97W. Gold-fields in; Pembina f. by French, 1780; Sioux Falls by Americans, 1857; uprising of Sioux Indians, 1862; campaign against and destruction of Custer's force, 1876; re-rising, death of Sitting Bull, and final suppression of, 1890; admitted to Union, 1889.

=Dallas=, Georgia. 34N. 84W. Federals defeated, May 25, Confederates, May 28, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Dalton=, Georgia. 34N. 84W. Confederates forced to evacuate, 1864.

=Danbury=, Connecticut. 41W. 73N. Burnt by Governor Tryon, 1777 (W. of Ind.).

=Darien Isthmus=, S. America. 9N. 89W. Bastidas and Columbus off (see Panama); F. Pizarro reached, 1509; crossed by Nuñez de Balboa, who was the first European to sight the Pacific, 1513; by Drake, 1572; Scottish settlement on (New Caledonia) forced to evacuate by Spaniards, 1698-9; treaty conferring right on U.S. of constructing canal across, 1869. (See sonnet by Keats.)

=Darwin Sound, and Mount Darwin=, King Charles's South Land, Tierra del Fuego. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.')

=Davis Strait=, N.A. 65N. 57W. Named after the explorer who discovered it in 1585.

=Deerfield=, Mass. 42N. 72W. Attacked by Indians and saved by the fugitive regicide, Colonel Goffe, 1674; sc. destruction and massacre by French and Indians, 1704.

=Delaware=, U.S. 38N. 75W. One of the 13 original states; bay discovered by Hudson, 1609; first entered by Lord de la Warr, 1610; Dutch colony settled in, 1631; Wilmington settled by Swedes, 1638; latter driven out by Dutch, who were succeeded by English, 1655, 1664; Penn became proprietor, 1683; declared an independent state, 1776; first of the 13 states to ratify the Federal constitution.

=Delaware River.= 40N. 74W. Passage of, by Washington, 1776.

=Demerara=, British Guiana, S.A. 6N. 57W. Colonised by Dutch, 1580; taken by the English, 1796 and 1803; finally surrendered to England, 1814.

=Detroit=, Michigan. 42N. 83W. In possession of French in 17th century; colony planted by Cadillac, 1701; taken by the English under Rogers, 1760; six months' siege by Pontiac, finally relieved by Col. Bradstreet, 1763-4; Americans in possession, 1796; surrendered to British, 1812; finally ceded to America, 1813. (See Parkman, 'Conspiracy of Pontiac.')

=Dismal Swamp=, Virginia and N. Carolina. 36N. 76W. Former hiding-place of runaway slaves. (See poems, Longfellow and Moore.)

=Dominica=, W. Indies. 15N. 61W. Discovered by Columbus on a Sunday (hence its name) in 1493; Sir J. Hawkins at, 1565, 1568; taken by English, 1761, and ceded to them by Treaty of Paris, 1763; taken by French and restored to England, 1770, 1783; attempts by French on, 1795 and 1805; negro insurrection, 1802.

=Dominican Republic=, see Santo Domingo.

=Dorchester=, near Boston, Mass. 42N. 71W. Bp. of J. Lothrop Motley, historian (1814-77).

=Dranesville=, Fairfax Co., Virginia. 38N. 76W. Confederates defeated, 1861 (Civil W.).

=Durango= (Ciudad de Victoria, or Guadiana), Mexico. 24N. 104W. F. by Velasco, 1559.

=Dustin's Island=, Merrimac River, near Concord, N.H. 42N. 71W. So called from Hannah Dustin, who escaped with her two companions from the Indians, after killing and scalping their captors, 1697.

=Duxbury=, Mass. 42N. 70W. Ocean telegraph from Brest terminates at this point; here died in 1687 John Alden, one of the Pilgrim Fathers, commemorated by Longfellow in his 'Courtship of Miles Standish.'

=Easter Island= (Davis's Land), Pacific. 27S. 109W. Discovered by Davis, 1686; Roggewein at, 1722; Cook at, 1774.

