Chapter 6

'Parthenophil' in May 1593; four sonnets to 'Sir Philip Sidney's soul,' prefixed to the first edition of Sidney's 'Apologie for Poetrie' (1595); seventeen sonnets which were originally prefixed to the first edition of Spenser's 'Faerie Queene,' bk. i.-iii., in 1590, and were reprinted in the edition of 1596; {440} sixty sonnets to peers, peeresses, and officers of state, appended to Henry Locke's (or Lok's) 'Ecclesiasticus' (1597); forty sonnets by Joshua Sylvester addressed to Henry IV of France 'upon the late miraculous peace in Fraunce' (1599); Sir John Davies's series of twenty-six octosyllabic sonnets, which he entitled 'Hymnes of Astraea,' all extravagantly eulogising Queen Elizabeth (1599).

III. Sonnets on philosophy and religion.

The collected sonnets on religion and philosophy that appeared in the period 1591-7 include sixteen 'Spirituall Sonnettes to the honour of God and Hys Saynts,' written by Constable about 1593, and circulated only in manuscript; these were first printed from a manuscript in the Harleian collection (5993) by Thomas Park in 'Heliconia,' 1815, vol. ii. In 1595 Barnabe Barnes published a 'Divine Centurie of Spirituall Sonnets,' and, in dedicating the collection to Toby Matthew, bishop of Durham, mentions that they were written a year before, while travelling in France. They are closely modelled on the two series of 'Sonnets Spirituels' which the Abbe Jacques de Billy published in Paris in 1573 and 1578 respectively. A long series of 'Sonnets Spirituels' written by Anne de Marquets, a sister of the Dominican Order, who died at Poissy in 1598, was first published in Paris in 1605. In 1594 George Chapman published ten sonnets in praise of philosophy, which he entitled 'A Coronet for his Mistress Philosophy.' In the opening poem he states that his aim was to dissuade poets from singing in sonnets 'Love's Sensual Empery.' In 1597 Henry Locke (or Lok) appended to his verse-rendering of Ecclesiastes {441a} a collection of 'Sundrie Sonets of Christian Passions, with other Affectionate Sonets of a Feeling Conscience.' Lok had in 1593 obtained a license to publish 'a hundred Sonnets on Meditation, Humiliation, and Prayer,' but that work is not extant. In the volume of 1597 his sonnets on religious or philosophical themes number no fewer than three hundred and twenty-eight. {441b}

Thus in the total of sonnets published between 1591 and 1597 must be included at least five hundred sonnets addressed to patrons, and as many on philosophy and religion. The aggregate far exceeds two thousand.

X.--BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON THE SONNET IN FRANCE, 1550-1600.

Ronsard (1524-1585) and 'La Pleiade.' Desportes (1546-1606).

In the earlier years of the sixteenth century Melin de Saint-Gelais (1487-1558) and Clement Marot (1496-1544) made a few scattered efforts at sonnetteering in France; and Maurice Seve laid down the lines of all sonnet-sequences on themes of love in his dixains entitled 'Delie' (1544). But it was Ronsard (1524-1585), in the second half of the century, who first gave the sonnet a pronounced vogue in France. The sonnet was handled with the utmost assiduity not only by Ronsard, but by all the literary comrades whom he gathered round him, and on whom he bestowed the title of 'La Pleiade.' The leading aim that united Ronsard and his friends was the re-formation of the French language and literature on classical models. But they assimilated and naturalised in France not only much that was admirable in Latin and Greek poetry, {442a} but all that was best in the recent Italian literature. {442b} Although they were learned poets, Ronsard and the majority of his associates had a natural lyric vein, which gave their poetry the charms of freshness and spontaneity. The true members of 'La Pleiade,' according to Ronsard's own statement, were, besides himself, Joachim du Bellay (1524-1560); Estienne Jodelle (1532-1573); Remy Belleau (1528-1577); Jean Dinemandy, usually known as Daurat or Dorat (1508-1588), Ronsard's classical teacher in early life; Jean-Antoine de Baif (1532-1589); and Ponthus de Thyard (1521-1605). Others of Ronsard's literary allies are often loosely reckoned among the 'Pleiade.' These writers include Jean de la Peruse (1529-1554), Olivier de Magny (1530-1559), Amadis Jamyn (1538?-1585), Jean Passerat (1534-1602), Philippe Desportes (1546-1606), Estienne Pasquier (1529-1615), Scevole de Sainte-Marthe (1536-1623), and Jean Bertaut (1552-1611). These subordinate members of the 'Pleiade' were no less devoted to sonnetteering than the original members. Of those in this second rank, Desportes was most popular in France as well as in England. Although many of Desportes's sonnets are graceful in thought and melodious in rhythm, most of them abound in overstrained conceits. Not only was Desportes a more slavish imitator of Petrarch than the members of the 'Pleiade,' but he encouraged numerous disciples to practise 'Petrarchism,' as the imitation of Petrarch was called, beyond healthful limits. Under the influence of Desportes the French sonnet became, during the latest years of the sixteenth century, little more than an empty and fantastic echo of the Italian.

Chief collections of French sonnets published between 1550 and 1584.

The following statistics will enable the reader to realise how closely the sonnetteering movement in France adumbrated that in England. The collective edition in 1584 of the works of Ronsard, the master of the 'Pleiade,' contains more than nine hundred separate sonnets arranged under such titles as 'Amours de Cassandre,' 'Amours de Marie,' 'Amours pour Astree,' 'Amours pour Helene;' besides 'Amours Divers' and 'Sonnets Divers,' complimentary addresses to friends and patrons. Du Bellay's 'Olive,' a collection of love sonnets, first published in 1549, reached a total of a hundred and fifteen. 'Les Regrets,' Du Bellay's sonnets on general topics, some of which Edmund Spenser first translated into English, numbered in the edition of 1565 a hundred and eighty-three. De Baif published two long series of sonnets, entitled respectively 'Les Amours de Meline' (1552) and 'Les Amours de Francine' (1555). Amadis Jamyn was responsible for 'Les Amours d'Oriane,' 'Les Amours de Calliree,' and 'Les Amours d'Artemis' (1575). Desportes's 'Premieres OEuvres' (1575), a very popular book in England, included more than three hundred sonnets--a hundred and fifty being addressed to Diane, eighty-six to Hippolyte, and ninety-one to Cleonice. Ponthus de Thyard produced between 1549 and 1555 three series of his 'Erreurs Amoureuses,' sonnets addressed to Pasithee, and Belleau brought out a volume of 'Amours' in 1576.

Minor collections of French sonnets published between 1553 and 1605.

Among other collections of sonnets published by less known writers of the period, and arranged here according to date of first publication, were those of Guillaume des Autels, 'Amoureux Repos' (1553); Olivier de Magny, 'Amours, Soupirs,' &c. (1553, 1559); Louise Labe, 'OEuvres' (1555); Jacques Tahureau, 'Odes, Sonnets,' &c. (1554, 1574); Claude de Billet, 'Amalthee,' a hundred and twenty-eight love sonnets (1561); Vauquelin de la Fresnaye, 'Foresteries' (1555 et annis seq.); Jacques Grevin, 'Olympe' (1561); Nicolas Ellain, 'Sonnets' (1561); Scevole de Sainte-Marthe, 'OEuvres Francaises' (1569, 1579); Estienne de la Boetie, 'OEuvres' (1572), and twenty-nine sonnets published with Montaigne's 'Essais' (1580); Jean et Jacques de la Taille, 'OEuvres' (1573); Jacques de Billy, 'Sonnets Spirituels' (first series 1573, second series 1578); Estienne Jodelle 'OEuvres Poetiques' (1574); Claude de Pontoux, 'Sonnets de l'Idee' (1579); Les Dames des Roches, 'OEuvres' (1579, 1584); Pierre de Brach, 'Amours d'Aymee' (_circa_ 1580); Gilles Durant, 'Poesies'--sonnets to Charlotte and Camille (1587, 1594); Jean Passerat, 'Vers . . . d'Amours' (1597); and Anne de Marquet, who died in 1588, 'Sonnets Spirituels' (1605). {445}

INDEX.

A

Abbey, Mr. E. A., 342

Abbott, Dr. E. A., 364

Actor, Shakespeare as an, 43-45 _See also_ Roles, Shakespeare's

Actors: entertained for the first time at Stratford-on-Avon, 10 return of the two chief companies to London in 1587, 33 the players' licensing Act of Queen Elizabeth, 34 companies of boy actors, 34 35 38 213 companies of adult actors in 1587, 35 the patronage of the company which was joined by Shakespeare, 35 36 women's parts played by men or boys, 38 and _n_ 2 tours in the provinces, 39-42 foreign tours, 42 Shakespeare's alleged scorn of their calling, 44 45 'advice' to actors in _Hamlet_, 45 their incomes, 198 199 and _n_ 2, 201 the strife between adult actors and boy actors, 213-17 221 patronage of actors by King James, 232 and _n_ 2 substitution of women for boys in female parts, 334 335

Adam, in _As You Like It_, played by Shakespeare, 44

Adaptations by Shakespeare of old plays, 56

Adaptations of Shakespeare's plays at the Restoration, 331 332

Adulation, extravagance of, in the days of Queen Elizabeth, 137 138 and _n_ 2

AEschylus, Hamlet's 'sea of troubles' paralleled in the _Persae_ of, 13 _n_ resemblance between Lady Macbeth and Clytemnestra in the _Agamemnon_ of, 13 _n_

AEsthetic school of Shakespearean criticism, 333

Alexander, Sir William, sonnets by, 438

Alleyn, Edward, manages the amalgamated companies of the Admiral and Lord Strange, 37 pays fivepence for the pirated Sonnets, 90 _n_ his large savings, 204

Allot, Robert, 312

_All's Well that Ends Well_: the sonnet form of a letter of Helen, 84 probable date of production, 162 plot drawn from Painter's 'Palace of Pleasure,' 163 probably identical with _Love's Labour's Won_, 162 chief characters, 163 its resemblance to the _Two Gentlemen of Verona_, 163 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

America, enthusiasm for Shakespeare in, 341 342 copies of the First Folio in, 308 310 _n_

Amner, Rev. Richard, 321

'Amoretti,' Spenser's, 115 435 and _n_ 5, 436

'Amours' by 'J. D.,' 390 and _n_

_Amphitruo_ of Plautus, the, and a scene in _The Comedy of Errors_, 54

'Amyntas,' complimentary title of, 385 _n_ 2

Angelo, Michael, 'dedicatory' sonnets of, 138 _n_

'Anthia and Abrocomas,' by Xenophon Ephesius, and the story of Romeo and Juliet, 55 _n_

_Antony and Cleopatra_: allusion to the part of Cleopatra being played by a boy, 39 _n_ the youthfulness of Octavius Caesar, 143 _n_ 2 the longest of the poet's plays, 224 date of entry in the 'Stationers' Registers,' 244 date of publication, 245 the story derived from Plutarch, 245 the 'happy valiancy' of the style, 245 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Apollonius and Silla_, _Historie of_, 210

'Apologie for Poetrie,' Sidney's, allusion to the conceit of the immortalising power of verse in, 114 on the adulation of patrons, 138

'Apology for Actors,' Heywood's, 182

Apsley, William, bookseller, 90 304 312

'Arcadia,' Sidney's, 88 _n_, 241 and _n_ 2, 429

Arden family, of Warwickshire, 6 191

Arden family, of Alvanley, 192

Arden, Alice, 7

Arden, Edward, executed for complicity in a Popish plot, 6

Arden, Joan, 12

Arden, Mary. See Shakespeare, Mary

Arden, Robert (1), sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire in 1438, 6

Arden, Robert (2), landlord at Snitterfield of Richard Shakespeare, 3 6 marriage of his daughter Mary to John Shakespeare, 6 7 his family and second marriage, 6 his property and will, 7

Arden, Thomas, grandfather of Shakespeare's mother, 6

_Arden of Feversham_, a play of uncertain authorship, 71

Ariel, character of, 256

_Ariodante and Ginevra_, _Historie of_, 208

Ariosto, _I Suppositi_ of, 164 _Orlando Furioso_ of, and _Much Ado about Nothing_, 208

Aristotle, quotation from, made by both Shakespeare and Bacon 370 _n_

Armado, in _Love's Labour's Lost_ 51 _n_, 62

Armenian language, translation of Shakespeare in the, 354

Arms, coat of, Shakespeare's, 189 190 191 193

Arms, College of, applications of the poet's father to, 2 10 _n_, 188-92

Arne, Dr., 334

Arnold, Matthew, 327 _n_ 1

Art in England, its indebtedness to Shakespeare, 340 341

_As You Like It_: allusion to the part of Rosalind being played by a boy, 38 _n_ 2 ridicule of foreign travel, 42 _n_ 2 acknowledgments to Marlowe (III. v. 8), 64 adapted from Lodge's 'Rosalynde,' 209 addition of three new characters, 209 hints taken from 'Saviolo's Practise,' 209 its pastoral character, 209 said to have been performed before King James at Wilton, 232 _n_ 1 411 _n_. _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Asbies, the chief property of Robert Arden at Wilmcote, bequeathed to Shakespeare's mother, 7 mortgaged to Edmund Lambert, 12 proposal to confer on John Lambert an absolute title to the property, 26 Shakespeare's endeavour to recover, 195

Ashbee, Mr. E. W., 302 _n_

Assimilation, literary, Shakespeare's power of, 61 109 _seq._

Aston Cantlowe, 6 place of the marriage of Shakespeare's parents, 7

'Astrophel,' apostrophe to Sidney in Spenser's, 143 _n_ 2

'Astrophel and Stella,' 83 the metre of, 95 _n_ 2 address to Cupid, 97 _n_ the praise of 'blackness' in, 119 and _n_ 153 _n_ 1 editions of, 428 429

Aubrey, John, the poet's early biographer, on John Shakespeare's trade, 4 on the poet's knowledge of Latin, 16 on John Shakespeare's relations with the trade of butcher, 18 on the poet at Grendon, 31 lines quoted by him on John Combe, 269 _n_ on Shakespeare's genial disposition, 278 value of his biography of the poet, 362 his ignorance of any relation between Shakespeare and the Earl of Pembroke, 414 415

'Aurora,' title of Sir W. Alexander's collection of sonnets, 438 Autobiographical features of Shakespeare's plays, 164-7 168 248 of Shakespeare's sonnets, the question of, 100 109 125 152 160

Autographs of the poet, 284-6

'Avisa,' heroine of Willobie's poem, 155 _seq_

Ayrer, Jacob, his _Die schone Sidea_, 253 and _n_ 1

Ayscough, Samuel, 364 _n_

B

Bacon, Miss Delia, 371

Bacon Society, 372

Bacon-Shakespeare controversy, (Appendix II.), 370-73

Baddesley Clinton, the Shakespeares of, 3

Baif, De, plagiarised indirectly by Shakespeare, 111 and _n_ indebtedness of Daniel and others to, 431 432 one of 'La Pleiade,' 443 444

Bandello, the story of Romeo and Juliet by, 55 _n_ 1 the story of Hero and Claudio by, 208 the story of Twelfth Night by, 210

Barante, recognition of the greatness of Shakespeare by, 350

Barnard, Sir John, second husband of the poet's granddaughter Elizabeth, 282

Barnes, Barnabe, legal terminology in his Sonnets, 32 _n_ 2 and (Appendix IX.) 432 use of the word 'wire,' 118 _n_ 2 his sonnets of vituperation, 121 the probable rival of Shakespeare for Southampton's favour, 131 132 133 135 _n_ his sonnets, 132 133 432 called 'Petrarch's scholar' by Churchyard, 133 expressions in his sonnet (xlix.) adopted by Shakespeare, 152 _n_ sonnet to Lady Bridget Manners, 379 _n_ sonnet to Southampton's eyes, 384 compliment to Sidney in Sonnet xcv. 432 Sonnet lxvi. ('Ah, sweet Content') _quoted_, 432 his sonnets to patrons, 440 his religious sonnets, 441

Barnfield, Richard, feigning old age in his 'Affectionate Shepherd,' 86 _n_ his adulation of Queen Elizabeth in 'Cynthia,' 137 _n_, 435 sonnets addressed to 'Ganymede,' 138 _n_ 2, 435 predicts immortality for Shakespeare, 179 chief author of the 'Passionate Pilgrim,' 182 and _n_

_Bartholomew Fair_, 255

Bartlett, John, 364

Barton collection of Shakespeareana at Boston, Mass., 341

Barton-on-the-Heath, 12 identical with the 'Burton' in the _Taming of the Shrew_, 164

Bathurst, Charles, on Shakespeare's versification, 49 _n_

Baynes, Thomas Spencer, 365

Beale, Francis, 389

'Bear Garden in Southwark, The,' the poet's lodgings near, 38

Bearley, 6

Beaumont, Francis, on 'things done at the Mermaid,' 177

Beaumont, Sir John, 388

Bedford, Edward Russell, third Earl of: his marriage to Lucy Harington, 161

Bedford, Lucy, Countess of, 138 _n_ 2, 161

Beeston, William (a seventeenth-century actor), on the report that Shakespeare was a schoolmaster, 29 on the poet's acting, 43

Bellay, Joachim du, Spenser's translations of some of his sonnets, 101 105 _n_, 432 436 443 444

Belleau, Remy, poems and sonnets by, 441 _n_ 1, 444 445 _n_

Belleforest (Francois de), Shakespeare's indebtedness to the 'Histoires Tragiques' of, 14 55 _n_ 1, 208 222

