viii. 372, from FORDUN;) because the Prince, who had borne the former

appellation, had been unfortunate in the annals of the country. In the family of CATHERINE DE MEDICIS; EDWARD-ALEXANDER became HENRY III.: HERCULES became CHARLES IX. &c. See a note in the Life of CARY, Earl of Monmouth, p. 39. The Jews thus changed their names.

_Herrings, p. 231._]--The herrings of the Caspian are described by P. H. BRUCE. Memoirs, p. 261. TOOKE speaks of “a fish resembling a herring.” CATHERINE, II. vol. ii. p. 56.

_Coals, p. 231._]--MARCO POLO speaks of a combustible stone found in China; which is obviously coal. EBN HAUKAL mentions in Ferghaneh, “a stone that takes fire and burns,” p. 250; compare however, p. 272, which seems to imply a more distinct knowledge of coal.

_Demawend, p. 231._]--The distance to which according to the text, it is visible is paralleled by that at which Sir WM. JONES observed the _Chumalury_ mountains from _Bhaugalpore_. This distance is stated by him at two hundred and forty-four miles: but he adds, that the object might be seen much further. (Note in Lord TEIGNMOUTH’S Life of Sir WM. JONES, p. 253.) Another account gives the first distance from _Bhaugalpore_ at two hundred and fifty miles. P. H. BRUCE, (Memoirs, 282) saw _Ararat_ from _Derbend_ at a distance of at least two hundred and ten geographical miles, equal to more than two hundred and forty British measure, in a straight line by the compasses on Major RENNELL’S map. EBN HAUKAL mentions that _Demawend_ may be seen fifty _farsang_ round, (perhaps one hundred and seventy-five miles.) He adds, “I have not heard that any man ever ascended to its summit;” p. 172. HERBERT indeed relates his ascent (Travels), but OLIVIER can describe only an ineffectual endeavour. Tom. v. p. 125, &c. The difficulties which he encountered, seem to rival those of TOURNEFORT in the attempt to scale _Ararat_. Tom., ii. 357, &c. The fable of a plant which tinges the teeth of sheep with gold, is not confined to _Demawend_: it is attached to their favourite mountains by different nations, and may thus be traced to Mount _Lebanon_; to Mount _Elewnd_, &c. and the plant, which is convertible into gold, is found, if an alchemist may be believed, in the mountains of _Yemen_: it was supposed indeed by the Arabs, to constitute the real object of NIEBUHR’S Voyage. Description de l’Arabie, p. 123. A mountain so vast, and of a form so peculiar, was naturally connected with the traditionary mythology of the country: and accordingly _Demawend_ was believed to cover with all its weight ZOHAK, the usurper in the earliest dynasty of their empire. See CHAMPION’S _Ferdusí_.

_Rey, p. 232._]--The ruins of _Rey_ have never been described by any European traveller: if a brief and nameless notice of them by TAVERNIER, tom. i. 313, (who had no suspicion of their history, and perhaps never saw them,) can be considered an exception. From the Oriental authorities indeed he was enabled to compile a table of latitudes and longitudes; and to insert _Rey_ as 35° 35´ lat. 70° 20´. long. Tom. i. p. 404. But even the position of the ruins appears imperfectly known to CHARDIN; and they were sought in vain by one of the latest and most intelligent of his successors, OLIVIER, who looked for them considerably too much to the south. See tom. v. p. 160-1. GARDANNE, who was at _Teheran_, allots to _Rey_ only three lines; nor indeed does he state distinctly that he was writing from his own observation. Yet his account, however imperfect in itself, is striking in its close. “A l’est de _Teheran_, ruines de _Rey_, ancienne _Rhages_, et patrie de HAROUN EL RACHID. Les Persans disent que _Rey_ avoit trois millions d’habitans. _Le mot Revolution explique toutes les Calamités._” P. 72.

The history of _Rhages_ requires no illustration in the days of its greatness; and that greatness, with more than the fortune of other cities, has twice revolved. Its second rise under the Mahomedans, has indeed been less traced than its first origin, though it was the birth place of HAROUN EL RESCHID, and one of the favourite seats of his magnificence. It was then one of the capitals of the _Buiya_ Sultans; see DE SACY, Memoires, &c. p. 145, 147, &c. And was taken by MAHMUD, of _Ghizni_, when he destroyed their dynasty. Mod. Univ. Hist. iii. 195. It was subsequently one of the two great cities of the empire of the _Seljukians_; and as such demanded by the Emperor ROMANUS, who in the decline of the Roman power, imitated all the insolence of its greatness. With the Parthians and the Persians, his predecessors had indeed often used this tone of presumption, and as often failed in the wars of which it was the prelude. Thus CRASSUS, when he was marching to his own destruction, told the Parthian Embassadors that he would give his answer at their capital: JULIAN, in the midst of his own unhappy expedition, replied to the overtures of SAPOR, that he would himself visit the Persian court; and thus ROMANUS, with an insolence unparalleled and intolerable, required from ALP ARSLAN, before he would listen to any terms, the surrender of _Rey_, one of his capitals. The sequel of each event is too familiar to be noticed. _Rey_ still remained one of the greatest and most flourishing cities of the East; _Ispahan_, _Nishapour_, and _Bagdad_, alone rivalling it. EBN HAUKAL, in the tenth century, describes it fully; but in his day, though the commercial and civil greatness of the city was at its height, its defences had declined; and the wall around the suburbs was falling to decay; p. 176, p. 157, p. 172. Nevertheless it survived more revolutions; it was a very considerable city when it was taken by GENGHIZ KHAN, PETIT DE LA CROIX, p. 277: and still, two centuries afterwards, it was one of the seats of the government of SHAH ROKH, the son of TIMUR. Mod. Univ. Hist. v. 394. From his death, which happened there A.D. 1146, it ceases to maintain a conspicuous place in the history of Persia; and is now venerable only in the remains of its ancient grandeur.

_Taxation by hides, p. 236._]--This measure of taxation was not uncommon; it is sufficient to add, that it still seems to regulate the collection in other parts of the East: for in some extracts from MAHOMED SADUCK’S Journey to _Cabul_, it is said that “_Herat_ extends from the city of _Ferah_ to _Khaf_ and _Backhury_. Twelve lacks; supposed to be the net produce of as much land as twelve thousand pair of bullocks can plough, all expended in civil and military establishments.”

_The noose, p. 243._]--The noose was _Rustam’s_ ancient implement of war.

_Lamb Skins, p. 246._]--The most valuable lamb-skins are perhaps taken prematurely from the ewe killed for the purpose. The fabulous supplies of the _Barometz_ (“the vegetable lamb” of DARWIN, Loves, canto i. 282) were perhaps invented by the Tartars to conceal from their European traders the cruelty of the practice. BELL denies the existence of the _Barometz_, vol. i. 43, which however is well established, though its properties may be doubted. P. H. BRUCE, in his Memoirs, p. 336, asserts the fact that the ewes are killed before parturition for the sake of the lambs; the skins of which are then in their greatest beauty, with the hair lying “in short smooth pretty curls.” The trade is very profitable to the _Nagayan_ Tartars, who sell the best for ten shillings. CHARDIN mentions some in his day at fifteen franks. The wool even of those whose lives are spared for a fortnight, lies in waves, and resembles a piece of damask, the lamb having been guarded from its birth by linen sewed round it. TOOKE’S Nations of Russia, vol. ii. 136, 267.

_Shalwars, p. 247._]--“When they go a hunting, they wear _Shalwars_, or long trowsers which reach up to the arm pits, into which they cram all their clothes; and a _Kerguisian_ in this dress may be taken at a distance for a monstrous pair of breeches on horseback.” TOOKE’S Russia, ii. 280.

_Mountains between Teheran and Tabriz, Chap. XIV._]--The mountains seen in this direction were in the middle ages the seats of the Dilemites; the subjects of HASSAN, _Sheik al Jebal_, HASSAN “the chief or the old man of the mountains,” whose power is familiar to every reader, and from whose name the word _assassin_ has been derived, with an evil import, in half the modern languages of Europe. The constant recurrence of the tale of his enchanted palace in the old travellers, MARCO POLO, HAITHON, &c. is sufficient evidence of some general foundation in truth. HOLAKOU, the son of GENGHIZ KHAN, routed out the _Hassanites_.

_Tourchiz, p. 265._]--This place occurs in the route of FORSTER, who mentions _Mesched_, as said to be one hundred miles north-west of _Turshish_. Vol. ii. p. 154. It was held at that time by ABEDULLAH, an independant Persian chief, p. 165; but FORSTER, who spent above a fortnight in the town, does not allude to any wealth deposited there. In MAHOMED SADUCK’S journey, the capital of the district of _Turshiz_ and _Co Surkh_, is called _Sultania_, which is probably the _Sultanabad_ of FORSTER, another name for the old town of _Turshiz_. P. 165.

_Miaunéh, p. 268._]--At this spot died the celebrated traveller THEVENOT. See the note of his death, tom. v. GARDANNE says, “Ses Papiers et ses livres furent, dit on, enlevés et gardés par le Cadi.” P. 41.

_Number of oxen to a plough, p. 275._]--It is curious to trace in TOURNEFORT the encrease in the number of cattle thus employed, as he advances into Georgia: near _Arz-roum_, they will yoke three or four pair to one plough, p. 213; near _Cars_, ten or twelve, p. 216. Still farther on, in Georgia itself, fourteen or fifteen pair, p. 224. Vol. ii. of the translation.

_Prince Royal of Persia, p. 279._]--The character of ABBAS MIRZA, Prince of _Tabriz_, is so striking in Oriental history, that every support, which can be given to the accuracy of the description, is important. GARDANNE confirms some of the more remarkable traits in the text: “Il veut relever sa nation, et il a l’ambition de la gloire militaire. S’il perd un General on un Guerrier, il dechire ses habits et donne les marqués de la plus vive douleur. Il a perda dernièrement des enfans, et n’a temoigné aucun chagrin. Pour expliquer cette indifference, il faut connaître les mœurs. Nous demandons à un grand Seigneur le nombre de ses enfans. Il répond naïvement qu’il n’en sait rien, se tourne du côté de son Secrétaire et le lui demande; celui ci répond: dix-sept.” p. 36. The following anecdote is connected with the French character; it occurs in the account of an entertainment given to the French Mission by the Prince’s Minister. “Après le repas, les danseurs font des tours de force. Le Vizir nous dit: mon maitre n’aime pas les danseurs, il les a tous chassès de _Tauris_. J’ai appellé ceux-cé des villages voisins, ayant appris de l’Ambassadeur de Perse, que ce divertessement était agréable a votre nation.” P. 37. See others, p. 38-9.

_Ships on the Caspian, p. 287._]--Every reader of HANWAY will recollect the extreme importance which NADIR attached to the formation of a fleet in the Caspian, where the famous JOHN ELTON was induced to become his Admiral. The dock-yards in the Persian Gulph must import all their timber from India; but the southern shore of the Caspian contains on the spot the amplest supplies. The turbulent character of the Arabs of the Gulph, induced NADIR SHAH to meditate their removal from their own country; and their nautical skill and experience suggested to him the idea of transplanting them profitably into the provinces along the Caspian, and replacing them in their ancient seats by the people whom they thus dispossessed. But all his projects were overwhelmed in the confusion which followed his death; and the only naval power, (with the exception of a few small vessels against the Turcomans), which Persia had ever formed in the Caspian, was thus annihilated. NADIR SHAH collected a fleet in the Gulph also; and made _Bushire_ the port of _Shiraz_. NIEBUHR, tom. ii. p. 75. Here he had assembled from twenty-two to twenty-five ships, built for him at _Bombay_ and _Surat_, &c.; but these were all neglected and dispersed at his death.

_Language of Ghilan, p. 288._]--_Ghilan_, the country of the ancient _Gelæ_, was, according to EBN HAUKAL, p. 174, the level tract along the Caspian, of that province, which in its mountainous parts was called _Dilem_. Now _Dilem_ was with _Media Inferior_, _Mazanderan_, and the countries between the Caspian and the Tigris, one of the original seats of the _Pehlavie_. _Heeren_. Act. Soc. Gotting. tom. xiii. _Dilem_ was also a retreat of that language. In the breaking up of a great empire, the institutions of the conquered race always linger in the extremities. The Caucasus, the country of _Derbend_, _Segestan_, and _Kerman_, thus sheltered the ancient language and religion of Persia: and thus the mountains of _Dilem_ retained till the tenth century, the worship of fire; and perhaps, therefore, the _Pehlavie_, with which that worship had been connected. EBN HAUKAL observes of _Taberistan_, the adjoining tract, “they have a peculiar dialect, neither Arabick nor Persian: and in _many_ parts of _Deilman_ their language is not understood.” In a country separated by these circumstances, and by its local situation from the rest of Persia, it is not improbable that there may still exist some traces of a distinct language: and as to the imperfections incident to the want of written memorials, Sir WM. JONES, in his Discourse on the Arabs, has prepared us to think that Dr. JOHNSON’S reasoning is too general.

_The Cookery of the Turcomans, p. 290._]--Their cookery is something like that of the Arabs described by CAPPER. There is a full account of the two hordes, the Eastern and Western Turcomans, in a note by the French editor of the Genealogical History of the Tatars, p. 535-8. See also TOOKE, ii. 93. Their wealth in money in every age has been very great; because, like the Arabs, and every other pastoral people on the confines of great civilized empires, they sell the necessaries of life, and will not buy the luxuries. LA ROQUE, p. 157, remarks accordingly, that in the time of PLINY, the riches both of the Romans and of the Parthians were melted down among the Arabs. HARMER’S Observations, vol. i. p. 122. CHARDIN in his MSS. notes in HARMER, says, that they are like ABRAHAM, “very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.”

_CHAP. XVI._]--The country from _Tabriz_ and _Arz-roum_ may almost be considered as new ground in European description. GARDANNE is the only other traveller who has traced this route, (Journal, &c. p. 21-35); but the information which he collected in his passage is so limited, that he appears to know nothing of the Lake of _Shahee_; or rather in travelling along its shores, he confounds it with that of _Van_, which is at least one hundred miles from the spot where he places it; p. 35. The country between _Arz-roum_ and _Tocat_ is described by TOURNEFORT, tom. ii. and by TAVERNIER, tom. i. p. 12-19: and as one of the great roads from _Bagdad_, &c. falls in at _Tocat_, the further progress to Constantinople is continued on Mr. MORIER’S line, by TAVERNIER, i. 1-12. OTTER ii. 330-357. HOWELL, p. 102-132. JACKSON, p. 203-236. ABOO TALEB, ii. 256-264. GARDANNE, p. 114-119; see also p. 1-13.

_Khoi, p. 299._]--The singularity of the walls of _Khoi_, is noticed by GARDANNE, with a more singular illustration: “_Qu-oye_ est entouré de murailles et de tours, et ressemble exactement aux gravures de _Jerico_ que l’on voit dans les Bibles.” P. 34.

_Ararat, p. 306._]--The height of _Ararat_ can best be understood by considering the distance at which it may be seen. CHARDIN mentions that it is visible at _Marant_: tom. i. p. 253; BRUCE, that he saw it at _Derbend_, Memoirs, p. 282; STRUYS, whom OLIVIER well characterises as “Romanesque,” describes his ascent to visit a sick hermit at the top, p. 208, &c.; but TOURNEFORT, one of the first of travellers, has stated so fully the difficulties of his own attempt, that probably they have never yet been overcome. The mountain is divided into three regions of different breadths; the first, composed of a short and slippery grass or sand “aussi facheux que les Syrtes d’Afrique,” is occupied by shepherds; the second, by tygers and crows; the remainder, which is half the mountain “est couverte de neige depuis que l’arch y arreta, et ces neiges sont cachées la moitié de l’année sous les nuages fort epais. Les tygres que nous apperçumes ne laissérent pas de nous faire peur,” p. 358. It was impossible to go forwards and penetrate to the third region; and not easy to go back: at length, utterly exhausted, they reached the bottom, “nous rendîmes graces au Seigneur d’en être revenus, car peut-être que nous serions perdus ou que nous serions morts de faim sur cette Montagne,” p. 371. If these were the sensations with which TOURNEFORT regarded his enterprise, the common belief of the country may well be admitted, that no one ever yet ascended the _Ararat_ of the Armenians.

_P. 317._]--_Hassan Cala_ is the ancient _Theodosiopolis_. D’ANVILLE, Geogr. Anc. vol. ii. p. 100.

