Part 22

+Jidda+, Red Sea (21° 30´ N., 39° 10´ E., Map I), 78

+Jordanus, Friar+, quoted, 98

+Jorge+, _see_ +São Jorge+.

_Jornal das Viagens_, 145, 146

+Juromenho, Visconde+, 159

+Justice+, administration of, at Calecut, 135

+Kilwa+, _see_ +Quiloa+.

+Kioni+, Quioniete (30° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

+Kirk, Sir John+, quoted, xxxvi, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 90

+Kohl, Dr.+, 205

+Kopke, Diogo+, quoted, xxii, xxiv, xxxii, 4, 5, 6, 13, 19, 24, 26, 32, 33, 38, 78, 97, 98, 99, 101, 120, 194

+Krishna+ and +Devaki+, 53

+Lac+, 98, 101, 102, 104, 213

+Laccadivas+ (10° N., 73° E, Map I), 134, 198

+Lambel+, striped cloth, 11

+Lamu+ (2° 15´ S., 40° 20´ E., Map III), 219

+Lançarote+ (29° N., 14° W.); pass to lee of it, 2

+Larks+, 6

+Latitudes+ on early maps, 213; observed by Colon, xix

_Laurie’s Sailing Directory_, 190

+League.+ The Portuguese (Castilian) legoa of 7,500 varas was equal to 6,269 meters, or 20,568 feet, and 17.72 of these legoas were consequently equal to one mean degree of a meridian. The Portuguese pilots generally assumed 17½ of these legoas to be equal to 1°; and had they known the real size of the earth the league would have been 6,350 m., an error of only 1.27 per cent. in the estimate of the size of the earth as determined by observation for latitude taken at sea.

There can hardly be a doubt that the Italian mile was the same as the old Roman mile, and had a length of 1,480 m. Consequently, 4.236 of these miles were equal to a legoa, and when Sernigi (see p. 124) reckons 4¼ of these miles to a legoa he is very near the truth. On the Cantino chart 75 Italian miles are = 1° = 17.5 Portuguese legoas, and if we accept this estimate the legoa would be = 4.29 Italian miles. The Portuguese pilots at the Conference of Badajoz (1525), maintained, however, that 1 legoa = 4 Italian miles. As to Prof. Wagner’s “Portulano mile” (_Report of Sixth International Geographical Congress_, p. 698) of only 1,265 m., its shortness is obviously due to the very common over-estimate of distances, even when there is no mileage charge as in the case of London cabmen.

+Leal, J. da Silva Mendes+, quoted, 95

+Leiria+ (39° 42´ N., 8° 50´ W.), 159

+Lelewel, Joachim+, 211

+Leguat, F.+, quoted, 6

+Lemos, Gaspar de+, 205

+Leonardo+ of Camões, 178

+Linen cloth+, 18

+Lindsay, W. S.+, 159, 161

+Lingams+, 83

+Linschoten’s+ _Itinerarium_, 203

+Loadstone+ islands, 129

+Lopes, Thomé+, 191

+Lourenço, Fernão+, 159

+Machado, Barbosa+, xxv

+Machado, João+, a convict, 178

+Mafia+, island (70° 50´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 33

+Magadoxo+ (2° 20´ N., 45° 25´ E.), 88, 200, 219

+Magelhães, Fernão de+, xv

+Magnetic Variation+, 168

+Malabar+, casts, 49

+Malacca+, Malagua (2° 10´ N., 102° 10´ E., Map I), 77, 100, 220, 213 F.

+Malayalam+, vocabulary, 105

+Malema Cana+, or +Canaqua+, pilot, 46, 181

+Malindi+, Melinde (3° 12´ S., 40° 10´ E., Map III), 40, 89, 125, 146

+Malmsey+, wine, 131

+Manicongo+ (Congo), 17

+Manso, Paiva+, quoted, 167

+Manuel, King+, his letters on Vasco da Gama’s first voyage, 111, 230; quoted, 96, 173, 233; rewards to Gama, 225

+Maps+, early, 203

+Marcel, Gabriel+, xxxvi

+Marcos, Lucas+, an Abyssinian priest, 24, 167

+Maria+, _see_ +Santa Maria+.