=Eastport=, Moose Island, Passamaquoddy Bay. 45N. 67W. Surrendered to British squadron, 1814.

=East Windsor=, Conn. 41N. 72W. Bp. Jonathan Edwards, theologian (1703-58), and of Lorrin Andrews, missionary and Hawaiian scholar (1795-1868).

=Eatonton=, Georgia. 33N. 83W. Bp. of Joel Chandler Harris, A. of 'Uncle Remus,' etc. (1848-1908).

=Econochaca= (or Holy Ground), Alabama River, Lourdes Co., Miss. 31N. 88W. Indians surprised and scattered by Gen. Claiborne, 1813 (W. with Creek Indians).

=Ecuador= (Equator), S.A. 2S. 78W. Part of the Inca's territory conquered by Pizarro in the 16th century; it formed part of the presidency of Quito; first revolt against Spanish rule in 1809; finally liberated after defeat of Spaniards at Pichincha, 1822; became part of Colombia, and finally separated as an independent republic under its present name, 1830; continual civil war in after this; the dictator Moreno assassinated at Quito, 1875; frequent revolutions since.

=El Caney=, near Santiago, Cuba. 20N. 76W. Defended by Vera de Rey against Americans, victory of latter and death of Spanish commander (Spanish-American W.), 1898.

=El Molino del Rey=, capture of, see Chapultepec.

=Emucfau=, Alabama. 32N. 85W. Fierce encounter near, between Jackson and Creek Indians, 1814.

=Erie Canal=, running 363 miles between Buffalo and Albany, connecting the upper lakes and Hudson river, completed, 1825.

=Erie, Lake=, 42N. 81W. Heavy defeat of British by Commander Perry in Put-in Bay, 1813.

=Esopus=, near Kingston, N.Y. 41N. 73W. Warfare between Dutch and Indians known as the 'Esopus War,' 1655-64.

=Espanola=, see Haiti.

=Essequibo=, British Guiana, S.A. 5N. 58W. Colonised by Dutch, 1580; taken by the English, 1796 and 1803; finally surrendered to England, 1814.

=Essequibo=, river (mouth of), 7N. 58W. Discovered by Pinzon, 1499.

=Eutaw Springs=, Charleston Co., S. Carolina. 53N. 80W. The battle was indecisive; the Americans under Greene gained a complete victory over the English under Stuart during the first great conflict, but were forced to give way during a renewed fight of some hours, 1781 (W. of Ind.).

=Exeter=, New Hampshire. 42N. 71W. English colony settled at, 1638.

=Fair Oaks= (or Seven Pines), on the Chickahominy. 37N. 77W. One of the series of battles known as the 'Seven days of Richmond.' The Confederates after gaining considerable advantage over enemy were finally driven back, May 31-June 1, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Falkland Islands=, S. Atlantic. 52S. 60W. Discovered by Davis, 1592; Hawkins off, 1594; the present name was given first to the sound by John Strong, captain, in 1690; in 1710 they were christened Malonines by French from St. Malo; finally, after various countries had established settlements in, it passed, 1833, into English possession, and is one of the crown colonies; Darwin on (see 'Voyage of the Beagle').

=Farmville=, Virginia. 37N. 78W. Confederates under Lee defeated by Sheridan, 1865 (Civil W.).

=Fayette=, Missouri. 38N. 92W. Indecisive action between Federals and Confederates, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Fayetteville=, N. Carolina. 35N. 78W. Surrendered to Confederates, 1861; retaken by Gen. Sherman, 1865 (Civil W.).

=Filbert Island= (Isle aux Condres), St. Lawrence. 47N. 70W. So named by Cartier, 1535.

=Fire Island Beach=, Long Island, N.Y. 40N. 73W. Margaret Fuller (Marchioness d'Ossoli) and her husband and child drowned off, 1850.

=Fisher's Hill=, near Woodstock, Virginia. 38N. 78W. Confederates defeated by Sheridan, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Five Forks=, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Defeat of Confederates under Lee, March 31-April 1, 1865.