_Arz-roum, p. 320._]--This city has been more generally written, _Erz-roum_, as CHARDIN, &c.; but from the definition assigned to it by TOURNEFORT, tom. ii. p. 257, 276, and adopted by D’ANVILLE, Geogr. Anc. tom. ii. 99; that of the _Arza_ of _Rum_, (the Asia Minor occupied by the Roman Empire) the present reading is established. The plain, in which it is built, is included by TOURNEFORT, p. 325, in that district, which he regards as the site of the terrestrial paradise. Yet the cold of a region so elevated as that which contains the springs of the _Euphrates_ and the _Araxes_ must be extreme: nor can the beauty of the spot be at all assisted by forest scenery; Mr. MORIER has observed the scarcity of wood, and TOURNEFORT says, that there is no fuel but pine wood, and that is brought two or three days journey, p. 259. _Arz-roum_ was an early Christian bishoprick, in its civil history it was alternately subject to the Empire of Constantinople and _that_ of Persia. In the eleventh century it stood a siege of six days, when the assailants, expecting that it would be relieved, sacrificed their hopes of booty, and set fire to the place, consuming in it so many, that, with the destruction in the six previous days, swelled the total loss of lives to one hundred and forty thousand. In the thirteenth century it appears as the ARGYRON of MARCO POLO. The city contained in TOURNEFORT’S time (1700) eighteen thousand Turks, six thousand Armenians, and four hundred Greeks. The Jesuits reckoned eight thousand Armenians, and one hundred families of the Greeks. The present population is estimated by GARDANNE at one hundred and thirty thousand, p. 21. In the former commerce of Asia Minor it was, “le passage et le reposoir de toutes les marchandises des Indes.” TOURNEFORT describes the influence of the French; and seems pleased that the Turks pay more regard to the recommendations of the King of France, than to those of the Mufti of Rome.

_Mama Khatoun, p. 327._]--A spot near _Mama Khatoun_ is suggested by TOURNEFORT as the scene of the great battle between MITHRIDATES and POMPEY.

_P. 356._]--_Geredéh_ is the _Carus_ of the Romans. R.

_Canal from the Lake Sabanja, p. 360._]--The ancient Kings of Bithynia had left unfinished a canal from the _Nicomedian Lake_, the modern _Sabanja_. The younger PLINY, when Governor of the province, recommended the undertaking to TRAJAN. PLIN. Epist. x. 46. TRAJAN, in reply, desires him to take care that the lake be not exhausted by letting its waters into the sea. Ep. 51. PLINY, Epist. 69, suggests sufficient in answer to prove that this danger might be obviated; though his project, however practicable or profitable, was never realized. TRAJAN’S Letter, 70. At the end of sixteen centuries it was revived by the Grand Vizir, KUPRIGLI. It was destined to communicate with other rivers, and to open a water carriage into the centre of those immense forests, which in every age have supplied the arsenals of Constantinople. But the project was sacrificed to a timely bribe offered by those who had monopolized the conveyance of the timber by land; and KUPRIGLI, at the eve of the accomplishment, was deprived of the glory of completing that which PLINY and TRAJAN had projected in vain.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX, No. I.

_MONEY IN PERSIA._

(THOSE IN ITALICS HAVE ONLY A NOMINAL EXISTENCE. ACCOUNTS ARE KEPT IN _DINARS_ AND PIASTRES.)

5 _Dinars_ = 1 _Ghauz_. 20 _Dinars_ = 1 Beestee. 25 _Dinars_ = ½ Shahee. 50 _Dinars_ = 1 _Shahee_. 500 _Dinars_ = 10 _Shahee_ = ½ Groush. 1,000 _Dinars_ = 20 _Shahee_ = 1 Groush[130]. 1,250 _Dinars_ = 1 Real[131]. 2,500 _Dinars_ = 50 _Shahee_ = 1 Ashreffee. 10,000 _Dinars_ = 10 Piastres = 1 Tomaun. 3 _Shahee_ = 1 Shahee[132]. 4 _Shahee_ = 1 _Abassee_. 8 Shahee = 1 Real or Rupee[133]. 100,000 Rupees = 1 Lack.

APPENDIX, No. II.--1.

_ROUTES IN PERSIA._

ITINERARY FROM BUSHIRE TO SHIRAZ,[134]

WITH THE POPULATION AND TRIBUTE.

-------------------+--------+--------+------------+ | Houses.|Tomauns.|Kherwars.[135]| -------------------+--------+--------+------------+ | | | | BUSHIRE to | | | | ALICHANGEE[136] | 150 | 60 | 900 | Ahmediéh | 170 | -- | -- | Sermel | 200 | -- | -- | Eesevendee | 100 | -- | -- | Khosh Aub | 100 | -- | -- | BORAZJOON | 2000 | 260 | 5600 | DAULAKEE | 1000 | 600 | -- | KHONAR TACKTA | -- | -- | -- | Khisht | 600 | 660 | 660 | KHAUMARIDGE | 500 | -- | -- | Derees | 1000 | 150 | -- | KAUZEROON | 4000 | 2500 | 2500 | ABDOUI | 800 | 320 | -- | DESHT-E-ARJUN | 600 | 160 | 100 | KHONÉ ZENIOUN | 25 | -- | -- | BAGH SHAH CHERAGH | -- | -- | -- | SHIRAZ | 12,000 | -- | -- | ZERGOON | 1000 | 160 | 600 | MIRHAUST GAUN | -- | -- | -- | Persepolis | -- | -- | -- | In the plain are } | -- | 3500 | 5000 | sixty villages } | | | | SEEWUND | 170 | -- | -- | KEMEEN | 1000 | 700 | 1000 | MORGHAUB | 1000 | 300 | 700 | DEIBEED | 100 | 60 | -- | KHONÉ KHORRÉH | -- | -- | -- | SURMEK | 1000 | -- | -- | ABADÉH | 1000 | -- | -- | SHOOLGISTOUN | 100 | -- | -- | YEZDIKHAUST | 600 | 120 | 120 | MAXHOUD BEGGY | -- | -- | -- | KOMESHAH | 6000 | 3000 | 4000 | MAYAR[137] | 200 | 100 | 100 | ISPAHANEK | 150 | 40 | 40 | ISPAHAN | 80,000 | 70,000 | 50,000 | GEZ | 500 | 400 | 300 | MOURCHEKOURD | 300 | 200 | 200 | KOHROUD | 200 | 200 | 100 | Kashan | 5000 | 3500 | 3500 | NUSSERABAD | 250 | -- | -- | KOOM | 3000 | 2500 | 1200 | POOL DALLAUK | -- | -- | -- | KINAR-A-GIRD | 600 | -- | -- | TEHERAN | 12,000 | -- | -- | -------------------+--------+--------+------------+

APPENDIX, No. II.--2.

ITINERARY FROM KOOM TO SULTANIEH.[138]

-----------------+----------------+----------------------------------- Miles. | |Houses. |Fur. | | |Tomauns. | Hours.| | | |Kherwars. -----+-----+-----+----------------+----+----+----+-------------------- 26 | 6 | 6 | _Mudjd-abad_ | 40 | 50 | 40 | In going from _Koom_, | | | | the _Teheran_ road is left, which | | | | goes more to the eastward. At three | | | | _fursungs_ from _Koom_ the celebrated | | | | enchanted hill, called “_Gedden | | | | gelmez_,” i. e. _who goes and never | | | | returns_, is passed. Near _Mudjd-abad_, | | | | crossed a small river running east. | | | | | | | 36 | 9 | 8 | _Daung_ A small village| At two _fursungs_ from | | | | _Mudjd-abad_, pass a fort called | | | | _Turragnareen_, and some streams of | | | | water, and on the right a village. | | | | _Sauva_, a considerable town, is five | | | | _fursungs_ from _Mudjd-abad_: two or | | | | three miles on the left, near _Daung_, | | | | saw a distant range of mountains to | | | | the N. covered with snow. | | | | | | | 45 | 12 | 10 | _Sakisabad_ | 150| 150| 300| Six _fursungs_ from | | | | _Daung_, passed a round caravanserai | | | | called _Jeeb_. It is situated at the | | | | entrance of hills, on leaving the plain | | | | of _Daung_. After passing the hills, | | | | descended into the large plain, in | | | | which _Casvin_ is said to be situated; | | | | here are a number of small villages. | | | | Wind fresh from the N.W. which is | | | | called, _Baad Gagazgoon_, from a place | | | | of that name, from which quarter it | | | | blows.[139] | | | | | | | 26 | 7 | 5 | _Bostanuk_ | 150| 150| 200| _Bostanuk_ is in a | | | | very extensive plain, with many | | | | villages and cultivation. The people | | | | talk Turkish. | | | | | | | 8 | 8 | 6 | _Khorremderéh_ | 400| 300| 400| More villages and more | | | | cultivation than before. Through the | | | | ravine, in which this village is | | | | situated, runs a small river. | | | | | | | 20 | 8 | - | _Sultaniéh_ | - | - | - | The Royal camp: halted | | | | eight miles from the camp. | | | | | | | -----+-----+-----+----------------+----+----+----+--------------------

APPENDIX, No. II.--3.

ITINERARY FROM SULTANIEH TO BAGDAD, FROM DR. JUKES’S JOURNAL.

-----------------+---------------+------------------------------------ Miles. | |Houses. |Fur. | | |Tomauns. | Hours.| | | |Kherwars. -----+-----+-----+---------------+----+----+----+--------------------- | | | _Sultaniéh._ | | | | | | | | | | | 8 | 2½ | 2 |_Kooshabad_ | | | | Marching west from | | | | _Sultaniéh_, passed through mountains. | | | | | | | 8 | 2½ | 2½ |_Beejaeen_ | 300| 150| 150| The road led across a | | | | plain; passed a considerable village | | | | on the plain. There is a running | | | | stream near _Beejaeen_. | | | | | | | 11 | 3½ | 3 |_Jereen_ | 150| 60| 40| More villages. | | | | | | | 18 | 5½ | 5 |_Arpadurrasi_ | 250| 150| 100| Crossed the bed of a | | | | river, after leaving _Jereen_. At two | | | | _fursungs_ passed some defiles; and | | | | continued on an ascent all the rest | | | | of the march. Soon after _Jereen_, | | | | we came into the country of the | | | | _Karaguzloos_. | | | | | | | 16 | 4½ | 4 |_Surla_ | 300| 200| 200| First part of the road | | | | was on a plain; on the right hand | | | | were two or three villages. During | | | | the latter part of to-day’s march, | | | | saw the famous mountain of _Alwund_. | | | | | | | 24 | 6½ | 5½ |_Hubbadraheng_ |2000| 600| 500| Passed through the | | | | village _Dumma_. Many villages | | | | besides. | | | | | | | 7 | 2 | 2 |_Veean_ | 150| 100| 100| The country about | | | | here looks prosperous. | | | | | | | 20 | 6 | 5 |_Joureekan_ | Large Village| The country | | | | cultivated, and villages. From the | | | | summit of a hill, had a view of the | | | | fertile plain of _Hamadan_. | | | | | | | 3¼ | 1 | 1 |_Hamadan_ | | | | _Shevereen_ is a | | | | village three miles from _Hamadan_. | | | | _Hamadan_, situated at the | | | | foot of the east side of the | | | | mountain of _Alwund_. Many | | | | streams fall from _Alwund_ | | | | into the plain. _Alwund_ | | | | appears at a distance to be | | | | one long range of mountains. | | | | I am assured the length of | | | | _Alwund_ Proper is not more | | | | than three _fursungs_ in | | | | length; and is distinct from | | | | the northern range. Through | | | | the interval between these two | | | | ranges, leads the road to | | | | _Kermanshah_. | | | | | | | 12 | 3 | 3 |_Zagha_ | 400| 300| 200| Many villages all | | | | around. | | | | | | | 12 | 3 | 3 |_Asadabad_ | 600| 500| 400|One _fursung_ from | | | | _Zagha_ came to a pass in the | | | | mountain. Many streams from the | | | | hills. There is a village one mile | | | | within the pass: and near to | | | | it, is a caravanserai, which | | | | is the boundary of the | | | | district of the _Karaguzloos_. | | | | Our march then continued for | | | | three miles through the hills, | | | | and then opened the following | | | | view: plain of _Hamadan_ to | | | | the Eastward; to the Westward | | | | the plain of _Asadabad_, | | | | surrounded by the mountains | | | | and the village of | | | | _Asadabad_, considerably | | | | beneath us; to the Northward, | | | | the distant mountains of the | | | | _Courdistan_; and to the | | | | Southward those of | | | | _Looristan_. From here to the | | | | plain, the descent was four | | | | miles. | | | | | | | 24 | 6 | 6 |_Kungavar_ |1000| 800| 500| This village is | | | | situated on the north side of its | | | | plain. | | | | | | | 18 | 4½ | 4½ |_Sahna_ | 400| 300| 300| Passed by one or two | | | | villages: springs of water on the | | | | side of the mountain. Plain well | | | | watered. Near to the village | | | | of _Sahna_, we crossed two | | | | other considerable streams | | | | which seemed to descend from | | | | the hills that form the N. | | | | side of the plain. | | | | | | | 16 | 4 | 4 |_Beesitoon_ | | | | From _Sahna_ two or | | | | three miles, our road led up the | | | | plain; then it took a more southerly | | | | course. The streams of | | | | yesterday uniting, form a | | | | considerable river, and we | | | | kept by the banks of it all | | | | day. Near to the famous | | | | mountain of _Besitoon_, we | | | | crossed a bridge, over a | | | | river, that takes its rise in | | | | the N. W. mountains on our | | | | right, and joined the river | | | | before mentioned. The river | | | | that runs down this valley is | | | | called the _Chum-chumal_, | | | | from a village of the same | | | | name. Here are characters | | | | sculptured like the | | | | Persepolitan. | | | | | | | 15 | 3½ | 4 |_Hissar Sefeed_| | | |Road over an | | | | uncultivated plain; to the left a | | | | small running stream. The river of | | | | yesterday seemed to take a | | | | more S. direction among the | | | | mountains; and we lost it | | | | after leaving the valley of | | | | _Busitoon_. We saw | | | | _Kermanshah_, and encamped six | | | | miles from the town. | | | | | | | | | |_Kermanshah_ | | | | One hour and a | | | | half leaving our encampment, | | | | crossed a good bridge of | | | | seven arches, over the | | | | river which was running | | | | to the south, and said to | | | | join those that run down | | | | the valley _Kusistoon_, to | | | | form the _Shooster_ river. | | | | The _Tauk-e-Roustan_ is in | | | | the north range of | | | | mountains about seven | | | | miles from _Kermanshah_. | | | | The river in the plain to | | | | the N. of the town runs | | | | south, and joining with | | | | that from _Sahna_ and | | | | _Besitoon_, adds its stream | | | | to the large _Shooster_ | | | | river. They call this | | | | river _Kara Sou_: it is | | | | said to take its rise in | | | | the mountain of | | | | _Kourdistan_, forty | | | | miles to the northward of | | | | _Kermanshah_. | | | | | | | 14 | 3 | 3 |_Maheedasht_ | 20| | | Seven miles from | | | | _Kermanshah_ descended | | | | into the plain of | | | | _Maheedasht_. | | | | | | | 20 | 5 | 5 |_Haroonabad_ | 100| 60| 5| Plain of _Haroonabad_; | | | | is well watered. Crossed a | | | | bridge soon after quitting | | | | the village. The bed of | | | | the river large. | | | | | | | 18 | 5 | 5 |_Kerrund_ | 300| 200| 200|The mountains at | | | | _Kerrund_ contract, and leave an | | | | open space at the | | | | distance of seven miles | | | | further on; through which | | | | the road descends into the | | | | Turkish territory. | | | | | | | 30 | 8 | 7 |_Pool-e-Zohaub_| | | |Seven miles from | | | | _Kerrund_ is the pass that | | | | separates Persia from | | | | Turkey.--_Zohaub_ is a | | | | large town, not far | | | | distant from the bridge | | | | called _Pool-e-Zohaub_, | | | | where we encamped. | | | | | | | 20 | 4 | 5 |_Kasr-e- |Small | |Piastres| | | | Shereen_ |Place.| | 3000 | The _Alwund_, | | | | which takes its rise in the | | | | mountains of _Kerrund_, runs near | | | | _Kasr-e-Shereen_. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 18 | 5 | |_Khanakee_ |2000| |8000|Built on the banks | | | | of the _Alwund_: here is a good | | | | bridge. | | | | | | | 18 | 5 | |_Kizzil Robat_ |1500| | | And the revenues | | | | rented for twelve thousand five | | | | hundred and six piastres. | | | | | | | 17 | 5 | |_Shahrevan_ |1000| |20,000 | | | | | | | 30 | 8 | |_Bakoobah_ | | | | The Alwund river | | | | here is very considerable. 35 | 9 | |_Bagdad_ | | | | | | | | | | | =====+=====+=====+===============+====+====+====+=====================

APPENDIX, No. II.--4.

ISPAHAN TO BAGDAD.

+---------+-------------+ |Fursungs.| | +---------+-------------+ | 3 | Anooshervan.| | | | | 4 | Chal Seeah. | | | | | 6 | Dur. | | | | | 7 | Dehhak. | | | | | 8 | Koukek. | | | | | 4 | Khomehee. | | | | | 6 | Imauret. | | | | | 6 | Hissar. | | | | | 7 | Mehrabad. | | | | | 7 | Pur Syeh. | | | | | 4 | Kenghaver. | +---------+-------------+

APPENDIX, No. II.--5.

ROUTE FROM BUSHIRE TO CONGOON.

+-----------+---------------+ | Fursungs. | | +-----------+---------------+ | 6 | Mir Abdullah. | | | | | 5 | Deh Ranzee. | | | | | 5 | Kaukee. | | | | | 6 | Baudouleh. | | | | | 5 | CONGOON. | +-----------+---------------+

APPENDIX, No. II.--6.

ROUTE FROM SHIRAZ TO BEHBAHAN.