Benda, J. W. 0., German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

Benedick and his 'halting sonnet,' 108 208

Benedix, J. R., opposition to Shakespearean worship by, 345

Bentley, R., 313

Berlioz, Hector, 351

Bermudas, the, and _The Tempest_, 252

Berners, Lord, translation of 'Huon of Bordeaux' by, 162

Bernhardt, Madame Sarah, 351

Bertaut, Jean, 443

Betterton, Mrs., 335

Betterton, Thomas, 33 332 334 335 362

Bianca and her lovers, story of, partly drawn from the 'Supposes' of George Gascoigne, 164

Bible, the, Shakespeare and, 16 17 and _n_ 1

Bibliography of Shakespeare, 299-325

Bensley, Robert, actor, 338

Bidford, near Stratford, legend of a drinking bout at, 271

Biography of the poet, sources of (Appendix I.), 361-5

Birmingham, memorial Shakespeare library at, 298

Biron, in _Love's Labour's Lost_, 51 and _n_

_Birth of Merlin_, 181

Birthplace, Shakespeare's, 8 9

'Bisson,' use of the word, 317

Blackfriars Shakespeare's purchase of property in, 267

Blackfriars Theatre, built by James Burbage (1596), 38 200 leased to 'the Queen's Children of the Chapel,' 38 202 213 occupied by Shakespeare's company, 38 litigation of Burbage's heirs, 200 Shakespeare's interest in, 201 202 shareholders in, 202 Shakespeare's disposal of his shares in, 264

'Blackness,' Shakespeare's praise of, 118-120 cf. 155

Blades, William, 364

_Blind Beggar of Alexandria_, Chapman's, 51 _n_

Blount, Edward, publisher, 92 135 _n_, 183 244 304 305 312 393 394 and _n_ 1

Boaistuau de Launay (Pierre) translates Bandello's story of _Romeo and Juliet_, 51 _n_

Boaden, James, 406 _n_

Boar's Head Tavern, 170

Boas, Mr. F. S., 365

Boccaccio, Shakespeare's indebtedness to, 163 249 251 and _n_ 2

Bodenstedt, Friedrich von, German translator of Shakespeare, 344

Bohemia, allotted a seashore in _Winter's Tale_, 251 translations of Shakespeare in, 354

Boiardo, 243

Bond against impediments respecting Shakespeare's marriage, 20 21

Bonian, Richard, printer, 226

Booth, Barton, actor, 335

Booth, Edwin, 342

Booth, Junius Brutus, 342

Booth, Lionel, 311

Borck, Baron C. W. von, translation of _Julius Caesar_ into German by, 343

Boswell, James, 334

Boswell, James (the younger), 322 405 _n_

Boswell-Stone, Mr. W. G. 364

Bottger, A., German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

Boy-actors, 34 35 38 the strife between adult actors and, 213-217

Boydell, John, his scheme for illustrating the work of the poet, 341

Bracebridge, C. H., 364

Brach, Pierre de, his sonnet on Sleep echoed in Daniel's Sonnet xlix., 101 and _n_ 1 431 445 _n_

Brandes, Mr. Georg, 365

Brassington, Mr. W. Salt, 290 _n_

Brathwaite, Richard, 269 _n_ 1, 388 398

Breton, Nicholas, homage paid to the Countess of Pembroke in his poems, 138 _n_ 2 his play on the words 'wit' and 'will,' 417

Brewster, E., 313

Bridgeman, Mr. C. 0., 415 _n_

Bright, James Heywood, 406 _n_

_Broken Heart_, Ford's, similarity of theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet cxxvi. to that of a song in, 97 _n_

Brooke or Broke, Arthur, his translation of the story of Romeo and Juliet, 55 322

Brooke, Ralph, complains about Shakespeare's coat-of-arms, 192 193

Brown, C. Armitage, 406 _n_

Brown, John, obtains a writ of distraint against Shakespeare's father, 12

Browne, William, love-sonnets by, 439 and _n_ 2

Buc, Sir George, 245

Buckingham, John Sheffield, first Duke of, a letter from King James to the poet said to have been in his possession, 231

Bucknill, Dr. John Charles, on the poet's medical knowledge, 364

Burbage, Cuthbert, 37 200

Burbage, James, owner of The Theatre and keeper of a livery stable, 33 36 erects the Blackfriars Theatre, 38

Burbage, Richard, erroneously assumed to have been a native of Stratford, 31 _n_ a lifelong friend of Shakespeare's, 36 demolishes The Theatre and builds the Globe Theatre, 37 200 performs, with Shakespeare and Kemp, before Queen Elizabeth at Greenwich Palace, 43 his impersonation of the King in _Richard III_, 63 litigation of his heirs respecting the Globe and the Blackfriars Theatres, 200 his income, 203 219 creates the title-part in Hamlet, 222 231 his reputation made by creating the leading parts in the poet's greatest tragedies, 264 265 anecdote of, 265 the poet's bequest to, 276 as a painter, 292

Burgersdijk, Dr. L. A. J., translation in Dutch by, 352

Burghley, Lord, 375 376 378

Burton, Francis, bookseller, 399 _n_ 2, 400

Butter, Nathaniel, 180 241

C

'C., E.,' sonnet by, on lust, 153 _n_ 1 his collection of sonnets, 'Emaricdulfe,' 436

Caliban, the character of, 253 256 257 and _notes_

Cambridge, _Hamlet_ acted at, 224

Cambridge edition of Shakespeare, 324

Camden, William, 191

Campbell, Lord, on the poet's legal acquirements, 364

Campion, Thomas, his opinion of Barnes's verse, 133 his sonnet to Lord Walden, 140 sonnets in Harleian MS., 437 and _n_ 3

Capell, Edward, reprint of _Edward III_ in his 'Prolusions,' 71 224 his edition of Shakespeare, 319 his works on the poet, 320

_Cardenio_, the lost play of, 181 258 259

Carter, Rev. Thomas, on the alleged Puritan sympathies of Shakespeare's father, 10 _n_

_Casteliones y Montisis_, Lope de Vega's, 55 _n_ 1

Castille, Constable of, entertainments in his honour at Whitehall, 233 234

Castle, William, parish clerk of Stratford, 34

Catherine II of Russia, adaptations of the _Merry Wives_ and _King John_ by, 352 353

Cawood, Gabriel, publisher of 'Mary Magdalene's Funeral Tears,' 88 _n_

Cecil, Sir Robert, and the Earl of Southampton, 143 379 381 382

'Centurie of Spiritual Sonnets, A,' Barnes's, 132

'Certain Sonnets,' Sidney's, 153 _n_ 1

Cervantes, his 'Don Quixote,' foundation of lost play of _Cardenio_, 258 death of, 272 _n_ 1

Chamberlain, the Lord, his company of players. _See_ Hunsdon, first Lord and second Lord

Chamberlain, John, 149 261 _n_

Chapman, George, plays on Biron's career by, 51 _n_, 395 _n_ 1 his _An Humourous Day's Mirth_, 51 _n_ his _Blind Beggar of Alexandria_, 51 _n_ his censure of sonnetteermg, 106 his alleged rivalry with Shakespeare for Southampton's favour, 134 135 _n_, 183 his translation of the 'Iliad,' 227 his sonnets to patrons, 388 440 _n_ sonnets in praise of philosophy, 441

Charlecote Park, probably the scene of the poaching episode, 27 28

Charles I and the poet's plays, 329 his copy of the Second Folio, 312

Charles II, his copy of the Second Folio, 312

Chateaubriand, 349

Chatelain, Chevalier de, rendering of _Hamlet_ by, 351

Chaucer, the story of 'Lucrece' in his 'Legend of Good Women,' 76 hints in his 'Knight's Tale' for _Midsummer Night's Dream_, 162 the plot of _Troilus and Cressida_ taken from his 'Troilus and Cresseid,' 227 plot of _The Two Noble Kinsmen_ drawn from his 'Knight's Tale,' 260

Chenier, Marie-Joseph, sides with Voltaire in the Shakespearean controversy in France, 349

Chester, Robert, his 'Love's Martyr,' 183 184 _n_

Chettle, Henry, the publisher, his description of Shakespeare as an actor, 43 48 _n_ his apology for Greene's attack on Shakespeare, 58 277 225 appeals to Shakespeare to write an elegy on Queen Elizabeth, 230

Chetwynde, Peter, publisher, 312

Chiswell, R., 313

'Chloris,' title of William Smith's collection of sonnets, 437 and _n_ 4 Chronology of Shakespeare's plays 48-57 59 63-72 partly determined by subject-matter and metre, 48-50 161 _seq._, 207 _seq._, 235 _seq._, 248 _seq._

Churchyard, Thomas, his _Fantasticall Monarcho's Epitaph_, 51 _n_ calls Barnes 'Petrarch's scholar,' 133

Cibber, Colley, 335

Cibber, Mrs., 336

Cibber, Theophilus, the reputed compiler of 'Lives of the Poets,' 32 and _n_ 3, 33

Cinthio, the 'Hecatommithi' of, Shakespeare's indebtedness to, 14 53 236 his tragedy, _Epitia_, 237

Clark, Mr. W. G., 325

Clement, Nicolas, criticism of the poet by, 347 348

Cleopatra: the poet's allusion to her part being played by a boy, 38 _n_ 2 compared with the 'dark lady' of the sonnets 123 124 her character, 245

Clive, Mrs., 336

Clopton, Sir Hugh, the former owner of New Place, 193

Clopton, Sir John, 283

Clytemnestra, resemblance between the characters of Lady Macbeth and, 13 _n_

Cobham, Henry Brooke, eighth Lord, 169

'Coelia,' love-sonnets by William Browne entitled, 439 and _n_ 2

'Coelia,' title of Percy's collection of sonnets, 435

'Coelica,' title of Fulke Greville's collection of poems, 97 _n_

Cokain, Sir Aston, lines on Shakespeare and Wincot ale by, 166

Coleridge, S. T., on the style of _Antony and Cleopatra_, 245 on _The Two Noble Kinsmen_, 259 representative of the aesthetic school, 333 on Edmund Kean, 338 365

Collier, John Payne, includes _Mucedorus_ in his edition of Shakespeare, 72 his reprint of Drayton's sonnets, 110 _n_ his forgeries in the 'Perkins Folio,' 312 and _n_ 2, 317 _n_ 2 324 333 362 his other forgeries (Appendix I.), 367-9

Collins, Mr. Churton, 317 _n_ 1

Collins, Francis, Shakespeare's solicitor, 271 273

Collins, Rev. John, 321

Colte, Sir Henry, 410 _n_

Combe, John, bequest left to the poet by, 269 lines written upon his money-lending, 269 _n_

Combe, Thomas, legacy of the poet to, 276

Combe, William, his attempt to enclose common land at Stratford, 269

_Comedy of Errors_: the plot drawn from Plautus, 16 54 date of publication, 53 allusion to the civil war in France, 53 possibly founded on _The Historie of Error_, 54 performed in the hall of Gray's Inn 1594, 70 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

'Complainte of Rosamond,' Daniel's, parallelisms in _Romeo and Juliet_ with, 56 its topic and metre reflected in 'Lucrece,' 76 77 and _n_ 431

Concordances to Shakespeare, 364 and _n_

Condell, Henry, actor and a lifelong friend of Shakespeare, 36 202 203 264 the poet's bequest to him, 276 signs dedication of First Folio, 303 306

_Confessio Amantis_, Gower's, 244

_Conspiracie of Duke Biron_, _The_, 51 _n_

Constable, Henry, piratical publication of the sonnets of, 88 _n_ followed Desportes in naming his collection of sonnets 'Diana,' 104 431 dedicatory sonnets, 440 religious sonnets, 440

_Contention betwixt the two famous houses of Yorke and Lancaster_, _first part of the_, 59

'Contr Amours,' Jodelle's, parody of the vituperative sonnet in, 122 and _n_

Cooke, Sir Anthony, 436

Cooke, George Frederick, actor, 338

Coral, comparison of lips with, 118 and _n_ 2

_Coriolanus_: date of first publication, 246 derived from North's 'Plutarch,' 246 literal reproduction of the text of Plutarch, 246 and _n_ originality of the humorous scenes, 246 date of composition, 246 247 general characteristics, 247 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

'Coronet for his mistress Philosophy, A,' by Chapman, 106

Coryat, 'Odcombian Banquet' by, 395

Cotes, Thomas, printer, 312

Cotswolds, the, Shakespeare's allusion to, 168

Court, the, Shakespeare's relations with, 81 83 230 232-4 cf. 251 _n_, 254 _n_, 256 _n_ 1, 264

Cowden-Clarke, Mrs., 364

Cowley, actor, 208

'Crabbed age and youth,' etc. 182

Craig, Mr. W. J., 325

Creede, Thomas, draft of the _Merry Wives of Windsor_ printed by, 172 draft of _Henry V_ printed by, 173 fraudulently assigns plays to Shakespeare, 179 180

Cromwell, History of Thomas, Lord, 313

'Cryptogram, The Great,' 372

Cupid, Shakespeare's addresses to, compared with the invocations of Sidney, Drayton, Lyly, and others, 97 _n_

Curtain Theatre, Moorfields, one of the only two theatres existing in London at the period of Shakespeare's arrival, 32 36 the scene of some of the poet's performances, 37 closed at the period of the Civil War, 37 233 _n_ 1

Cushman, Charlotte, 342

Cust, Mr. Lionel, 290 _n_

_Cymbeline_: sources of plot, 249 introduction of Calvinistic terms, 250 and _n_ Imogen, 250 comparison with _As You Like It_, 250 Dr. Forman's note on its performance, 250 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography) 301-25

'Cynthia,' Barnfield's, adulation of Queen Elizabeth in, 137 _n_, 435

'Cynthia,' Ralegh's, extravagant apostrophe to Queen Elizabeth in, 137 _n_

_Cynthia's Revels_, performed at Blackfriars Theatre, 215

Cyrano de Bergerac, plagiarisms of Shakespeare by, 347

D

'Daiphantus,' allusion to the poet in Scoloker's, 277

Daniel, Samuel, parallelisms in _Romeo and Juliet_ with his 'Complainte of Rosamond,' 56 61 the topic and metre of the 'Complainte of Rosamond' reflected in 'Lucrece,' 76 77 and _n_ 1 feigning old age, 86 _n_ his sonnet (xlix.) on Sleep, 101 admits plagiarism of Petrarch in his 'Delia,' 101 _n_ 4 followed Maurice Seve in naming his collection of sonnets, 104 430 claims immortality for his sonnets, 115 his prefatory sonnet in 'Delia,' 130 429 celebrates in verse Southampton's release from prison, 149 388 his indebtedness to Desportes, 430 and to De Balt and Pierre de Brach, 431 popularity of his sonnets, 431

Danish, translations of Shakespeare in, 354

Danter, John, prints surreptitiously _Romeo and Juliet_, 56 _Titus Andronicus_ entered at Stationers' Hall by, 66

Daurat (formerly Dinemandy), Jean, one of 'La Pleiade,' 443

D'Avenant, John, keeps the Crown Inn, Oxford, 265

D'Avenant, Sir William, relates the story of Shakespeare holding horses outside playhouses, 33 on the story of Southampton's gift to Shakespeare, 126 374 a letter of King James to the poet once in his possession, 231 Shakespeare's alleged paternity of, 265 328

Davies, Archdeacon, vicar of Saperton, on Shakespeare's 'unluckiness' in poaching, 27 on 'Justice Clodpate' (Justice Shallow), 29 362

Davies, John, of Hereford, his allusion to the parts played by Shakespeare, 44 celebrates in verse Southampton's release from prison, 149 388 his 'Wittes Pilgrimage,' 439 sonnets to patrons, 440 _n_

Davies, Sir John: his 'gulling sonnets,' a satire on conventional sonnetteering, 106 107 and _n_ 1 128 _n_, 435 436 his apostrophe to Queen Elizabeth, 137 _n_ 273

Davison, Francis, his translation of Petrarch's sonnet, 102 _n_ dedication of his 'Poetical Rhapsody' to the Earl of Pembroke, 414

Death-mask, the Kesselstadt, 296 and _n_ 1

'Decameron,' the, indebtedness of Shakespeare to, 163 249 251 and n2

Dedications, 392-400

'Dedicatory' sonnets, of Shakespeare, 125 _seq._ of other Elizabethan poets, 138 _n_ 2 140 141

_Defence of Cony-Catching_, 47 _n_

Dekker, Thomas, 48 _n_ the quarrel with Ben Jonson, 214-20 228 _n_ 225 on King James's entry into London, 232 his song 'Oh, sweet content' an echo of Barnes's 'Ah, sweet Content,' 433 _n_ 1

'Delia,' title of Daniel's collection of sonnets, 104 118 _n_ 2, 130 430 434 _See also under_ Daniel, Samuel

'Delie,' sonnets by Seve entitled, 442

Delius, Nikolaus, edition of Shakespeare by, 324 studies of the text and metre of the poet by, 345

Dennis, John, on the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, 171 172 his tribute to the poet, 332

Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, Earl of, his patronage of actors, 35 performances by his company, 56 59 66 73 Spenser's bestowal of the title of 'Amyntas' on, 385 _n_ 2

