CHAPTER XX.

ROOSEVELT.

"I feel that we have a right to appeal not merely to Republicans, but to all good citizens, no matter what may have been their party affiliations in the past, and to ask them, on the strength of the record ... to stand shoulder to shoulder with us, perpetuating the conditions under which we have reached a degree of prosperity never before attained in the Nation's history and under which, abroad, we have put the American Flag on a level which it never before in the history of the country has been placed."

_Theodore Roosevelt_, _to the Notification Committee_, _Sagamore Hill_, _L. I._, _July_, 1900.

Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office as President at Buffalo, New York, on September 14, 1901, and became the twenty-sixth President of the United States, and the third to succeed a martyred Republican President. He was born in New York City, October 27, 1858. He graduated from Harvard and spent some years in traveling; served in the New York Legislature in 1882, 1883 and 1884, and was prominent as a champion of Civil Service Reform. Was Chairman of the New York delegation to the Convention in 1884, and ran for Mayor of New York in 1886, as the Independent candidate, endorsed by the Republicans, but was defeated; was appointed Civil Service Commissioner in May, 1889, by President Harrison, and served till 1895, exhibiting great energy and establishing Civil Service principles in all Executive Departments, acquiring a splendid reputation throughout the country for fearlessness and honesty. He resigned from the Civil Service Commission to accept the appointment of Police Commissioner of New York City in May, 1895, and displayed his usual energy in the suppression of corruption and in the establishment of law and order in New York City. He was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy by President McKinley, and worked with great vigor to place the Navy on a proper footing, and the success of the Navy in the Spanish-American war was due in no small degree to his preliminary work. When the war broke out in April, 1898, he resigned his position in the Navy Department and organized a volunteer cavalry regiment, recruited mainly from the Western plains, the members of which were called the "Rough Riders." They were commanded at first by Col. Leonard Wood, and Mr. Roosevelt was made Lieutenant-Colonel. His previous military experience had been several years' service in the New York National Guard. For his gallant conduct at San Juan Hill and in the Cuban campaign he was commissioned Colonel July 11, 1898, though many of the officers at Washington were opposed to him. He was elected Governor of New York in the Fall of 1898. In all of these positions he devoted himself to his work with energy and enthusiasm amazing to all. His published works on American History rank him as one of the great historians of the country, and his interests in out-door sports and his delightful home life have endeared him to the people as a typical American. The nomination for Vice-President came to him unsought and undesired, but in response to the demands of the people he fell in line promptly. Coming to the Presidential Chair under trying circumstances he immediately displayed the highest ability and tact in taking charge of the administration of the national affairs. The policies of President McKinley were pursued without deviation, and President Roosevelt conducted the domestic and foreign affairs in a way that has marked him as a great statesman, and the country and its new possessions are eminently in a condition of prosperity and satisfaction.

On May 20, 1902, the United States partially redeemed its pledge in regard to Cuba by hauling down its flag at the Government Palace, Havana, after which the flag of the new Republic of Cuba was raised. This pledge fulfilled, the Republican Party rounded it out with the approval of the Cuban Reciprocity Treaty, ratified in the Senate March 19, 1903.

The long continued agitation for the construction of a canal, by the United States, connecting the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, resulted in the Isthmian Canal Act, approved June 28, 1902, in which the President was authorized to acquire the rights of the new Panama Canal Company of France, and if the title proved satisfactory, and a treaty could be obtained from the Republic of Colombia for the necessary territory, the President was authorized to pay the Canal Company $40,000,000 for this property, but if this could not be done within a reasonable time then the Nicaraguan route was to be considered. An Isthmian Canal Commission was created. Attorney General P. C. Knox reported to the President (October 26, 1902) that the title to the canal was valid, and on January 22, 1903, a treaty between the United States and Colombia for the construction of the canal was signed at Washington and was ratified by the United States Senate March 17, 1903, but was rejected by the Colombian Senate September 14, 1903, who suggested the negotiation of a new treaty. But early in November, 1903, Panama declared its independence, and was recognized as a Republic by the United States on November 6th. A new Canal Treaty was signed at Washington by Secretary of State John Hay, representing the United States, and Philippe Bunau-Varilla representing Panama, and the treaty was ratified by the Government of Panama on December 2, 1903, and is now under consideration in the United States Senate. These various events, all justified by the laws of nations, brought Colombia to terms, and late in November, 1903, she offered the United States a free canal concession if the latter would permit the subjugation of Panama, but the matter had gone too far, and it is now probable that the Panama Canal will be built by this Government, acting with the new Republic of Panama.

The legislation and the course of events in the Philippines has been equally satisfactory. On July 1, 1902, Congress provided for the termination of military rule in these islands and the establishment of civil government. William H. Taft, of Ohio, who had been President of the Commission, was appointed Governor, and in that capacity continued the splendid work which had been begun by the Commission. In December, 1903, Governor Taft was appointed Secretary of War by President Roosevelt, taking the place of Elihu Root, resigned, and his successor in the Philippines is Luke E. Wright, of Tennessee. On July 4, 1902, the insurrection in the Philippines against the authority of the United States having ended in all parts of the Islands except in the part inhabited by the Moro Tribes, President Roosevelt issued a Proclamation of pardon and amnesty to all political offenders on their taking the oath of allegiance to the United States.

The great combinations of capital called Trusts, in so far as they concentrate the industries of the country in the hands of a few, stifling competiton and dictating wages and prices, have received the emphatic condemnation of the Republican Party, and President Roosevelt and Attorney General Knox have done their utmost, under the existing laws, to suppress these combinations when unlawful. The Republican Party has done more than any other party to curb the evils of the Trusts, and it is probable that the question can only be adequately handled by an amendment to the United States Constitution giving Congress direct supervision over their organization. The settlement of the coal strike in the United States by President Roosevelt is remembered gratefully, and was to the satisfaction of both sides, and was in keeping with his record of direct and fearless action in emergencies. His administration saw the dedication of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition buildings at St. Louis on April 30, 1903, and on July 4, 1903, the completion of the Pacific Cable, the first message having been sent by the President to Governor Taft. The report of the Alaskan Boundary Commission on October 7, 1903, gave to the United States all points, except one, in dispute. This called attention to the work of the Department of State, but we are too close to the splendid diplomacy of John Hay to fully appreciate its far-reaching effect for the advancement of the interests of this country.