+Mariz+, _Dialogues_, xiv

+Markham, Sir Clements R.+, quoted, xxxvi, 120, 165, 206, 208

+Markham, Admiral Albert H.+, xxxvi

+Marlota+, a Moorish jacket or jerkin, 25

+Matikal+, a gold coin, value at Moçambique about 12_s._; see p. 25

+Martins, Fernão+, at Moçambique, 23; at Calecut, xxix, 50, 57, 62, 176

+Martinz, Fernão+, Royal Chaplain, xvi

+McCrindle, J. W.+, quoted, 26

+Masser, Leonardi da Chá+, 180, 227, 233

+Mecca+ (21° 20´ N., 45° E., Map I), 47, 87, 113, 125, 130

+Melequa+, _see_ +Malacca+.

+Melinde+, _see_ +Malindi+.

+Melons+, 57

+Mendes, A. Lopes+, quoted, 80

+Mendoso, J. de Escalante de+, quoted, 174

+Mendonça, H. Lopez de+, 158, 161, 162

+Mercy+, river of, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, 19, 146, 173

+Mexia, Sancho+, at St. Helena Bay, 6, 177

+Millet+, 17

+Misericordia, Rio da+, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, 19, 169, 173

+Mitkal+ (matikal), gold coin, 25

+Moçambique+ (15° S., 40° 45´ E., Map III); arrival, 22, 146, 151, 197; trade, 23, 69; a conflict on return voyage, 92, 201

+Moçambique+ current, 197

+Modobar+, Meduar on Lingga (2° 30´ N., 102° E., Map VII), 213, 220 E.

+“Mohit”+, quoted, 26, 208

+Moll, A.+, map of Africa, 190

+Moluccas+, 77

+Mombaça+ (4° 5´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III); arrival, 34; return, 91

+Monçaide+, a Moor, 48, 50, 72, 75, 79, 112, 115, 180

+Monte formosa+, Cotta Point (11° 30´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), 199

+Money+, _see_ +Cruzado+, Real, Reis, matikals, fanão, xerafin

+Monsoons+, 136, 198, 200

+Montemór o novo+ (38° 40´ N., 8° 15´ W.), 185

+Moor, E.+, quoted, 53

+Moorish+ merchants at Calecut, 61, 62, 68, 127, 152

+Moplah+, 49

+Morelet, Arthur+, xxxiv

+Moreri+, xxv

+Mori, A.+, 205

+Mourá+, quoted, 25

+Mtwapa+, _see_ +Benapa+.

+Musk+, 100, 104

+Nairs+, at Calecut, 49

+Natal+, its discovery, 16

+Native+ navigation, 134, 139

+Navarrete, D. Martin Fernandez de+, xvii, note 2

+Nicobar Islands+ (7° N., 94° E., Map VII), 214 M., 220

+Nile+, river, 78

+Niza+ (39° 32´ N., 7° 40´ W.), 100 miles N.E. of Lisbon, 235

+Nova, João da+, 178, 190, 206, 210

+Nuguoquioniete+, _see_ +Takaungu+ and +Quioni+.

+Nunes, Antonio+, quoted, 25

+Nunes, Gonçalo+, 175

+Nunes, João+, 48

+Nunez, João+, a convict, 179

+Nunes, Pedro+, 168

+Nutmeg+, 100, 104, 113

+Oliveira, Fernando+, quoted, 162

+Oliveira, João Braz d’+, 162

+Olivença+, Spain (38° 40´ N., 7° 5´ E.), xiii

+Oporto+, in Portugal, xxiii

+Ortelius+, 115, 125

+Ortiz de Vilhegas+, _see_ +Vilhegas+.