=Florida=, U.S. 29N. 82W. The Cabots off, during voyage, 1498-9; discovered and named by Ponce de Leon, who landed on Palm Sunday (Pascua Florida), 1513; expedition to, under Pineda, 1519; disastrous expedition to, under Narvaez, 1528; colonising expedition to, under De Soto, 1539; expeditions sent to by Coligny, 1562, 1564 (see Fort Caroline); St. Augustine f. by Spaniards, 1565, and taken by Drake, 1586; invasion of, under Oglethorpe, 1740; ceded to Great Britain by Treaty of Paris, 1763; invaded by Spaniards, 1779, and Pensacola seized by, 1781; restored to Spain by treaty, 1783; purchased by U.S., 1819, and transferred to, 1821; war with Seminole Indians, 1835-42; admitted to the Union, 1845; seceded, 1861; readmitted, 1868.

=Florida=, Missouri. 38N. 92W. Bp. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) (1835-1910).

=Fort Bowyer=, Mobile Bay. 30N. 87W. British fleet repulsed, 1814; besieged for two days and surrendered to English, 1815.

=Fort Carolina=, St John's R., Florida. 30N. 81W. Small Huguenot colony settled by Ribault, 1562; Laudonnière joins, 1564; attacked and massacred by Spaniards under Menendez, 1565; revenge taken on Spaniards by De Gourges, 1568.

=Fort Chambly=, St. Lawrence. 45N. 73W. Captured by Americans, 1775 (W. of Ind.).

=Forts Clinton and Montgomery=, Hudson R. 41N. 73W. Taken by Sir Henry Clinton's forces, 1777 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort Detroit= (see Detroit). Surrendered by Gen. Hull to the English, 1812.

=Fort Donelson=, near Dover, Tennessee. 36N. 87W. Surrendered by Confederates to Gen. Grant, 1862; attack on by, and repulse of, Confederates, 1863 (Civil W.).

=Fort Du Quesne=, Penn. 40N. 79W. Built by French on site of present city of Pittsburg, 1754; disastrous expedition against, under Braddock, 1755; taken by English and name changed to Fort Pitt (q.v.), 1758.

=Fort Erie=, Ontario. 42N. 78W. Bombarded by English, Aug. 7-15, when the bastion they had taken blew up; a sortie of the defenders, Sept. 17, finally left the victory to the Americans, 1814.

=Fort Fisher=, Wilmington, N. Carolina. 34N. 77W. Bombarded and captured by the Federals, 1865 (Civil W.).

=Fort Frontenac=, Lake Ontario. 44N. 76W. Garrison surrendered to English, 1758.

=Fort George=, see Lake George.

=Fort George=, Long Island. 40N. 73W. Garrison surrendered to Americans under Tallmadge, 1780 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort George=, Niagara. 43N. 79W. British garrison forced to retreat, 1813.

=Fort Harrison=, Richmond. 37N. 77W. Taken by Federals, and renamed Fort Burnham, in honour of the commander who fell, 1864; failure of Confederates under Lee to recapture later the same year (Civil W.).

=Fort Harrison=, near Terre Haute, Indiana. 39N. 87W. Attacked by Indians, under the instigation of "the Prophet," and with difficulty saved by the enfeebled garrison, 1812.

=Fort Henry=, Tennessee R. 36N. 87W. Surrendered by Confederates, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Fort Hindman=, Arkansas. 34N. 91W. Confederates surrender, 1863 (Civil W.).

=Fort Lee=, near Jersey City, N. Jersey. 40N. 74W. Narrow escape of Gen. Greene from English forces under Cornwallis, 1776 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort McHenry=, Whetstone Point, Baltimore. 39N. 76W. Heavily bombarded by Admiral Cochrane, who was forced to withdraw, 1814. (During the bombardment, F. Scott Key, who was in custody on an English vessel, wrote 'The Star-spangled Banner.')

=Fort Meigs=, Maumee R., Indiana. 41N. 85W. Besieged by British and Indians, who were forced to retire, 1813.