+-----------+---------------+ | Fursungs. | | +-----------+---------------+ | 5 | Jouyoum. | | | | | 4 | Kholar. | | | | | 3 | Deh Ali. | | | | | 3 | Pouli Dousack.| | | | | 3 | Pouli Mourd. | | | | | 5 | Fahleeyaun. | | | | | 4 | Seraub Seeah. | | | | | 3 | Bausht. | | | | | 8 | Dougoumbedan. | | | | | 8 | BEHBAHAN. | +-----------+---------------+

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

KEPT AT BUSHIRE BY DR. JUKES, JUNE 1807.

------+---------+--------------+-------------------------------+ Day. | Hour. | Thermometer. | Wind and Weather. | ------+---------+--------------+-------------------------------+ June. | | | | 5th | 6 A. M. | -- |Cool breeze from the land. | | 1 P. M. | 90° |N. W. | | | | | 6th | 6 A. M. | -- |Haze. | | 2 P. M. | 91 |Fresh N. W. all the day[140] | | | | | 13th | 6 A. M. | 80 |Pleasant and more moderate. | | 2 P. M. | 84 |Evening hazy. | | | | | 14th | 6 A. M. | 80 |Very hazy. | | 1 P. M. | 84 |Light N. wind through the | | | | day.[141] | | | | | 15th | 5 A. M. | 80 |Light N. wind and very | | | | hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 85 | | | | | | 16th | 5 A. M. | 80 |Do. blowing rather fresh | | | | at night. | | 2 P. M. | 86 | | | | | | 17th | 5 A. M. | 80 |Pleasant N. breeze. In the | | | | evening but little wind, | | 2 P. M. | 87 | and at night warmer than | | | | I have felt it for some | | | | time.[142] | | | | | 18th | 5 A. M. | 83 |Light N. wind; hazy during | | | | the morning. | | 2 P. M. | 89 |Fresh from the N. W. during | | | | the evening. | | | | | 19th | 5 A. M. | 84 |Rather fresh from the N. W. | | 4 P. M. | 90 |At night strong from the | | | | N. W. | | | | | 20th | 5 A. M. | 83 |Fresh: at night fresher: | | 3 P. M. | 86 | since the N. W. begun on | | | | the 18th, it has constantly | | | | blown harder during the | | | | night; and somewhat lulled | | | | during the day. This evening | | | | extremely hazy, and | | | | at sun-set, the sun quite | | | | obscured.[143] | | | | | 21st | 5 A. M. | 83 |Light N. air: fresh at | | 4 P. M. | 87 | night and exceedingly | | | | hazy. | | | | | 22d | 5 A. M. | 83 |Do.: at sun-set atmosphere | | 3 P. M. | 87 | clearer: night serene. | | | | | 23d | 5 A. M. | 84 |Calm, and the warmest morning | | | | in the season, light W. | | | | breeze during the day. The | | | | island of _Kharrack_ | | | | distinctly seen from the | | | | plain, and from Concord | | | | lodge.[144] | | | | | 24th | 5 A. M. | 83 |Light N. W. hazy. | | 3 P. M. | 87 | | | | | | 25th | 5 A. M. | 84 |Do. | | 3 P. M. | 88 |At night, light breeze from | | | | the land. | | | | | 26th | 6 A. M. | 84 |Warm morning: hazy. | | 3 P. M. | 89 | | | | | | 27th | 5 A. M. | 83 |Light N. W. | | 3 P. M. | 88 |Pleasant: cool breeze at night | | | | from the land. | | | | | 28th | 5 A. M. | 83 |N. breeze. Extremely warm | | 2 P. M. | 91 | at night: breeze from the | | | | southward. | | | | | 29th | 5 A. M. | 85 |Calm, and very warm.[145] | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | July. | | | | 3d | 5 A. M. | 85 |N. light: very hazy morning. | | 2 P. M. | 91 | | | | | | 4th | 5 A. M. | 84 |North: cool breeze from the | | 3 P. M. | 92 | land at day-break. | | | | | 5th | 5 A. M. | 85 |N. warm in the morning. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 6th | 5 A. M. | 85 |South; in the evening the | | 3 P. M. | 95 | south W. sprung up. | | | | | 7th | 5 A. M. | 84 |South, light: night very | | 3 P. M. | 95 | close. 98 in the country. | | | | | 8th | 5 A. M. | 83 |North: land breeze cool at | | | | day-break. | | 2 P. M. | 95½ |Sun set very thick: sun | | | | hazed. | | | | | 9th | 5 A. M. | 91 |North; fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 93½ | | | | | | 10th | 5 A. M. | 90 |North: pleasant; very hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 11th | 5 A. M. | 89 |North all day; at night, | | 3 P. M. | 93½ | breeze from the land: very | | | | hazy. | | | | | 12th | 5 A. M. | 89 |N. light: very warm at night. | | 3 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 13th | 5 A. M. | 92 |S. light; great haze. Sun | | 2 P. M. | 95 | seen only half an hour after | | | | it was risen. | | | | | 14th | 5 A. M. | 89 |W. light; hazy, close, and | | 2 P. M. | 96 | somewhat cloudy. | | | | | 15th | 5 A. M. | 90 |N. light; great haze: cool | | 2 P. M. | 95½ | on account of the north | | | | breeze. | | | | | 16th | 5 A. M. | 92 |North: hazy. | | 3 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 17th | 5 A. M. | 91 |North: sun set cloudy. Night | | 2 P. M. | 96 | close. | | | | | 18th | 5 A. M. | 90 | S. E.--during the day S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 96 | Heavy dew. | | | | | 19th | 5 A. M. | 89 | N. W. great dew at night. | | 3 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 20th | 5 A. M. | 90 | South; fresh; hazy. At Mr. | | 3 P. M. | 96 | BRUCE’S house 100, | | | | very close. | | | | | 21st | 5 A. M. | 90 | South; oppressively hot. | | 3 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 22d | 5 A. M. | 89 | S. W. fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 23d | 5 A. M. | 89 | S. W. These southerly | | 3 P. M. | 96 | winds are unusual. | | | | | 24th | 5 A. M. | 89 | S. W. very hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 25th | 5 A. M. | 88 | South West. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 26th | 5 A. M. | 87 | S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 27th | 5 A. M. | 87 | S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 28th | 5 A. M. | 88 | S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 29th | 5 A. M. | 88 | S. W. light; very close, and | | 2 P. M. | 96 | oppressive. | | | | | 30th | 5 A. M. | 90 | Greater heat than yesterday. | | 2 P. M. | 98 | Yet it blew N. and we did | | | | not feel the heat so much. | | | | | Aug. | | | | 1st | 5 A. M. | 91 | North; light fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 2d | 5 A. M. | 91 | N. fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 96 | | | | | | 3d | 5 A. M. | 90 | N. fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 5th | 5 A. M. | 89 | N. cooler in the day, but | | 2 P. M. | 94 | closer at night. | | | | | 6th | 5 A. M. | 89 | N. Atmosphere clearer. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | Mountains visible. | | | | | 7th | 5 A. M. | 89 | North. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 8th | 5 A. M. | 88 | N. strong. Early at night | | 2 P. M. | 9 | wind from the south. | | | | | 9th | 5 A. M. | 88 | N. W. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 10th | 5 A. M. | 87 | North. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 11th | 5 A. M. | 87 | Rather south. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 12th | 5 A. M. | 87 | S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 13th | 5 A. M. | 88 | N. W.; extremely hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 14th | 5 A. M. | 88 | N.; at night light E. breeze. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 15th | 5 A. M. | 86 | S. during the day. At night | | 2 P. M. | 94 | cooler than for three months| | | | past. | | | | | 16th | 5 A. M. | 87 | S. W. great dew at night. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 17th | 5 A. M. | 88 | N. W. in the evening. Morning | | 2 P. M. | 95 | calm; and oppressive heat. | | | | | Aug. | | | | 19th | 5 A. M. | 90 |N. breeze. Nights cool and | | 2 P. M. | 95 | pleasant. | | | | | 20th | 5 A. M. | 87 |N. W. hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 21st | 5 A. M. | 84 |Cold morning. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 22d | 5 A. M. | 82 |N. W. unusually cold for | | 2 P. M. | 92 | the season, in the morning: | | | | saw the mountains. | | | | | 23d | 5 A. M. | 83 |Saw the mountains. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 24th | 5 A. M. | 84 |Colds becoming frequent, | | 2 P. M. | 93 | from the cold nights. | | | | | 25th | 5 A. M. | 83 |S. Dew at night. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 26th | 5 A. M. | 85 |S. Heavy dew at night. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 27th | 5 A. M. | 83 |S. W.; very hazy and great | | 2 P. M. | 93 | dew. | | | | | 28th | 5 A. M. | 82 |Evening and morning, thick | | 2 P. M. | 92 | fog. During the day S. | | | | breeze. | | | | | 29th | 5 A. M. | 85 |S. W. Oppressive day. | | 2 P. M. | 93½ | | | | | | 30th | 5 A. M. | 87 |S. W. Warm and oppressive: | | 2 P. M. | 94 | hazy. | | | | | Sept. | | | | 1st | 5 A. M. | 83 |South. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 2d | 5 A. M. | 85 |S. W. Dew at night. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 3d | 5 A. M. | 86 |S. W. Hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 4th | 5 A. M. | 86 |S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 5th | 5 A. M. | 86 |S. W. | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 6th | 5 A. M. | 85 | | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 7th | 5 A. M. | 84 | | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 8th | 5 A. M. | 84 |N. light winds. | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 9th | 5 A. M. | 84 |West; light; very warm | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 10th | 5 A. M. | 88 |N. W.; light | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 11th | 5 A. M. | 83 | | | 2 P. M. | 94 | | | | | | 12th | 5 A. M. | 85 | | | 2 P. M. | 95 | | | | | | 13th | 5 A. M. | 85 |S. Evening cloudy. Oppressive | | 2 P. M. | 95 | heat. | | | | | 14th | 5 A. M. | 86 |S.; a very unusual day at | | 2 P. M. | 95 | this season. Wind increased | | 5 P. M. | 84 | from the S. during the | | | | morning, and blew hard | | | | till two P. M.; lulled quarter| | | | of an hour; shifted to | | | | the N.; blew very hard, | | | | with lightning and thunder. | | | | Rain; dull; and at five | | | | P. M. vast column of sand | | | | from the E. announced a | | | | gale. The thermometer | | | | sunk eleven degrees. Rain, | | | | thunder, and immense | | | | lightning. Night: pleasant | | | | breeze during the night, | | | | from S. and E. | | | | | 15th | 5 A. M. | 83 |S. fresh; cool and pleasant. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 16th | 5 A. M. | 83 |N. light. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 17th | 5 A. M. | 83 |N. W. hazy. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 19th | 5 A. M. | 84 |N. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 20th | 5 A. M. | 83 |N. pleasant. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 21st | 5 A. M. | 83 |N. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 22d | 5 A. M. | 83 |N. 9 P. M. cool E. breeze. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 23d | 5 A. M. | 82 |N. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 24th | 5 A. M. | 81 |N. fresh: mountain clear: | | 2 P. M. | 93 | land wind. | | | | | 25th | 5 A. M. | 82 |N. Fresh at night: hard from | | 2 P. M. | 93 | the N. W. | | | | | 26th | 5 A. M. | 85 |N. W. More moderate. | | 2 P. M. | 93 | | | | | | 27th | 5 A. M. | 82 |N. _Baad-e-Suba_, cool from | | 2 P. M. | 93 | the mountains. | | | | | 28th | 5 A. M. | 80 |East. Cool. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 29th | 5 A. M. | 80 |S. light. | | 2 P. M. | 90 | | | | | | 30th | 5 A. M. | 80 |S. Close. | | 2 P. M. | 90 | | | | | | Oct. | | | | 1st | 5 A. M. | 80 |Westerly; thick fog and | | 2 P. M. | 90 | extremely wet. Ground | | | | moist, like as with rain. | | | | | 2d | 5 A. M. | 79 |N. W. | | 2 P. M. | 91 | | | | | | 3d | 5 A. M. | 80 |N. W. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 4th | 5 A. M. | 80 |N. fresh: comet, due W. of | | 2 P. M. | 90 | Bushire. 7 P. M. 40 and | | | | 50 above the horizon. | | | | | 5th | 5 A. M. | 80 |N. fresh: mountains clear. | | 2 P. M. | 91 | | | | | | 6th | 5 A. M. | 81 |N. fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 92 | | | | | | 7th | 5 A. M. | 81 |N. fresh: light. | | 2 P. M. | 91 | | | | | | 8th | 5 A. M. | 81 |S. light and warm: | | 2 P. M. | 92 | considerable dew at night. | | | | | 9th | 5 A. M. | 81 |S. W. light _Baad-e-Suba_. | | 2 P. M. | 91 | | | | | | 10th | 5 A. M. | 80 |W. in the day. _Baad-e-Suba_ | | 2 P. M. | 90 | and dews. | | | | | 11th | 5 A. M. | 79 |Do. | | 2 P. M. | 90 | | | | | | 12th | 5 A. M. | 80 |S. E. cool breeze. | | 2 P. M. | 90 | | Oct. | | | | 13th | 5 A. M. | 79 | N. W. fresh and cold. | | 2 P. M. | 85 | | | | | | 14th | 5 A. M. | 78 | N. cool and pleasant. | | 2 P. M. | 85 | | | | | | 15th | 5 A. M. | 78 | N. pleasant. | | 2 P. M. | 84½ | | | | | | 16th | 5 A. M. | 75 | N. hazy mountains. | | 2 P. M. | 85 | | | | | | 17th | 5 A. M. | 74 | N. pleasant. | | 2 P. M. | 84 | | | | | | 18th | 5 A. M. | 74 | East and north. | | 2 P. M. | 84 | | | | | | 19th | 5 A. M. | 73 | North. | | 2 P. M. | 84 | | | | | | 20th | 5 A. M. | 75 | East A. M.; then southerly | | 2 P. M. | 87 | and warmer. | | | | | 21st | 5 A. M. | 74 | East and north. | | 2 P. M. | 85 | | | | | | 22d | 5 A. M. | 72 | North: east and west in the | | 2 P. M. | 86 | morning. | | | | | 23d | 5 A. M. | 74 | E. heavy clouds and little | | 2 P. M. | 86 | rain. | | | | | 24th | 5 A. M. | 76 | East. Clouds; heavy clouds | | 5 P. M. | 86 | to the W. and thunder: | | | | warm. | | | | | 25th | 5 A. M. | 78 | N. fresh. | | 2 P. M. | 85 | | | | | | 26th | 5 A. M. | 76 | N. fresh. Cloudy and pleasant | | 2 P. M. | 84 | | | | | | 27th | 5 A. M. | 75 | N. | | | | | 28th | - - | -- | Went a hunting to the 12th | | | | November. | ------+---------+--------------+--------------------------------+

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

KEPT AT BUSHIRE, NOVEMBER, 1808.