+Osorio, D. Jeronymo+, quoted, 6, 26, 194

+Ouro, Rio do+ (west coast of Africa, 23° 50´ N., 16° E., Map I), 2

+Ouro, Rio do+, or Limpopo (25° 20´ S., 33° 30´ E., Map III), 19

+Pacheco Pereira, Duarte+, quoted, 161, 192

+Padrões+, 169; at S. Bráz, 15; of S. Raphael, 21; at Calecut, 74, 75; of S. Maria, 80; S. Jorge, 92

+Padua+, baixos de, (13° N., 72° 20´ E., Map IV), 198

+Paesi novamente retrovati+, 120, 123, 124, 128, 137, 141

+Pagodas+, at Calecut, 53

+Paiva, Afonso de+, 167

+Paiva, Antonio da Costa+, editor of the _Roteiro_, xxii, xxxii

+Paiva, Baron Castello de+, editor of the _Roteiro_, xxxiii

+Palha, João+, 177

+Panane+ (10° 50´ N., 75° 55´ E., Map IV), 50

+“Pandarani”+ (11° 28´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), 48; at anchor there, 50; detention, 63

+Parrots+, 100

+Pate+, town (2° 10´ S., 41° 2´ E.), 88

+Pater, Pedir+ (5° N., 96° 30´ E., Map I), 102

+Pearls+, 23, 138, 213, 214

+Pegu+ (17° 20´ N., 96° 30´ E. Map I), 100

+Pelele+, lip-disk, 20

+Pelican+, a device of King João II, 100

+Pemba+ Island (5° S., 39° 4´ E., Map III), 34

+Penguins+, 92

+Pepper+, 77, 103, 113, 213

+Peragallo+, quoted, 227

+Pereira, Duarte Pacheco+, _see_ +Pacheco+.

+Perestrello, M. de Mesquito+, quoted, 14, 15, 19

+Periplus+ of the Erythrean, 26

+Peurbach, G.+ (born 1423, died 1461), 68

+Peutinger, Conrad+, abstract of Sernigi’s letter, 121, 122, 141

+Pilots+, at Moçambique, 25; Mombaça, 37; Malindi, 45

+Pimentel’s+ _Roteiro_, quoted, 14

+Pinzon, Vicento Yanez+, 205, 206

+Pinto, Mendes+, quoted, 99

+Pirez, Gonçalo+, 177

+Pliny+, quoted, 140

+Polo, Marco+, quoted, xvii, 98, 211

+Porcelain+, 200, 213

+Precious stones+, 130, 140, 213, 214

+Prester John+, 24, 134

+Ptolemaic traditions+, 206, 207, 211, 167

+Ptolemy’s+ Taprobana, 209

+Quafees+, priests, 54

+Quicksilver+, 97

+Qualicut+, _see_ +Calecut+.

+Quiloa, Kilwa+ (9° S., 39° 30´ E., Map III), 32, 46, 233

+Quilon, Coulão+, (8° 52´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

+Quintal+, a weight, equal to 110 Portuguese pounds of 16 oz. each, 103

+Quintella, Admiral Ignacio da Costa+, 208

+Quioni, Kioni+ (3° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

+Quorongoliz, Corongolos+ (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

+Rae, G. Milne+, quoted, 138

+Ramusio+, quoted, 120, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141

+“Raphael”+, _see_ +“São Raphael”+.

+Real+ (plur. _réis_), a Portuguese silver coin. The Cologne marc (229.5 grammes) of a fineness of 11/12ths, was coined into 2,280 réis in 1485, into 2,340 in 1499, 2,500 in 1517, and 2,600 in 1555. _See_ +Cruzado+.

+Red Sea+, 47, 125, 130

+Regiomontanus+ (astronomer, born 1436, died 1575), 168

+Réis+, _see_ +Real+ and +Cruzado+.

+Reis, Rio dos+, Delagoa Bay (26° S., 33° E., Map III), 18, 217

+Resende, Garcia de+, xiv

+Restello+, suburb of Lisbon, 1

+Rezende, Pero Barretto de+, quoted, 94, 143, 149, 150, 157, 161

+Rhubarb+, 102, 104, 213

+Ribeiro’s+ map, 18

+Ribeyro, Leonardo+, 178

+Richthofen, Prof. F. von+ (geographer, born 1833), 132

+Rio de Infante+, _see_ +Infante+.

+Rio dos Bons Signaes+, _see_ +Bons Signaes+.

+Rio do Cobre+, _see_ +Cobre+.