=Fort Mercer=, near Philadelphia. 39N. 74W. Fierce bombardment by British forces under Donop, who died of his wounds; the attack was a failure, 1777 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort Miami=, Maumee R., Indiana. 41N. 85W. Surrendered to Indians, 1763 (Pontiac W.).

=Fort Mifflin=, opposite Fort Mercer (q.v.). Besieged by British for six days, when the remainder of defenders escaped, 1777.

=Fort Mims=, near junction of Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers. 31N. 87W. Slaughter of men, women, and children by Indians, under the chief Weathersford, during the rising of Tecumseh and his brother the prophet, 1812.

=Fort Montgomery=, see Fort Clinton.

=Fort Moultrie=, Sullivan Island, S. Carolina. 32N. 79W. Unsuccessfully assaulted by English fleet under Sir Peter Parker, 1776 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort Necessity=, Monongahela R. 39N. 78W. Surrendered by Washington, 1754; a previous encounter near was the first blood shed in French and Indian war.

=Fort Niagara=, Lake Ontario. 43N. 79W. Begun by La Salle, 1673; strongly fortified by French, 1725; taken by English, 1759; concourse of Indians at, 1764; seized by English and part of garrison massacred, 1813.

=Fort Ouatanon=, near Lafayette, Wabash R. 40N. 86W. Taken by Indians, 1763. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac.')

=Fort St Philip=, Mississippi R. 29N. 89W. Fierce naval battle near, ending in victory to the Federals, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Fort Pillow=, near Memphis, Tennessee. 35N. 89W. Taken, and garrison massacred, by Gen. Forrest, Confederate leader, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Fort Pitt.= Name given to Fort Du Quesne (q.v.) after it fell into the hands of the English, 1758; saved from Pontiac's assault by Col. Bouquet, 1763. (See Parkman, op. cit.)

=Fort Pulaski=, Savannah R. 32N. 80W. Taken by Federals, 1862 (Civil W.).

=Fort Schuyler= (on site of village of Rome), Oneida Co., N.Y. 43N. 75W. Taken by English and Indian allies, 1779 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort Spring Hill=, Richmond. 37N. 77W. Carried by the Federals, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Fort Sumter=, see Charleston.

=Fort Ticonderoga=, see under T.

=Fort Wagner=, Charleston, S. Carolina. 32N. 79W. Assault on by Federals, 1863 (Civil W.).

=Fort Washington=, Manhattan Island, N.Y. 40N. 74W. Captured by the English, 1776 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort Watson=, Santee R., near Camden. 34N. 80W. Capitulation of English, 1781 (W. of Ind.).

=Fort Wayne=, Maumee R., Indiana. 41N. 85W. Repulse of attack on by English and Indian allies, 1812.

=Fort William and Mary=, Newcastle, Portsmouth Harbour. 43N. 70W. Attack on and seizure of ammunition by patriots under Sullivan, 1774.

=Fort William Henry=, Lake George. 43N. 73W. Taken by Montcalm, and English garrison massacred by the Indian allies, 1757. (See Louisburg.)

=Franklin=, Tennessee. 35N. 86W. Fierce battle ending in defeat of the Confederates, 1864 (Civil W.).

=Franklin= (formerly included in Salisbury), N. Hampshire. 43N. 71W. Bp. Daniel Webster, orator (1782-1852).

=Frazier's Farm=, near Richmond. 37N. 77W. One of the fierce battles fought near Richmond. Confederates finally driven back (also known as battle of Glendale), 1862.

=Frederica=, Georgia 31N. 81W. Spanish attack on repulsed by Oglethorpe, 1742.

=Frederick=, Frederick Co., Maryland. 39N. 77W. Sc. Barbara Frietchie's patriotic courage in continuing to wave the Union flag, 1862. (See poem by Whittier.)

=Frederick Co.=, Maryland. Bp. Francis Scott Key, A. of 'The Star spangled Banner' (1779-1843).