Such is a brief record of recent events that will close this history of the splendid achievements of the Republican Party. The history of the administrations of the eight Republican Presidents, Lincoln, Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, McKinley and Roosevelt, may be read at least with interest by every citizen of the United States, regardless of his party affiliations, and assuredly with pride and satisfaction by those who count themselves as members of the Grand Old Party.

APPENDIX

THE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE.

The Republican National Committee is composed of one member from each State and Territory. The Committee is chosen by the several State delegations at the National Conventions of the party.

The Committee is the national executive head of the Republican Party. It decides the time and place, and issues the calls for the National Conventions. The call states the number of delegates to be chosen for each district, and sometimes prescribes the manner of their selection. The National Committee also selects the temporary officers of the convention, subject to its ratification, and after the nominations have been made takes general charge of the campaign. The Chairmen of the Republican National Committee have been as follows:

1856. Edwin D. Morgan, New York. 1860. Edwin D. Morgan, New York. 1864. Marcus L. Ward, New Jersey. 1868. William Claflin, Massachusetts. 1872. Edwin D. Morgan, New York. 1876. { Zachariah Chandler, Michigan. { J. Donald Cameron, Pennsylvania. 1880. { M. Jewell, Connecticut. { Dwight M. Sabin, Minnesota. 1884. B. F. Jones, Pennsylvania. 1888. M. S. Quay, Pennsylvania. 1892. Thomas H. Carter, Montana. 1896. Marcus A. Hanna, Ohio. 1900. Marcus A. Hanna, Ohio.

THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN LEAGUE.

The National Republican League, an organization of the greatest help to the party in National and State Campaigns, was organized in Chickering Hall, New York City, December 15-17, 1887. It is made up of the active Republican Clubs of the country, which are first organized into a State League, and then joined in the National League. It now has a membership of fully 500,000. The first President of the League was Jas. P. Foster, of New York, who was most active in the founding of the organization. National Conventions of the League have been held as follows: Baltimore, 1889; Nashville, 1890; Cincinnati, 1891; Buffalo, 1892; Louisville, 1893; Denver, 1894; Cleveland, 1895; Milwaukee, 1896; Detroit, 1897; Omaha, 1898; St. Paul, 1900; Chicago, 1902. The Conventions have been held biennially since 1898. The 1904 Convention will be held at Indianapolis. The following have served as Presidents of the National Republican League:

1889-1890. Jas. P. Foster, New York. 1890-1892. John M. Thurston, Nebraska. 1892-1893. John S. Clarkson, Iowa. 1893-1895. W. W. Tracy, Illinois. 1895-1896. E. A. McAlpin, New York. 1896-1897. D. D. Woodmansee, Ohio. 1897-1898. L. J. Crawford, Kentucky. 1898-1900. Wm. Stone, California. 1900-1902. I. N. Hamilton, Illinois. 1902. J. Hampton Moore, Pennsylvania.

REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTIONS.

TIME. PLACE. NOMINEES. June 17-18, 1856. Philadelphia, Pa. { John C. Fremont, Cal. { Wm. L. Dayton, N. J. May 16-18, 1860. Chicago, Ill. { Abraham Lincoln, Ill. { Hannibal Hamlin, Me. June 7-8, 1864. Baltimore, Md. { Abraham Lincoln, Ill. { Andrew Johnson, Tenn. May 20-22, 1868. Chicago, Ill. { Ulysses S. Grant, Ill. { Schuyler Colfax, Ind. June 5-6, 1872. Philadelphia, Pa. { Ulysses S. Grant, Ill. { Henry Wilson, Mass. June 14-16, 1876. Cincinnati, O. { Rutherford B. Hayes, Ohio. { Wm. A. Wheeler, N. Y. June 2-8, 1880. Chicago, Ill. { Jas. A. Garfield, Ohio. { Chester A. Arthur, N. Y. June 3-6, 1884. Chicago, Ill. { James G. Blaine, Me. { John A. Logan, Ill. June 19-25, 1888. Chicago, Ill. { Benj. Harrison, Ind. { Levi P. Morton, N. Y. June 7-11, 1892. Minneapolis, Minn. { Benj. Harrison, Ind. { Whitelaw Reid, N. Y. June 16-18, 1896. St. Louis, Mo. { Wm. McKinley, Ohio. { Garret A. Hobart, N. J. June 19-21, 1900. Philadelphia, Pa. { Wm. McKinley, Ohio. { Theodore Roosevelt, N. Y. June 21, 1904. Chicago, Ill.

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS.

The Constitution requires each State to appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.

The original clause in the Constitution provided that after the electors had been chosen they should elect the President as follows: The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. A list of the votes shall then be sent to the President of the Senate; the person having the greatest number of votes shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; but in the event of no person having a majority, or in case of a tie vote, the House of Representatives shall immediately choose the President. In every case, after the choice of President, the person having the greatest number of votes shall be Vice-President. But, if there should remain two or more having equal votes, then the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.

Under this clause in the original Constitution there were four elections: Washington (two terms), John Adams and Jefferson. The last election (Jefferson) brought on a contest that resulted in the Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution. It will be noticed that the original clause did not require the electors to name the person they voted for as President and the person voted for as Vice-President; they were simply to vote for two persons. On counting the electoral votes as a result of the election of 1800, it was found that Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, and Aaron Burr, of New York, had an equal electoral vote--73. This threw the election into the House, and a bitter contest followed, which resulted in the victory of Jefferson, making Burr Vice-President; and the curious situation was present of an aspirant to the presidency occupying the subordinate position of Vice-President.