+Rio Grande+, Guinea (11° 20´ N., 15° 30´ W., Map I), 93

+Rivara, Cunha+, quoted, 148, 175

+Rodriguez+ (or Rodrigo), the physician, 167

+Rodriguez, Damião+, 179

+Romish images+, 45, 53, 54

+Rosetta+, Egypt, 7, 8

+Rossamalha+, 144

+Roteiro+, the MS., xxii; the author, xxv; his style, xxviii; Portuguese editions, xxxii; French translations, xxxiv; English translation, xxxv

+Rubies+, 98, 102, 113

+Sá, João de+, xxx, xxxi; 51, 54, 90, 94, 122, 176

+Sal, Ilha do+, Cape Verde (16° 40´ N., 23° W., Map I), 2

+Samori+ or +Samurin+, _see_ +Zamorin+.

+Sandalwood+, 213

+San Roman+, quoted, 173

+Santa Cruz, terra de+, or +Ilha de Cruz+, Brazil, 14, 15, 205

+Santa Helena+, Bay of, 5, 192; (32° 40´ S., 18° E., Map II), 5, 192

+Santa Maria+, Bay of, São Thiago, 3

+Santa Maria+, Ilhas de, India (13° 20´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), 80, 200

+Santarem, Vizconde de+, quoted, 145, 146

+Santiago+, _see_ +São Thiago+.

+Santos, Antonio Ribeiro dos+, quoted, 168

+Santos, João dos+, quoted, 19

+São Braz+, bay, Mossel Bay (34° 10´ S., 22° 10´ E., Map II), 9, 92, 192

+“São Gabriel,”+ flagship, 1, 94, 112, 155, 163; burnt, 146; picture of, 155; description of, 159

+São Jorge+, island (15° 2´ S., 40° 45´ E., Map III), 25, 28, 31, 92, 197

+“São Raphael,”+ Paulo da Gama’s ship, springs a mast, 16; repaired, 20; aground, 33; at Anjediva, 88; injured, 88; burnt, 91

+São Raphael+, shoals (5° 20´ S., 39° 8´ E., Map III) and mountains of, 33, 91, 97, 201; padrão of, 196

+São Thiago de Cacem+ (38° N., 8° 40´ W.), headquarters of the Order of S. Thiago, 10 miles N. E. of Sines, 232, 234

+São Thiago+ (Samtiago), Cape Verde isles (15° N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), 3

+São Thiago+, river of, St. Helena Bay (33° 45´ S., 18° 10´ E., Map III), 5

+Sapphires+, 98, 102

+Schott, Dr. G.+, 187

+Schück, Capt. A.+, 187

+Scientific+ outfit of Vasco da Gama, 166

+Scurvy+, 20, 187, 200

+Seals+, 4, 6, 8, 13, 92

+Seal Island+ (Mossel Bay), 13

+Seed-pearls+, 23, 213

+Sernigi, Girolamo+, his letters, 119-142; quoted, 158, 160, 173

+Setubal, João+, 178

+Sewn boats+, 26

+Sharifs+, 29

+Sheath+, over virile member, 6

+Siam+ (15° N., 110° E., Map I), 99

+Sickness+ at Mombaça, 35 (_see_ +Scurvy+).

+Silk+, 98, 99, 100, 213, 214

+Silva, A. A. Baldaque da+, quoted, xxxvi, 162

+Sinai+, mount, 78, 130

+Sines+ (37° 57´ N., 8° 50´ W.), xiii, 225, 227, 228, 233

+Singapore+, _see_ +Çinguapara+.

+Síwa-blower+, 43

+Sneyd, Mr. Ralph+, 119

+Sofala+, Çoffala, gold mines (20° S., 34° 30´ E., Map III), 212, 233 A.