------+---------+--------------+---------------------------------- Day. | Hour. | Thermometer. | Wind and Weather. ------+---------+--------------+---------------------------------- | | | Nov. | | | 2d | 6 A. M.| 69° | S. E. light clouds from the S. | 12 | 84 | Clouds still rising. | 10 P. M.| 77 | Sky wild. Foxes tails: an | | | extraordinary halo round | | | the moon: sultry. | | | 3d | 6 A. M.| 70 | S. E. clouds all over, but | 12 | 84 | light. Very sultry, and | | | wind hot, though not clammy. | 10 P. M.| 80 | | | | 4th | 6 A. M.| 74 | S. E. clouds all over: haze; | 12 | 84 | wind light in the morning, | | | but increased very strong | | | at noon. | 10 P. M.| 81 | Fell in the evening very | | | heavy: clouds in the N. W. | | | with a little lightning. | | | Calm. | | | 5th | 6 A. M.| 65 | N. E. At about three this | 12 | 76 | morning it blew a furious | 10 P. M.| 77 | gale from the N. E. and | | | W. with much thunder and | | | lightning. The rain fell | | | at about half past four, and | | | the wind subsided; it produced | | | a charming coolness | | | in the air. At 12 wind | | | East. | | | 6th | 6 A. M.| 74 | W. clear sky, fresh and cold. | | | Fell ill, and could not observe. | | | 7th | | | Very clear weather: _Halila | | | Peak_, and mountains, seen | | | remarkably plain. | | | 8th | 6 A. M.| 68 | Calm, and rather hazy: light | | | clouds. | 12 | 75 | | 10 P. M.| 76 | Fresh night. | | | 9th | 7 A. M.| 73 | Southerly. Clouds all over, | | | with appearance of rain. | 12 | 80 | Very sultry. | 11 P. M.| 73 | Clear sky and a pleasant | | | evening. | | | 10th | 7 A. M.| 73 | Calm. Fine clear morning. | 12 | 80 | Sultry day. | 10 P. M.| 77 | | | | 11th | 7 A. M.| 73 | Southerly. Sultry: cloudy to | 12 | 83 | the north, and at sun-set | 11 P. M.| 79 | large clouds over _Halila | | | Peak_ emitting much lightning. | | | At about 7 P. M. it | | | blew fresh from the clouds, | | | and at about ten o’clock in | | | the morning a most violent | | | storm of thunder and lightning | | | from the N. W. with | | | much rain. | | | 12th | 12 Noon.| 76 | W. very fresh. Still many | | | clouds. | 10 P. M.| 74 | N. W. clear evening; at sun-set | | | the sky looked rainy | | | with clouds all over. | | | 13th | 6 A. M.| 67 | N. beautiful clear weather, | | | and cold. | 1 P. M.| 73 | N. | 11 P. M.| 70 | N. fine clear night; cold: | | | slept with a blanket and | | | coverlid. | | | 14th | 6 A. M.| 64 | N. fine clear weather: saw | | | the first snows on the N. E. | | | mountains. | 12 | 71 | N. W. | 11 P. M.| 72 | Clear weather. | | | 15th | 6 A. M.| 64 | N. W. delightful morning, | | | fresh and pleasant. | 12 | 72 | Some few clouds at the close | 11 P. M.| 73 | of the evening. The night | | | quite clear. The stars shining | | | with peculiar brilliancy: | | | Orion, Arcturus, and the | | | Pleiades quite splendid. | | | 16th | 6 A. M.| 65 | Calm. Fine morning. | 11 P. M.| 75 | Light airs. Warm. | | | 17th | 6 A. M.| 67 | Light airs, and calms. | 12 P. M.| 75 | Cloudy. | | | 18th | 6 A. M.| 68 | Warm and pleasant. | 12 | 77 | S. if any thing, cloudy. | 11 P. M.| 74 | Wind hot, and strong; appearances | | | of a southerly | | | wind. | | | 19th | 6 A. M.| 67 | N. very light breeze. | 12 | 76 | W. in the evening much appearances | 11 P. M.| 76 | of blowing, and | | | many clouds. | | | 20th | 6 A. M.| 67 | N. fine clear morning. | 1 P. M.| 75 | Light breeze. | | | 21st | 7 A. M.| 67 | N. W. fresh: night cold, but | | | very clear. | 12 | 74 | N. W. | | | 22d | 7 A. M.| 65 | N. W. cold and bracing. | 12 | 74 | N. W. warmer. | 11 P. M.| 67 | | | | 23d | 7 A. M.| 63 | N. W. calm weather. | 11 P. M.| 67 | N. W. light breeze. | | | 24th | 6 A. M.| 63 | S. W. very cloudy, and appearance | 12 | 75 | of rain. Clouds | 10 P. M.| 73 | gathered at sun set in the | | | N. W. quarter. | | | 25th | 6 A. M.| 70 | S. E. morning very thick, | 1 P. M.| 67 | and lightning in N. W. | 10 P. M.| 68 | Clouds all over portending | | | storm and wind: N. breeze. | | | 26th | 6 A. M.| 67 | S. E. blew very fresh in the | 12 | 73 | night from the N. E. and | | | N. W. with rain and occasional | | | thunder: in the morning | | | blew fresh, and many | | | clouds. N. W. | 10 P. M.| 67 | N. W. | | | 27th | 7 A. M.| 63 | N. W. very cold; slept with | | | two blankets. | 11 P. M.| 65 | Ditto. | | | 28th | 6 A. M.| 60 | S. | 11 A. M.| 66 | S. W. and shifting about. | 11 P. M.| 67 | S. W. clouds all over, and | | | appearances of rain. | | | 29th | 6 A. M.| 60 | Snow seen very plain. | 2 P. M.| 69 | | 10 P. M.| 67 | S. W. | | | 30th | 7 A. M.| 64 | Southerly. Clouds all over: | | | at sun-set a cloud covered | | | _Halila Peak_: at night | | | clouds rising from the N. E. | | | Dec. | | | 1st | 7 A. M.| 64 | Westerly. Calm and serene. | 2 P. M.| 73 | | 11 P. M.| 70 | | | | 2d | 7 A. M.| 65 | Easterly. Fresh from the | | | mountains. | 2 P. M.| 73 | S. at noon, fine weather. | 11 P. M.| 70 | S. night clearer: light clouds, | | | evening hot. | | | 3d | 7 A. M.| 65 | East. Light breeze. | 2 P. M.| 73 | Westerly at noon; warm day. | 11 P. M.| 70 | Warm: evening pleasant. | | | 4th | 7 A. M.| 66 | East. | 2 P. M.| 70 | S. W. strong at 10 o’clock: | | | heavy clouds. | 11 P. M.| 74 | Clouds in the evening: gathered | | | in the northward, | | | dispersed with a light squall | | | and lightning. Clouds from | | | the southward at eleven at | | | night. | | | 5th | 7 A. M.| 70 | S. a light squall at night: | 2 P. M.| 73 | morning cloudy, but cleared | | | up after. | | | 6th | 7 A. M.| 65 | N. fine clear weather. | 2 P. M.| 70 | | 11 P. M.| 68 | | | | 7th | 7 A. M.| 64 | E. in the morning, wind from | 2 P. M.| 70 | the land; delightful clear | 11 P. M.| 68 | weather. | | | 8th | 7 A. M.| 64 | N. rather calm. | 11 P. M.| 72 | A most charming moon light. | | | 9th | 7 A. M.| 74 | Calm. A warm day. Very | 11 P. M.| 72 | fine sun-rise and sun-set. | | | 10th | 7 A. M.| 69 | N. W. strong Cold: haze. | 1 P. M.| 70 | Continued to blow fresh. | 11 P. M.| 67 | | | | 11th | 7 A. M.| 61 | Cold morning. | 2 P. M.| 69 | S. W. very light. | | | 12th | 6 A. M.| 61 | Cold. | 2 P. M.| 66 | N. W. light. | 11 P. M.| 64 | | | | 13th | 7 A. M.| 60 | East. Fine morning. Haze | | | over the mountains. | 11 P. M.| 65 | | | | 14th | 7 A. M.| 59 | Northerly. Very fine clear | 1 P. M.| 65 | weather, and cold. | | | 15th | 7 A. M.| 59 | Clear weather. | 11 P. M.| 63 | S. W. sprung up, with a haze | | | all over. Warm. | | | 17th | 9 A. M.| 65 | _Alichangee._--S. W. Great | | | clouds in the evening portending | | | storm: during the | | | day very warm. | | | 19th | 6 A. M.| 65 | S. Pleasant day. Great haze, | 2 P. M.| 70 | and the mountains just | | | looming. | 11 P. M.| 60 | A charming breeze. | | | 20th | 7 A. M.| 54 | Fine clear morning. | | | _Borazjoon._ | | | 21st | 8 A. M.| 57 | | 1 P. M.| 66 | Dead calm under the mountain: | | | hot wind sprung up, | | | and curled up books, paper | | | and ivory instruments. | | | 22d | 6 A. M.| 51 | _Daulakee._--This place, | | | situated under the mountains, | | | is reckoned hotter than | | | _Borazjoon_. | | | 23d | 6 A. M.| 51 | _Khisht._--S. cloudy all over. | 12 | 61 | _Khaumauridge._--Latitude | | | by meridional observation, | | | 29°. 33´. 55´´. | 8 A. M.| 56 | Fine clear night. Orion more | | | beautiful than ever. | | | 24th | 6 A. M.| 44 | Wind from the E. very cold. | 9 P. M.| 54 | _Kauzeroon._--Clear and beautiful | | | weather. | | | 25th | 6 A. M.| 42 | | | | 26th | 6 A. M.| 40 | E. cold. | 3 P. M.| 56 | Vale of _Abdoui_. | 8 P. M.| 45 | Light clouds. | | | 27th | 7 A. M.| 39 | Very cold: fires in our tents. | | | Great coats. | 2 P. M.| 44 | _Desht-e-arjun._--West. Very | | | cold: snow in the mountains, | | | falling from very thick | | | clouds a little on the plain. | | | 28th | 7 P. M.| 34 | West. Worsted stockings | | | and three blankets. | | | 29th | 7 P. M.| 30 | _Khoné Zenioun._--Freezing | | | in the tents with a fire in | | | them. | 2 P. M.| 47 | _Bagh shah Cheragh._--West. | | | Snow fell, and water strongly | | | frozen. | | | 30th | 2 P. M.| 45 | _Shiraz._--Fine clear weather.

INDEX

A

_Abadéh_, village of, p. 150

ABBAS, SHAH, p. 163. 165, 166. 168. 175. 180. 213. 267, 268, 269. 271. 287. 290

ABBAS MIRZA, the Heir Apparent of Persia, p. 109. 241, 242. 252. 266 --character and anecdotes, p. 279-84. 303. 307. 366

_Abdoui_, valley of, p. 93

ABDUL ASSIZ (SAOOD IBN ABDOOL UZZEER) chief of the _Wahabees_, p. 222

ABDULLA AGA, _Musselim_ of _Bussorah_, p. 12

ABDULLA AGA, a rebel _Courd_, p. 310. 315

ABDULLA KHAN, _pro-Mehmandar_, p. 122

ABDULLA RESOUL, _Sheik_ of _Bushire_, p. 10, 11, 12 --history of, p. 15-28

_Abhar_, town of, p. 256

_Aderbigian_, silver mines, p. 238 --boundaries enlarged, p. 266 --revenue, p. 284

Administration of the provinces of Persia, p. 49 --of the districts, p. 235 --offices sold, p. 237

Adventure at _Pool Dallauk_, p. 181 --at _Alwar_, p. 318

_Affghans_, p. 33. 50. 153. 155. 168

_Affshars_, p. 240

_Aga_, a Tartar title, p. 235

AGA BESHEER, the Queen’s chief eunuch, p. 104. 118

_Aga Kemal_, village of, p. 176

AGA KHAN, p. 148

AGA MAHOMED KHAN, King of Persia, p. 181. 211. 214. 218. 221. 238. 239. 242. 267. 290

_Agajik_, village of, p. 305

_Agatch_, Turkish measure, p. 305

_Agatch degnis_, “Sea of Trees,” p. 359

_Agi_, river of, p. 293

Agriculture, at _Bushire_, p. 60. 78 --in _Aderbigian_, p. 300-1 --in Asia Minor, p. 331, 332. 334. 339

_Agri dagh_ or _Ararat_, p. 306

_Ahmadiéh_, village of, p. 76

_Ak Caléh_, p. 326. 330

_Ala dagh_, mountains near _Diadin_, p. 311

_Albores_, mountains near _Teheran_, p. 177. 183. 227, 228

_Ali Capi_ gate, at _Ispahan_, p. 168

_Alichangee_, village of, p. 71

ALI MIRZA, Prince of _Shiraz_ --See HOSSEIN ALI MIRZA

_Ali Shah_, village near _Tabriz_, p. 293

_Ali Shah_, _ark_ of, at _Tabriz_, p. 278

_Aliverdy Khan_, bridge of, p. 213. 268

_Alwar_, adventure with the Aga of, p. 318

_Amasia_, approaches to, p. 347 --chambers in the rock, p. 348 --people, 349

_Ameenabad_, p. 154

_Ameen-ed-Dowlah_, p. 185. 190. 195, 196. 199. 201. 204. 205. 211. 213. 239. 250. 251

Animals (of the _Dashtistan_) p. 62-7 --combats of, p. 119, 120. 209

Antelope, eyes of the, p. 369

Aqueducts, ancient, at _Shapour_, p. 86 --at _Persepolis_, p. 131. 135

_Arabah_, wheeled cart, p. 300, 315. 326

_Arab_ tribes on the coast of Persia, p. 16, 50 --at _Shooster_, p. 252 --throughout the kingdom, p. 240 --pirates, p. 371

_Ararat_, mountain of, p. 306. 308. 315

“_Arctomys_” of LINNÆUS, p. 260

_Araxes_, river, now the _Bend-emir_, p. 124 --another, now the _Arras_, p. 317

_Ark_, fortified palace, p. 207. 225. 259

_Armaghanéh_, village of, p. 262

Arched roofs at _Derees_, p. 85 --at _Abadéh_, p. 151 --at _Mesjid Madré Suleiman_, p. 146

Armenian clergy in _Ispahan_, p. 161 --churches at _Julfa_, p. 168 --merchant, p. 225 --people at _Arz-roum_, p. 322 --inscription, p. 329

ARRIAN, p. 146

_Arsingan_, p. 332

_Arubah_, cape, p. 3

“_Arz-beg_,” lord of requests, p. 69. 76

_Arz-roum_, p. 320 --ancient and present state, p. 322

ASHREFF, the second _Affghan_ king, p. 168. 175

_Ashreff_, town of, p. 288

_Ashtola_, island of, p. 4

ASHER KHAN, Persian Embassador in Paris, p. 334

Asparagus, wild, p. 330

“Asses Ears,” points of land, p. 9

_Asterabad_, p. 288

Astrology of _Bushire_, p. 69. 73 --of _Tabriz_, p. 291

_Atesh Gau_, p. 234

ATTABEK SHAH, p. 102

_Auk-kend_, village of, p. 264

B

“_Backshish_,” vails, p. 323

_Bagh Shah Cheragh_, p. 97

_Baghwarder_, latitude near it, p. 152

_Bahram_, fort of King, p. 150

_Bahrein_, p. 52, 53. 62

_Baibort_, district of, p. 331

BAIRAM ALI KHAN CADJAR, p. 100. 108. 122

_Bairam_, feast of the, p. 40 --_Corban Bairam_, p. 154

“_Baklavah_,” cake of honey, paste, &c. p. 324

_Bakouba_, p. 284

_Baktegian_, lake of, p. 124

_Baktiar_ tribe, p. 240. 242 --body guard of the Prince at _Shiraz_, p. 110 --mountains, p. 160

“_Balconah_,” customary present to an embassador, p. 35

_Balouches_, from _Crotchey_ to Cape _Monze_, p. 5. 49, 50

_Balouchestan_, p. 49

_Bang_, cape, p. 50

Barley, p. 262. 266 --open to the King’s people, p. 256

_Barnhill_, the, p. 7

_Bayazid_, city of, p. 306

_Bayrack_, p. 350

_Bazars_ of _Bushire_, p. 57 --of _Shiraz_, p. 102 --of _Ispahan_, p. 170

Beards in Persia, p. 166 --dyed, p. 231 --process of dying, p. 247

_Bebehan_, city of, p. 49

_Beglerbegs_, p. 49 --See p. 235 --of _Ispahan_, p. 160. 162. 172

_Benak_, spice plant, p. 92

_Bend-emir_, river, ancient _Araxes_, p. 51 --course of, p. 124

_Bendes_, p. 61

_Ben Gieul_, [of the _Euphrates_, see map] of the _Araxes_, p. 317. 326

_Bisgoush_, mountains of, p. 270

BLACKER, Lieutenant, p. 2

BLANKET, Admiral, p. 33

Body-Guard, of the King, p. 242

_Bokhara_, blue beards in, p. 247 --Silver from, p. 238

_Boli_, p. 357 --forest of, p. 358

_Bombay_, departure from, p. 2

_Bombareek_, cape and rock of, p. 6

Boots in Persia, p. 246

_Borazjoon_, village of, p. 76

_Bosnia_, native of, p. 324. 340

Bottle of sugar candy broken before the Envoy’s horse, p. 84. 97. 124

Bridges at _Ispahan_, p. 162. 213

Broad cloth, excellence of English, p. 355.

_Brodies_ from _Monze_ to Cape _Jasques_, p. 5

BRUCE, Mr. Assistant Resident at _Bushire_, p. 10. 11. 32. 33. 37. 51. 52. 69. 206, 218 --sent to India, p, 219. 240

Buffaloes, p. 359

Bullion, price of in Persia, p. 238

_Bund-emir Timoor_, p. 124 --_Bund Kohrood_, p. 177 --at _Ispahan_, p. 213

BUONAPARTE, Treaty with Persia, p. 216 --conduct of the Persians, p. 251 --his hospital at _Malta_, p. 368

_Busheab_, island of, or _Khoshaub_, p. 7 --pearls on the shoal, p. 53

_Bushire_, arrival in the roads, p. 10 --landing in Persia, p. 12 --militia of, p. 13 --history of the _Sheik_ of, chap. ii. p. 15-28 --description of the town, p. 56-8

Bustard, p. 61.

_Bustion_, cape, mine and fort at, p. 51

C

_Cadjar_, dynasty of, p. 150 --tribe of, p. 241

CAMPBELL, Mr. Surgeon to the Mission, p. 2

Captives among the _Turcomans_, p. 289

_Cara-ainéh_, village of, p. 303

_Carahissar_, beautiful scenery, p. 334

_Caraja_, p. 332

_Carajalar_, p. 354

_Carajol_, p. 354

Caravanserai, p. 81, &c. --at _Yezdikhaust_, p. 153 --at _Maxhood Beggy_, p. 154 --at _Mayar_, p. 157 --at _Gez_, p. 175 --at _Saidabad_, p. 272

Carpets, Persian, p. 166

Caspian sea, p. 290 --ships on, p. 287

_Casvin_, city of, p. 253-4

_Catabee_, Persian dress, p. 99. 245

Causeway (of SHAH ABBAS), p. 287, 358, 360

Cavalcade, on the journey to _Teheran_, p. 69-70

_Ceylon_, pearl of, p. 53

_Chahar Bagh_, p. 162. 170

Chairs at _Ispahan_ like those of _Persepolis_, p. 162

CHAPPAN OGLU, p. 341. 346

_Chappow_, inroads of the Turcomans, p. 289

CHARDIN, p. 126. 129. 168, 169, 170-1. 206. 230, 243. 277

Charts, errors in the, Persian Gulph, HEATHER, p. 7 --MACCLUER, p. 9. 373

“_Charwarder_,” chief Muleteer, p. 70

“_Chatters_,” running footmen, p. 37. 69. 212. 246

_Chedaughee_, tribe of, p. 268

_Chehil-minar_, (_Persepolis_), p. 129

_Chehil-sitoon_ at _Ispahan_, p. 164

_Chehil-ten_ at _Shiraz_, p. 105

CHENAN, story of SHEIK, p. 105

_Chenar_ tree, p. 104, &c.