To correct this evil, the Twelfth Amendment was proposed, ratified by a sufficient number of States, and went into effect in 1804, and has governed the presidential elections to this day. This amendment provides that the electors, instead of voting for two candidates for President, shall distinctly name in their ballots the person voted for as President and the person voted for as Vice-President. The certificates of the ballots are opened by the President of the Senate in the presence of the Senate and the House. If no person have a majority, then the House chooses the President, each State having one vote. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be Vice-President. But if no person has a majority, then the Senate chooses the Vice-President. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President is eligible to the vice-presidency.

Since the Jefferson-Burr contest there has been but one election by the House of Representatives, that of 1824, when none of the candidates having received a majority of the electoral vote, the House, between Andrew Jackson, John Q. Adams and William H. Crawford, selected John Q. Adams as President. John Q. Adams was a son of John Adams, the second President, and this has been the only time in the history of the nation that father and son have occupied the Presidential chair. There has been but one instance of an election of a Vice-President by the Senate, that of R. M. Johnston, in 1837.

Two methods of choosing the presidential electors preceded the present system. It will be remembered that the Constitution gives the various Legislatures the power of naming the manner in which the electors shall be chosen. Originally, the Legislatures exercised this power themselves; then the district system was tried; that is, each voter cast a ballot for three electors, two for the State at large (representing the Senators) and one for the Congressional district in which he lived. The system now in vogue is an election by a "general ticket;" that is to say, each voter uses a ballot on which are printed the names of all the electors to which his State is entitled.

The tendency of the district system was to divide the electoral vote, while the "general ticket" tends to a solid vote from each State. In the "Mugwump" campaign of 1884--Cleveland-Blaine--no State divided its electoral votes. No State divided its vote in the Harrison-Cleveland election of 1888. In 1892, owing to the People's Party candidate breaking the vote, and owing to other circumstances, five States divided their votes. In the McKinley-Bryan contest of 1896 the votes were only divided in two States--California and Kentucky--where the popular voting was so close that each State named one Bryan elector.

The present system of naming electors increases the chances of electing Presidents who have received less than a majority of the popular vote, and it is even possible to elect a President who has received less than a plurality of votes, which has happened in two instances--the election of Hayes and Benjamin Harrison. It can be seen in the following instances how both of the cases may happen: A candidate may carry Kansas by a majority of 43,000, as Blaine did in 1884, and gain nine electoral votes, and lose New York, with its thirty-six electoral votes by 1,149 popular votes, as happened in the same election; or in 1896, when Bryan carried Colorado by 133,000 majority and gained four electoral votes, and perhaps lost twelve electoral votes in Kentucky by the narrow margin of 281 popular votes.

The following Presidents have failed to receive a majority of the total popular vote: Adams in 1824 (elected by the House), Polk in 1844, Taylor in 1848, Buchanan in 1856, Lincoln in 1860, Hayes in 1876, Garfield in 1880, Cleveland in 1884, Harrison in 1888, and Cleveland in 1892. McKinley, in 1896, was the first President since 1872 to receive a clear majority of the popular votes.

Only States vote at the presidential elections, each State being entitled to a number of electors equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in Congress. New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ohio rank in the order named as to largest number of electors. Since the first election of Jackson, in 1828, no President has been chosen in direct opposition to the combined votes of New York and Pennsylvania.

The theory of the electoral college, as conceived by the Federal Convention, was never realized. The aim was to constitute this peculiar body as a check on the popular excitement attendant on these elections. It was meant that the electors should meet some time after the election day and calmly discuss the merits of the best men. Under the present system, the National Conventions of the various parties present their candidates; on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November of every fourth year the people vote for the electors, and the result is known the next day, although the electors do not meet until the second Monday in January next after the election. There is nothing in the Constitution to compel an elector to vote for any particular candidate, yet custom is often stronger than law, and the elector who would frustrate the wishes of the people who elected him would be guilty of the basest of political treachery, although no law could punish him.

In the early history of the country, presidential candidates were first presented by the party leaders, then by Congressional caucuses, by State Legislatures, local conventions, and since 1832 the method of nominating has been by National Conventions of the various parties. Each State is generally allowed twice as many delegates as it has electors. In the Democratic Conventions a two-thirds vote of the delegates is necessary for choice, while the Republican Conventions only require a majority vote of the delegates for choice.

The Constitution requires, among other things, that the President shall be thirty-five years of age. Mr. Roosevelt is the youngest President we have had, being three years younger than Ulysses S. Grant, who was forty-seven years old when inaugurated. The eldest was William H. Harrison, who was sixty-eight years of age when inaugurated.

The manner of counting the electoral vote is prescribed in the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution as follows:

"The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice."

The procedure of the two houses, in case the returns of the election of electors from any State are disputed, is provided in the "Electoral Count" Act, passed in 1886. The "Electoral Count" Act remedied the strained situation brought about by the Hayes-Tilden controversy in 1876. Congress counts the ballots on the second Wednesday in February succeeding the meeting of the electors.

THE ELECTORAL VOTE IN 1904.

ELECTORAL ELECTORAL STATES. VOTES. STATES. VOTES. Alabama ............... 11 Nevada ................ 3 Arkansas .............. 9 New Hampshire ......... 4 California ............ 10 New Jersey ............ 12 Colorado .............. 5 New York .............. 39 Connecticut ........... 7 North Carolina ........ 12 Delaware .............. 3 North Dakota .......... 4 Florida ............... 5 Ohio .................. 23 Georgia ............... 13 Oregon ................ 4 Idaho ................. 3 Pennsylvania .......... 34 Illinois .............. 27 Rhode Island .......... 4 Indiana ............... 15 South Carolina ........ 9 Iowa .................. 13 South Dakota .......... 4 Kansas ................ 10 Tennessee ............. 12 Kentucky .............. 13 Texas ................. 18 Louisiana ............. 9 Utah .................. 3 Maine ................. 6 Vermont ............... 4 Maryland .............. 8 Virginia .............. 12 Massachusetts ......... 16 Washington ............ 5 Michigan .............. 14 West Virginia ......... 7 Minnesota ............. 11 Wisconsin ............. 13 Mississippi ........... 10 Wyoming ............... 3 Missouri .............. 18 --- Montana ............... 3 Total ............... 476 Nebraska .............. 8 Necessary to a choice . 239

PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CABINETS SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

1856. JAMES BUCHANAN, Pa., _Dem._ J. C. BRECKINRIDGE, Ky., _Dem._ Lewis Cass ........... Sec. State. Jacob Thompson ....... Sec. Int'r. Jeremiah S. Black .... " Moses Kelly .......... " Howell Cobb .......... Sec. Treas. Jeremiah S. Black .... Att. Gen'l. Jacob Thomas ......... " Edwin M. Stanton ..... " John A. Dix .......... " Aaron V. Brown ....... Post. Gen'l. John B. Floyd ........ Sec. War. J. Holt .............. " Joseph Holt .......... " H. King .............. " Isaac Toucey ......... Sec. Navy.

1860. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Ill., _Rep._ HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Me., _Rep._ Wm. H. Seward ........ Sec. State. Salmon P. Chase ...... Sec. Treas. Simon Cameron ........ Sec. War. Wm. P. Fessenden ..... " Edwin M. Stanton ..... " Edward Bates ......... Att. Gen'l. Caleb B. Smith ....... Sec. Int'r. James Speed .......... " John P. Usher ........ " Montgomery Blair ..... Post. Gen'l. Gideon Welles ........ Sec. Navy. William Denison ...... "

1864. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Ill., _Rep._ ANDREW JOHNSON, Tenn., _Rep._ William H. Seward .... Sec. State. Hugh McCulloch ....... Sec. Treas. Edwin M. Stanton ..... Sec. War. Gideon Welles ........ Sec. Navy. John P. Usher ........ Sec. Int'r. James Speed .......... Att. Gen'l. Henry Harlan ......... " Wm. Denison .......... Post. Gen'l.

1865. ANDREW JOHNSON, Tenn., _Rep._ Wm. H. Seward ........ Sec. State. Gideon Welles ........ Sec. Navy. Edwin M. Stanton ..... Sec. War. James Speed .......... Att. Gen'l. Lorenzo Thomas ....... " Henry Stanbery ....... " John Schofield ....... " Wm. M. Evarts ........ " Hugh McCulloch ....... Sec. Treas. Wm. Denison .......... Post. Gen'l. Henry Harlan ......... Sec. Int'r. Alex. W. Randall ..... " Orville H. Browning .. "

1868. ULYSSES S. GRANT, Ill., _Rep._ SCHUYLER COLFAX, Ind., _Rep._ E. B. Washburne ...... Sec. State. J. D. Cox ............ Sec. Int'r. Hamilton Fish ........ " Columbus Delano ...... " G. S. Boutwell ....... Sec. Treas. George M. Robeson .... Sec. Navy. J. A. Rawlins ........ Sec. War. George A. Williams ... Att. Gen'l. Wm. W. Belknap ....... " John A. J. Creswell .. Post. Gen'l.

1872. ULYSSES S. GRANT, Ill., _Rep._ HENRY WILSON, Mass., _Rep._ Hamilton Fish ........ Sec. State. Columbus Delano ...... Sec. Int'r. Wm. M. Belknap ....... Sec. War. Zachariah Chandler ... " Alphonso Taft ........ " Wm. M. Richardson .... Sec. Treas. J. D. Cameron ........ " Benj. H. Bristow ..... " John A. J. Creswell .. Post. Gen'l. Lot M. Morrill ....... " Marshall Jewell ...... " George A. Williams ... Att. Gen'l. James N. Tyner ....... " Edwards Pierrepont ... " George M. Robeson .... Sec. Navy. Alphonso Taft ........ "

1876. RUTH'FORD B. HAYES, O., _Rep._ WM. A. WHEELER, N. Y., _Rep._ Wm. M. Evarts ........ Sec. State. John Sherman ......... Sec. Treas. R. W. Thompson ....... Sec. Navy. G. W. McCrary ........ Sec. War. Nathan Goff, Jr ...... " Alex. Ramsay ......... " D. M. Key ............ Post. Gen'l. Carl Schurz .......... Sec. Int'r. Horace Maynard ....... " Charles Devens ....... Att. Gen'l.

1880. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Ohio, _Rep._ CHESTER A. ARTHUR, N. Y., _Rep._ J. G. Blaine ......... Sec. State. Wm. Windom ........... Sec. Treas. R. T. Lincoln ........ Sec. War. S. J. Kirkwood ....... Sec. Int'r. W. H. Hunt ........... Sec. Navy. T. L. James .......... Post. Gen'l. Wayne McVeagh ........ Att. Gen'l.

1881. CHESTER A. ARTHUR, N. Y., _Rep._ J. G. Blaine ......... Sec. State. Wm. Windom ........... Sec. Treas. F. T. Frelinghuysen .. " C. J. Folger ......... " R. T. Lincoln ........ Sec. War. S. J. Kirkwood ....... Sec. Int'r. W. H. Hunt ........... Sec. Navy. H. M. Teller ......... " W. E. Chandler ....... " T. L. James .......... Post. Gen'l. Wayne McVeagh ........ Att. Gen'l. T. O. Howe ........... " B. H. Brewster ....... "

1884. G. CLEVELAND, N. Y., _Dem._ THOS. A. HENDRICKS, Ind., _Dem._ Thos. F. Bayard ...... Sec. State. Daniel Manning ....... Sec. Treas. Wm. C. Endicott ...... Sec. War. Chas. Fairchild ...... " Wm. C. Whitney ....... Sec. Navy. Augustus Garland ..... Att. Gen'l. Wm. F. Vilas ......... Post. Gen'l. Lucius Q. C. Lamar ... Sec. Int'r. Don M. Dickinson ..... " William F. Vilas ..... " Norman J. Coleman .... Sec. Agric.