Derby, William Stanley, Earl of, 161

Desmond, Earl of, Ben Jonson's apostrophe to the, 140

Desportes, Philippe, his sonnet on Sleep, 101 and 431 plagiarised by Drayton and others, 103 and _n_ 3, 430 _seq._ plagiarised indirectly by Shakespeare, 110 111 his claim for the immortality of verse, 114 and _n_ 1 Daniel's indebtedness to him, 430 431 443 444 445 _n_

Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft, 365

Devrient family, the, stage representation of Shakespeare by, 346

_Diana_, George de Montemayor's, and _Two Gentlemen of Verona_, 53 translations of, 53

'Diana' the title of Constable's collection of sonnets, 88 _n_ 96 _n_ 104 431

Diderot, opposition to Voltaire's strictures by, 348

'Diella,' sonnets by 'R. L.' [Richard Linche], 437

Digges, Leonard, on the superior popularity of _Julius Caesar_ to Jonson's _Catiline_, 220 _n_ commendatory verses on the poet, 276 _n_ 1 300 306 on the poet's popularity, 329

'Don Quixote' and the lost play _Cardenio_, 258

Doncaster, the name of Shakespeare at, 1

Donne Dr. John, his poetic addresses to the Countess of Bedford, 138 _n_ 2 expression of 'love' in his 'Verse Letters,' 141 his anecdote about Shakespeare and Jonson, 177

Donnelly, Mr. Ignatius, 372

Dorell, Hadrian, writer of the preface to the story of 'Avisa,' 157

_Double Falsehood_, _or the Distrest Lovers_, 258 259 and _n_ 1

Douce, Francis, 364

Dowdall, John, 362

Dowden, Professor, 333 416 _n_ 364 365

Drake, Nathan, 363

Drayton, Michael, 61 feigning old age in his sonnets, 86 _n_ his invocations to Cupid, 97 _n_ plagiarisms in his sonnets, 103 and _n_ 2 434 follows Claude de Pontoux in naming his heroine 'Idea,' 104 105 _n_ 1 his admission of insincerity in his sonnets, 105 Shakespeare's indebtedness to his sonnets, 110 _n_ claims immortality for his sonnets, 115 use of the word 'love,' 127 _n_ title of 'Hymn' given to some of his poems, 135 _n_ identified by some as the 'rival poet,' 135 adulation in his sonnets, 138 _n_ 2 Shakespeare's Sonnet cxliv. adapted from, 153 _n_ 2 entertained by Shakespeare at New Place, Stratford, 271 427 _n_ 2 greetings to his patron in his works, 398

Droeshout, Martin, engraver of the portrait in the First Folio, 287-8 his uncle of the same name, a painter, 290

Droitwich, native place of John Heming, one of Shakespeare's actor-friends, 31 _n_

Drummond, William, of Hawthornden, his translations of Petrarch's sonnets, 104 _n_ 4 111 _n_ Italian origin of many of his love-sonnets, 104 and _n_ translation of a vituperative sonnet from Marino, 122 _n_ 1 translation of a sonnet by Tasso, 152 _n_ two self-reproachful sonnets by him, 152 _n_ _See also_ (Appendix) 439 and _n_ 1

Dryden, a criticism of the poet's work by, 330 presented with a copy of the Chandos portrait of the poet, 330 361

Ducis, Jean-Francois, adaptations of the poet for the French stage 349 352

Dugdale, Gilbert, 231 _n_

Dulwich, manor of, purchased by Edward Alleyn, 204 233 _n_ 1

Dumain, Lord, in _Love's Labour's Lost_, 51 _n_

Dumas, Alexandre, adaptation of _Hamlet_ by, 351

Duport, Paul, repeats Voltaire's censure, 350

Dyce, Alexander, 259 _n_ 1 on _The Two Noble Kinsmen_, 259 his edition of Shakespeare, 323

E

Ecclesiastes, Book of, poetical versions of, 441 and _n_ 1

Eden, translation of Magellan's 'Voyage to the South Pole' by, 253

Edgar, Eleazar, publisher, 390

Editions of Shakespeare's works. _See under_ Quarto and Folio

Editors of Shakespeare, in the eighteenth century, 313-22 in the nineteenth century, 323-5 of variorum editions, 322 323

Education of Shakespeare: the poet's masters at Stratford Grammar School, 13 his instruction in Latin, 13 no proof that he studied the Greek tragedians, 13 _n_ alleged knowledge of the classics and of Italian and French literature, 13 14 15 16 study of the Bible in his schooldays, 16 17 and _n_ 1 removal from school, 18

_Edward II_, Marlowe's, _Richard II_ suggested by, 64

_Edward III_, a play of uncertain authorship, 71 quotation from one of Shakespeare's sonnets, 72 89 and _n_ 2

Edwardes, Richard, author of the lost play _Palaemon and Arcyte_, 260

Edwards, Thomas, 'Canons of Criticism' of, 319

Eld, George, printer, 90 180 399 _n_ 2 401 402

Elizabeth, Princess, marriage of, performance of _The Tempest_, etc. at, 254 258 262 264

Elizabeth, Queen: her visit to Kenilworth, 17 Shakespeare and other actors play before her, 43 70 81 shows the poet special favour, 81 82 her enthusiasm for Falstaff, 82 extravagant compliments to her, 137 called 'Cynthia' by the poets, 148 elegies on her, 147 148 compliment to her in _Midsummer Night's Dream_, 161 her objections to _Richard II_, 175 death, 230 her imprisonment of Southampton, 380

Elizabethan Stage Society, 70 _n_ 1 210 _n_ 2

Elton, Mr. Charles, Q.C., on the dower of the poet's widow, 274 _n_

Elze, Friedrich Karl, 'Life of Shakespeare' by, 364 Shakespeare studies of, 345

'Emaricdulfe,' sonnets by 'E.C.,' 153 _n_ 1 436

_Endymion_, Lyly's, and _Love's Labour's Lost_, 62

Eschenburg, Johann Joachim, completes Wieland's German prose translation of Shakespeare, 343

_Error_, _Historie of_, and _Comedy of Errors_, 54

Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, company of actors under the patronage of, 33 an enthusiastic reception predicted for him in London in _Henry V_, 174 trial and execution, 175 176 his relations with the Earl of Southampton, 376 377 380 383

_Euphues_, Lyly's, Polonius's advice to Laertes borrowed from, 62 _n_

Euripides, _Andromache_ of, 13 _n_

Evans, Sir Hugh, quotes Latin phrases, 15 sings snatches of Marlowe's 'Come live with me and be my love,' 65

Evelyn, John, on the change of taste regarding the drama, 329 _n_ 2

_Every Man in his Humour_, Shakespeare takes a part in the performance of, 44 176 prohibition on its publication, 208

F

_Faire Em_, a play of doubtful authorship, 72

Falstaff, Queen Elizabeth's enthusiasm for, 82 171 named originally 'Sir John Oldcastle,' 169 objections raised to the name, 170 the attraction of his personality, 170 his last moments, 173 letter from the Countess of Southampton on, 383 and _n_ 1

Farmer, Dr. Richard, on Shakespeare's education, 14 15 363

Farmer, Mr. John S., 386 _n_ 1

'Farmer MS., the Dr.,' Davies's 'gulling sonnets' in, 107 _n_ 1

Fastolf, Sir John, 170

Faucit, Helen. _See_ Martin, Lady

_Felix and Philomena_, _History of_, 53

'Fidessa,' Griffin's, 182 _n_ 431 437

Field, Henry, father of the London printer, 186

Field, Richard, a friend of Shakespeare, 32 apprenticed to the London printer, Thomas Vautrollier, 32 his association with the poet, 32 publishes 'Venus and Adonis,' 74 396 and 'Lucrece,' 76 396

Finnish, translations of Shakespeare in, 354

Fisher, Mr. Clement, 166

Fitton, Mary, and the 'dark lady,' 123 _n_ 406 _n_ 415 _n_

Fleay, Mr. F. G., metrical tables by, 49 _n_ on Shakespeare's and Drayton's sonnets, 110 _n_ 363

Fletcher, Giles, on Time, 77 _n_ 2 his 'imitation' of other poets, 103 admits insincerity in his sonnets, 105 his 'Licia,' 433

Fletcher, John, 181 184 258 collaborates with Shakespeare in _The Two Noble Kinsmen_ and _Henry VIII_, 259 262

Fletcher, Lawrence, actor, takes a theatrical company to Scotland, 41 and _n_ 1 231

Florio, John, and Holofernes, 51 _n_ 84 _n_ the sonnet prefixed to his 'Second Frutes,' 84 and _n_ Southampton's _protege_, 84 _n_ his translation of Montaigne's 'Essays,' 84 _n_ 253 his 'Worlde of Wordes,' 84 _n_ 387 his praise of Southampton, 131 (and Appendix IV.) Southampton's Italian tutor, 376 384

Folio, the First, 1623: editor's note as to the ease with which the poet wrote, 46 the syndicate for its production, 303 304 its contents, 305 306 prefatory matter, 306 307 value of the text, 307 order of the plays, 307 308 the typography, 308 unique copies, 308-10 the Sheldon copy, 309 and _n_ 310 number of extant copies, 311 reprints, 311 the 'Daniel' copy, 311 dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, 412

Folio, the Second, 312

Folio, the Third, 312 313

Folio, the Fourth, 313

Ford, John, similarity of theme between a song in his _Broken Heart_ and Shakespeare's Sonnet cxxvi., 97 _n_

Forgeries in the 'Perkins' Folio, 312 and _n_ 2

Forgeries, Shakespearean (Appendix I.), 365-9 of John Jordan, 365 366 of the Irelands, 366 promulgated by John Payne Collier and others, 367-369

Forman, Dr. Simon, 239 250

Forrest, Edwin, American actor, 342

Fortune Theatre, 212 233 _n_ 1

France, versions and criticisms of Shakespeare in, 347-50 stage representation of the poet in, 350 351 bibliographical note on the sonnet in (1550-1600) (Appendix X.), 442-5

Fraunce, Abraham, 385 _n_ 2

Freiligrath, Ferdinand von, German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

French, the poet's acquaintance with, 14 15

French, George Russell, 363

'Freyndon' (or Frittenden), 1

Friendship, sonnets of, Shakespeare's, 136 138-47

Frittenden, Kent. _See_ Freyndon

Fulbroke Park and the poaching episode, 28

Fuller, Thomas, allusion in his 'Worthies' to Sir John Fastolf, 170 on the 'wit combats' between Shakespeare and Jonson, 178 the first biographer of the poet, 361

Fulman, Rev. W., 362

Furness, Mr. H. H., his 'New Variorum' edition of Shakespeare, 323 341

Furness, Mrs. H. H., 364

Furnivall, Dr. F. J., 49 _n_ 302 _n_ 325 334 364

G

Gale, Dunstan, 397

Ganymede, Barnfield's sonnets to, 435 and _n_ 4

Garnett, Henry, the Jesuit, probably alluded to in _Macbeth_, 239

Garrick, David, 315 334 335-7

Gascoigne, George, his definition of a sonnet, 95 _n_ 2 his _Supposes_, 164

Gastrell, Rev, Francis, 283

Gates, Sir Thomas, 252

Germany, Shakespearean representations in, 340 346 translations of the poet's works and criticisms in, 342-6 Shakespeare Society in, 346

Gervinus, 'Commentaries' by, 49 _n_ 346

'Gesta Romanorum' and the _Merchant of Venice_, 67

Ghost in _Hamlet_, the, played by Shakespeare, 44

Gilchrist, Octavius, 363

Gildon, Charles, on the rapid production of the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, 172 on the dispute at Eton as to the supremacy of Shakespeare as a poet, 328 _n_

Giovanni (Fiorentino), Ser, Shakespeare's indebtedness to his 'Il Pecorone,' 14 66 172

_Giuletta_, _La_, by Luigi da Porto, 55 _n_ 1

'Globe' edition of Shakespeare, 325

Globe Theatre: built in 1599, 37 196 described by Shakespeare, 37 cf. 173 mainly occupied by the poet's company after 1599, 37 profits shared by Shakespeare, 37 196 200 201 the leading London theatre, 37 revival of _Richard II_ at, 175 litigation of Burbage's heirs, 200 prices of admission, 201 annual receipts, 201 performance of _A Winter's Tale_, 251 its destruction by fire, 260 261 _n_ the new building, 260 Shakespeare's disposal of his shares, 264

Goethe, criticism and adaptation of Shakespeare by, 345

Golding, Arthur, his English version of the 'Metamorphoses,' 15 16 116 _n_ 162 253

Gollancz, Mr. Israel, 222 _n_ 325

Googe, Barnabe, his use of the word 'sonnet,' 427 _n_ 2

Gosson, Stephen, his 'Schoole of Abuse,' 67

Gottsched, J. C., denunciation of Shakespeare by, 343

Gounod, opera of _Romeo and Juliet_ by, 351

Gower, John, represented by the speaker of the prologues in _Pericles_, 244 his 'Confessio Amantis,' 244

Gower, Lord Ronald, 297

Grammaticus, Saxo, 222

Grave, Shakespeare's, 272

Gray's Inn Hall, performance of _The Comedy of Errors_ in, 70 and _n_

Greek, Shakespeare's alleged acquaintance with, 13 and _n_ 16

Green, C. F., 364

Greene, Robert, charged with selling the same play to two companies, 47 _n_ his attack on Shakespeare, 57 his publisher's apology, 58 his share in the original draft of _Henry VI_, 60 his influence on Shakespeare, 61 describes a meeting with a player, 198 _A Winter's Tale_ founded on his _Pandosto_, 251 dedicatory greetings in his works, 398

Greene, Thomas, actor at the Red Bull Theatre, 31 _n_

Greene, Thomas ('_alias_ Shakespeare'), a tenant of New Place, and Shakespeare's legal adviser, 195 206 269 270 and _n_

Greenwich Palace, Shakespeare and other actors play before Queen Elizabeth at, 43 44 _n_ 1 70 81 82

Greet, hamlet in Gloucestershire, identical with the 'Greece' in the _Taming of the Shrew_, 167

Grendon, near Oxford, Shakespeare's alleged sojourn there, 31

Greville, Sir Fulke, complains of the circulation of uncorrected manuscript copies of the 'Arcadia,' 88 _n_ invocations to Cupid in his collection, 'Coelica,' 97 _n_ his 'Sonnets,' 438 439

Griffin, Bartholomew, 182 _n_ plagiarises Daniel, 431 437

Griggs, Mr. W., 302 _n_

Grimm, Baron, recognition of Shakespeare's greatness by, 349 350 _n_ 1

'Groats-worth of Wit,' Greene's pamphlet containing his attack on Shakespeare, 57

Guizot, Francois, revision of Le Tourneur's translation by, 350

'Gulling sonnets,' Sir John Davies's, 106 107 435 436 Shakespeare's Sonnet xxvi. parodied in, 128 _n_

H

'H., Mr. W.,' 'patron' of Thorpe's pirated issue of the Sonnets, 92 identified with William Hall, 92 402 403 his publication of Southwell's 'A Foure-fould Meditation,' 92 erroneously said to indicate the Earl of Pembroke, 94 406-415 improbability of the suggestion that a William Hughes was indicated, 93 _n_ 'W. H.'s' true relations with Thomas Thorpe, 390-405

Hacket, Marian and Cicely, in the _Taming of the Shrew_, 164-6

Hal, Prince, 169 173

Hales, John (of Eton), on the superiority of Shakespeare to all other poets, 328 and _n_

Hall, Elizabeth, the poet's granddaughter, 192 266 275 her first marriage to Thomas Nash, and her second marriage to John Barnard (or Bernard), 282 her death and will, 282 283

Hall, Dr. John, the poet's son-in-law, 266 268 273 281

Hall, Mrs. Susanna, the poet's elder daughter, 192 205 266 inherits the chief part of the poet's estate, 275 281 her death, her 'witty' disposition, 281

Hall, William (1), on the inscription over the poet's grave, 272 and _n_ 2 362

Hall, William (2), see 'H., Mr. W.'

Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard, the indenture of the poet's property in Blackfriars in the collection of, 267 _n_ his edition of Shakespeare, 325 312 his great labours on Shakespeare's biography, 333 363 364

_Hamlet_: parallelisms in the _Electra_ of Sophocles, the _Andromache_ of Euripides, and the _Persae_ of AEschylus, 13 _n_ Polonius's advice to Laertes borrowed from Lyly's _Euphues_, 62 _n_ allusion to boy-actors, 213 _n_ 2 214 and _n_ 1 216 date of production, 221 previous popularity of the story on the stage, 221 and _n_ sources drawn upon by the poet, 221-2 success of Burbage in the title-part, 222 the problem of its publication, 222-4 the three versions, 222-4 Theobald's emendations, 224 its world-wide popularity, 224 the longest of all the poet's plays, 224 the humorous element, 224 225 its central interest, 225 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Hanmer, Sir Thomas, 224 his edition of Shakespeare, 318

Harington, Sir John, translates Ariosto, 208

Harington, Lucy, her marriage to the third Earl of Bedford, 161

Harness, William, 324

Harrison, John, publisher of 'Lucrece,' 76

Harsnet, 'Declaration of Popish Impostures' by, 241

Hart family, the, and the poet's reputed birthplace, 8

Hart, Joan, Shakespeare's sister, 8 his bequest to her, 276 her three sons, 276 283

Hart, John, 283

Hart, Joseph. C., 371

Harvey, Gabriel, bestows on Spenser the title of 'an English Petrarch,' 101 justifies the imitation of Petrarch, 101 _n_ 4 his parody of sonnetteering, 106 121 and _n_ his advice to Barnes, 133 his 'Four Letters and certain Sonnets,' 440

Hathaway, Anne. See Shakespeare, Anne

Hathaway, Catherine, sister of Anne Hathaway, 19

Hathaway, Joan, mother of Anne Hathaway, 19

Hathaway, Richard, marriage of his daughter Anne (or Agnes) to the poet, 18 19-22 his position as a yeoman, 18 19 his will, 19

Haughton, William, 48 _n_ 418

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 371

Hazlitt, William, and Shakespearean criticism, 333 364 365

Healey, John, 400 403 _n_ 2 408 409

'Hecatommithi,' Cinthio's, Shakespeare's indebtedness to, 14 53 236

Heine, studies of Shakespeare's heroines by, 345

Helena in _All's Well that Ends Well_, 163

Heming, John (actor-friend of Shakespeare), wrongly claimed as a native of Stratford, 31 _n_ 36 202 203 264 the poet's bequest to, 276 signs dedication of First Folio, 303 306

Henderson, John, actor, 337

Heneage, Sir Thomas, 375 _n_ 3

Henley-in-Arden, 4

Henrietta Maria, Queen, billeted on Mrs. Hall (the poet's daughter) at Stratford, 281

_Henry IV_ (parts i. and ii.): passage ridiculing the affectations of _Euphues_, 62 _n_ sources drawn upon, 167 Justice Shallow, 29 168 references to persons and districts familiar to the poet, 167 168 the characters, 68 169 170 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-325

_Henry V_, _The Famous Victories of_, the groundwork of _Henry V_ and of _Henry V_, 167 174

_Henry V_: French dialogues, 1 disdainful allusion to sonnetteering, 108 date of production 173 imperfect drafts of the play, 173 First Folio version of 1623, 173 the comic characters, 173 the victory of Agincourt, 174 the poet's final experiment in the dramatisation of English history, 174 the allusions to the Earl of Essex, 175 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Henry VI_ (pt. i.): performed at the Rose Theatre in 1592, 56 Nash's remarks on, 56 57 first publication, 58 contains only a slight impress of the poet's style, 59 performed by Lord Strange's men, 59

_Henry VI_ (pt. ii.): parallel in the _OEdipus Coloneus_ of Sophocles with a passage in, 13 _n_ publication of a first draft with the title of _The first part of the Contention betwixt the two famous Houses of Yorke and Lancaster_, 59 performed by Lord Strange's men, 59 revision of the play, 60 the poet's coadjutors in the revision, 60

_Henry VI_ (pt. iii.): performed by a company other than the poet's own, 36 performed in the autumn of 1592, 57 publication of a first draft of the play under the title of _The True Tragedie of Richard_, _Duke of Yorke_, _&c._, 59 performed by Lord Pembroke's men, 36 59 partly remodelled, 60 the poet's coadjutors in the revision, 60 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Henry VIII_, 174 attributed to Shakespeare and Fletcher, 259 noticed by Sir Henry Wotton, 260 first publication, 261 the portions that can confidently be assigned to Shakespeare, 262 uncertain authorship of Wolsey's farewell to Cromwell, 262 Fletcher's share, 262 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Henryson, Robert, 227

Henslowe, Philip, erects the Rose Theatre, 36 bribes a publisher to abandon the publication of _Patient Grissell_, 48 _n_ 180 _n_ 225 260

'Heptameron of Civil Discources,' Whetstone's, 237

'Herbert, Mr. William,' his alleged identity with 'Mr. W. H.' (Appendix VI.), 406-10

Herder, Johann Gottfried, 343

'Hero and Leander,' Marlowe's, quotation in _As You Like It_, from, 64

Herringman, H., 313

Hervey, Sir William, 375 _n_ 3

Hess, J. R., 342

Heyse, Paul, German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

Heywood, Thomas, his allusion to the dislike of actors to the publication of plays, 48 _n_ his poems pirated in the 'Passionate Pilgrim,' 182 301 328

Hill, John, marriage of his widow, Agnes or Anne, to Robert Arden, 6

Holinshed's 'Chronicles,' materials taken by Shakespeare from, 17 47 63 64 167 239 241 249

Holland, translations of Shakespeare in, 352

Holland, Hugh, 306

Holmes, Nathaniel, 372

Holmes, William, bookseller, 403 _n_ 1

Holofernes, quotes Latin phrases from Lily's grammar, 15 groundless assumption that he is a caricature of Florio, 51 _n_ 84 _n_

Horace, his claim for the immortality of verse, 114 and _n_ 1 116 _n_

Hotspur, 168 169

Howard of Effingham, the Lord Admiral, Charles, Lord, his company of actors, 35 its short alliance with Shakespeare's company, 37 Spenser's sonnet to, 140

Hudson, Rev. H. N., 325

Hughes, Mrs. Margaret, plays female parts in the place of boys, 335

Hughes, William, and 'Mr. W. H.,' 93 _n_

Hugo, Francois Victor, translation of Shakespeare by, 350

Hugo, Victor, 350

_Humourous Day's Mirth_, _An_, 51 _n_

Hungary, translations and performances of Shakespeare in, 353

Hunsdon (Lord Chamberlain), George Carey, second Lord, his company of players, 35 promotion of the company to be the King's players on the accession of King James, 35

Hunsdon (Lord Chamberlain), Henry Carey, first Lord, his company of players, 35 Shakespeare a member of this company, 36

Hunt, Thomas, master of Stratford Grammar School, 13

Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 333 363 406

'Huon of Bordeaux,' hints for the story of Oberon from, 162

'Hymn,' use of the word as the title of poems, 133 134 135 _n_

'Hymnes of Astraea,' Sir John Davies's, 440

I

'Idea',' title of Drayton's collection of sonnets, 104 105 434

'Ignoto,' 183

Immortality of verse, claimed by Shakespeare for his sonnets, 113 114 115 and _n_ a common theme with classical and French writers, 114 and _n_ 1 treated by Drayton and Daniel, 115

Imogen, the character of, 249 250

Income, Shakespeare's, 196-204

Incomes of actors, 198 199 and _n_ 2

India, translations and representations of Shakespeare in, 354

_Ingannati_, (_Gl'_), its resemblance to _Twelfth Night_, 210

Ingram, Dr., on the 'weak endings' in Shakespeare, 49 _n_

Ireland forgeries, the (Appendix 1.), 366

Ireland, Samuel, on the poaching episode, 28

Irishman, the only, in Shakespeare's _dramatis personae_, 173

Irving, Sir Henry, 339

Italian, the poet's acquaintance with, 14-16 cf. 66 _n_ 3

Italy, Shakespeare's knowledge of, 43 translations and performances of Shakespeare in, 352 the original home of the sonnet, 442 _n_ 2 list of sonnetteers of the sixteenth century in, 442 _n_ 2

Itinerary of Shakespeare's company in the provinces between 1593 and 1614, 40 and _n_ 1

J

Jaggard, Isaac, 305

Jaggard, William, piratically inserts two of Shakespeare's sonnets in his 'Passionate Pilgrim,' 89 182 299 390 396 prints the First Folio, 303 304

James VI of Scotland and I of England, his favour bestowed on actors, 41 _n_ 1 sonnets to, 440 his appreciation of Shakespeare, 82 his accession to the English throne, 147 148 149 grants a license to the poet and his company, 230 his patronage of Shakespeare and his company 232-4 411 performances of _A Winter's Tale_ and _The Tempest_ before him, 251 and _n_ 254 255 256 _n_

James, Sir Henry, 311

Jameson, Mrs., 365

Jamyn, Amadis, 432 443 444 455 _n_

Jansen, Cornelius, alleged portrait of Shakespeare by, 294

Jansen or Janssen, Gerard, 276

_Jeronimo_, resemblance between the stories of _Hamlet_ and, 221 _n_

_Jew of Malta_, Marlowe's, 68

_Jew . . . showne at the Bull_, a lost play, 67

Jodelle, Estienne, resemblances in 'Venus and Adonis' to a poem by, 75 _n_ 2 his parody of the vituperative sonnet, 121 122 and _n_ and 'La Pleiade,' 443

John, King, old play on, attributed to the poet, 181

_John_, _King_, Shakespeare's play of, printed in 1623, 69 the originality and strength of the three chief characters in, 69 70 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography) 301-325

Johnson, Dr., his story of Shakespeare, 33 his edition of Shakespeare, 319 320 321 his reply to Voltaire, 348

Johnson, Gerard, his monument to the poet in Stratford Church, 276

Johnson, Robert, lyrics set to music by, 255 and _n_

Jones, Inigo, designs scenic decoration for masques, 38 _n_ 2

Jonson, Ben, on Shakespeare's lack of exact scholarship, 16 Shakespeare takes part in the performance of _Every Man in his Humour_ and in _Sejanus_, 44 on _Titus Andronicus_, 65 on the appreciation of Shakespeare shown by Elizabeth and James I, 82 on metrical artifice in sonnets, 106 _n_ 1 use of the word 'lover,' 127 _n_ identified by some as the 'rival poet,' 136 his 'dedicatory' sonnets, 138 _n_ 2 his apostrophe of the Earl of Desmond, 140 relations with Shakespeare, 176 177 gift of Shakespeare to his son, 177 share in the appendix to 'Love's' Martyr,' 183 quarrel with Marston and Dekker, 214-20 his 'Poetaster,' 217 218 and _n_ allusions to him in the _Return from Parnassus_, 219 his scornful criticism of _Julius Caesar_, 220 _n_ satiric allusion to _A Winters Tale_, 251 his sneering reference to _The Tempest_ in _Bartholomew Fair_, 255 entertained by Shakespeare at New Place, Stratford, 271 testimony to Shakespeare's character, 277 his tribute to Shakespeare in the First Folio, 306 311 327 his _Hue and Cry after Cupid_, 432 _n_ 2 Thorpe's publication of some of his works, 395 _n_ 3 401

Jordan, John, forgeries of (Appendix 1.), 365 366

Jordan, Mrs., 338 339

Jordan, Thomas, his lines on men playing female parts, 335 _n_

Jourdain, Sylvester, 252

'Jubilee,' Shakespeare's, 334

_Julius Caesar_: use of the word 'lovers,' 127 _n_ plot drawn from Plutarch, 211 date of production, 211 a play of the same title acted in 1594, 211 general features of the play 211 212 Jonson's hostile criticism, 220 _n_ _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Jusserand, M. J. J., 42 _n_ 1 348 _n_ 1 351 _n_ 2

K

Kean, Edmund, 338 351

Keller, A., German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

Kemble, Charles, 351

Kemble, John Philip, 337

Kemp, William, comedian, plays at Greenwich Palace, 43 208 219

Kenilworth, Elizabeth's visit to, 17 cf. 162

Ketzcher, N., translation into Russian by, 353

Killigrew, Thomas, and the substitution of women for boys in female parts, 334

King's players, the company of, 35 Shakespeare one of its members, 36 the poet's plays performed almost exclusively by, 36 theatres at which it performed, 36 37 provincial towns which it visited between 1594 and 1614, 40 and _n_ 1 King James's license to, 230 231

Kirkland, the name of Shakespeare at, 1

Kirkman, Francis, publisher, 181

Knight, Charles, 324

Knollys, Sir William, 415 _n_

Kok, A. S., translation in Dutch by, 352

Korner, J., German translation of Shakespeare by, 345

Kraszewski, Polish translation edited by, 353

Kreyssig, Friedrich A. T., studies of the poet by, 345

Kyd, Thomas, influence of, on Shakespeare, 61 222 _n_ and _Titus Andronicus_, 65 his _Spanish Tragedy_, 65 221 and the story of Hamlet, 221 and _n_ Shakespeare's acquaintance with his work, 222 _n_

L

'L., H.,' initials on seal attesting Shakespeare's autograph. _See_ Lawrence, Henry

La Harpe and the Shakespearean controversy in France, 349

Labe, Louise, 445 _n_

Lamb, Charles, 259 338

Lambarde, William, 175

Lambert, Edmund, mortgagee of the Asbies property, 12 26 164

Lambert, John, proposal to confer upon him an absolute title to the Asbies property, 26 John Shakespeare's lawsuit against, 195

Lane, Nicholas, a creditor of John Shakespeare, 186

Langbaine, Gerard, 66 362

Laroche, Benjamin, translation by, 350

Latin, the poet's acquaintance with, 13 15 16

'Latten,' use of the word in Shakespeare, 177 _n_

'Laura,' Shakespeare's allusion to her as Petrarch's heroine, 108 title of Tofte's collection of sonnets, 438

Law, the poet's knowledge of, 32 and cf. _n_ 2 and 107

Lawrence, Henry, his seal beneath Shakespeare's autograph, 267

_Lear_, _King_: date of composition, 241 produced at Whitehall, 241 Butter's imperfect editions, 241 sources of story, 241 the character of the King, 242 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography) 301-25

Legal terminology in plays and poems of the Shakespearean period, 32 _n_ 2 430 cf. 107

Legge, Dr. Thomas, a Latin piece on Richard III by, 63

Leicester, Earl of, his entertainment of Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth, 17 162 his regiment of Warwickshire youths for service in the Low Countries, 30 his company of players, 33 35

Leo, F. A. 346

Leoni, Michele, Italian translation of the poet issued by, 352

'Leopold' Shakspere, the, 325

Lessing, defence of Shakespeare by, 343

L'Estrange, Sir Nicholas, 176

Le Tourneur, Pierre, French prose translation of Shakespeare by, 349

'Licia,' Fletcher's collection of sonnets called, 77 _n_ 2 103 105 113 _n_ 5 433

Linche, Richard, his sonnets entitled 'Diella,' 437

Lintot, Bernard, 231

Locke (or Lok), Henry, sonnets by, 388 441

_Locrine_, _Tragedie of_, 179

Lodge, Thomas, 57 61 his 'Scillaes Metamorphosis' drawn upon by Shakespeare for 'Venus and Adonis,' 75 and _n_ 2 his plagiarisms, 103 and _n_ 3 433 comparison of lips with coral in 'Phillis,' 118 _n_ 2 his 'Rosalynde' the foundation of _As You Like It_, 209 his 'Phillis,' 417 433

_London Prodigall_, 180 313

Lope de Vega dramatises the story of Romeo and Juliet, 55 _n_ 1

Lopez, Roderigo, Jewish physician, 68 and _n_

Lorkin, Rev. Thomas, on the burning of the Globe Theatre, 261 _n_

Love, treatment of, in Shakespeare's sonnets, 97 and _n_ 98 112 113 and _n_ 2 in the sonnets of other writers, 104-6 113 _n_ 2

'Lover' and 'love' synonymous with 'friend' and 'friendship' in Elizabethan English, 127 _n_

'Lover's Complaint, A,' possibly written by Shakespeare, 91

_Love's Labour's Lost_: Latin phrases in, 15 probably the poet's first dramatic production, 50 its plot not borrowed, 51 its characters, 51 and _n_ 52 its revision in 1597, 52 date of publication, 52 influence of Lyly, 62 performed at Whitehall, 81 examples of the poet's first attempts at sonnetteering, 84 scornful allusion to sonnetteering, 107 the praise of 'blackness,' 118 119 and _n_ 2 performed before Anne of Denmark at Southampton's house in the Strand, 384 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Love's Labour's Won_, attributed by Meres to Shakespeare, 162 See _All's Well_

'Love's Martyr, or Rosalin's Complaint,' 183 184 _n_ 304

Lowell, James Russell, 13 _n_ 341

Lucian, the _Timon_ of, 243

'Lucrece:' published in 1594, 76 Daniel's 'Complainte of Rosamond' reflected, 76 77 and _n_ 1 the passage on Time elaborated from Watson, 77 and _n_ 2 dedicated to the Earl of Southampton, 77 78 126 127 enthusiastic reception of, 78-9 quarto editions in the poet's lifetime, 299 posthumous editions, 300

Lucy, Sir Thomas, his prosecution of Shakespeare for poaching, 27 28 caricatured in Justice Shallow, 29 173

Luddington, 20

Lydgate, 'Troy Book' of, drawn upon for _Troilus and Cressida_, 227

Lyly, John, 61 followed by Shakespeare in his comedies, 61 62 his addresses to Cupid, 97 _n_ his influence on _Midsummer Night's Dream_, 162

Lyrics in Shakespeare's plays, 207 250 255 and _n_

M

'M. I.' 306 _See also_ 'S., I. M.'