Cherries in Asia Minor, p. 335. 338. 344

_Chiflik_, p. 330

“_Choppers_,” couriers, p. 64. 181

“_Chorbah_,” soup, p. 324

Christians, tombs of ancient, p. 329. 357 --retreats of, p. 240. 243

CHRYSOSTOM, _St. John_, p. 349

_Chubar_, town of, coast of _Mekran_, p. 5

Climates various in Persia, p. 49 --of _Bushire_, p. 61 --of _Teheran_, p. 227-9 --see Appendix

Coals, in _Mazanderan_, p. 231

COARE, Mr. dies at _Bushire_, p. 47

_Coflan-kou_, mountain of, p. 267

Coinage in Persia, p. 238

_Comana Pontica_, p. 343

“_Conchas_,” long trays, p. 116

_Congoon_, town and _Sheik_ of, p. 7, 8. 49 --pearl bank, p. 55

_Constantinople_, splendour of the scene, p. 363

Cookery of the _Turcomans_, p. 289

Copper, trade in, at _Tocat_, p. 345

_Corbal_, p. 124

_Corban Bairam_, feast of, p. 154

CORBETT, Capt. H. M. S. _Nereide_, p. 2. 11

Cormorants on trees, p. 64

Cotton at _Hallila_, p. 59 --in Persia, 231

_Cotul_, p. 76

Court of Persia, ceremonies of, p. 286

Cow dung as fuel, p. 251. 272

Cranes, p. 305

Cufic inscription at _Reshire_, p. 59 --at _Rey_, p. 233 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 258 --on the bridge over the _Kizzil-ozan_, p. 267 --at _Mama Khatoun_, p. 328 --at _Arz-roum_, p. 322

_Curdistan_ robbers, p. 303. 307. 310. 312. 315. 326, 327. 330

_Currimabad_, ancient _Corbiana_, p. 233

Cypresses at _Shiraz_, p. 103, 104

CYRUS? tomb of, p. 145

D

Danish establishment in the Gulph of Persia, p. 51

_Darabgherd_, note, p. 124

_Dashtistan_, p. 16. 48. 76-7

_Dasti_, district of, p. 39. 51

_Daulakee_, p. 77, 78. 82. 160

DAVIS, Capt. GEORGE, H. M. S. _Sapphire_, p. 2. 44. 64

_Deerogha_, p. 82

_Dehnar_, p. 179

_Dehsis_, p. 261

_Deibeed_, p. 147

_Delhis_ of the Turkish army, p. 325. 327. 353-4

_Deli-baba_, village of, p. 315

_Demawend_, mountain of, p. 177. 183. 231 --fables connected with it, p. 232

“_Dereea Kulzum_,” the Caspian, p. 290

_Derees_, town of, p. 84, 85

_Dereyah_, capital of the _Wahabees_, p. 222

_Derveishes_, p. 32 (TALAMASH, as a _Derveish_, p. 33) 82. 104

_Dewan Khonéh_ at _Shiraz_, p. 108 --at _Ispahan_, p. 166 --at _Teheran_, p. 188 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 260

“_Dherna_,” see note, p. 33

_Diadin_, town of, p. 309. 329

Diplomacy of Persia, p. 198-201 --publicity of, p. 216

_Diu_, Portuguese colours on the fort of, p. 2

Divers in the Pearl Fishery, p. 54

Division of time in Persia, p. 41

“_Dochter_” mountain, p. 93

Dog of the _Balouches_, p. 50 --_Kofla Dog_, p. 64

“_Dogoosheh_” slit cap, p. 150

“_Dolmah_,” p. 324

Dome of the mosque at _Sultaniéh_, p. 258 --domed buildings, p. 279

Dress of Persia, p. 243-8

“_Dungaree_” linen cloth, p. 26

_Durand_, guard house, p. 346. 357

Dutch painters in the service of SHAH ABBAS, p. 168

Duties of customs, p. 297

Dwarf wrestlers at _Shiraz_, p. 119

E

Earthquakes at _Casvin_, p. 254 --at _Tabriz_, p. 277, 278 --at _Tasouj_, p. 297

“_Eels_” or tribes, p. 288

_Effendi_, p. 20

_Egmaun_, port of, p. 44. 373

_Elauts_, encampments of, p. 77. 231. 262. 301. 304. 308 --reception in their tents, p. 308-9

“_Elkhee chee_,” master of the mares, p. 304

EMIN AGA, Governor of _Arz-roum_, p. 323 --created a _Pacha_, p. 332

English letter from a Persian, p. 31 --compare, p. 203

Entertainments given to the Envoy by the new governor of _Bushire_, p. 73 --at _Shiraz_, by the Minister, p. 111-6 --by the _Mehmandar_, p. 118 --at _Ispahan_, by the _Beglerbeg_, p. 172 --at _Teheran_, by the Prime Minister, p. 194 --by the King, 207 --at _Tabriz_, by the son of the Minister, p. 285 --at _Arz-roum_, by the Governor, p. 323 --at _Caraja_, by the _Aga_, p. 333

Etiquettes of Persia, p. 285

_Euphrates_, sources of, p. 306 --eastern river, p. 309, 310, 311 --western, p. 325. 329

European dress and discipline introduced into Persia, p. 30. 32. 108. 184. 188. 207

Excavated rocks, p. 340. 343

Executioner, chief see _Nasakehee Bashee_

Extortion of the _Derveishes_, p. 32

F

_Failee_ tribe, p. 240-2

_Fakir_, p. 194

“_Fall_” in HAFIZ, p. 229

_Farz_ or _Farsistan_, p. 7. 49 --administration of, p. 110 --frontier, p. 153

_Fasa_, _Bolouk_ and city of, p. 233

FATME, tomb of, at _Koom_, p. 180 --sister of HOSSEIN, p. 195

_Fauces Hyrcaniæ?_ p. 287

Female household at _Teheran_, p. 225

FERDOUSI, p. 186

_Ferosh Bashee_, p. 68. 70

FERRAJOULA KHAN, _Nasakchee Bashee_ of the King, p. 204. 207. 261

Filial respect in the East, see p. 111 --see at _Tabriz_, p. 286

Fire-altar, p. 121

Fire temple near _Persepolis_, p. 128 --at _Mesjid Madré Suleiman_, p. 146

Fire-works at _Shiraz_, p. 113 --at _Ispahan_, p. 172 --at _Teheran_, p. 207. 210

Fire-eater at _Shiraz_, p. 112

_Firman_ of Persia, p. 231

_Firouzabad_, ruins of, p. 234

Fleet of the _Imaum_ of _Muscat_, p. 7, 8 --of the _Joasmee_ pirates, p. 44

Fly-flap, p. 126

Fox, white, at _Bushire_, p. 64

“_Frangistoun_,” Europe, p. 193. 253

_Frat_, see _Euphrates_

Frenchman passing for a _Derveish_, p. 33

French in Persia, p. 10. 30. 42. 190. 123. 212 --French treaty, p. 216 --dismissed from Persia, p. 218. 220

Fruit at _Bushire_, p. 61 --at _Teheran_, p. 230

_Fursung_, p. 171, &c. --see p. 149

G

GALEN, authority of, in Persia, p. 230

GALLEY, Mr. Resident at _Bushire_, p. 50

GARDANNE, General, p. 42. 219, 220

Gardens in Persia; at _Kauzeroon_, p. 92 --at _Shiraz_, p. 105, &c.

Gate of the palace, business transacted at, p. 216

_Gauzir-seng_, town near _Teheran_, p. 251-2

Genoese, works of the, p. 352

_Geredéh_, p. 356

_Germania_, _Kermania_, or _Carmania_, p. 49

“_Germesir_,” p. 49 --again, p. 270

_Geroustan_, mountains of, p. 267

_Gez_, near _Ispahan_, p. 174

_Ghilan_, silk of, p. 231 --language of, p. 288

_Giaours_, works of the, at _Arz-roum_, p. 322 --again, p. 337

“_Gika_,” ornament of rank, p. 208

_Girid_, game of, p. 77

_Gombroon_, (_Bender-Abassay_, p. 31), p. 51

_Goudar_, tribe of, p. 288

“_Goulams_,” slaves of the King’s body guard, p. 243

_Goush Khonéh_ at _Ispahan_, p. 172

_Grabs_, Arab vessels, p. 8

Grampus, possibly the whale of ARRIAN, p. 50

Grass, common property in Persia, p. 339

Greek church at _Arz-roum_, p. 322 --inscription at _Nakshi Rustam_, &c.

_Guadel_, cape and town, p. 4. 50

_Guebreabad_, p. 177

_Guebres_ in Persia, p. 234

_Gulistan_, p. 213

Gum Tragacanth, p. 231

_Gumuck Khonéh_, p. 332

“_Gumrukchee_,” Collector of the Customs, p. 323

_Guzarat_, land of the, p. 2

H

HAFIZ, tomb of, p. 104 --his odes sung, p. 114 --Derveish of the tomb, p. 143 --superstition connected with his works, p. 229

_Haji Hamza_, p. 352

_Hakim_, the governor of a city, p. 235

_Halissé_, crown lands of Persia, p. 238

_Hallilah_ peak, p. 9 --village of, p. 59

_Halys_, river, p. 352

_Hamadan_ (_Ecbatana_, p. 233) Prince of, p. 208

_Hamamlee_, p. 355

HANNIBAL, tomb of, p. 352

_Haooz Sultan_, p. 182

_Harem_, the _Podargus_ of ARRIAN, p. 52

_Harem_, royal, at _Ispahan_, p. 166 --at _Teheran_, p. 225 --supplied by the _Ameen-ed-dowlah_, p. 239

Hares eaten by the Persians, p. 230

“_Hasht-behesht._,” eight Paradises at _Ispahan_, p. 163

_Hassan Caléh_, p. 317-8

Hawks at _Bushire_, p. 64-5

Head dress in Persia, p. 246

“_Heft-ten_,” pleasure-house at _Shiraz_, p. 104

_Henna_, used in dying beards, p. 231

HERBERT, Sir THOMAS, p. 5, note, 137

Herring, from the Caspian, “King of Fishes,” p. 230

_Hieratemis_, of ARRIAN, p. 52

_Hodja_, schoolmaster, p. 333

Honey of _Kauzeroon_, p. 93 --of _Shiraz_ and _Teheran_, p. 230

“_Hoobara_,” bustard, p. 61. 65

Horse of the _Dashtistan_, &c. p. 62 --of the _Turcomans_, p. 62. 289 --character of the Arab and Persian horses, p. 63. 82 --races, p. 210 --horses painted, p. 210 --horsemanship of the Prince Royal, p. 280 --of the Persians and Turks, p. 281

Hospitality of the _Turcomans_, p. 289

HOSSEIN, ceremonies of the death of, p. 194-7, see p. 216

HOSSEIN ALI MIRZA, Prince of _Shiraz_, p. 109. 117. 192 --his present to the King, p. 208

Hot wind on the coast of _Mekran_, p. 6 --in the Gulph of Persia, p. 7

Hot springs at _Hassan Kaleh_, p. 318 --at _Ilija_, p. 325 --near _Kuley Hissar_, p. 338

Household of the King of Persia, p. 217. 239 --female, p. 225

_Hummocks_ of _Kenn_, Gulph of Persia, p. 9

I-J

JAFFER ALI KHAN, English Agent at _Shiraz_, p. 29 --English letter from, p. 31 --character of, p. 43 --see p. 189. 192

JAFFER KHAN, King of Persia, p. 16

“_Jan-baz_,” one who plays away his soul, p. 242

_Janik_, port of, p. 338. 341

_Janizaries_, p. 31

_Jasques_, cape, p. 6. 48, 49. 124

“_Jelowdars_,” grooms, p. 64. 69

_Jemidars_ of the Envoy’s guard, p. 194

JEMSHEED, p. 125. 129. 140. 167

JEMSHEED’S _Harem_, p. 142

JENGHIZ KHAN, portrait of, p. 167 --took _Rey_, p. 233 --plundered _Sultaniéh_, p. 259

_Jerboa_, p. 64 --description of, p. 65-7

Jewels of the King, p. 214

“_Jezaerchi_,” men who use blunderbusses, p. 30

_Joasmee_ Pirates capture the _Sylph_, are defeated by the _Nereide_, p. 44-6. 58 --destroyed, see note at the end, p. 371

JONES, Sir HARFORD, Envoy Extraordinary, _passim_, see conduct throughout the negociations, p. 199-203

_Jooyum_, district of tobacco, p. 19

JOUANNIN, M. p. 220. 264. 280

JUKES, Dr. p. 37. 52. 69. 229

_Julfa_, suburb of _Ispahan_, p. 168

JUSUFF, _Pacha_, Grand Vizier, p. 336. 338. 341

IBRAHIM, _Hajee_, Vizier of AGA MAHOMED KHAN, p. 211. 210 --put to death by the present King, p. 221

IBRAHIM PACHA, governor of _Bayazid_, p. 306

Ice (reservoir of) at _Shiraz_, p. 123 --at _Teheran_, p. 228

Ichthyophagi, on the coast of _Mekran_, p. 50

_Ilija_, warm springs at, p. 325

_Imaum_, parish priest, p. 333

Indian figures at _Shapour_, p. 90

Indigo in Persia, p. 231

Inscriptions at _Tahrie_, p. 51 --at _Reshire_, p. 59 --at _Shapour_, p. 87 --at _Nakshi Rustam_, p. 126-7 --gilt at _Persepolis_, p. 137 --at _Mesjed Madré Suleiman_, p. 144 --at _Rey_, p. 233 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 258, see p. 263. 267 --at _Mama Khatoun_, p. 328 --at _Cherkes_, p. 355 --at _Boli_, p. 357. see plate xxix

Introduction to the Prince at _Shiraz_, p. 107 --to the King at _Teheran_, p. 186 --again, p. 214

Inundation, p. 213

_Irak_, animosity of the people of, to those of _Fars_, p. 157

_Iris_, river, now the _Tozzan Irmak_, p. 343

_Ish Agassi_, master of the ceremonies at _Shiraz_, p. 100. 108 --at _Teheran_, p. 188

_Isker Sou_, village of, p. 340

Islands in the Gulph of Persia, p. 6. 52

ISMAEL BEG, a favourite at _Shiraz_, p. 118. 120

ISMAEL BEG DAMGAUNEE, a favourite at the Court of _Teheran_, p. 216. 243

_Ismid_, ancient _Nicomedia_, p. 361

_Ispahan_, p. 159-173 --reception of the Envoy, p. 161 --extent of the city, p. 161 --general view, p. 169 --inundationat, p. 213 --people of, ridiculed at _Shiraz_, p. 114 --character of, p. 241

_Ispahanek_, village of, p. 157. 159

_Istakbal_, p. 76, &c. (see p. 85, at _Kauzeroon_,) at _Shiraz_, p. 97, &c.