1888. BENJ. HARRISON, Ind., _Rep._ LEVI P. MORTON, N. Y., _Rep._ James G. Blaine ...... Sec. State. William Windom ....... Sec. Treas. Redfield Proctor ..... Sec. War. Wm. H. H. Miller ..... Att. Gen'l. Benj. F. Tracy ....... Sec. Navy. John W. Noble ........ Sec. Int'r. John Wanamaker ....... Post. Gen'l. Jeremiah M. Rusk ..... Sec. Agric.

1892. G. CLEVELAND, N. Y., _Dem._ ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Ill., _Dem._ Richard Olney ........ Sec. State. John G. Carlisle ..... Sec. Treas. Daniel S. Lamont ..... Sec. War. Judson Harmon ........ Att. Gen'l. Hilary A. Herbert .... Sec. Navy. David R. Francis ..... Sec. Int'r. Wm. L. Wilson ........ Post. Gen'l. J. Sterling Morton ... Sec. Agric.

1896. WM. McKINLEY, Ohio, _Rep._ GARRET A. HOBART, N. J., _Rep._ John Sherman ......... Sec. State. Lyman J. Gage ........ Sec. Treas. William R. Day ....... " Jos. McKenna ......... Att. Gen'l. John Hay ............. " John W. Griggs ....... " Russell A. Alger ..... Sec. War. Cornelius N. Bliss ... Sec. Int'r. Elihu Root ........... " Ethan A. Hitchcock ... " John D. Long ......... Sec. Navy. James Wilson ......... Sec. Agric. James A. Gary ........ Post. Gen'l. Chas. Emory Smith .... "

1900. WM. McKINLEY, Ohio, _Rep._ THEO. ROOSEVELT, N. Y., _Rep._ John Hay ............. Sec. State. John D. Long ......... Sec. Navy. Lyman J. Gage ........ Sec. Treas. Chas. Emory Smith .... Post. Gen'l. Elihu Root ........... Sec. War. Philander C. Knox .... Att. Gen'l. Ethan A. Hitchcock ... Sec. Int'r. Jas. Wilson .......... Sec. Agric.

1901. THEO. ROOSEVELT, N. Y., _Rep._ John Hay ............. Sec. State. John D. Long ......... Sec. Navy. Lyman J. Gage ........ Sec. Treas. Wm. H. Moody ......... " Leslie M. Shaw ....... " Philander C. Knox .... Att. Gen'l. Elihu Root ........... Sec. War. Ethan A. Hitchcock ... Sec. Int'r. Wm. H. Taft .......... " Jas. Wilson .......... Sec. Agric. Chas. Emory Smith .... Post. Gen'l. G. B. Cortelyou ...... Sec. Com. & Lab. Henry C. Payne ....... "

PRESIDENTS PRO TEM. OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

CONGRESS. YEAR. NAME. 32-33 1852-54 D. R. Atchison, Missouri. 33-34 1854-57 Jesse D. Bright, Indiana. 34 1857 James M. Mason, Virginia. 35-36 1857-61 Benj. Fitzpatrick, Alabama. 36-38 1861-64 Solomon Foot, Vermont. 38 1864-65 Daniel Clark, New Hampshire. 39 1865-67 Lafayette S. Foster, Connecticut. 40 1867-69 Benj. F. Wade, Ohio. 41-42 1869-73 Henry B. Anthony, Rhode Island. 43 1873-75 M. H. Carpenter, Wisconsin. 44-45 1875-79 Thos. W. Ferry, Michigan. 46 1879-81 A. G. Thurman, Ohio. 47 1881 Thos. F. Bayard, Delaware. 47 1881-83 David Davis, Illinois. 48 1883-85 Geo. F. Edmunds, Vermont. 49 1885-87 John Sherman, Ohio. 49-51 1887-91 Jno. J. Ingalls, Kansas. 52 1891-93 C. F. Manderson, Nebraska. 53 1893-95 Isham G. Harris, Tennessee. 54-58 1895 Wm. P. Frye, Maine.

SPEAKERS OF THE U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

CONGRESS. YEAR. NAME. 32-33 1851-55 Linn Boyd, Kentucky. 34 1855-57 Nathaniel P. Banks, Massachusetts. 35 1857-59 Jas. L. Orr, South Carolina. 36 1859-61 Wm. Pennington, New Jersey. 37 1861-63 Galusha A. Grow, Pennsylvania. 38-40 1863-69 Schuyler Colfax, Indiana. 41-43 1869-75 Jas. G. Blaine, Maine. 44 1875-76 Michael C. Kerr, Indiana. 44-46 1876-81 Samuel J. Randall, Pennsylvania. 47 1881-83 J. Warren Keifer, Ohio. 48-50 1883-89 John G. Carlisle, Kentucky. 51 1889-91 Thos. B. Reed, Maine. 52-53 1891-95 Chas. F. Crisp, Georgia. 54-55 1895-99 Thos. B. Reed, Maine. 56-57 1899-1903 David B. Henderson, Iowa. 58 1903 Jos. G. Cannon, Illinois.

THE PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION.