Macbeth: references to the climate of Inverness, 41 _n_ 3 42 date of composition, 239 the story drawn from Holinshed, 239 points of difference from other plays of the same class, 240 Middleton's plagiarisms, 240 not printed until 1623, 239 the shortest of the poet's tragedies, 239 performance at the Globe, 239 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Macbeth, Lady, and AEschylus's Clytemnestra, 13 _n_

Mackay, Mr. Herbert, on the dower of the poet's widow, 274

Macklin, Charles, 336 337

Macready, William Charles, 339 351

Madden, Rt. Hon. D. H., on Shakespeare's knowledge of sport, 27 _n_ 168 364

Magellan, 'Voyage to the South Pole' by, 253

Magny, Olivier de, 443

Malone, Edmund, on Shakespeare's first employment in the theatre, 34 on the poet's residence, 38 on the date of _The Tempest_, 254 332 333 his writings on the poet, 321 322 362

Malvolio, 211

Manners, Lady Bridget, 378 379 and _n_

Manningham, John (diarist), a description of _Twelfth Night_ by, 210

Manuscript, circulation of sonnets in, 88 and _n_ (Appendix ix.), 391 396

Marino, vituperative sonnet by, 122 _n_ 1 442 _n_ 2

Markham, Gervase, his adulation of Southampton in his sonnets, 131 134 387

Marlowe, Christopher, 57 his share in the revision of _Henry VI_, 60 his influence on Shakespeare, 61 63-4 Shakespeare's acknowledgments, 64 his translation of Lucan, 90 393 399

Marmontel and the Shakespearean controversy in France, 349

Marot, Clement, 442

Marriage, treatment of, in the Sonnets, 98

Marshall, Mr. F. A., 325

Marston, John, identified by some as the 'rival poet,' 136 183 his quarrel with Jonson, 214-20

Martin, one of the English actors who played in Scotland, 41 and _n_ 1

Martin, Lady, 298 339 365

Masks worn by men playing women's parts, 38 _n_ 2

Massey, Mr. Gerald, on the Sonnets, 91 _n_ 1

Massinger, Philip, 258 portions of _The Two Noble Kinsmen_ assigned to, 259 and _Henry VIII_, 263 and _n_ 2

'Mastic,' use of the word, 228 _n_

Masuccio, the story of Romeo and Juliet told in his _Novellino_, 55

Matthew, Sir Toby, 375 383

_Measure for Measure_: the offence of Claudio, 23 _n_ date of composition, 235 produced at Whitehall, 235 not printed in the poet's lifetime, 235 source of plot, 236 deviations from the old story, 237 238 creation of the character of Mariana, 238 the philosophic subtlety of the poet's argument, 238 references to a ruler's dislike of mobs, 238 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-325

Melin de Saint-Gelais, 442

Memorials in sculpture to the poet, 297

_Menaechmi_ of Plautus, 54

Mendelssohn, setting of Shakespearean songs by, 347

_Merchant of Venice_: the influence of Marlowe, 63 68 sources of the plot, 66 67 the last act, 69 date of, 69 use of the word 'lover,' 127 _n_ _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-325

Meres, Francis, recommends Shakespeare's 'sugred' sonnets, 89 his quotations from Horace and Ovid on the immortalising power of verse, 116 _n_ attributes _Love's Labour's Won_ to Shakespeare, 162 testimony to the poet's reputation, 178 179 390

Mermaid Tavern, 177 178

_Merry Devill of Edmonton_, 181 258 _n_ 2

_Merry Wives of Windsor_: Latin phrases put into the mouth of Sir Hugh Evans, 15 Sir Thomas Lucy caricatured in Justice Shallow, 29 lines from Marlowe sung by Sir Hugh Evans, 64 65 period of production, 171 publication of, 172 source of the plot, 172 chief characteristics, 173 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-325

Metre of Shakespeare's plays a rough guide to the chronology, 48-50 of Shakespeare's poems, 75-77 of Shakespeare's sonnets, 95 and _n_ 2

Mezieres, Alfred, 350

Michel, Francisque, translation by, 350

Middle Temple Hall, performance of _Twelfth Night_ at, 210

Middleton, Thomas, his allusion to Le Motte in _Blurt_, _Master Constable_, 51 _n_ his plagiarisms of _Macbeth_ in _The Witch_, 240

_Midsummer Night's Dream_: references to the pageants at Kenilworth Park, 17 162 reference to Spenser's 'Teares of the Muses,' 80 date of production, 161 sources of the story, 162 the final scheme, 162 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-325

Milton, applies the epithet 'sweetest' to Shakespeare, 179 _n_ his epitaph on Shakespeare, 327

Minto, Professor, claims Chapman as Shakespeare's 'rival' poet, 135 _n_

Miranda, character of, 256

'Mirror of Martyrs,' 211

_Miseries of Enforced Marriage_, 243

'Monarcho, Fantasticall,' 51 _n_

Money, its purchasing power in the sixteenth century, 3 _n_ 3 197 _n_

Montagu, Mrs. Elizabeth, 348

Montaigne, 'Essays' of, 85 _n_ 253 _n_

Montegut, Emile, translation by, 350

Montemayor, George de, 53

Montgomery, Philip Herbert, Earl of, 306 381 410

Monument to Shakespeare in Stratford Church, 276 286

Morley, Lord, 410 _n_

Moseley, Humphrey, publisher, 181 258

Moth, in _Love's Labour's Lost_, 51 _n_

Moulton, Dr. Richard G. 365

_Mucedorus_, a play by an unknown author, 72

_Much Ado about Nothing_: a jesting allusion to sonnetteering, 108 its publication, 207 208 date of composition, 208 the comic characters, 208 Italian origin of Hero and Claudio, 208 parts taken by William Kemp and Cowley, 208 quotation from the _Spanish Tragedy_, 221 _n_ _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Mulberry-tree at New Place, the, 194 and _n_

Music at stage performances in Shakespeare's day, 38 _n_ 2 its indebtedness to the poet, 340

N

Nash, Anthony, the poet's legacy to, 276

Nash, John, the poet's legacy to, 276

Nash, Thomas (1), marries Elizabeth Hall, Shakespeare's granddaughter, 282

Nash, Thomas (2), on the performance of _Henry VI_. 56 57 piracy of his 'Terrors of the Night,' 88 _n_ on the immortalising power of verse, 114 use of the word 'lover,' 127 _n_ his appeals to Southampton, 131 134 135 _n_ 385 386 221 _n_ 427 _n_ 2 his preface to 'Astrophel and Stella,' 429 _n_ 1

Navarre, King of, in _Love's Labour's Lost_, 51 _n_

Neil, Samuel, 364

Nekrasow and Gerbel, translation into Russian by, 353

New Place, Stratford, Shakespeare's purchase of, 193 194 entertainment of Jonson and Drayton at, 271 the poet's death at, 272 sold on the death of Lady Barnard (the poet's granddaughter) to Sir Edward Walker, 283 pulled down, 283

Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, criticism of the poet by, 331

Newdegate, Lady, 406 _n_ 415

Newington Butts Theatre, 37

Newman, Thomas, piratical publication of Sir Philip Sidney's sonnets by, 88 _n_ 429 and _n_ 1

Nicolson, George, English agent in Scotland, 41 _n_ 1

Nottingham, Earl of, his company of players, 225 taken into the patronage of Henry, Prince of Wales, 231 _n_

O

Oberon, vision of, 17 161 in 'Huon of Bordeaux,' 162

Oechelhaeuser, W., acting edition of the poet by, 346

Oldcastle, Sir John, play on his history, 170 313

'Oldcastle, Sir John,' the original name of Falstaff in _Henry IV_, 169

Oldys, William, 231 362

Olney, Henry, publisher, 437

_Orlando Furioso_, 47 _n_ 208

Ortlepp, E., German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

_Othello_: date of composition, 235 not printed in the poet's lifetime, 235 plot drawn from Cinthio's 'Hecatommithi,' 236 new characters and features introduced into the story, 236 exhibits the poet's fully matured powers, 236 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Ovid, influence on Shakespeare of his 'Metamorphoses,' 15 75 and _n_ 1 76 162 253 claims immortality for his verse, 114 and _n_ 1 116 _n_ the poet's alleged signature on the title-page of a copy of the 'Metamorphoses' in the Bodleian Library, 15

Oxford, the poet's visits to, 31 265 266 _Hamlet_ acted at, 224

Oxford, Earl of, his company of actors, 35

'Oxford' edition of Shakespeare, the, 325

P

Painter, William, his 'Palace of Pleasure' and _Romeo and Juliet_, 55 _All's Well that Ends Well_, 163 _Timon of Athens_, 243 and _Coriolanus_, 246

_Palaemon and Arcyte_, a lost play, 260

_Palamon and Arsett_, a lost play, 260

Palmer, John, actor, 337

'Palladis Tamia,' eulogy on the poet in, 178

'Pandora,' Soothern's collection of love-sonnets, 138 _n_ 2

_Pandosto_ (afterwards called _Dorastus and Fawnia_), Shakespeare's indebtedness to, 251

Parodies on sonnetteering, 106-8 122 and _n_

'Parthenophil and Parthenophe,' Barnes's, 132

Pasquier, Estienne, 443

Passerat, Jean, 443

'Passionate Centurie of Love,' Watson's, the passage on Time in, 77 plagiarisation of Petrarch in, 101 _n_ 4 102 427 _n_ 2 428

'Passionate Pilgrim,' piratical insertion of two sonnets in, 98 182 437 the contents of, 182 _n_ 299 printed with Shakespeare's poems, 300

Patrons of companies of players, 35 adulation offered to, 138 and _n_ 2 140 141 440 and _n_

Pavier, Thomas, printer, 180

'Pecorone, Il,' by Ser Giovanni Fiorentino, Shakespeare's indebtedness to, 14 66 and _n_ 3 172 W. G. Waters's translation of, 66 _n_ 3

Peele, George, 57 his share in the original draft of _Henry VI_, 60

Pembroke, Countess of, dedication of Daniel's 'Delia' to, 130 429 homage paid to, by Nicholas Breton, 138 _n_ 2

Pembroke, Henry, second Earl of, his company of players, perform _Henry VI_ (part iii.), 36 59 and _Titus Andronicus_, 66

Pembroke, William, third Earl of, the question of the identification of 'Mr. W. H.' with, 94 406-15 performance at his Wilton residence, 231 232 _n_ 1 411 dedication of the First Folio to, 306 his alleged relations with Shakespeare, 411-15 the identification of the 'dark lady' with his mistress, Mary Fitton, 123 _n_ 409 the mistaken notion that Shakespeare was his _protege_, 123 _n_ dedications by Thorpe to, 399 and _n_ 1 403 _n_ 2

Penrith, Shakespeares at, 1

Pepys, his criticisms of _The Tempest_ and _Midsummer Night's Dream_, 329

Percy, William, his sonnets, entitled 'Coelia,' 435

Perez, Antonio, and Antonio in _The Merchant of Venice_, 68 _n_

_Pericles_: date of composition, 242 a work of collaboration, 242 the poet's contributions, 244 dates of the various editions, 244 not included in the First Folio, 305 included in Third Folio, 313 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Perkes (Clement), in _Henry IV._, member of a family at Stinchcombe Hill in the sixteenth century, 168

'Perkins Folio,' forgeries in the, 312 317 _n_ 2 367 and _n_

Personalities on the stage, 215 _n_ 1

Peruse, Jean de la, 443

Petowe, Henry, elegy on Queen Elizabeth by, 148

Petrarch, emulated by Elizabethan sonnetteers, 84 85 86 _n_ feigns old age in his sonnets, 86 _n_ his metre, 95 Spenser's translations from, 101 imitation of his sonnets justified by Gabriel Harvey, 101 _n_ 4 plagiarisms of, admitted by sonnetteers, 101 _n_ 4 Wyatt's translations of two of his sonnets, 101 _n_ 4 427 plagiarised indirectly by Shakespeare, 101 111 and _n_ 113 _n_ 1 the melancholy of his sonnets, 152 _n_ imitated in France, 443

Phelps, Samuel, 325 339

Phillips, Augustine, actor, friend of Shakespeare, 36 induced to revive _Richard II_ at the Globe in 1601, 175 his death, 264

Phillips, Edward (Milton's nephew), criticism of the poet by, 362 editor of Drummond's Sonnets, 439 _n_ 1

'Phillis,' Lodge's, 118 _n_ 2 433 and _n_ 3

Philosophy, Chapman's sonnets in praise of, 441

'Phoenix and the Turtle, The,' 183 184 304

Pichot, A., 350

'Pierce Pennilesse.' See Nash, Thomas (2)

'Pierces Supererogation,' by Gabriel Harvey, 101 _n_ 4 105

Pindar, his claim for the immortality of verse, 114 and _n_ 1

Plague, the, in Stratford-on-Avon, 10 in London, 65 231

Plautus, the plot of the _Comedy of Errors_ drawn from, 16 translation of, 54

Plays, sale of, 47 and _n_ revision of, 47 their publication deprecated by playhouse authorities, 48 _n_ only a small proportion printed, 48 _n_ prices paid for, 202 _n_

'Pleiade, La,' title of the literary comrades of Ronsard, 442 list of, 443

'Plutarch,' North's translation of, Shakespeare's indebtedness 10 47 162 211 243 245 and _n_ 246 and _n_

Poaching episode, the, 27 28

'Poetaster,' Jonson's, 217 218 and _n_

Poland, translations and performances of Shakespeare in, 353

Pontoux, Claude de, name of his heroine copied by Drayton, 104

Pope, Alexander, 297 edition of Shakespeare by, 315

Porto, Luigi da, adapts the story of Romeo and Juliet, 55 _n_ 1

Portraits of the poet, 286-93 296 _n_ 2 the 'Stratford' portrait, 287 Droeshout's engraving, 287 288 300 306 the 'Droeshout' painting, 288-91 portrait in the Clarendon gallery, 291 'Ely House' portrait, 290 291 Chandos portrait, 292 293 'Jansen' portrait, 293 294 'Felton' and 'Soest' portraits, 294 miniatures, 295

Pott, Mrs. Henry, 372

Prevost, Abbe, 348

Pritchard, Mrs., 336

Procter, Bryan Waller (Barry Cornwall), 324

_Promos and Cassandra_, 237

Prospero, character of, 257

Provinces, the, practice of theatrical touring in, 39-42 65

Publication of dramas: deprecated by playhouse authorities, 48 _n_ only a small proportion of the dramas of the period printed, 48 _n_ sixteen of Shakespeare's plays published in his lifetime, 48

Punning, 418 419 _n_

_Puritaine_, _or the Widdow of Watling-streete_, _The_, 180 313

Puritanism, alleged prevalence in Stratford-on-Avon of, 10 _n_ 268 _n_ 2 its hostility to dramatic representations, 10 _n_ 212 213 _n_ 1 the poet's references to, 268 _n_

'Pyramus and Thisbe,' 397

Q

Quarles, John, 'Banishment of Tarquin' of, 300

Quarto editions of the plays, in the poet's lifetime, 301 302 posthumous, 302 303 of the poems in the poet's lifetime, 299 posthumous, 300

'Quatorzain,' term applied to the Sonnet, 427 _n_ 2 cf. 429 _n_ 1

'Queen's Children of the Chapel,' the, 34 35 38 213-17

Queen's Company of Actors, the, welcomed to Stratford-on-Avon by John Shakespeare, 10 its return to London, 33 35 231 _n_

Quiney, Thomas, marries Judith Shakespeare, 271 his residence and trade in Stratford, 280 his children, 281

Quinton, baptism of one of the Hacket family at, 165

R

Rapp, M., German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

Ralegh, Sir Walter, extravagant apostrophe to Queen Elizabeth by, 137 _n_ 1 182 _n_

'Ratseis Ghost,' and Ratsey's address to the players, 185 199

Ravenscroft, Edward, on _Titus Andronicus_, 65 332

Reed, Isaac, 321 322

Reformation, the, at Stratford-on-Avon, 10 _n_

Rehan, Miss Ada, 342

Religion and Philosophy, sonnets on, 440 441

_Return from Parnassus_, _The_, 198 199 _n_ 1 218-20 277

Revision of plays, the poet's, 47 48

Reynoldes, William, the poet's legacy to, 276

Rich, Barnabe, story of 'Apollonius and Silla' by, 53 210

Rich, Penelope, Lady, Sidney's passion for, 428

_Richard II_: the influence of Marlowe, 63 64 published anonymously, 63 the deposition scene, 64 the facts drawn from Holinshed, 64 its revival on the eve of the rising of the Earl of Essex, 175 383 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Richard III_: the influence of Marlowe, 63 materials drawn from Holinshed, 63 Mr. Swinburne's criticism, 63 Burbage's impersonation of the hero, 63 published anonymously, 63 Colley Cibber's adaptation, 335 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Richardson, John, one of the sureties for the bond against impediments respecting Shakespeare's marriage, 20 22

Richmond Palace, performances at, 82 230

Ristori, Madame, 352

Roberts, James, printer, 225 226 303 431

Robinson, Clement, use of the word 'sonnet' by, 427 _n_ 2

Roche, Walter, master of Stratford Grammar School, 13

_Roles_, Shakespeare's: at Greenwich Palace, 43 44 _n_ 1 in _Every Man in his Humour_, 44 in _Sejanus_, 44 the Ghost in _Hamlet_, 44 'played some kingly parts in sport,' 44 Adam in _As You Like It_, 44

Rolfe, Mr. W. J, 325

_Romeo and Juliet_, 54 plot drawn from the Italian, 55 date of composition, 56 first printed, 56 authentic and revised version of 1599, 56 two choruses in the sonnet form, 84 satirical allusion to sonnetteering, 108 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-35

_Romeus and Juliet_, Arthur Brooke's, 55 322

Ronsard, plagiarised by English sonnetteers, 102 103 _n_ 3 432 _seq._ by Shakespeare, 111 112 and _n_ 1 his claim for the immortality of verse, 114 and _n_ 1 116 _n_ his sonnets of vituperation, 121 first gave the sonnet a literary vogue in France, 442 and 'La Pleiade,' 442 modern reprint of his works, 445 _n_

Rosalind, played by a boy, 38 _n_ 2

Rosaline, praised for her 'blackness,' 118 119

'Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacie,' Lodge's, 209

Rose Theatre, Bankside: erected by Philip Henslowe, 36 opened by Lord Strange's company, 36 the scene of the poet's first successes, 37 performance of _Henry VI_, 56 production of the _Venesyon Comedy_, 69