_Istakhar_, distinct from _Persepolis_, p. 129

K

_Kabob_, roast meat, p. 324 --shops at _Ispahan_, p. 171

_Kaduck_, a finer cloth, p. 156. 231

_Kalaat_, dress of honour, p. 26 --at _Shiraz_, p. 120 --at _Teheran_, p. 216 --numbers distributed by the King, p. 205

_Kalaat poshoon_, near _Shiraz_, p. 123

_Kaleoon_, water pipe, p. 13, &c. 55 --_Kaleoon_ of state, at _Shiraz_, p. 109 --at _Teheran_, p. 214

_Kamchaucks_, the, p. 290

_Kamouncha_, a species of violin, p. 113, see p. 225

_Kanauts_, aqueducts, p. 147, &c. --making, p. 253

_Kara Colagh_, p. 330

_Kara guzlou_, tribe, p. 37. 122

“_Kara Khader_,” black tents, p. 288. 302

_Kara Sou_, river, p. 325 --another, p. 337

_Karatch_, village near _Teheran_, p. 250

_Kashan_, p. 177 --well at, p. 178, note --manufactures, p. 231 --character of the people, p. 241

_Katif, El_, pearl bank at, p. 53

_Kauzeroon_, p. 83. 92

_Kaveer_, p. 182

_Kelki Irmak_, p. 337. 342

_Kelounter_, the revenue collector, p. 235

_Kemeen_, village near _Persepolis_, p. 143

_Kenn_, Island, gold dust in the torrents, p. 52

KERIM KHAN, Regent of Persia, p. 101 --his works at _Shiraz_, p. 101-7. 221 --treasures of, p. 238

KERIM KHAN, bearer of the King’s letter, p. 95

_Ket Khoda_, the chief of a village, p. 235

_Khalcal_, district of, p. 284

_Khaloet Khanéh_, private hall of audience at _Teheran_, p. 188 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 260

_Khan_, a military title, p. 235

_Khan_, a caravanserai, p. 345

_Khandaek_, village of, p. 359 --character of the people, p. 360

_Kharrack_, island of, p. 53, 54. 69

_Kharrack_, town on the coast of Persia, p. 51

_Khaumaridge_, p. 83, 84

KHELEEL KHAN, _Hajee_, p. 39

_Khenna_, a dye, p. 231. 247

_Khisht_, plain of, p. 80, 81

_Khoi_, city and plain of, p. 298

_Khona Kergaun_, p. 147

_Khonéh Khorréh_, p. 148

_Khorassan_, Prince of, p. 241, see _Mesched_, p. 208

_Khoresser_, (Gulph of Persia), p. 51

_Khorremderré_, p. 256

_Khosh amedeed_, p. 39. 96, compared with the _Khosh gueldin_ of the Turks, p. 313, see p. 189

_Khosh aub_ (see _Busheab_, p. 7), near _Bushire_, p. 76

_Khour-e-Shootur_, river, near _Koom_, p. 180

_Kinar-a-gird_, p. 182, 183. 250

King of Persia, marble throne, p. 188 --throne of the --peacock, p. 191 --appearance and character, p. 191 --dress, p. 192. 212. 214 --conversations, p. 190. 212. 215. 218, 219 --condescension and kindness to the Envoy, p. 219-20

_Kishmis_, Island of, Gulph of Persia, p. 6

_Kizzil Ozan_, river of, p. 266. 287

_Kohrood_, town and valley of, p. 176

_Komeshah_, p. 155

_Konar-a-tackta_, p. 81

“_Koola-frangee_,” Frank’s hat at _Shiraz_, p. 106. 117 --at _Teheran_, p. 214. 218 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 260

_Koom_, city of, p. 179 --ruins a holy city, p. 180 --manufactures, p. 231 --see p. 289

_Koran_, village of, p. 251

_Kuley Hissar_, p. 337

_Kulzum_, see of, p. 290, note

_Kummund_, noose used in war, p. 242

_Kunjurs_, daggers, p. 112, &c. 125. 245

KUPRIGLI, Grand Vizier, p. 358

“_Kymack_,” clouted cream, p. 326

L

_Lacs_, tribe of the, p. 240

Landed property hereditary, p. 237

Landscape scenery, (see at _Tabriz_, p. 294,) at _Mama Khatoun_, p. 327 --at _Chiflik_, p. 330 --at _Carajar_, p. 331 --_Cara Hissar_, p. 334 --_Kuley Hissar_, p. 338 --near _Nicksar_, p. 341 --_Coja Hissar_, p. 353 --_Boli_. p. 359

_Langarood_, village of, p. 179

Language of Persia, p. 262. 271. 288

_Laristan_, p. 49

Latin inscription at _Armaghanéh_, p. 263

LE BRUN, p. 106. 129. 133, 134. 136. 243

Letters from JAFFER ALI KHAN in English, p. 31 --from the King of Persia, p. 95. 149. 183. 219 --from the King of England, p. 160 --from the Governor General, p. 219 --letter from a Persian to the Envoy in English, p. 203

LINNÆUS, note, p. 260

Lion of Persia, p. 62. 64 --at _Shiraz_, p. 120 --at _Teheran_, p. 187 --combat with an ox, p. 209 --lion in stone over a tomb at _Derces_, p. 85 --at _Desht-e-arjun_, p. 94 --at _Komeshah_, p. 156 --at _Sihin Caléh_, p. 257 --at _Khoré_, p. 301

Liquorice, wild, near _Persepolis_, p. 129

LOANE, Mr. prisoner among the pirates, p. 44

“_Lokmah_,” paste puff, p. 324

_Looties_, mountebanks, p. 209, 210

LOOTF ALI KHAN, p 16. 181

_Lycus_, ancient, now the _Kelki Irmak_, p. 337

M

_Maaden Kebban_, names at, p. 329. 344

_Macis_, mountain of _Ararat_, p. 306

MAHOMED ALI KHAN, Prince of _Hamadan_, p. 208

MAHOMED HASSAN KHAN KARAGUZLOU, p. 37. 41 --sent from _Shiraz_, p. 122

MAHOMED HOSSEIN KHAN, _Ameen-ed-dowlah_, p. 166. 170-1 --his house, p. 184 --visits the Envoy, p. 185 --receives the Envoy, p. 195. 199 --present to the King, p. 208. 210, 211. 216. 221

MAHOMED HUSSEIN KHAN MERVEE, p. 188

MAHOMED JAFFER, vice Governor of _Bushire_, p. 25, 26, 27. 38

MAHOMED KHAN, _Mehmandar_ of _Shiraz_, p. 123

MAHOMED NEBEE KHAN, Persian Embassador to _Calcutta_, p. 23 --history of, note, p. 23 --Governor of _Bushire_, p. 23. 25. 27. 71. 73. 75

MAHOMED ZEKY KHAN, the _Mehmandar_, p. 42. 69. 118. 122

_Maidan Shah_, at _Ispahan_, p. 169

MALCOLM, Brigadier General, p. 23. 31. 83. [p. 199.]

_Maleeat_, original right of the crown, p. 236

_Malta_, p. 318

_Mama Khatoun_, village of, p. 327 --tradition of its foundation, p. 328

_Mama Selemeh_, p. 6

_Manastour_, village of, p. 329

MANDELSLOE, p. 133. 136

Marble of _Tabriz_, p. 104, 105. 163. 278

_Marcivan_, p. 350

Mares, herds of, p. 263, 304

_Marmot_, p. 260

Mat-houses of _Guadel_, p. 5

“_Maun_,” 7¼lbs. p. 92. 110

_Maxhood Beggy_, p. 154

_Mayar_, p. 157

_Mazanderan_, p. 287

“_Meals_,” clubs, p. 85

Medicine of Persia, p. 229

_Medressé Shah Sultan Hossein_ college, at _Ispahan_, p. 163 --_Medressé Jedéh_, p. 164

MEER SAKEE, p. 177

_Mehmandar_, office of, p. 36. 73. 293 --appointed to the Mission, p. 42. 101

_Mekran_, coast of, p. 3-6. 49

Melons at _Sayin_, p. 174

_Memméh Sunni_, p. 82

_Meraughéh_, town of, p. 278

Merchants of Persia, p. 237

_Merdasht_, plain of, p. 49. 124 --covered with antiquities, p. 125

_Mesched_, Prince of, p. 208

_Meshed Omoun_, p. 143

_Mesjid Madré Suleiman_, p. 144

_Miaunéh_, village of, p. 266-70

Military establishment of Persia: at _Shiraz_, p. 110 --at _Teheran_, p. 240 --at _Tabriz_, p. 282 --see p. 241 --and generally, p. 240 --at _Zengan_, p. 261 --military qualities, p. 281. 366

Mineral springs, p. 78

Mines of silver, p. 238 --of iron, p. 283 --of lead, p. 284

_Minou_, on the Gulph of Persia, p. 49

_Miri_, p. 338

_Mirza_, hereditary title of Persia, p. 234

MIRZA ABUL HASSAN, late Envoy to the Court of London, p. 36. 149. 353. 364 --history of, p. 220-3

MIRZA BOZURK, minister at _Tabriz_, p. 282

MIRZA HASSAN, son of MIRZA BOZURK, p. 285

MIRZA REZA, Embassador to BUONAPARTE, p. 193. 216. 253

“_Mirza_ of _Nusserabad_,” p. 178

_Moharrem_, p. 173. 180. 188 --ceremonies of, p. 194-7

_Mollah Suleiman_, p. 315

_Monze_, cape, p. 5

“_Moobarek_,” p. 6

_Moodjdeh_, p. 332

_Moodjdéhlook_, p. 42. 93

_Moran_, cape, p. 3

_Morghaub_, p. 143. 147

Mosques of _Shiraz_, p. 102 --of _Ispahan_, p. 170 --of _Teheran_, p. 225

_Moss_, village of, p. 329

“_Moss_,” curdled milk, p. 252

Mountain Robbers, p. 83

_Mourchekourd_, battle of, p. 175

“_Mujlis_,” an assembly, p. 206

Mules, p. 353

_Mullak al mote_, p. 183

_Muscat_, Imaum of, p. 7 --pearl trade of, p. 53

Music, p. 113, 114

_Musseldom_, cape, p. 6. 51

N

_Nabon_, cape, p. 7 --pearl shoal, p. 53

NADIR SHAH, p. 16 --portrait of, p. 165 --victory of, p. 175 --death, p. 221 --treasures, p. 265

_Nakshi Rustam_, (see p. 89), p. 125-9, see p. 201

_Naptha_, springs of, p. 78 --applied to the skins of camels, p.78 --flame little calid, p. 113

_Narangistoun_, green house at _Ispahan_, p. 167

_Nasakchee Bashee_, chief executioner, office of rank under the Prince at _Shiraz_, p. 19 --under the King at _Teheran_, p. 204. 207 --conduct to the Mission, p. 34

NASR OALAH KHAN, minister at _Shiraz_, p. 101, 102, 110. 117

_Nautilus_, cruiser, attacked by the pirates, p.43

_Nazir_, p. 201. 369

_Negaristan_, summer palace at _Teheran_, p. 227

Negociations begun at _Bushire_, p. 29. 34. 37. 41 --at _Shiraz_, p. 117 --at _Ispahan_, p. 159 --at _Teheran_, p. 198-203, see p. 212-3. 216

NERCIAT, M. p. 220. 280

_Neshki_ character, p. 59

NIEBUHR, p. 16, note 133. 135

_Niksar_, ancient _Nescæsarea_, p. 342

Nitrous acid, p. 78

_Nokara Khonéh_, near _Persepolis_, p. 125 --at _Ispahan_, p. 170 --at _Teheran_, p. 209

_Noory_ tribe, one of the new-modelled corps, p. 30. 42

_Norooz_, eve of, p. 204 --history and ceremonies of the, p. 204-6, see p. 237. 240

NOROOZ KHAN, master of the ceremonies at the Court of _Teheran_, p. 184. 188

_Nowri_, village of, p. 255

_Nusserabad_, p. 178

O

_Okes_, of copper, p. 345

OLEARIUS, p. 136. 287

OLIVIER, p. 16, note

_Oman_, province of, p. 8

OMAR, name of, p. 62 --_Omar Coushen_, day of, p. 249

Omen of a serpent, p. 316

_Ormuz_, island of, p. 52

_Oroumi_, town of, p. 305

_Osmanjik_, town of, p. 352

_Otour_, river, p. 298

OTTER, p. 359

OUSELEY, Sir GORE, Bart. p. 36

Oxen, used in ploughing, p. 261. 275 --as beasts of burthen, p. 300

P

_Pacha_, mode of investiture, p. 332

Paintings in Persia, at _Shiraz_, p. 105, 106 --at _Ispahan_, p. 165. 167 --at _Teheran_, p. 192. 227

_Pak-har_, the servant of the _Ket Khoda_, p. 235 --palaces of the King at _Shiraz_, p. 107 --at _Ispahan_, p. 164-8 --at _Teheran_, p. 187. 226 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 260

_Palma Christi_, at _Shapour_, p. 92

Partridges on trees, p. 64 --“_Toowee_,” desert partridge, p. 77

_Pasagardæ_, p. 145

Passage of the mountains, p. 80. 82

_Passangoor_, village of, p. 179

Pavilion of the clock, p. 170

Peacocks, favourites in Persia, p. 214

Pearl fishery, p. 44 --described, p. 52-6 --two kinds of pearls, p. 53 --mode of speculation, p. 53 --divers, p. 54 --consistency of the pearl, p. 55

“_Peera Zun_” mountain, p. 94

_Peish-kesh_, a tax, the “benevolence” of Persia, p. 237

_Peish-namuz_, chief priest, p. 33. 40

Penmanship, importance of, in Persia, p. 217

PENNANT, note, p. 260

_Peréh_, near _Khoi_, p. 300

_Persepolis_, first view, p. 129 --description, p. 129-137, see p. 201

_Persepolitan_ character, at _Tahrie_, p. 51 --at _Mesjid Madré Suleiman_, p. 144 --at _Fasa_, p. 234

Persia, outlines of the geography, p. 48

Persian dress, p. 38. 243-8 --horse equipage, p. 38 --horses, p. 62-3 --riding, p. 77. 82 --skulls, p. 77 --national character compared with the Turks, p. 362-6 --their voyage, p. 367

Persian Secretary taken by the Pirates, p. 45

_Pesani_, city of, note, p. 4

Pigeons, abundance of, p. 123 --see p. 155

_Pile Rud-bar_, pass of, p. 287

_Pillau_, p. 324

Plough near _Bushire_, p. 60 --near _Sultaniéh_, p. 261 --near _Tabriz_, p. 275

_Podargus_ of ARRIAN, p. 52

Poet, the chief, p. 185-6. 195

_Pool Dallauk_, p. 180. 213

_Pool Hajoo_, at _Ispahan_, p. 170

_Pool Khan_, bridge over the _Bund-emir_, p. 124

Poplars, almost the only wood of _Aderbigian_, p. 274. 277

Population of Persia, p. 155. 240 --of _Ispahan_, p. 171 --of _Tabriz_, p. 284 --of _Khoi_, p. 299 --of _Arz-roum_, p. 322

Portuguese establishments at _Guadel_, p. 4 --at _Cape Bustion_, p. 51 --at _Reshire_, p. 59

_Posmee_, cape, p. 4

Post-houses, established through the north of Persia, p. 269-70 --see p. 354 --in Turkey, p. 357

_Pour-bunder_, in the _Guzarat_, p. 2

Presents, custom of, in Persia, p, 205. 36. 73. 101. 121 --anecdote at _Komeshah_, p. 156 --from the Prince at _Shiraz_, p. 97 --again, p. 120 --from the King of England, p. 186 --from MIRZA SHEFFEEA, p. 194 --from the King of Persia to the Envoy, p. 204. 215 --to his court, p. 205 --presents to the King, p. 208 --to the Envoy, p. 204

Princes of Persia, p. 121. 192. 210 --their numbers, p. 226 --their presents to the King, p. 208 --Prince of _Shiraz_ --see HOSSEIN ALI MIRZA

_Purtun_, p. 326

Q

_Qujar_, (see _Cadjar_), p. 241

_Quoins_, islands of the, p. 6

R

Races at _Teheran_, p. 210

_Ramazan_, fast of, p. 40, 41

Rams, combat of, at _Shiraz_, p. 119 --at _Teheran_, p. 208

Ranks in Persia, p. 234

Rate of travelling, p. 181

_Rayats_ of Persia, p. 235

_Reshire_, ruins of, p. 10 --described, p. 58

_Resht_, manufactures at, p. 231

Resident’s guard at _Bushire_, p. 58

Revenue of Persia, p. 236 --of _Fars_, p. 110 --of _Aderbigian_, p. 284 --of _Khalcal_, p. 284 --of _Khoi_, p. 299

_Rey_, ruins of, ancient _Rhages_, p. 232

_Rhadars_, stations of, p. 82. 96. 123. 296

RICHARDSON, on the _Norooz_, p. 205-6

Road, ancient, p. 232

_Rocknabad_, stream of, p. 123

_Rodo-dendron_, p. 92

_Rhohella_, p. 160

Roman figures at _Shapour_, p. 87. 88. 90. 127

“_Roo sefeed_,” “_roo seeah_,” p. 31

Rope dancers at _Shiraz_, p. 111 --at _Teheran_, p. 208

_Roselkeim_, p. 44 Russian war, p. 30. 93. 211. 255. 276. 291 --prisoners at _Shiraz_, p. 118

RUSTAM, p. 140. 201

S

_Sa-atabad_, pavilion of, p. 162

_Sabanja_, lake of, p. 360 --town, p. 361

Sacrifice of bullocks at _Bushire_, p. 75 --of a lamb in Asia Minor, p. 341

_Sader_, a tax, p. 237

_Sahat_, measure of an hour, p. 305. 326

SAL BEN SAL, pirate chief, p. 44

_Salmas_, sculptures at, p. 299

Salmon, from the Caspian, p. 231

SALTER, Captain, p. 50

Salt soil, p. 174. 227. 293 --salt desert, p. 179. 183, 184

_Savock Bolagh_, ancient _Shererivan_, p. 296

_Sagim_, village near _Ispahan_, p. 174

Sculptures at _Shapour_, p. 87-91 --at _Nakshi Rustam_, p. 125-8 --at _Persepolis_, p. 129-36 --near it, p. 137-9 --at _Sultaniéh_, p. 259 --at _Salmas_, p. 299

_Scutari_, p. 362

SEALY, Lieutenant of the _Ternate_, p. 69

_Sefer_, month of, p. 213

SEFFIS, Princes of the house of, p. 153. 155. 157. 162. 165. 168. 175, 177. 230 --works of, p. 227. 233. 254. 271-2. 268

_Seidoun_, village of, p. 142

_Seiks_, p. 50

_Seraub_, effect of the vapour, p. 294

“_Ser-baz_,” one who plays away his head, p. 242

“_Ser-kecheckchee_,” p. 242

_Sertes_, cape, p. 51

_Sewund_, village of, p. 142 --river of, p. 129. 137. 142

SHAH THAMAS, p. 162

_Shah Zadé Freng_, p. 167

_Shahee_, lake of, p. 278. 294-5

_Shapour_, river of, p. 82 --city, p. 84 --visited, p. 85 --sculptures, p. 87-91 --theatre, p. 91 --subterraneous passages, p. 92 --sculptures compared with those near _Persepolis_, p. 126, 127. 139, see p. 201