By Act approved January 18, 1886, the presidential succession is fixed as follows: In case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President and Vice-President of the United States, the Secretary of State, or if there be none, or in case of his removal, death, etc., then the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Attorney-General, the Postmaster-General, Secretary of the Navy, and Secretary of the Interior, shall act until the disability is removed, or a President elected; if Congress is not in session when the presidential powers devolve on any of these persons, or does not meet twenty days thereafter, then the said person must call an extraordinary session. This law applies only to such persons who are appointed by the advice and with the consent of the Senate, and who are eligible under the Constitution for the office of President.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1856.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fillmore | and | Buchanan Fremont Donelson | and and American | Breckinridge Dayton and | Buchanan Fremont Fillmore STATES Dem. Rep. Whigs | and B and D and D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 46,739 ...... 28,552 9 ... ... Arkansas ........... 21,910 ...... 10,787 4 ... ... California ......... 53,365 20,691 36,165 4 ... ... Connecticut ........ 34,995 42,715 2,615 ... 6 ... Delaware ........... 8,004 308 6,175 3 ... ... Florida ............ 6,358 ...... 4,833 3 ... ... Georgia ............ 56,578 ...... 42,228 10 ... ... Illinois ........... 105,348 96,189 37,444 11 ... ... Indiana ............ 118,670 94,375 22,386 13 ... ... Iowa ............... 36,170 43,954 9,180 ... 4 ... Kentucky ........... 74,642 314 67,416 12 ... ... Louisiana .......... 22,164 ...... 20,709 6 ... ... Maine .............. 39,080 67,379 3,325 ... 8 ... Maryland ........... 39,115 281 47,460 ... ... 8 Massachusetts ...... 39,240 108,190 19,626 ... 13 ... Michigan ........... 52,136 71,762 1,660 ... 6 ... Mississippi ........ 35,446 ...... 24,195 7 ... ... Missouri ........... 58,164 ...... 48,524 9 ... ... New Hampshire ...... 32,789 38,345 422 ... 5 ... New Jersey ......... 46,943 28,338 24,115 7 ... ... New York ........... 195,878 276,007 124,604 ... 35 ... North Carolina ..... 48,246 ...... 36,886 10 ... ... Ohio ............... 170,874 187,497 28,126 ... 23 ... Pennsylvania ....... 230,710 147,510 82,175 27 ... ... Rhode Island ....... 6,680 11,467 1,675 ... 4 ... *South Carolina .... ...... ...... ...... 8 ... ... Tennessee .......... 73,638 ...... 66,178 12 ... ... Texas .............. 31,169 ...... 15,639 4 ... ... Vermont ............ 10,569 39,561 545 ... 5 ... Virginia ........... 89,706 291 60,310 15 ... ... Wisconsin .......... 52,843 66,090 579 ... 5 ... --------- --------- ------- --- --- --- Total .......... 1,838,169 1,341,264 874,534 174 114 8

* Electors chosen by Legislature.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1860.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bell | Lincoln Douglas Breckinridge and | and and and Everett | Hamlin Johnson Lane Constitutional | Lincoln Douglas Breckinridge Bell STATES Rep. Dem. Ind. Dem. Union | and H and J and L and E --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ ...... 13,651 48,831 27,825 ... ... 9 ... Arkansas ........... ...... 5,227 28,732 20,094 ... ... 4 ... California ......... 39,173 38,516 34,334 6,817 4 ... ... ... Connecticut ........ 43,692 15,522 14,641 3,291 6 ... ... ... Delaware ........... 3,815 1,023 7,347 3,864 ... ... 3 ... Florida ............ ...... 367 8,543 5,437 ... ... 3 ... Georgia ............ ...... 11,590 51,889 42,886 ... ... 10 ... Illinois ........... 172,161 160,215 2,404 3,913 11 ... ... ... Indiana ............ 139,033 115,509 12,295 5,306 13 ... ... ... Iowa ............... 70,409 55,111 1,048 1,763 4 ... ... ... Kentucky ........... 1,364 25,651 53,143 66,058 ... ... ... 12 Louisiana .......... ...... 7,625 22,681 20,204 ... ... 6 ... Maine .............. 62,811 26,693 6,368 2,046 8 ... ... ... Maryland ........... 2,294 5,966 42,482 41,760 ... ... 8 ... Massachusetts ...... 106,533 34,372 5,939 22,331 13 ... ... ... Michigan ........... 88,480 65,057 805 405 6 ... ... ... Minnesota .......... 22,069 11,920 748 62 4 ... ... ... Mississippi ........ ...... 3,283 40,797 25,040 ... ... 7 ... Missouri ........... 17,028 58,801 31,317 58,372 ... 9 ... ... New Hampshire ...... 37,519 25,881 2,112 441 5 ... ... ... New Jersey ......... 58,324 62,801 ...... ...... 4 3 ... ... New York ........... 362,646 312,510 ...... ...... 35 ... ... ... North Carolina ..... ...... 2,701 48,339 44,990 ... ... 10 ... Ohio ............... 231,610 187,232 11,405 12,194 23 ... ... ... Oregon ............. 5,270 3,951 3,006 183 3 ... ... ... Pennsylvania ....... 268,030 16,765 178,871 12,776 27 ... ... ... Rhode Island ....... 12,244 7,707 ...... ...... 4 ... ... ... *South Carolina .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... ... 8 ... Tennessee .......... ...... 11,350 64,709 69,274 ... ... ... 12 Texas .............. ...... ...... 47,548 15,438 ... ... 4 ... Vermont ............ 33,808 6,849 1,969 218 5 ... ... ... Virginia ........... 1,929 16,290 74,323 74,681 ... ... ... 15 Wisconsin .......... 86,110 65,021 888 161 5 ... ... ... --------- --------- ------- ------- --- --- --- --- Total .......... 1,866,352 1,375,157 847,514 587,830 180 12 72 39

* Electors chosen by Legislature.

POPULAR, ARMY AND ELECTORAL VOTES, 1864.