Rossi, representation of Shakespeare by, 352

Roussillon, Countess of, 163

Rowe, Nicholas, on the parentage of Shakespeare's wife, 18 on Shakespeare's poaching escapade, 27 on Shakespeare's performance of the Ghost in _Hamlet_, 44 on the story of Southampton's gift to Shakespeare, 126 on Queen Elizabeth's enthusiasm for the character of Falstaff, 171 on the poet's last years at Stratford, 266 on John Combe's epitaph, 269 _n_ his edition of the poet's plays, 314 362

Rowington, the Richard and William Shakespeares of, 2

Rowlands, Samuel, 397

Rowley, William, 181 243

Roydon, Matthew, poem on Sir Philip Sidney, 140 184 _n_

Rumelin, Gustav, 345

Rupert, Prince, at Stratford-on-Avon, 281

Rusconi, Carlo, Italian prose version of Shakespeare issued by, 352

Russia, translations and performances of Shakespeare in, 352 353

Rymer, Thomas, his censure of the poet, 329

S

S., M. I., tribute to the poet thus headed, 327 and _n_ 328

S., W., initials in Willobie's book, 156 157 commonness of the initials, 157 _n_ use of the initials on works fraudulently attributed to the poet, 179 180

Sackville, Thomas, 408 _n_

Sadler, Hamlett, the poet's legacy to, 276

Saint-Saens, M., opera of _Henry VIII_ by, 351

St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, a William Shakespeare in 1598 living in, 38 and _n_ 1

Sainte-Marthe, Scevole de, 443

Salvini, representation of _Othello_ by, 352

Sand, George, translation of _As You Like It_ by, 351

Sandells, Fulk, one of the sureties for the bond against impediments with respect to Shakespeare's marriage, 20 22 supervisor of Richard Hathaway's will, 22

Saperton, 27 29

'Sapho and Phao,' address to Cupid in, 97 _n_

_Satiro-Mastix_, a retort to Jonson's _Cynthia's Revels_, 215

Savage, Mr. Richard, 165 _n_ 363

'Saviolo's Practise,' 209

Scenery unknown in Shakespeare's day, 38 and _n_ 2 designed by Inigo Jones for masques, 38 _n_ 2 Sir Philip Sidney on difficulties arising from its absence, 38 _n_ 2

Schiller, adaptation of _Macbeth_ for the stage by, 345

Schlegel, A. W. von, 180 German translation of Shakespeare by, 343 lectures on Shakespeare by, 344

Schmidt, Alexander, 364

'Schoole of Abuse,' 67

Schroeder, F. U. L., German actor of Shakespeare, 346

Schubert, Franz, setting of Shakepearean songs by, 347

Schumann, setting of Shakespearean songs by, 347

'Scillaes Metamorphosis,' Lodge's, drawn upon by Shakespeare for 'Venus and Adonis,' 75 and _n_ 2

Scoloker, Anthony, in 'Daiphantus,' 277

Scotland, Shakespeare's alleged travels in, 40-42 visits of actors to, 41

Scott, Reginald, allusion to Monarcho in 'The Discoverie of Witchcraft' of, 51 _n_

Scott, Sir Walter, at Charlecote, 28

_Scourge of Folly_, 44 _n_ 2

Sedley, Sir Charles, apostrophe to the poet, 331

_Sejanus_, Shakespeare takes part in the performance of, 44 401

_Selimus_, 179

Serafino dell' Aquila, Watson's indebtedness to, 77 _n_ 2 102 103 _n_ 1 442 _n_

Seve, Maurice, 104 and _n_ 430 442 445 _n_ 1

Sewell, Dr. George, 315

'Shadow of the Night, The,' Chapman's, 135 _n_

Shakespeare, the surname of, 1 2 cf. 24 _n_

Shakespeare, Adam, 1

Shakespeare, Ann, a sister of the poet, 11

Shakespeare, Anne (or Agnes): her parentage, 18 19 her marriage to the poet, 18 19-22 assumed identification of her with Anne Whateley, 23 24 and _n_ her debt, 187 her husband's bequest to her, 273 her widow's dower barred, 274 and _n_ her wish to be buried in her husband's grave, 274 committed by her husband to the care of the elder daughter, 275 her death, 280 and _n_

Shakespeare, Edmund, a brother of the poet, is 'a player,' 283 death, 283

Shakespeare, Gilbert, a brother of the poet, 11 witnesses his brother's performance of Adam in _As You Like It_, 44 apparently had a son named Gilbert, 283 his death not recorded, 283

Shakespeare, Hamnet, son of the poet, 26 187

Shakespeare, Henry, one of the poet's uncles, 3 4 186

Shakespeare, Joan (1), 7

Shakespeare, Joan (2), see Hart, Joan

Shakespeare, John (1), the first recorded holder of this surname (thirteenth century), 1

Shakespeare, John (2), the poet's father, administrator of Richard Shakespeare's estate, 3 4 claims that his grandfather received a grant of land from Henry VII, 2 189 leaves Snitterfield for Stratford-on-Avon, 4 his business, 4 his property in Stratford and his municipal offices, 5 marries Mary Arden, 6 7 his children, 7 his house in Henley Street, Stratford, 8 11 appointed alderman and bailiff, 10 welcomes actors at Stratford, 10 his alleged sympathies with puritanism, 10 _n_ his application for a grant of arms, 2 10 _n_ 188-92 his financial difficulties, 11 12 his younger children, 11 writ of distraint issued against him, 12 deprived of his alderman's gown, 12 his trade of butcher, 18 increase of pecuniary difficulties, 186 relieved by the poet, 187 his death, 204

Shakespeare or Shakspere, John (a shoemaker), another resident at Stratford, 12 _n_ 3

Shakespeare, Judith, the poet's second daughter, 26 205 her marriage to Thomas Quiney, 271 her father's bequest to her, 275 her children, 280 281 her death, 281

Shakespeare, Margaret, 7

Shakespeare, Mary, the poet's mother: her marriage, 6 7 her ancestry and parentage, 6 7 her property, 7 her title to bear the arms of the Arden family, 191 her death, 266

Shakespeare, Richard, a brother of the poet, 11 266 his death, 283

Shakespeare, Richard, of Rowington, 2

Shakespeare, Richard, of Snitterfield, probably the poet's grandfather, 3 his family, 3 4 letters of administration of his estate, 3 and _n_ 3

Shakespeare, Richard, of Wroxhall, 3

Shakespeare, Susanna, a daughter of the poet, 22 _See also_ Hall, Mrs. Susanna

Shakespeare, Thomas, probably one of the poet's uncles, 3 4

SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM: parentage and birthplace, 1-9 childhood, education, and marriage, 10-24 (_see also_ Education of Shakespeare; Poaching; Shakespeare, Anne) departure from Stratford, 27-31 theatrical employment, 32-4 joins the Lord Chamberlain's company, 36 his _roles_, 43 his first plays, 50-73 publication of his poems, 74 76 _seq._ his Sonnets, 83-124 151-6 patronage of the Earl of Southampton, 125-50 374 plays composed between 1595 and 1598, 161-73 his popularity and influence, 176-79 returns to Stratford, 187 buys New Place, 193 financial position before 1599, 196 _seq._ financial position after 1599, 200 _seq._ formation of his estate at Stratford, 204 _seq._ plays written between 1599 and 1609, 207-47 the latest plays, 248 _seq._ performance of his plays at Court, 264 (_see also_ Court; Whitehall; Elizabeth, Queen; James I) final settlement in Stratford (1611), 266 _seq._ death (1616), 272 his will, 273 _seq._ monument at Stratford, 276 personal character, 277-9 his survivors and descendants, 280 _seq._ autographs, portraits, and memorials, 284-98 bibliography, 299-325 his posthumous reputation in England and abroad, 326-54 general estimate of his work, 355-7 biographical sources, 361-5 alleged relation between him and the Earl of Pembroke, 411-15

Shakespeare Gallery in Pall Mall, 341

'Shakespeare Society,' the, 333 365

Shallow, Justice, Sir Thomas Lucy caricatured as, 29 his house in Gloucestershire, 167 168 173

Sheldon copy of the First Folio, the, 309 310

Shelton, Thomas, translator of 'Don Quixote,' 258

Shiels, Robert, compiler of 'Lives of the Poets,' 32 _n_ 3

Shottery, Anne Hathaway's Cottage at, 19

Shylock, sources of the portrait of, 67 68 and _n_

Siddons, Mrs. Sarah, 337 338

Sidney, Sir Philip: on the absence of scenery in a theatre, 38 _n_ 2 translation of verses from 'Diana,' 53 Shakespeare's indebtedness to him, 61 addressed as 'Willy' by some of his eulogists, 81 his 'Astrophel and Stella,' brings the sonnet into vogue, 83 piracy of his sonnets, 88 _n_ 432 circulation of manuscript copies of his 'Arcadia,' 88 _n_ his addresses to Cupid in his 'Astrophel,' 97 _n_ warns the public against the insincerity of sonnetteers, 104 on the conceit of the immortalising power of verse, 114 his praise of 'blackness,' 119 and _n_ 1 sonnet on 'Desire,' 153 use of the word 'will,' 417 editions of 'Astrophel and Stella,' 428 429 popularity of his works, 429

Sidney, Sir Robert, 382

Singer, Samuel Weller, 324

Sly, Christopher, probably drawn from life, 164 165 166 167 221 _n_

Smethwick, John, bookseller, 304

Smith, Richard, publisher, 431

Smith, Wentworth, 157 _n_ plays produced by, 180 _n_

Smith, William, sonnets of, 138 _n_ 2 157 _n_ 390 437

Smith, Mr. W. H., and the Baconian hypothesis, 372

Smithson, Miss, actress, 351

Snitterfield, Richard Shakespeare rents land of Robert Arden at, 3 6 departure of John Shakespeare, the poet's father, from, 4 the Arden property at, 7 sale of Mary Shakespeare's property at, 12 and _n_ 1 186

Snodham, Thomas, printer, 180

Somers, Sir George, wrecked off the Bermudas, 252

Somerset House, Shakespeare and his company at, 233 and _n_ 2

Sonnet in France (1550-1600), the, bibliographical note on (Appendix X.), 442-5

Sonnets, Shakespeare's: the poet's first attempts, 84 the majority probably composed in 1594, 85 a few written between 1594 and 1603 (e.g. cvii.) their literary value, 87 88 circulation in manuscript, 88 396 commended by Meres, 89 their piratical publication in 1609, 89-94 390 their form, 95 96 want of continuity, 96 100 the two 'groups,' 96 97 main topics of the first 'group,' 98 99 main topics of the second 'group,' 99 100 rearrangement in the edition of 1640, 100 autobiographical only in a limited sense, 100 109 125 152 160 censure of them by Sir John Davies, 107 their borrowed conceits, 109-24 indebtedness to Drayton, Petrarch, Ronsard, De Baif, Desportes, and others, 110-12 the poet's claim of immortality for his sonnets, 113-16 cf. 114 _n_ 1 the 'Will Sonnets,' 117 (and Appendix VIII) praise of 'blackness,' 118 vituperation, 120-4 'dedicatory' sonnets, 125 _seq._ the 'rival poet,' 130-6 sonnets of friendship, 136 138-47 the supposed story of intrigue 153-8 summary of conclusions respecting the sonnets, 158-60 edition of 1640, 300

Sonnets, quoted with explanatory comments: xx. 93 _n_ : xxvi. 128 _n_ : xxxii. 128 129 _n_ : xxxvii. 130 xxxviii. 129 : xxxix. 130 : xlvi.-xlvii. 112 113 _n_ 1 lv. 115 116 : lxxiv. 130 (_quot._) : lxxviii. 125 lxxx. 134 : lxxxv. 133 : lxxxvi. 132 : lxxxviii. 133 lxxxix. 133 : xciv. 1 14 72 89 : c. 126 ciii. 126 : cvii. 13 _n_ 87 147 149 380 cviii. 130 : cx. 44 130 : cxi. 45 : cxix. 152 and _n_ cxxiv. 425 : cxxvi. 97 and _n_ : cxxvii. 118 cxxix. 152 153 and _n_ 1 : cxxxii. 118 cxxxv.-cxxxvi. 420-424 : cxxxviii. 89 cxliii. 93 _n_ 425 426 and _n_ : cxliv. 89 153 301 cliii.-cliv. 113 and _n_ 2 the vogue of the Elizabethan: English sonnettering inaugurated by Wyatt and Surrey, 83 427 428 followed by Thomas Watson, 83 428 Sidney's 'Astrophel and Stella,' 83 428 429 and _n_ poets celebrate patrons' virtues in sonnets, 84 conventional device of sonnetteers of feigning old age, 85 86 _n_ lack of genuine sentiment, 100 French and Italian models, 101 and _n_ 1 102-5 Appendices IX. and X. translations from Du Bellay, Desportes, and Petrarch, 101 and _n_ 4 102 103 admissions of insincerity, 105 censure of false sentiment in sonnets, 106 Shakespeare's scornful allusions to sonnets in his plays, 107 108 vituperative sonnets, 120-24 the word 'sonnet' often used for 'song' or 'poem,' 427 _n_ 2 I. Collected sonnets of feigned love, 1591-7, 429-40 II. Sonnets to patrons, 440 III. Sonnets on philosophy and religion, 440 441 number of sonnets published between 1591 and 1597, 439-41 various poems in other stanzas practically belonging to the sonnet category, 438 _n_ 2

Soothern, John, sonnets to the Earl of Oxford, 138 _n_ 2

Sophocles, parallelisms with the works of Shakespeare, 13 _n_

Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of, 53 the dedications to him of 'Venus and Adonis' and 'Lucrece,' 74 77 his patronage of Florio, 84 _n_ his patronage of Shakespeare, 126-50 his gift to the poet, 126 200 his youthful appearance, 143 his identity with the youth of Shakespeare's sonnets of 'friendship' evidenced by his portraits, 144 and _n_ 145 146 imprisonment, 146 147 380 his long hair, 146 _n_ 2 his beauty, 377 his youthful career, 374-381 as a literary patron, 382-9

Southwell, Robert, circulation of incorrect copies of 'Mary Magdalene's Tears' by, 88 _n_ publication of "A Foure-fould Meditation' by, 92 400 and _n_ 401 _n_ dedication of his 'Short Rule of Life,' 397

Southwell, Father Thomas, 371

Spanish, translation of Shakespeare's plays into, 354

_Spanish Tragedy_, Kyd's, popularity of, 65 221 quoted in the _Taming of the Shrew_, 221 _n_

Spedding, James, 262

Spelling of the poet's name, 284-6

Spenser, Edmund: probably attracted to Shakespeare by the poems 'Venus and Adonis' and 'Lucrece,' 79 his description of Shakespeare in 'Colin Clouts come home againe,' 79 Shakespeare's reference to Spenser's work in _Midsummer Night's Dream_, 80 Spenser's allusion to 'our pleasant Willy' not a reference to the poet, 80 and _n_ his description of the 'gentle spirit' no description of Shakespeare, 81 and _n_ 2 translation of sonnets from Du Bellay and Petrarch, 101 called by Gabriel Harvey 'an English Petrarch,' 101 and cf. _n_ 4 on the immortalising power of verse, 115 his apostrophe to Admiral Lord Charles Howard, 140 his 'Amoretti,' 115 435 and _n_ 5 436 dedication of his 'Faerie Queene,' 398

'Spirituall Sonnettes' by Constable, 440

Sport, Shakespeare's knowledge of, 26 27 and _n_ 173

Stael, Madame de, 449

Stafford, Lord, his company of actors, 33

Stage, conditions of, in Shakespeare's day: absence of scenery and scenic costume, 38 and _n_ 2 the performance of female parts by men or boys, 38 and _n_ 2 the curtain and balcony of the stage, 38 _n_ 2

Stanhope of Harrington, Lord, 234 _n_

'Staple of News, The,' Jonson's quotations from _Julius Caesar_ in, 220 _n_

Staunton, Howard, 311 his edition of the poet, 323 324

Steele, Richard, on Betterton's rendering of Othello, 334

Steevens, George: his edition of Shakespeare, 320 his revision of Johnson's edition, 320 321 his criticisms, 320 321 the 'Puck of commentators,' 321

Stinchcombe Hill referred to as 'the Hill' in _Henry IV_, 168

Stopes, Mrs. C. C., 363

Strange, Lord. _See_ Derby, Earl of

Straparola, 'Notti' of, and the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, 172

Stratford-on-Avon, settlement of John Shakespeare, the poet's father, at, 4 property owned by John Shakespeare in, 5 8 the poet's birthplace at, 8 9 the Shakespeare Museum at, 8 297 the plague in 1564 at, 10 actors for the first time at, 10 and the Reformation, 10 _n_ the Shoemakers' Company and its Master, 12 _n_ 3 the grammar school, 13 Shakespeare's departure from, 27 29 31 native place of Richard Field, 32 allusions in the _Taming of the Shrew_ to, 164 the poet's return in 1596 to, 187 the poet's purchase of New Place, 193 appeals from townsmen to the poet for aid, 195 196 the poet's purchase of land at, 203 204-6 the poet's last years at, 264 266 attempt to enclose common lands and Shakespeare's interest in it, 269 270 the poet's death and burial at, 272 Shakespeare memorial building at, 298 the 'Jubilee' and the tercentenary, 334