Shawls of _Kerman_, p. 231 --of _Cashmire_, p. 246

_Shebester_, town of, p. 295

Sheep skins, p. 246

SHEIK ALI KHAN, one of the King’s sons, p. 253

SHEIK NASR, of _Bushire_, history of, p. 16 --mode of summons to his standard, p. 17, 18. 77

_Shem-Iroun_, village of, p. 213 SHERIDAN, Mr. THOMAS HENRY, p. 1, 2. 69

_Sheyahs_ and _Sunnis_, p. 57. 62. 157

_Sheyran_, district of, p. 332

Ship-building, p. 283 --ships on the Caspian, p. 287

_Shiraz_, approach to, p. 97 --entrance, p. 100 --description of, p. 102-7 --departure from, p. 122 --trade of, p. 231

SHIRLEY, Sir ROBERT, note, p. 5

_Shoolgistoun_, village of, p. 152

_Shooster_, city of, p. 221, 222. 231

_Seah Daleh_, village of, p. 257

_Seah Dehan_, village of, p. 257

Silk of _Ghilan_ and _Mazanderan_, p. 231

SIMMONS, Captain, p. 58

Singular exhibition of a negro, p. 112

_Sin Sin_, caravanserai at, p. 179

SKEINE, Captain, p. 52

Sleep, little necessary, p. 353

SMITH, Mr. HANKEY, Resident at _Bushire_, p. 33

Smoking in Persia, _kaleoons_, p. 13 --apparatus, p. 70 --ceremonies, p. 286

_Smyrna_, p. 366

Soap wort, p. 183

“_Sofra_,” p. 74

SOLEIMAN, the Caleph, p. 145 --the Shah of Persia, p. 230

SOLOMON, p. 149

SONNINI, on the _Jerboa_, p. 65-7

Soundings in the Gulph of Persia, p. 9

Sphinxes at _Persepolis_, p. 130. 133. 135

Spoons as a musical instrument, p. 113

Sports of the _Bairam_, p. 41

Springs under the sea, p. 52

Storm at _Bushire_, p. 60 --at _Khona Korréh_, p. 148 --in _Aderbigian_, p. 302 --at _Arz-roum_, p. 326 --near _Caraja_, p. 334. 337 --at _Cherkes_, p. 355

_Success_, frigate, p. 366

Sugar candy, bottles of, broken in honour of the Envoy, p. 84. 97. 124. 143

_Sultaniéh_, ruins and tomb of, p. 257 --new city, p. 259

_Sunnis_, p. 50. 57. 62. 157

Superstitions, of Indian sailors, p. 6 --of Persia, p. 62. 213. 230 --Hafiz, p. 229

_Surat_, pearl market at, p. 53

_Surmek_, p. 149

“_Surujees_,” conductors, p. 357

Swallow, white, at _Bushire_, p. 61

Sweetmeats, p. 13. 72. 171, see p. 208

SMITH, Major L. F., p. 1

T

_Tabriz_, city of, p. 276-9 --marble of, p. 104, 105, 163. 278

_Tahrie_, ruins and sculptures at, p. 51

_Takht-a-Kadjar_ at _Shiraz_, p. 107 --at _Teheran_, p. 226-7

_Takht-a-Jamsheed_, p. 129

_Takht-a-tovos_; throne of the peacock, p. 191

_Takht-e-ravan_, letter, p. 158. 161. 180. 187, 188

TALAMASH, M. singular story of, note, p. 33

Tamarisk trees, p. 76

TAMERLANE, bund of, p. 124 --portrait of, 167

_Tangistoun_, p. 51

_Tasonj_, village of, p. 297

_Tatars_, p. 332. 356

_Teheran_, p. 180-2 --first view, p, 183 --description of, p. 224 --unwholesome, p. 229 --contrasted with _Constantinople_, p. 364

_Tekmis_ p. 231 --qu. _Tehmeh_, p. 245

_Tengui Ali Acbar_, near _Shiraz_, p. 106. 122 --near _Sultaniéh_, p. 257

_Tengui Turkoun_, mountain pass, p. 84

Tents, comforts of, p. 302

Terraced roofs at _Arz-roum_, p. 321

_Thaubet_, the, Governor of a town, p. 235

Theatre, remains of, at _Shapour_, p. 91

Theft, punishment of, in Persia, p. 204

Throne of the King of Persia, marble, p. 188 --of the peacock, p. 191

_Tigris_, source of the, p. 325

Timber, mode of felling, p. 339. 359

TIMUR BEG, history of, p. 313

Tobacco, monopoly of, p. 19

_Tocat_, p. 344

_Tomaun_, nearly equal to a pound sterling, p. 21

Tomb of the son of KERIM KHAN, p. 103 --of HAFIZ, at _Shiraz_, p. 104 --tombs at _Nakshi Rustam_, p. 125. 128 --at _Persepolis_, p. 132 --at _Mesjed Madré Suleiman_, p. 144 --tomb of CYRUS? p. 145 --of SHAH REZA, near _Komeshah_, p. 156 --tomb near _Kohrood_, p. 177 --of IMAUM REZA, p. 180. 256 --of his sister, p. 180 --of his son, p. 249 --of a wife of IMAUM HOSSEIN, p. 233 --of SULTAN MAHOMED KHODABENDEH, at _Sultaniéh_, p. 257 --of SHEMSÉ, near _Khoi_, p. 300 --ancient tombs at _Moss_, p. 329 --at _Cherkes_, p. 355 --at _Boli_, p. 357

_Tombs_, the, islands, p. 6. 43

_Tosia_, p. 353

_Tourchiz_, capture of, p. 265

_Tozzan Irmak_, river, p. 343. 345

Trade of Persia, see p. 237. 239

Travelling, rate of, p. 181 --mode of, p. 292-3

Treasures of the King of Persia, p. 238. 265

Treaties signed, p. 201-3 --former treaty of Persia with France, p. 216

_Trebisonde_, p. 322. 332

Tribes of Persia, p. 240

Tribute of Persia, p. 236-8. 240

Tumbling, p. 112

Tumuli, or _Tapé_, p. 251

_Turcomans_, p. 77. 288-90

_Turcomen Cheyee_, village of, p. 270

_Turkhal_, p. 345

Turkish soldiery, (see _Delhis Bayrack_), p. 358 --navy, p. 364 --entertainment, p. 323

Turks and Persians, p. 362-6

_Turpah Caléh_, siege of, p. 312 --reception at the castle of, p. 313-4

V

_Van_, city and lake of, p. 296. 303

_Verdistan_, cape, p. 9. 43 --shoal of, p. 53

VINCENT, Dr. p. 3. 52

Vines in Persia, p. 251. 253 --mode of cultivation at _Tabriz_, p. 277

_Vishna_, sour cherry, p. 338

Visit, Persian, p. 13. 39-40. 72

Volcanoes, near _Saidabad_, p. 273 --near _Tabriz_, p. 277 --volcanic matter, p. 305

W

_Wahabees_, p. 52. 222. 372

“_Waky_,” landed property in Persia, p. 237

_Waltz_, p. 365

Water of _Bushire_, p. 60 --of _Teheran_, p. 229

Water-cresses, p. 227

Water-mill, ancient custom attached to, p. 240

Weather at _Bushire_, p. 61 --at _Teheran_, p. 230 --at _Arz-roum_, p. 326

Well, p. 175 --marvellous at _Kashan_, p. 178

Wheeled carriages, p. 300

Wigs of the ancient Persians, p. 89

WILLOCK, Cornet HENRY, now Lieutenant Commander of the Body Guard, p. 1, 2. 37. 69. 118. 187

Wind chimnies at _Bushire_, p. 57

Wine in Persia, p. 166

Wolves, p. 359

Women of _Bushire_, p. 61 --of _Diadine_, p. 310 --generally, of Persia, p. 368-70 --education of, p. 369 --beauty, p. 368

Wood, scarcity of, (in the Gulph), p. 147 --at _Ispahan_, p. 160 --in _Aderbigian_, 272 --near _Arz-roum_, p. 326 --abundance of, in Asia Minor, p. 334, &c. p. 359 --compare, p. 354

Wrestlers; at _Shiraz_, p. 119 --at _Teheran_, p. 209

Y

“_Yakné_,” Irish stew, p. 324

“_Yaourt_,” curdled milk, p. 252

“_Yeduk_,” a led horse, p. 38

_Yezd_, marble of, p. 188 --shawls and stuffs of, p. 208

_Yezd_, Prince of, p. 208

_Yezdickhaust_, p. 152 --town and valley of.

YEZID, the CALIPH, in the celebration of the _Moharrem_, p. 195-6. 216

_Youngali_, village of, p. 311-2

YUSUFF BEG, at _Shiraz_, p. 101 --query ISMAEL BEG, p. 118. 120

Z

_Zaiande-rood_, river of _Ispahan_, p. 160. 168. 174 --overflows, p. 213

ZAIN LABADEEN, Brother of HOSSEIN, p. 196

ZAIN LABADEEN, Chief Secretary and Private Minister to the Prince at _Shiraz_, p. 100. 117. 122

“_Zapté Shah_,” property forfeited to the King, p. 237

ZAUL KHAN, Governor of _Khist_; his history, p. 80

_Zauviéh_, village of, p. 301

Zebra at _Vienna_, p. 193

_Zeira_, village of, p. 82

_Zenana_, p. 166

Zengan, village of, p. 261

Zergoon, plain and town of, p. 124

“Zomboorek,” artillery on camels, p. 108 --at _Teheran_, p. 210

ZOROASTER, works of, p. 234

_Zund_, dynasty of the Royal Family of, p. 150. 243

THE END.

J. G. BARNARD, PRINTER, SKINNER STREET, LONDON.

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Chapter XII. p. 220-3.

[2] The Editor is further responsible for the account of the pirates, and of _Shapour_; and for the notes, except those within inverted commas, which are taken from MSS. of Mr. MORIER.

[3] The _Cadjars_, according to OLIVIER, are a tribe of Turkish origin, who took refuge in Persia under the reign of SHAH ABBAS I. and received there the name of _Cadjars_ or fugitives. See FOSTER, ii. 198. The historians of NADIR SHAH mention (as one of the chiefs of that tribe, in the time of SHAH TAHMAS,) FUTTEH ALI KHAN. OLIVIER states that in 1723 he was nominated to the government of _Mazanderan_; and that, when NADIR SHAH assumed the crown, he resisted his authority, was defeated and killed. In JONES’S NADIR, lib. i. c. xi. there appears a FETHALI KHAN, whose history accords better with the allusion in the text, p. 242. Compare the PHATALI KHAN of BELL, vol. i. and FRASER’S NADIR SHAH, p. 89. His eldest son was MAHOMED HASSAN KHAN, whose pretensions and rise and fall are stated fully by OLIVIER, vol. vi. 13-17-82, and whose history, (under his various names of BABA KHAN, MUMTAZ KHAN, FULTRA ALLA KHAN, &c.) is noticed in FRANKLIN, p. 299. IVES, p. 220. FOSTER, vol. ii. 199. TOOKE’S CATHERINE, ii. 60, SCOTT WARING, &c. &c.

[4] ISMAEL was said by his first patron, ALI MERDAN KHAN BACKTYARI, to be the son of SEYD MOUSTAPHA, by a daughter of SHAH HUSSEIN. OLIVIER, vi. 21. He was the pageant recognised by three several competitors; he was first proclaimed King by ALI MERDAN, again in 1756, by KERIM; and a third time, in the same year, by MAHOMED HASSAN, who, like his immediate rivals, and like NADIR, still in his first successes professed himself to be the slave of the rightful monarch.

[5] “He made no scruple of avowing that in his youth he pursued the occupation of a robber; and that his fore teeth had been demolished by the kick of an ass which _he_ had stolen and was carrying off.” FOSTER’S Travels, vol. ii. p. 241.

[6] The treaty forms the Appendix to General MALCOLM’S Political History of India, p. 533-549.

[7] The _Malana_ of VINCENT’S NEARCHUS, p. 197. HORSEBURGH notices it very slightly, “in coasting to the westward from _Hinglah_, another point called _Muran_ is discerned.” p. 231. “Directions, &c.”

[8] The log of the Nereide, Sept. 26th, seems to refer to it, as “the above island.”

[9] In 1581, the Portuguese (according to their historian FARIA y SOUSA) after having surprised and burnt “the beautiful and rich city _Pesani_,” destroyed “_Guadel_, not inferior.” _Asia Portuguesa_, vol. ii. 373. They appear to have had afterwards a settlement there themselves; vol. iii. p. 416; which before 1613 had probably been resumed from its European possessors, for HERBERT in passing it, observes, “beware by Sir ROBERT SHERLYE’S example of Cape _Guader_ *** an infamous port and inhabited by a perfidious people. Under pretext of amity they allured SHERLYE and his lady ashoare, A. 1613; where but for a Hodgee that understood their drift and honestly revealed it, they had been murdered with NEWPORT their captaine; and merely to play the theeves with them.” Herbert’s Travels, p. 113. Ed. 1638.

[10] JACKSON mentions in 1797 one of his ships, which carried upwards of a thousand men.--Journey, p. 8.

[11] Probably the ruins of Reshire.

[12] NIEBUHR, who allots a separate chapter to these Arab powers (“etats independans aux environs du Golfe Persique”) attracts our attention to their fate principally by the remark, “En un mot, le gouvernement et les mœurs de ces Arabes ressemblent beaucoup a ceux des anciens Grecs.” But he adds, “mais ils manquent d’historiens pour decrire leurs guerres et pour celebrer leurs héros: voila pourquoi ils ne sont pas connus hors de leur pays.” Description de l’Arabie, p. 270.

[13] The event is related by OLIVIER. Voyage, tom. vi. p. 215.

[14] Extract from a translation of the History of the ZUND Family, from the death of KERIM KHAN to the accession of AGA MAHOMED KHAN KADJAR by ALI REZA IBN ABDUL KERIM of _Shiraz_.

[15] “Consisting of the Arab tribes of _Dumoag_, _Beenee Hajir_, _Hyat Daaod_, and others.”

[16] HANWAY limits the functions; “the officer who makes seizures,” vol. ii. p. 372: see also ABDUL KURREEM, p. 14. Both authorities connect rank and importance to the situation. In the East, indeed, the duties even of an executioner appear to have been held in very different estimation from that which is attached to them in Europe. “Les Bourreaux en Georgie,” says TOURNEFORT, “sont fort riches, et les gens de qualité y exercent cette charge; bien loin qu’elle soit reputée infame, comme dans tout le reste du monde, c’est un titre glorieux en ce pays-là pour les familles. On s’y vante d’avoir eû plusieurs bourreaux parmi ses ancestres, et ils se fondent sur le principe qu’il n’y a rien de si beau que d’executer la justice, sans laquelle on ne sçauroit vivre en seûreté. Voilá une maxime bien digne des Georgiens.” Tom. II. 311. “ARIOCH, the Captain of the King’s Guard,” (of _Babylon_, DAN. II. 14.) is yet stiled by the _Chaldee_ in the margin, “Chief of the Executioners or Slaughter-men.”

[17] “_Jooyum_ is the district where the Tobacco grows, and it is understood that the trade there is managed by its proprietor dextrously and profitably.”

[18] “The _Sheik_, indeed, had given cause of complaint to Brigadier-General MALCOLM before the arrival of His Majesty’s Mission.”

[19] “He was originally a _Moonshee_, who got his bread by transcribing books and writing letters for money. He taught Sir HARFORD JONES, when a young man at _Bussora_, to read and write Arabic and Persian. He afterwards became a merchant, selling small articles in the _Bazar_ at _Bushire_, and being fortunate in his early trade, extended his speculations still more largely and successfully: till, when an embassy to _Calcutta_ was projected by the King of Persia, he was enabled to appear (according to the report of his countrymen) as the highest bidder for the office, and was consequently invested with it. Having enriched himself enormously by his mission, he has yet never failed to complain before the King, of the evil stars which, by leading him to accept such a situation, had reduced him to beggary.”

[20] When AMURATH I. instituted the _Janizaries_, a celebrated Dervish pronounced this blessing over the new corps: “Let them be called Janizaries (_Yengi Cheris_, or new soldiers) may their countenance be ever bright! their hand victorious! their sword keen! may their spears always hang over the heads of their enemies! and wheresoever they go, may they return with a _white face_.” GIBBON’S note illustrates the text by the Roman phrase, Hic _niger_ est, hunc tu, Romane, caveto. Vol. VI. p. 320, 4to.

[21] “A circumstance, connected with the more permanent superstitions of Persia, occurred during the first part of our stay at _Bushire_, which may be worth mentioning. A _Derveish_ settled himself for many days at the door of the Assistant Resident’s house, and did not quit it till he had extorted from the Envoy a donation of ten rupees. These men wander about from place to place; and, as their demands are sanctioned by long usage, they levy wherever they go, their established dues.[*] Mr. BRUCE told me, that on his first arrival in the country, a _Derveish_ came to him and asked the sum of ten piastres; he was refused, but he persisted that he would not depart till he should receive it. He accordingly stationed himself at the door, and commenced his conjuring, crying ‘_Hag, Hag, Hag_,’ unceasingly for days and nights, till he had worked himself up into a frenzy, in which his cries became quite horrible. To get rid of such a nuisance, Mr. BRUCE was glad at last to pay the price which his tormentor originally charged. Mr. MANESTY, the East India Company’s Resident at _Bussorah_, was attacked more formidably, and defended himself with more perseverance, but without better success. A _Derveish_ demanded a hundred piastres, and being of course refused, settled himself at the door, and remained there two years, when Mr. MANESTY was at last forced to yield, and paid the full sum required.