+Sotilicayos+ (Cape Penguins), 13

+Sousa, João de+, quoted, 44, 79

+Sousa, Francisco de+, 177

+Speechley, Bishop J. W.+, xxxvi, 97, 105

+Spice Islands+, 135

+Spice trade+, 113, 127, 137, 214

+Spruner’s+ _Historical Atlas_, 190

+Stanley of Alderley, Lord+, quoted, xiv, xxxiv, 3, 8, 9, 19, 21, 40, 44, 48, 56, 58, 104, 173, 177, 178, 179, 194

+Storax+, 213

+Strassburg+, Ptolemy, maps of, 211

+Sumatra+ (Çamatarra, 0°, 110° E., Map I), 98, 101, 213, 220

+Takaunga+, Tocanuguo, Toça (3° 40´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

+Tamugata+, Tangata, Mtangata (5° 15´ S., 39° 5´ E., Map III), 33, 93

+Taprobana+ (Ceylon), 115; (identified with Ceylon), 139, 213

+Tausens+, imaginary islands, 205

+Tavira+ (37° 8´ N., 7° 40´ W.), a town in Algarve, 234

+Tebas+ or +Thebas+, imaginary islands, 205, 210

+Tenacar+, Tenasserim (12° 10´ N., 92° E., Map I), 99

+Terceira+, Azores (38° 40´ N., 27° W., Map I), 94

+Terra+, _see_ +Fumos+.

+Terra alta+, Sahara (24° 30´ N., 15° 30´ E., Map I), 2

+Terra da boa gente+ (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), 17, 196

+Thebas+, imaginary islands, 205, 210

+Thiago+, _see_ +São Thiago+.

+Thomar+ (32° 38´ N., 8° 23´ W.), since 1356 principal seat of the Order of Christ, 233

+Timoja+, the “pirate”, 82

+Tîmor+ (10° S., 125° E.), 101

+Tin+, 18, 100, 213

+Toar, Sancho de+, discovers Delagoa Bay, 18; shipwrecked at Mombaça, 38

+Toleta de Martoloia+, 168

+Tomaschek, Dr.+, quoted, 26, 208

+Tonnage+ of vessels, 161

+Toscanelli’s+ letter, xvi

+Touca+, a cap, 20, 23

+Trinidad+ Island (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ E., Map I), 187, 190, 191 (its discovery)

+Trinity+, Order of, 177

+Tristão da Cunha+, Islands (37° 24´ S., 12° 20´ W., Map I), 189, 190, note 2

+Turtle Doves+, 6

+Tuuz+, Tor (28° 15´ N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), 78

+Valle, Pietro della+, quoted, 55

+Vallego, A. Cánovas+, 206

+Variation+ of the compass, 168

+Varthema+, quoted, 99, 102, 139

+Varnhagen+, 158

+Vasconcellos, E. J. Carvalho e+, xxxvi

+Velho, Alvaro+, xxx, xxxi, 178

+Veloso, Fernão+, at St. Helena Bay, 7; muster-roll, 178

+Venice+, 78

+Vespucci, Amerigo+, 120, 179, 206, 211

+Vilhegas, Diogo Ortiz de+, 166, 167

+Vidigueira+ (38° 12´ N., 7° 48´ W.), 236, 237

+Villa de Frades+, village, one mile from Vidigueira, 235, 236

+Villafranca de Xira+, town on the Tejo, twenty miles above Lisbon (38° 58´ N., 9° W.), 227, 234

+Villanova de Milfontes+, coast town, fifteen miles south of Sines (37° 43´ N., 8° 45´ W.), 231, 234

+Villa Viçosa+ (38° 47´ N., 70° 24´ W.), 236

+Vizinho, José+, 167

+Vocabulary+ of Malayalam, 105

+Whales+, 4, 6

+Wieser, F. R. von+, xix

+Wine+ at Calecut, 131, 135

+Wolf, Rudolf+, quoted, 168

+Xarnauz+, Sornau, Siam, 99

+Xerafin+, a coin at Calecut, equal to 12 fanãos in gold, or 7_s._ 5_d._

+Yule, Colonel+, quoted, 47, 98, 99, 130, 131

+Zacut+, the astronomer, 167, 168

+Zambuk+, _see_ +Barca+.

+Zamorin+, title of ruler of Calecut, 61; his letter to Vasco da Gama, 75 (_see_ also +Gama+ and +Dias+).

+Zanzibar+, (6° 10´ S., 30° 10´ E., Map III), 92, 207, 218

+Zavra+, a dhau, 34