Suckling, Sir John, 328

'Sugred,' an epithet applied to the poet's work, 179 and _n_ 390

Sullivan, Barry, 298

Sully, M. Mounet, 351 and _n_ 1

Sumarakow, translation into Russian by, 352

_Supposes_, the, of George Gascoigne, 164

Surrey, Earl of, sonnets of, 83 95 101 _n_ 4 427 428

Sussex, Earl of, his company of actors, 35 _Titus Andronicus_ performed by, 36 66

Swedish, translations of Shakespeare in, 354

'Sweet,' epithet applied to Shakespeare, 277

Swinburne, Mr. A. C., 63 71 72 _n_ 333 365

Sylvester, Joshua, sonnets to patrons by, 388 440 and _n_

T

Taille, Jean de la, 445 _n_

_Tamburlaine_, Marlowe's, 63

_Taming of A Shrew_, 163

_Taming of The Shrew_: probable period of production, 163 identical with _Love's Labour's Won_, 163 and _The Taming of A Shrew_, 163 164 the story of Bianca and her lovers and the _Supposes_ of George Gascoigne, 164 biographical bearing of the Induction, 164 quotation from the _Spanish Tragedy_, 221 _n_ _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 305-25

Tarleton, Richard, 81 his 'Newes out of Purgatorie' and the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, 172

Tasso, similarity of sentiment with that of Shakespeare's sonnets, 152 _n_

'Teares of Fancy,' Watson's, 428 433

'Teares of the Isle of Wight,' elegies on Southampton, 389

'Teares of the Muses,' Spenser's, referred to in _Midsummer Night's Dream_, 80

_Tempest_, _The_: traces of the influence of Ovid, 15 25 _n_ 43 the shipwreck akin to a similar scene in _Pericles_, 244 probably the latest drama completed by the poet, 251 and the shipwreck of Sir George Somers's fleet on the Bermudas, 252 the source for the plot, 253 performed at the Princess Elizabeth's nuptial festivities, 254 the date of composition, 254 and _n_ its performance at Whitehall in 1611, 254 _n_ its lyrics, 255 and _n_ Ben Jonson's scornful allusion to, 255 reflects the poet's highest imaginative powers, 256 fanciful interpretations of, 256 257 chief characters of, 256 257 and _notes_ 1 and 2. _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-325

Temple Grafton, 23 24 and _n_

'Temple Shakespeare, The,' 325

Tercentenary festival, the Shakespeare, 334

'Terrors of the Night,' piracy of, 88 _n_ nocturnal habits of 'familiars' described in, 135 _n_

Terry, Miss Ellen, 339

Theatre, The, at Shoreditch, 32 owned by James Burbage, 33 36 Shakespeare at, between 1595 and 1599, 37 demolished, and the Globe Theatre built with the materials, 37

Theatres in London: Blackfriars (_q.v._) Curtain (_q.v._) Duke's, 295 Fortune, 212 233 _n_ 1 Globe (_q.v._) Newington Butts, 37 Red Bull, 31 _n_ 2 Rose (_q.v._) Swan, 38 _n_ 2 The Theatre, Shoreditch (_q.v._)

Theobald, Lewis, his emendations of _Hamlet_, 224 publishes a play alleged to be by Shakespeare, 258 his criticism of Pope, 316 his edition of the poet's works, 316 317

Thomas, Ambroise, opera of _Hamlet_ by, 351

Thoms, W. J., 363

Thornbury, G. W., 363

Thorpe, Thomas, the piratical publisher of Shakespeare's Sonnets, 89-95 his relations with Marlowe, 90 135 _n_ adds 'A Lover's Complaint' to the collection of Sonnets, 91 his bombastic dedication to 'Mr. W. H.', 92-5 the true history of 'Mr. W. H.' and, (Appendix V.) 390-405

_Three Ladies of London_, _The_, some of the scenes in the _Merchant of Venice_ anticipated in, 67

Thyard, Ponthus de, a member of 'La Pleiade' 443 444

Tieck, Ludwig, theory respecting _The Tempest_ of, 254 333 344

Tilney, Edmund, master of the revels, 233 _n_ 2

_Timon of Athens_: date of composition, 242 written in collaboration, 242 a previous play on the same subject, 242 its sources, 243 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 305-25

_Timon_, Lucian's, 243

_Titus Andronicus_: one of the only two plays of the poet's performed by a company other than his own, 36 doubts of its authenticity, 65 internal evidence of Kyd's authorship, 65 suggested by _Titus and Vespasian_, 65 played by various companies, 66 entered on the 'Stationers' Register' in 1594, 66 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Titus and Vespasian_, _Titus Andronicus_ suggested by, 65

Tofte, Robert, sonnets by, 438 and _n_ 2

Topics of the day, Shakespeare's treatment of, 51 _n_, 52

Tottel's 'Miscellany,' 427 428

Tours of English actors: in foreign countries between 1580 and 1630, 42 and _see_ _n_ 1 in provincial towns, 39 40-42 65 214 itinerary from 1593 to 1614, 40 _n_ 1 231

Translations of the poet's works, 342 _seq._

Travel, foreign, Shakespeare's ridicule of, 42 and _n_

'Troilus and Cresseid,' 227

_Troilus and Cressida_: allusion to the strife between adult and boy actors, 217 date of production, 217 225 the quarto and folio editions, 226 227 treatment of the theme, 227 228 the endeavour to treat the play as the poet's contribution to controversy between Jonson and Marston and Dekker, 228 _n_ plot drawn from Chaucer's 'Troilus and Cresseid and Lydgate's 'Troy Book,' 227 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

'Troy Book,' Lydgate's, 227

_True Tragedie of Richard III_, _The_, an anonymous play, 63 301

_True Tragedie of Richard_, _Duke of Yorke_, _and the death of good King Henry the Sixt_, _as it was sundrie times acted by the Earl of Pembroke his servants_, _The_, 59

Turbervile, George, use of the word 'sonnet' by, 427 _n_ 2

_Twelfth Night_: description of a betrothal, 23 _n_ indebtedness to the story of 'Apollonius and Silla,' 53 date of production, 209 allusion to the 'new map,' 209 210 _n_ 1 produced at Middle Temple Hall, 210 Manningham's description of, 210 probable source of the story, 210 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

Twiss, F., 364 _n_

_Two Gentlemen of Verona_: allusion to Valentine travelling from Verona to Milan by sea, 43 date of production, 52 probably an adaptation, 53 source of the story, 53 farcical drollery, 53 first publication, 53 influence of Lyly, 62 satirical allusion to sonnetteering, 107 108 resemblance of it to _All's Well that Ends Well_, 163 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 301-25

_Two Noble Kinsmen_, _The_: attributed to Fletcher and Shakespeare, 259 and _n_ Massinger's alleged share in its production, 259 plot drawn from Chaucer's 'Knight's Tale,' 260

Twyne, Lawrence, the story of Pericles in the 'Patterne of Painfull Adventures' by, 244

Tyler, Mr. Thomas, on the sonnets, 129 _n_ 406 _n_ 415 _n_

U

Ulrici, 'Shakespeare's Dramatic Art' by, 345

V

Variorum editions of Shakespeare, 322 323 362

Vautrollier, Thomas, the London printer, 32

_Venesyon Comedy_, _The_, produced by Henslowe at the Rose, 69

'Venus and Adonis:' published in 1593, 74 dedicated to the Earl of Southampton, 74 126 its imagery and general tone, 75 the influence of Ovid, 75 and of Lodges 'Scillaes Metamorphosis,' 75 and _n_ 2 the motto, 75 and _n_ 1 eulogies bestowed upon it, 78 79 early editions, 79 299 300

Verdi, operas by, 352

Vere, Lady Elizabeth, 378

Vernon, Mistress Elizabeth, 379

Versification, Shakespeare's, 49 and _n_ 50

Vigny, Alfred de, version of _Othello_ by, 351

Villemain, recognition of the poet's greatness by, 350

Virginia Company, 381

Visor, William, in _Henry IV_, member of a family at Woodmancote, 168

Voltaire, strictures on the poet by, 348 349

Voss, J. H., German translation of Shakespeare by, 344

W

Walden, Lord, Campion's sonnet to, 140

Wales, Henry, Prince of, the Earl of Nottingham's company of players taken into the patronage of, 231 _n_

Walker, William, the poet's godson, 276

Walker, W. Sidney, on Shakespeare's versification, 49 _n_

Walley, Henry, printer, 226

Warburton, Bishop, revised version of Pope's edition of Shakespeare by, 318 319

Ward, Dr. A. W., 365

Ward, Rev. John, on the poet's annual expenditure, 203 on the visits of Drayton and Jonson to New Place before the poet's death, 271 his account of the poet, 361

Warner, Richard, 364

Warner, William, the probable translator of the _Menaechmi_, 54

Warren, John, 300

Warwickshire: prevalence of the surname Shakespeare, 1 2 a position of the Arden family, 6 Queen Elizabeth's progress on the way to Kenilworth, 17

Watchmen in the poet's plays, 31 62

Watkins, Richard, printer, 393

Watson, Thomas, 61 the passage on Time in his 'Passionate Centurie of Love' elaborated in 'Venus and Adonis,' 77 and _n_ 2 his sonnets, 83 427 _n_ 2 428 plagiarisation of Petrarch, 101 _n_ 4 102 foreign origin of his sonnets, 103 _n_ 1 112 his 'Tears of Fancie,' 113 _n_ 1 433

'Weak endings' in Shakespeare, 49 _n_

Webbe, Alexander, makes John Shakespeare overseer of his will, 11

Webbe, Robert, buys the Snitterfield property from Shakespeare's mother, 12 and _n_

Webster, John, alludes in the _White Divel_ to Shakespeare's industry, 278 _n_

Weelkes, Thomas, 182 _n_

Weever, Thomas: his eulogy of the poet, 179 _n_ allusion in his 'Mirror of Martyrs' to Antony's speech at Caesar's funeral, 211

Welcombe, enclosure of common fields at, 269 270 and _n_

'Westward for Smelts' and the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, 172 and _n_ 3 story of Ginevra in, 249

Whateley, Anne, the assumed identification of her with Anne Hathaway, 23 24 and _n_

Wheler, R. B., 363

Whetstone, George, his _Promos and Cassandra_, 237

White, Mr. Richard Grant, 325

Whitehall, performances at, 81 82 234 235 and _n_ 241 254 _n_ 264

Wieland, Christopher Martin: his translation of Shakespeare, 343

Wilkins, George, his collaboration with Shakespeare in _Timon of Athens_ and _Pericles_, 242 243 his novel founded on the play of _Pericles_, 244

Wilks, Robert, actor, 335

Will, Shakespeare's, 203 271 273-276

'Will' sonnets, the, 117 Elizabethan meanings of 'will,' 416 Shakespeare's uses of the word, 417 the poet's puns on the word, 418 play upon 'wish' and 'will,' 419 interpretation of the word in Sonnets cxxiv.-vi. and cxliii., 420-26

'Willobie his Avisa,' 155-158

Wilmcote, house of Shakespeare's mother, 6 7 bequest to Mary Arden of the Asbies property at, 7 mortgage of the Asbies property at, 12 26 and 'Wincot' in _The Taming of the Shrew_, 166 167

Wilnecote. _See under_ Wincot

Wilson, Robert, author of _The Three Ladies of London_, 67

Wilson, Thomas, his manuscript version of 'Diana,' 53

Wilton, Shakespeare and his company at, 231 232 411 and _n_

'Wilton, Life of Jack,' by Nash, 385 and _n_ 1

Wincot (in _The Taming of the Shrew_), its identification, 165 166

'Windsucker,' Chapman's, 135 _n_

_Winter's Tale_, _A_: at the Globe in 1611, 251 acted at Court, 251 and _n_ based on Greene's _Pandosto_, 251 a few lines taken from the 'Decameron,' 251 and _n_ the presentation of country life, 251 _For_ editions _see_ Section xix. (Bibliography), 305-25

'Wire,' use of the word, for women's hair, 118 and _n_ 2

Wise, J. R., 363

Wither, George, 388 399 _n_ 2

'Wittes Pilgrimage,' Davies's, 441 _n_ 2

Women, excluded from Elizabethan stage, 38 and _n_ 2 in masques at Court, 38 _n_ 2 on the Restoration stage, 334

Women, addresses to, in sonnets, 92 117-20 122 _n_ 123 124 154

Woncot in _Henry IV_ identical with Woodmancote, 168

Wood, Anthony a, on the Earl of Pembroke, 414

Woodmancote. _See_ Woncot

Worcester, Earl of, his company of actors at Stratford, 10 35 under the patronage of Queen Anne of Denmark, 231 _n_

Worcester, registry of the diocese of, 3 20

Wordsworth, Bishop Charles, on Shakespeare and the Bible, 17 _n_ 1

Wordsworth, William, the poet, on German and French aesthetic criticism, 344 349

Wotton, Sir Henry, on the burning of the Globe Theatre, 260 261 _n_

Wright, Dr. Aldis, 314 _n_ 325

Wright, John, bookseller, 90

Wriothesley, Lord, 381

Wroxhall, the Shakespeares of, 3

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, sonnetteering of, 83 95 101 _n_ 4 427 his translations of Petrarch's sonnets, 104 _n_ 4

Wyman, W. H., 372

Wyndham, Mr. George, on the sonnets, 91 _n_ 110 _n_ on _Antony and Cleopatra_, 245 _n_ on Jacobean typography, 419 _n_

Y

Yonge, Bartholomew, translation of 'Diana' by, 53

_Yorkshire Tragedy_, _The_, 180 243 313

Z

Zepheria, a collection of sonnets called, 435 legal terminology in, 32 _n_ 2 435 the praise of Daniel's 'Delia' in, 431 435 436

FOOTNOTES.

{vii} Arnold wrote 'spiritual,' but the change of epithet is needful to render the dictum thoroughly pertinent to the topic under consideration.

{ix} I have already published portions of the papers on Shakespeare's relations with the Earls of Pembroke and Southampton in the _Fortnightly Review_ (for February of this year) and in the _Cornhill Magazine_ (for April of this year), and I have to thank the proprietors of those periodicals for permission to reproduce my material in this volume.

{x} For an account of its history see p. 295.

{xi} See pp. 309 and 311.

{1a} Camden, _Remaines_, ed. 1605, p. III; Verstegan, _Restitution_, 1605.

{1b} _Plac. Cor._ 7 Edw. I, Kanc.; cf. _Notes and Queries_, 1st ser. xi.122.

{1c} Cf. the _Register of the Guild of St. Anne at Knowle_, ed. Bickley, 1894.

{2} See p. 189.

{3a} Cf. _Times_, October 14, 1895; _Notes and Queries_, 8th ser. viii. 501; articles by Mrs. Stopes in _Genealogical Magazine_, 1897.

{3b} Cf. Halliwell-Phillipps, _Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare_, 1887, ii. 207.

{3c} The purchasing power of money was then eight times what it is now, and this and other sums mentioned should be multiplied by eight in comparing them with modern currency (see p. 197 _n_). The letters of administration in regard to Richard Shakespeare's estate are in the district registry of the Probate Court at Worcester, and were printed in full by Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps in his _Shakespeare's Tours_ (privately issued 1887), pp. 44-5. They do not appear in any edition of Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps's _Outlines_. Certified extracts appeared in _Notes and Queries_, 8th ser. xii. 463-4.

{6} French, _Genealogica Shakespeareana_, pp. 458 seq.; cf. p. 191 _infra_.

{7} Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 179.

{8} Cf. Halliwell-Phillipps, Letter to Elze, 1888.

{9} Cf. Documents and Sketches in Halliwell-Phillipps, i. 377-99.

{10} The Rev. Thomas Carter, in _Shakespeare_, _Puritan and Recusant_, 1897, has endeavoured to show that John Shakespeare was a puritan in religious matters, inclining to nonconformity. He deduces this inference from the fact that, at the period of his prominent association with the municipal government of Stratford, the corporation ordered images to be defaced (1562-3) and ecclesiastical vestments to be sold (1571). These entries merely prove that the aldermen and councillors of Stratford strictly conformed to the new religion as by law established in the first years of Elizabeth's reign. Nothing can be deduced from them in regard to the private religious opinions of John Shakespeare. The circumstance that he was the first bailiff to encourage actors to visit Stratford is, on the other hand, conclusive proof that his religion was not that of the contemporary puritan, whose hostility to all forms of dramatic representations was one of his most persistent characteristics. The Elizabethan puritans, too, according to Guillim's _Display of Heraldrie_ (1610), regarded coat-armour with abhorrence, yet John Shakespeare with his son made persistent application to the College of Arms for a grant of arms. (Cf. _infra_, p. 187 seq.)

{12a} The sum is stated to be 4 pounds in one document (Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 176) and 40 pounds in another (_ib._ p. 179); the latter is more likely to be correct.

{12b} _Ib._ ii. 238.

{12c} Efforts recently made to assign the embarrassments of Shakespeare's father to another John Shakespeare of Stratford deserve little attention. The second John Shakespeare or Shakspere (as his name is usually spelt) came to Stratford as a young man in 1584, and was for ten years a well-to-do shoemaker in Bridge Street, filling the office of Master of the Shoemakers' Company in 1592--a certain sign of pecuniary stability. He left Stratford in 1594 (cf. Halliwell-Phillipps, 137-40).