[*LORD TEIGNMOUTH, in an interesting Paper in the Asiat. Res. IV. p. 334-5, mentions a similar custom (“_sitting Dherna_”) in a different religion. “Brahmins even in _Calcutta_ have been known to obtain charity or subsistence from the Hindus, by posting themselves before the door of their houses, under a declaration to remain there until their solicitations were granted.” The religious mendicants of India have sometimes assembled in a body of 5000 men.]

“From Mr. BRUCE also I learned the following more curious tale. Mr. HANKEY SMITH since he has been the Resident at _Bushire_, was told that a _Derveish_ wished to see him: but believing that he was one of those, who make these tours of licensed pillage through the country, he desired that the man might be sent away with the customary and unavoidable donation of a few piastres. He was informed however, that his visitor was no common _Derveish_; that he was in fact the _Peish-namaz_ (the Chief Priest) of _Bushire_, and a man of corresponding reputation among his people. The stranger was accordingly admitted and received with every civility. In a second visit he asked so many questions about _Calcutta_, Mr. HASTINGS, and his trial, and other subjects which were equally new in the conversation of a _Derveish_, that the Resident candidly told him, that he believed him to be no Mussulman. The conjecture was well-founded: the _Peish-Namaz_ immediately acknowledged that he was a Frenchman of the name of TALAMASH; that he had served the English government under Mr. HASTINGS, and having received some disgust, had quitted _Calcutta_; and since that time had done nothing but travel. He had been all over India, thence to Cashmire, and had resided a long time at _Cabul_ in the court of ZEMAUN SHAH; and had traversed the greater part of Persia, in every place imposing himself upon the people as the devoutest of the true believers. He was a very intelligent man, and had particularly made himself master of all the secrets of the _Affghan_ politics, and had acquired a possession of the languages so complete and correct, that the finest native ear could detect no foreign accent. Probably no European ever saw so much of Asia, or saw it to such advantage. From _Bushire_ he went to _Bahrein_, where also he was made the _Peish-Namaz_. From _Bahrein_ he proceeded to _Surat_; where his varied and accurate knowledge of the manners, customs, and languages of all the different nations and classes in the mixed population of that city, divided, according to Mr. BRUCE, the opinions of the people; and made the Arabs claim him as an original Arab; the Persians, as a Persian; and the Mussulmans of Hindoostan as equally their own. From this place M. TALAMASH addressed the English government of India, and conveyed to them more particularly his knowledge of the views of the _Affghan_ court: but his communications did not receive the attention which he expected, and being left without the hope of employment again in India, he repaired to the _Mauritius_. There he associated with a band of adventurers like himself, fitted out a small vessel as a privateer, and went into the Red Sea. But here he fell in with the _Leopard_, Admiral BLANKET; and thinking her an Indian ship, made an attempt to board her, and was of course taken. He was then sent to Bombay, and thence got once more to the _Mauritius_, from which time nothing more has been heard of him.

“This is a very rare instance of the successful assumption by an European of an Eastern character. I have known, in Turkey, several renegado Englishmen, who could never sufficiently disguise themselves to be taken for original Mussulmans.”

It must be understood, however, that TALAMASH is believed to have been born at _Constantinople_, of a French father indeed, yet from his earliest youth to have been unfettered by a conformity to European usages.

[22] See the note on their destruction, at the end.

[23] “This account is from the mouth of a Persian; it may therefore not be uninteresting to contrast it with the statement in the log-book of the _Nereide_.

“H. M. S. _Nereide_, Thursday, 21 Oct. 1808.

“At 9. A. M. saw two dows standing towards us under Arabian colours. 10.30. saw a strange sail S. S. E. Employed working up junk, &c. Noon: the above vessel past us, which proved to be the Honourable Company’s schooner _Sylph_. P. M. moderate breezes and fine. 1.30. observed the dows haul-up and board the schooner; in studding sails, and haul’d our wind in chase of them: by this time they had the schooner in tow. Tacked occasionally to close. At 4. got within gun-shot and commenced firing. 4.30. observed the schooner’s tow-rope gone, supposed by our shot; still keeping a constant fire on the dows. 5.30. shot away one of the dow’s yards. At 6. ditto, firing whenever the guns would bear: observed the schooner make signals of distress, and fire guns. The crew immediately deserted the dow when the yard was shot away, and went on board the other; continuing firing within musket shot round grape and musketry; hailed her repeatedly, but received no answer. At 8. ceased firing; the dows apparently sinking: made sail for the schooner: at 9. hove-to, and sent a boat for the commander of the schooner; he being severely wounded, gave Lieutenant C---- charge of the schooner, but returned with a seapoy severely wounded.”

[24] See Plate VI.

[25] See Plate VII. in which they are incidentally introduced.

[26] That the same custom prevailed anciently in the East may be inferred from ST. MATTHEW xxii, 2-4. ST. LUKE xiv. 16. 17.

[27] In the Journal this is the first notice of the _Istakball_, which so frequently recurs in the future progress of the mission, as an honorary assemblage called forth to receive a distinguished traveller, and to conduct him in his passage.

[28] “I have frequently amused myself in feeling their skulls, to ascertain if they are as soft now as when HERODOTUS described them; but I never yet found one that was not hard and impenetrable.”

[29] See the notes at the end.

[30] Plate IX. which marks the situation of some of the sculptures.

[31] See the Fragments. The horse, the chariot, and the cavalry. Plate XII.

[32] “From the groves of orange trees at _Kauzeroon_, the bees cull a celebrated honey.”

[33] Niebuhr calls it Tchinar Raddar; he encamped there. Tom. II. p. 91.

[34] The _Bend-emir_ or _Araxes_ is said to fall into the large lake of _Baktegian_, near _Darabgherd_. R.

[35]

---- the rest entire, Shone with a glossy scurf, undoubted sign, That in his womb was hid metallic ore The work of sulphur.

PAR. LOST. I. 670.

[36] Of this view, a part is selected in plate XXII.

[37] “At _Kashan_, according to the second Minister of the kingdom, who seemed devoutly to credit his own story, is a well, which _we_ did not see. There is a descent of six months to the bottom, and in the different stages of the journey the traveller comes to plains and rivers. Some have gone down and never appeared again. These are tales which to a Persian are not incredible, though they will not believe that the streets of London are lighted, or that there are in Europe houses seven stories high.”

[38] Richardson’s Dissertation, 8vo. p. 184.

[39] It appears to be the Earless Marmot of PENNANT, p. 135; the Arctomys of LINNÆUS, p. 145.

[40] In GRANT’S fine and characteristic sketch of the conquests of NADIR, he is led to

----“Media’s vales, Where Health on _Tabriz_ breathes with all her gales.”

_Restoration of Learning in the East_, 1805, p. 87.

The same derivation of the name from the qualities of the situation is given by Sir WILLIAM JONES--“_Tab_ signifies a _fever_, and _riz_ is the participle of _rêkhten_ to _disperse_. There was an ancient city which stood nearly in the same place, and is called Ταβρὶς by PTOLEMY.”--_Description of Asia subjoined to the “Histoire de Nader Chah:” Works_, Vol. V. p. 570.

[41] “The sea of _Kulzum_,” is more appropriated by the generality of Eastern authors to the Arabian Gulph, to which, indeed, it is said to be attached, from the place of the same name on the shores; yet it is applied to the Caspian in a Persian map copied in the Oriental Collections, Vol. III. p. 76: and KHOJEH ABDULKURREEM, while he states that “the proper sea of _Kulzum_ is in the Turkish empire,” admits that “the people of _Ashreff_” affix the name to the Caspian, p. 94. London Edit. 1793: and in a note to ABULGHAZI KHAN’S History of the Tartars, the French Editor mentions it as the general designation among the Persians. p. 645.

[42] See before p. 317. The same name seems to be applied to the sources of the _Euphrates_ and of the _Araxes_; which both rise on opposite directions from the same mountains.

[43] It is the ancient _Lycus_.

[44] The Turks in their way have retained so many ancient names, that _Neocæsarea_ may be easily recognised under the name of _Niksar_.--D’ANVILLE, Geogr. Anc. tom. ii. p. 34. It is interesting as the city and bishoprick of ST. GREGORY THAUMATURGUS; who found there but seventeen Christians, and left there but seventeen Pagans. He resolved to build a church in his city:--“Ce qui n’estoit pas extraordinaire en ce temps la, et on avoit toute liberté d’en bastir sous Philippe, qui commença a regner en 241. _Mais celle ci est la premiere dont l’histoire nous donne une connaissance certaine et expresse._”--TILLEMONT, Memoires Eccles: de VI. Premiers Siecles. Vol. III. p. 329-30.

[45] This is possibly a part of the celebrated _Comana Pontica_, which is placed upon the _Iris_, the modern _Tozzan Irmak_.--See D’ANVILLE’S Geogr. Ancienne 1768. tom. ii. p. 38.

The Christians of the country pointed out to TAVERNIER some excavations in this district, as the retreats of ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM. Tom. i. p. 13.

[46] St. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM--possibly in his last exile and wanderings, A. D. 404-7. See MILNER’S “History of the Church of CHRIST.” Vol. II. p. 291-3.

[47] “_Chorbah_, soup; _Dolmah_, meat-balls, in vine leaves.”

[48] It was made by the celebrated _Kuprigli_, the Grand Vizier. See TAVERNIER, Tom. I. p. 7.

[49] It is called the _Agatch Degnis_, or “Sea of Trees.” See its extent in OTTER. Tom. II.

[50] The ancient _Nicomedia_.

[51] SIR WILLIAM OUSELEY’S EBN HAUKAL, p. 12. p. 95.

[52] STEVENS’S FARIA Y SOUSA, vol. iii. p. 30, &c.

[53] BRUCE’S Annals of the East India Company, vol. iii. p. 198.

[54] BRUCE, iii. 649. 169. In 1715 the _Muscat_ fleet consisted of one ship of seventy-four guns, two of sixty, one of fifty, and eighteen from thirty-two to twelve guns; besides smaller, &c. Captain HAMILTON, East Indies, i. p. 76. Modern Universal History vi. 46.

[55] The first mention of the _Wahabees_, is in NIEBUHR, Description de l’Arabie, p. 17, p. 296-302: and GIBBON first noticed the singular co-incidence, that they sprung from the same province, _Nedsjed_, in which MOSEILAMA the great contemporary adversary of MAHOMED, had propagated his faith, vol. v. p. 277. It may be added, that the _Carmathians_, who triumphed over the _Mahomedans_, like the _Wahabees_ of the present day, and like them took _Mecca_, (and plundered it indeed much more effectually than their successors are said to have done) in the same manner took possession first of the provinces on the Persian Gulph. See GIBBON, v. 449. SALE’S Koran, p. 184. D’OHSSON, Tableau de l’Empire Ottoman, tom. i. p. 105.

[56] It is not clear that _Egmaun_ is rightly placed in the text, p. 44. Our late expedition has furnished us with a knowledge of the Persian Gulph, which will rectify many important errors. The coast from _Khor Hassan_ is said to have been laid down forty-eight miles too much to the south.

[57] FARIA Y SOUSA, _Asia Portuguesa_, by STEVENS, vol. i. p. 135.

[58] See RENAUDOT’S “Anciens Relations.”

[59] BRUCE’S Annals of the East India Company, vol. iii. p. 649.

[60] EBN HAUKAL, p. 82.

[61] EBN HAUKAL, p. 89. The _Sabûra_ of GOLIUS AD ALFRAGANIUM, quoted by VINCENT; _Nearchus_, 2d edition, p. 329.

[62] STRABO, lib. xv. p. 708. In DE SACY, “Memoires sur diverses Antiquités de la Perse,” 1793, p. 34.

[63] Anct. Univ. Hist. xi. 66. ARTAXERXES demanded from the Romans the cession of all the provinces which CYRUS had possessed; but SAPOR II. his descendant and successor, advanced still higher pretensions, and claimed all the country to the river _Strymon_, in Macedonia, the original boundary of DARIUS HYSTASPES.

[64] Compare however the division of EBN HAUKAL, p. 82.

[65] NIEBUHR says otherwise, tom. ii. p. 166; but Sir HARFORD JONES, who had better opportunities of ascertaining the fact, asserts it. VINCENT, p. 329, p. 485.

[66] EBN HAUKAL, p. 85.

[67] EBN HAUKAL, p. 95.

[68] _Fasa._ See the text, p. 233. PIETRO DELLA VALLE, tom. iii. 333.

[69] _Darabgherd._ See EBN HAUKAL, p. 94, p. 133-4. PIETRO DELLA VALLE, tom. iii. 336, 571. TAVERNIER, i. 395.

[70] _Jawr_ or _Firuzabad_. See the text, p. 234. EBN HAUKAL, p. 101. See OTTER, i. 191. SCOTT WARING was there, p. 106, but passed it with a very slight notice.

[71] CHARDIN, ii. p. 167. LE BRUN was at _Persepolis_ for three months; but he seems to have confined himself principally to the ruins of the palace.

[72] EBN HAUKAL, p. 90, p. 95.

[73] 86° 55´ long. 30° lat. Vol. iii. p. 53.

[74] “_Sehabur_,” in a map of Persia in BUNO’S _Cluverius_, 1672, p. 547.

[75] EBN HAUKAL, p. 101.

[76] DE SACY, p. 238-9.

[77] Ancient Universal History, xi. 159.

[78] MIRKHOND in DE SACY, p. 289. See the Ancient Univ. Hist. p. 151. vol. xi.

[79] The figures are the same, not in detail, but in general circumstance. Both are engraved in this volume, plates x. xx. See the explanation of the inscription taken from NIEBUHR, tom. ii. pl. xxvii. DE SACY, p. 31, &c. see also p. 69.

[80] DE SACY indeed, in the suite to his “Memoire sur les Medailles des Sassanides,” p. 203-10, assigns all the medals on Plate VI. to SAPOR II. and those on Plate VIII. to SAPOR III. but the resemblance is so strong, (particularly in No. 3. of Plate VI.) between the figure on the coin, and that in the sculpture No. X. that the identity can hardly be doubted; and that the figure in the sculpture is SAPOR I. may be inferred from the inscription at _Nakshi Rustum_, as well as from the general history.

[81] “Si l’on compare tous ces bas-reliefs, on sera porté a conjecturer qu’ils ne doivent avoir tous qu’un même objet.” DE SACY, p. 66; see p. 69.

[82] GIBBON, i. 326, 4to.

[83] A fac-simile at _Nakshi Rustam_, p. 125-6, of that subject already noticed at _Shapour_.

[84] P. 30, &c.

[85] DE SACY, p. 167. Ancient Universal History, xi. p. 146.

[86] GIBBON, vol. v. p. 654. Modern Univ. Hist. iv. p. 79.

[87] P. 32. See the Ancient Universal History, vol. xi.

[88] History of Persia: Works, vol. v. p. 600.

[89] DE SACY, p. 32-3.

[90] VAILLANT, pref. p. vii. 389.

[91] MIRKHOND in DE SACY, p. 275. Ancient Universal History, xi. 146.

[92] DE SACY, p. 30, &c. υαυιος θεου παπακου βασιλεως. See MOSES of CHORONÆ, quoted in DE SACY, p. 168.

[93] NIEBUHR, ii. p. 83.

[94] PETIT DE LA CROIX, p. 37.

[95] Institutes, p. 25, 27.

[96] FRAZER’S Life, p. 81. of ARTAXERXES, see GIBBON, vol. i. p. 201, 4to.

[97] VAILLANT.

[98] DE SACY, Memoire sur les Medailles des Sassanides, p. 166.

[99] In GIBBON, vol. i. p. 238.

[100] LUCRETIUS, lib. v. These references are taken from BRISSONIUS, “De Regio Persarum Apparatu.” Edit. Lederlini, 1710.

[101] BRISSONIUS, p.732.

[102] LUCIAN, in BRISSONIUS.

[103] STRABO, lib. xv.

[104] JUVENAL, Sat. vi.

[105] SUETONIUS, in BRISSONIUS, p. 82.

[106] BRUCE, vol. iii. p. 267, 276.

[107] NIEBUHR, tom. ii. p. 98-134. _Persepolis_ and _Nakshi Rustam_, &c.

[108] DE SACY, p. 67.

[109] VAILLANT, “Arsacidarum Imperium,” p. 364, p. 366.

[110] PALLAS, “Peculiaris dea Macedonum Pallas,” p. 8. to ARSACES I. again, p. 16.

[111] _Victoriola_ to ARTABANUS I. p. 31.

[112] To ARTAXERXES, p. 391, to SAPOR, p. 394.

[113] Vol. i. p. 331, 4to.

[114] MILNER’S History of the Church of Christ, vol. i. p. 427. p. 445. p. 478-9. VALERIAN was destroyed by the treachery of MACRIANUS, (GIBBON