Popular | Army | Electoral Vote | Vote | Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lincoln McClellan | | and and | Lincoln McClellan | Johnson Pendleton | and and | Lincoln McClellan STATES Rep. Dem. | Johnson Pendleton | and J and P -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- California ......... 62,134 43,841 2,600 237 5 ... Connecticut ........ 44,693 42,288 ...... ...... 6 ... Delaware ........... 8,155 8,767 ...... ...... ... 3 Illinois ........... 189,487 158,349 ...... ...... 16 ... Indiana ............ 150,422 130,233 ...... ...... 13 ... Iowa ............... 87,331 49,260 15,178 1,364 8 ... Kansas ............. 14,228 3,871 ...... ...... 3 ... Kentucky ........... 27,786 64,301 1,194 2,823 ... 11 Maine .............. 72,278 47,736 4,174 741 7 ... Maryland ........... 40,153 32,739 2,800 321 7 ... Massachusetts ...... 126,742 48,745 ...... ...... 12 ... Michigan ........... 85,352 67,370 9,402 2,959 8 ... Minnesota .......... 25,060 17,375 ...... ...... 4 ... Missouri ........... 72,991 31,026 ...... ...... 11 ... *Nevada ............ 9,826 6,594 ...... ...... 2 ... New Hampshire ...... 36,595 33,034 2,066 690 5 ... New Jersey ......... 60,723 68,014 ...... ...... ... 7 New York ........... 368,726 361,986 ...... ...... 33 ... Ohio ............... 265,154 205,568 41,146 9,757 21 ... Oregon ............. 9,888 8,457 ...... ...... 3 ... Pennsylvania ....... 296,389 276,308 26,712 12,349 26 ... Rhode Island ....... 14,343 8,718 ...... ...... 4 ... Vermont ............ 42,422 13,325 243 49 5 ... West Virginia ...... 23,223 10,457 ...... ...... 5 ... Wisconsin .......... 79,564 63,875 11,372 2,458 8 ... --------- --------- ------- ------ --- --- Total .......... 2,213,665 1,802,237 116,887 33,748 212 21

* Nevada chose three electors, one of whom died before the election.

The Army votes of Kansas and Minnesota arrived too late to be counted.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1868.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote ------------------------------------------------------------ Grant Seymour | and and | Colfax Blair | Grant Seymour STATES Rep. Dem. | and C and B ------------------------------------------------------------ Alabama ............ 76,366 72,080 8 ... Arkansas ........... 22,152 19,078 5 ... California ......... 54,592 54,078 5 ... Connecticut ........ 50,641 47,600 6 ... Delaware ........... 7,623 10,980 ... 3 Florida ............ ...... ...... 3 ... Georgia ............ 57,134 102,822 ... 9 Illinois ........... 250,293 199,143 16 ... Indiana ............ 176,552 166,980 13 ... Iowa ............... 120,399 74,040 8 ... Kansas ............. 31,049 14,019 3 ... Kentucky ........... 39,566 115,889 ... 11 Louisiana .......... 33,263 80,225 ... 7 Maine .............. 70,426 42,396 7 ... Maryland ........... 30,438 62,357 ... 7 Massachusetts ...... 136,477 59,408 12 ... Michigan ........... 128,550 97,069 8 ... Minnesota .......... 43,542 28,072 4 ... Missouri ........... 85,671 59,788 11 ... Nebraska ........... 9,729 5,439 3 ... Nevada ............. 6,480 5,218 3 ... New Hampshire ...... 38,191 31,224 5 ... New Jersey ......... 80,121 83,001 ... 7 New York ........... 419,883 429,883 ... 33 North Carolina ..... 96,226 84,090 9 ... Ohio ............... 280,128 238,700 21 ... Oregon ............. 10,961 11,125 ... 3 Pennsylvania ....... 342,280 313,382 26 ... Rhode Island ....... 12,993 6,548 4 ... South Carolina ..... 62,301 45,237 6 ... Tennessee .......... 56,757 26,311 10 ... Vermont ............ 44,167 12,045 5 ... West Virginia ...... 29,025 20,306 5 ... Wisconsin .......... 108,857 84,710 8 ... --------- --------- --- --- Totals 3,012,833 2,703,249 214 80

Florida electors chosen by Legislature.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1872.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Greeley O'Conor | Grant and and | and Brown Adams | Grant Wilson Liberal Straightout | and STATES Rep. Rep. and Dem. Dem. | Wilson ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 90,272 79,444 ...... 10 Arkansas ........... 41,373 37,927 ...... ... California ......... 54,020 40,718 1,068 6 Connecticut ........ 50,638 45,880 204 6 Delaware ........... 11,115 10,206 487 3 Florida ............ 17,763 15,427 ...... 4 Georgia ............ 62,550 76,356 4,000 ... Illinois ........... 241,944 184,938 3,058 21 Indiana ............ 186,147 163,632 1,417 15 Iowa ............... 131,566 71,196 2,221 11 Kansas ............. 67,048 32,970 596 5 Kentucky ........... 88,766 99,995 2,374 ... Louisiana .......... 71,663 57,029 ...... ... Maine .............. 61,422 29,087 ...... 7 Maryland ........... 66,760 67,687 19 ... Massachusetts ...... 133,472 59,260 ...... 13 Michigan ........... 138,455 78,355 2,861 11 Minnesota .......... 55,117 34,423 ...... 5 Mississippi ........ 82,175 47,288 ...... 8 Missouri ........... 119,196 151,434 2,429 ... Nebraska ........... 18,329 7,812 ...... 3 Nevada ............. 8,413 6,236 ...... 3 New Hampshire ...... 37,168 31,424 100 5 New Jersey ......... 91,656 76,456 630 9 New York ........... 440,736 387,281 1,454 35 North Carolina ..... 94,769 70,094 ...... 10 Ohio ............... 281,852 244,321 1,163 22 Oregon ............. 11,819 7,730 572 3 Pennsylvania ....... 349,589 212,041 ...... 29 Rhode Island ....... 13,665 5,329 ...... 4 South Carolina ..... 72,290 22,703 187 7 Tennessee .......... 85,655 94,391 ...... ... Texas .............. 47,406 66,500 2,499 ... Vermont ............ 41,481 10,927 593 5 Virginia ........... 93,468 91,654 42 11 West Virginia ...... 32,315 29,451 600 5 Wisconsin .......... 104,997 86,477 834 10 --------- --------- ------ --- Total .......... 3,597,070 2,834,079 29,408 286

The Prohibition candidate (Jas. Black) received 5,608 votes.