{13} James Russell Lowell, who noticed some close parallels between expressions of Shakespeare and those of the Greek tragedians, hazarded the suggestion that Shakespeare may have studied the ancient drama in a _Grace et Latine_ edition. I believe Lowell's parallelisms to be no more than curious accidents--proofs of consanguinity of spirit, not of any indebtedness on Shakespeare's part. In the _Electra_ of Sophocles, which is akin in its leading motive to _Hamlet_, the Chorus consoles Electra for the supposed death of Orestes with the same commonplace argument as that with which Hamlet's mother and uncle seek to console him. In _Electra_, are the lines 1171-3:

[Greek text]

(_i.e._ 'Remember, Electra, your father whence you sprang is mortal. Mortal, too, is Orestes. Wherefore grieve not overmuch, for by all of us has this debt of suffering to be paid'). In _Hamlet_ (I. ii. 72 sq.) are the familiar sentences:

Thou know'st 'tis common; all that live must die. But you must know, your father lost a father; That father lost, lost his . . . But to persever In obstinate condolement is a course Of impious stubbornness.

Cf. Sophocles's _OEdipus Coloneus_, 880: [Greek text] ('In a just cause the weak vanquishes the strong,' Jebb), and 2 _Henry VI_, iii. 233, 'Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just.' Shakespeare's 'prophetic soul' in _Hamlet_ (I. v. 40) and the _Sonnets_ (cvii. I) may be matched by the [Greek text] of Euripides's _Andromache_, 1075; and Hamlet's 'sea of troubles' (III. i. 59) by the [Greek text] of AEschylus's _Persae_, 443. Among all the creations of Shakespearean and Greek drama, Lady Macbeth and AEschylus's Clytemnestra, who 'in man's counsels bore no woman's heart' ([Greek text], _Agamemnon_, II), most closely resemble each other. But a study of the points of resemblance attests no knowledge of AEschylus on Shakespeare's part, but merely the close community of tragic genius that subsisted between the two poets.

{15} Macray, _Annals of the Bodleian Library_, 1890, pp. 379 seq.

{16} Cf. Spencer Baynes, 'What Shakespeare learnt at School,' in _Shakespeare Studies_, 1894, pp. 147 seq.

{17a} Bishop Charles Wordsworth, in his _Shakespeare's Knowledge and Use of the Bible_ (4th edit. 1892), gives a long list of passages for which Shakespeare may have been indebted to the Bible. But the Bishop's deductions as to the strength of Shakespeare's piety are strained.

{17b} See p. 161 _infra_.

{18} Notes of John Dowdall, a tourist in Warwickshire in 1693 (published in 1838).

{21} These conclusions are drawn from an examination of like documents in the Worcester diocesan registry. Many formal declarations of consent on the part of parents to their children's marriages are also extant there among the sixteenth-century archives.

{23} _Twelfth Night_, act v. sc. i. ll. 160-4:

A contract of eternal bond of love, Confirm'd by mutual joinder of your hands, Attested by the holy close of lips, Strengthen'd by interchangement of your rings; And all the ceremony of this compact Seal'd in my [_i.e._ the priest's] function by my testimony.

In _Measure for Measure_ Claudio's offence is intimacy with the Lady Julia after the contract of betrothal and before the formality of marriage (cf. act i. sc. ii. l. 155, act iv. sc. i. l. 73).

{24} No marriage registers of the period are extant at Temple Grafton to inform us whether Anne Whately actually married _her_ William Shakespeare or who precisely the parties were. A Whateley family resided in Stratford, but there is nothing to show that Anne of Temple Grafton was connected with it. The chief argument against the conclusion that the marriage license and the marriage bond concerned different couples lies in the apparent improbability that two persons, both named William Shakespeare, should on two successive days not only be arranging with the Bishop of Worcester's official to marry, but should be involving themselves, whether on their own initiative or on that of their friends, in more elaborate and expensive forms of procedure than were habitual to the humbler ranks of contemporary society. But the Worcester diocese covered a very wide area, and was honeycombed with Shakespeare families of all degrees of gentility. The William Shakespeare whom Anne Whately was licensed to marry may have been of a superior station, to which marriage by license was deemed appropriate. On the unwarranted assumption of the identity of the William Shakespeare of the marriage bond with the William Shakespeare of the marriage license, a romantic theory has been based to the effect that 'Anne Whateley of Temple Grafton,' believing herself to have a just claim to the poet's hand, secured the license on hearing of the proposed action of Anne Hathaway's friends, and hoped, by moving in the matter a day before the Shottery husbandmen, to insure Shakespeare's fidelity to his alleged pledges.

{25a} _Twelfth Night_, act ii. sc. iv. l. 29:

Let still the woman take An elder than herself; so wears she to him, So sways she level in her husband's heart.

{25b} Tempest, act iv. sc. i. ll. 15-22:

If thou dost break her virgin knot before All sanctimonious ceremonies may With full and holy rite be minister'd, No sweet aspersion shall the heavens let fall To make this contract grow; but barren hate, Sour-ey'd disdain, and discord, shall bestrew The union of your bed with weeds so loathly That you shall hate it both.

{26} Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 11-13.

{27} Cf. Ellacombe, _Shakespeare as an Angler_, 1883; J. E. Harting, _Ornithology of Shakespeare_, 1872. The best account of Shakespeare's knowledge of sport is given by the Right Hon. D. H. Madden in his entertaining and at the same time scholarly _Diary of Master William Silence_: _a Study of Shakespeare and Elizabethan Sport_, 1897.

{28} Cf. C. Holte Bracebridge, _Shakespeare no Deerstealer_, 1862; Lockhart, _Life of Scott_, vii. 123.

{30} Cf. W. J. Thoms, _Three Notelets on Shakespeare_, 1865, pp. 16 seq.

{31a} Cf. Hales, _Notes on Shakespeare_, 1884, pp. 1-24.

{31b} The common assumption that Richard Burbage, the chief actor with whom Shakespeare was associated, was a native of Stratford is wholly erroneous. Richard was born in Shoreditch, and his father came from Hertfordshire. John Heming, another of Shakespeare's actor-friends who has also been claimed as a native of Stratford, was beyond reasonable doubt born at Droitwich in Worcestershire. Thomas Greene, a popular comic actor at the Red Bull Theatre early in the seventeenth century, is conjectured to have belonged to Stratford on no grounds that deserve attention; Shakespeare was in no way associated with him.

{32a} Blades, _Shakspere and Typography_, 1872.

{32b} Cf. Lord Campbell, _Shakespeare's Legal Acquirements_, 1859. Legal terminology abounded in all plays and poems of the period, e.g. Barnabe Barnes's _Sonnets_, 1593, and _Zepheria_, 1594 (see Appendix IX.)

{32c} Commonly assigned to Theophilus Cibber, but written by Robert Shiels and other hack-writers under Cibber's editorship.

{38a} The site of the Blackfriars Theatre is now occupied by the offices of the 'Times' newspaper in Queen Victoria Street, E.C.

{38b} Cf. _Exchequer Lay Subsidies City of London_, 146/369, Public Record Office; _Notes and Queries_, 8th ser. viii. 418.

{38c} Shakespeare alludes to the appearance of men or boys in women's parts when he makes Rosalind say laughingly to the men of the audience in the epilogue to _As you like it_, '_If I were a woman_, I would kiss as many,' etc. Similarly, Cleopatra on her downfall in _Antony and Cleopatra_, V. ii. 220 seq., laments:

the quick comedians Extemporally will stage us . . . and I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness.

Men taking women's parts seem to have worn masks. Flute is bidden by Quince play Thisbe 'in a mask' in _Midsummer Night's Dream_ (I. ii. 53). In French and Italian theatres of the time women seem to have acted publicly, but until the Restoration public opinion in England deemed the appearance of a woman on a public stage to be an act of shamelessness on which the most disreputable of her sex would hardly venture. With a curious inconsistency ladies of rank were encouraged at Queen Elizabeth's Court, and still more frequently at the Courts of James I and Charles I, to take part in private and amateur representations of masques and short dramatic pageants. During the reign of James I scenic decoration, usually designed by Inigo Jones, accompanied the production of masques in the royal palaces, but until the Restoration the public stages were bare of any scenic contrivance except a front curtain opening in the middle and a balcony or upper platform resting on pillars at the back of the stage, from which portions of the dialogue were sometimes spoken, although occasionally the balcony seems to have been occupied by spectators (cf. a sketch made by a Dutch visitor to London in 1596 of the stage of the Swan Theatre in _Zur Kenntniss der altenglischen Buhne von Karl Theodor Gaedertz_. _Mit der ersten authentischen innern Ansicht der Schwans Theater in London_, Bremen, 1888). Sir Philip Sidney humorously described the spectator's difficulties in an Elizabethan playhouse, where, owing to the absence of stage scenery, he had to imagine the bare boards to present in rapid succession a garden, a rocky coast, a cave, and a battlefield (_Apologie for Poetrie_, p. 52). Three flourishes on a trumpet announced the beginning of the performance, but a band of fiddlers played music between the acts. The scenes of each act were played without interruption.

{40a} Cf. Halliwell-Phillipps's _Visits of Shakespeare's Company of Actors to the Provincial Cities and Towns of England_ (privately printed, 1887). From the information there given, occasionally supplemented from other sources, the following imperfect itinerary is deduced:

1593. Bristol and Shrewsbury.

1594. Marlborough.

1597. Faversham, Bath, Rye, Bristol, Dover and Marlborough.

1603. Richmond (Surrey), Bath, Coventry, Shrewsbury, Mortlake, Wilton House.

1604. Oxford.

1605. Barnstaple and Oxford.

1606. Leicester, Saffron Walden, Marlborough, Oxford, Dover and Maidstone.

1607. Oxford.

1608. Coventry and Marlborough.

1609. Hythe, New Romney and Shrewsbury.

1610. Dover, Oxford and Shrewsbury.

1612. New Romney.

1613. Folkestone, Oxford and Shrewsbury.

1614. Coventry.

{40b} Cf. Knight's _Life of Shakespeare_ (1843), p. 41; Fleay, _Stage_, pp. 135-6.

{41a} The favour bestowed by James VI on these English actors was so marked as to excite the resentment of the leaders of the Kirk. The English agent, George Nicolson, in a (hitherto unpublished) despatch dated from Edinburgh on November 12, 1599, wrote: 'The four Sessions of this Town (without touch by name of our English players, Fletcher and Mertyn [_i.e._ Martyn], with their company), and not knowing the King's ordinances for them to play and be heard, enacted [that] their flocks [were] to forbear and not to come to or haunt profane games, sports, or plays.' Thereupon the King summoned the Sessions before him in Council and threatened them with the full rigour of the law. Obdurate at first, the ministers subsequently agreed to moderate their hostile references to the actors. Finally, Nicolson adds, 'the King this day by proclamation with sound of trumpet hath commanded the players liberty to play, and forbidden their hinder or impeachment therein.' _MS. State Papers_, Dom. Scotland, P. R. O. vol. lxv. No. 64.

{41b} Fleay, _Stage_, pp. 126-44.

{41c} Cf. Duncan's speech (on arriving at Macbeth's castle of Inverness):

This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses. _Banquo_. This guest of summer, The temple-haunting martlet, does approve, By his lov'd mansionry, that the heaven's breath Smells wooingly here. (_Macbeth_, 1. vi. 1-6).

{42a} Cf. Cohn, _Shakespeare in Germany_, 1865; Meissner, _Die englischen Comodianten zur Zeit Shakespeare's in Oesterreich_, Vienna, 1884; Jon Stefansson on 'Shakespeare at Elsinore' in _Contemporary Review_, January 1896; _Notes and Queries_, 5th ser. ix. 43, and xi. 520; and M. Jusserand's article in the _Nineteenth Century_, April 1898, on English actors in France.

{42b} Cf. _As you like it_, IV. i. 22-40.

{43a} Cf. Elze, _Essays_, 1874, pp. 254 seq.

{43b} 'Quality' in Elizabethan English was the technical term for the 'actor's profession.'

{43c} Aubrey's _Lives_, ed. Andrew Clark, ii. 226.

{44a} Halliwell-Phillipps, i. 121; Mrs. Stopes in _Jahrbuck der deutschen Shakespeare-Gesellschaft_, 1896, xxxii. 182 seq.

{44b} _Scourge of Folly_, 1610, epigr. 159.

{47} One of the many crimes laid to the charge of the dramatist Robert Greene was that of fraudulently disposing of the same play to two companies. 'Ask the Queen's players,' his accuser bade him in Cuthbert Cony-Catcher's _Defence of Cony-Catching_, 1592, 'if you sold them not _Orlando Furioso_ for twenty nobles [_i.e._ about 7 pounds], and when they were in the country sold the same play to the Lord Admiral's men for as many more.'

{48} The playhouse authorities deprecated the publishing of plays in the belief that their dissemination in print was injurious to the receipts of the theatre. A very small proportion of plays acted in Elizabeth's and James I's reign consequently reached the printing press, and most of them are now lost. But in the absence of any law of copyright publishers often defied the wishes of the owner of manuscripts. Many copies of a popular play were made for the actors, and if one of these copies chanced to fall into a publisher's hands, it was habitually issued without any endeavour to obtain either author's or manager's sanction. In March 1599 the theatrical manager Philip Henslowe endeavoured to induce a publisher who had secured a playhouse copy of the comedy of _Patient Grissell_ by Dekker, Chettle, and Haughton to abandon the publication of it by offering him a bribe of 2 pounds. The publication was suspended till 1603 (cf. Henslowe's _Diary_, p. 167). As late as 1633 Thomas Heywood wrote of 'some actors who think it against their peculiar profit to have them [_i.e._ plays] come into print.' (_English Traveller_, pref.)

{49} W. S. Walker in his _Shakespeare's Versification_, 1854, and Charles Bathurst in his _Difference in Shakespeare's Versification at different Periods of his Life_, 1857, were the first to point out the general facts. Dr. Ingram's paper on 'The Weak Endings' in _New Shakspere Society's Transactions_ (1874), vol. i., is of great value. Mr. Fleay's metrical tables, which first appeared in the same society's _Transactions_ (1874), and have been reissued by Dr. Furnivall in a somewhat revised form in his introduction to Gervinus's _Commentaries_ and in his _Leopold Shakspere_, give all the information possible.

{51} The hero is the King of Navarre, in whose dominions the scene is laid. The two chief lords in attendance on him in the play, Biron and Longaville, bear the actual names of the two most strenuous supporters of the real King of Navarre (Biron's later career subsequently formed the subject of two plays by Chapman, _The Conspiracie of Duke Biron_ and _The Tragedy of Biron_, which were both produced in 1605). The name of the Lord Dumain in _Love's Labour's Lost_ is a common anglicised version of that Duc de Maine or Mayenne whose name was so frequently mentioned in popular accounts of French affairs in connection with Navarre's movements that Shakespeare was led to number him also among his supporters. Mothe or La Mothe, the name of the pretty, ingenious page, was that of a French ambassador who was long popular in London; and, though he left England in 1583, he lived in the memory of playgoers and playwrights long after _Love's Labour's Lost_ was written. In Chapman's _An Humourous Day's Mirth_, 1599, M. Le Mot, a sprightly courtier in attendance on the King of France, is drawn from the same original, and his name, as in Shakespeare's play, suggests much punning on the word 'mote.' As late as 1602 Middleton, in his _Blurt_, _Master Constable_, act ii. scene ii. line 215, wrote:

Ho God! Ho God! thus did I revel it When Monsieur Motte lay here ambassador.

Armado, 'the fantastical Spaniard' who haunts Navarre's Court, and is dubbed by another courtier 'a phantasm, a Monarcho,' is a caricature of a half-crazed Spaniard known as 'fantastical Monarcho' who for many years hung about Elizabeth's Court, and was under the delusion that he owned the ships arriving in the port of London. On his death Thomas Churchyard wrote a poem called _Fantasticall Monarcho's Epitaph_, and mention is made of him in Reginald Scott's _Discoverie of Witchcraft_, 1584, p. 54. The name Armado was doubtless suggested by the expedition of 1588. Braggardino in Chapman's _Blind Beggar of Alexandria_, 1598, is drawn on the same lines. The scene (_Love's Labour's Lost_, V. ii. 158 sqq.) in which the princess's lovers press their suit in the disguise of Russians follows a description of the reception by ladies of Elizabeth's Court in 1584 of Russian ambassadors who came to London to seek a wife among the ladies of the English nobility for the Tsar (cf. Horsey's _Travels_, ed. E. A. Bond, Hakluyt Soc.) For further indications of topics of the day treated in the play, see A New Study of "Love's Labour's Lost,"' by the present writer, in _Gent. Mag_, Oct. 1880; and _Transactions of the New Shakspere Society_, pt. iii. p. 80*. The attempt to detect in the schoolmaster Holofernes a caricature of the Italian teacher and lexicographer, John Florio, seems unjustified (see p. 85 n).

{53} Cf. Fleay, _Life_, pp. 188 seq.

{55a} The story, which has been traced back to the Greek romance _Anthia and Abrocomas_ by Xenophon Ephesius, a writer of the second century, seems to have been first told in modern Europe about 1470 by Masuccio in his _Novellino_ (No. xxxiii.: cf. Mr. Waters's translation, ii. 155-65). It was adapted from Masuccio by Luigi da Porto in his novel, _La Giulietta_, 1535, and by Bandello in his _Novelle_, 1554, pt. ii., No.