The total electoral vote was 366; Mr. Greeley's death, on November 29, 1873, made it necessary for the Democratic and Liberal Republican electors to vote for other persons; Thos. A. Hendricks received 42. B. Gratz Brown 18, Chas. J. Jenkins 2, David Davis 1. On objection, Congress excluded the vote of Arkansas, Louisiana and Georgia, a total of 17. The foregoing refers to the electoral vote for President; the vote for Vice-President was divided among eight persons.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1876.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tilden Hayes Cooper | and and and | Hayes Tilden Hendricks Wheeler Cary | and and STATES Dem. Rep. Greenback | Wheeler Hendricks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 102,002 68,230 ...... ... 10 Arkansas ........... 58,071 38,669 289 ... 6 California ......... 76,465 79,269 47 6 ... Colorado ........... ...... ...... ...... 3 ... Connecticut ........ 61,934 59,034 774 ... 6 Delaware ........... 13,381 10,752 ...... ... 3 Florida ............ 22,923 23,849 ...... 4 ... Georgia ............ 130,088 50,446 ...... ... 11 Illinois ........... 258,601 278,232 17,233 21 ... Indiana ............ 213,526 208,011 9,533 ... 15 Iowa ............... 112,099 171,327 9,001 11 ... Kansas ............. 37,902 78,322 7,776 5 ... Kentucky ........... 159,690 97,156 1,944 ... 12 Louisiana .......... 70,508 75,135 ...... 8 ... Maine .............. 49,823 66,300 663 7 ... Maryland ........... 91,780 71,981 33 ... 8 Massachusetts ...... 108,777 150,063 779 13 ... Michigan ........... 141,095 166,534 9,060 11 ... Minnesota .......... 48,799 72,962 2,311 5 ... Mississippi ........ 112,173 52,605 ...... ... 8 Missouri ........... 203,077 145,029 3,498 ... 15 Nebraska ........... 17,554 31,916 2,320 3 ... Nevada ............. 9,308 10,383 ...... 3 ... New Hampshire ...... 38,509 41,539 76 5 ... New Jersey ......... 115,962 103,517 712 ... 9 New York ........... 521,949 489,207 1,987 ... 35 North Carolina ..... 125,427 108,417 ...... ... 10 Ohio ............... 323,182 330,698 3,057 22 ... Oregon ............. 14,149 15,206 510 3 ... Pennsylvania ....... 366,158 384,122 7,187 29 ... Rhode Island ....... 10,712 15,787 68 4 ... South Carolina ..... 90,906 91,870 ...... 7 ... Tennessee .......... 133,166 89,566 ...... ... 12 Texas .............. 104,755 44,800 ...... ... 8 Vermont ............ 20,254 44,092 ...... 5 ... Virginia ........... 139,670 95,558 ...... ... 11 West Virginia ...... 56,455 42,698 1,373 ... 5 Wisconsin .......... 123,927 130,668 1,509 10 ... --------- --------- ------ --- --- Total .......... 4,284,757 4,033,950 81,740 185 184

Green C. Smith, Prohibitionist, received a total of 9,522 votes. There were 2,636 scattering votes for the Anti-Masonic and American Alliance tickets.

The Colorado electors were chosen by the Legislature.

The Returning Boards' counts are given for the popular votes in Florida and Louisiana, where there was a dispute as to Tilden's majority.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1880.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Garfield Hancock Weaver | and and and | Garfield Hancock Arthur English Chambers | and and STATES Rep. Dem. Greenback | Arthur English --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 56,221 91,185 4,642 ... 10 Arkansas ........... 42,436 60,775 4,079 ... 6 California ......... 80,348 80,426 3,392 1 5 Colorado ........... 27,450 24,647 1,435 3 ... Connecticut ........ 67,071 64,415 868 6 ... Delaware ........... 14,133 15,275 120 ... 3 Florida ............ 23,654 27,964 ...... ... 4 Georgia ............ 54,086 102,470 969 ... 11 Illinois ........... 318,037 277,321 26,358 21 ... Indiana ............ 232,164 225,522 12,986 15 ... Iowa ............... 183,927 105,845 32,701 11 ... Kansas ............. 121,549 59,801 19,851 5 ... Kentucky ........... 106,306 149,068 11,499 ... 12 Louisiana .......... 38,637 65,067 439 ... 8 Maine .............. 74,039 65,171 4,408 7 ... Maryland ........... 78,515 93,706 818 ... 8 Massachusetts ...... 165,205 111,960 4,548 13 ... Michigan ........... 185,431 131,597 34,895 11 ... Minnesota .......... 93,903 53,315 3,267 5 ... Mississippi ........ 34,854 75,750 5,797 ... 8 Missouri ........... 153,567 208,609 35,135 ... 15 Nebraska ........... 54,979 28,523 3,950 3 ... Nevada ............. 8,732 9,613 ...... ... 3 New Hampshire ...... 44,852 40,794 528 5 ... New Jersey ......... 120,555 122,565 2,617 ... 9 New York ........... 555,544 534,511 12,373 35 ... North Carolina ..... 115,874 124,208 1,126 ... 10 Ohio ............... 375,048 340,821 6,456 22 ... Oregon ............. 20,619 19,948 249 3 ... Pennsylvania ....... 444,704 407,428 20,668 29 ... Rhode Island ....... 18,195 10,779 236 4 ... South Carolina ..... 58,071 112,312 566 ... 7 Tennessee .......... 107,677 128,191 5,917 ... 12 Texas .............. 57,893 156,428 27,405 ... 8 Vermont ............ 45,567 18,316 1,215 5 ... Virginia ........... 84,020 128,586 ...... ... 11 West Virginia ...... 46,243 57,391 9,079 ... 5 Wisconsin .......... 144,400 114,649 7,986 10 ... --------- --------- ------- --- --- Total .......... 4,454,416 4,444,952 308,578 214 155

Neal Dow, Prohibition candidate, received a total vote of 10,305. Two Republican tickets were voted for in Louisiana. The Democratic vote for Maine is given for the fusion vote for the electoral ticket, made up of three Democrats and four Greenbackers. A straight Greenback ticket was also voted for in Maine.

Two Democratic tickets were voted in Virginia. The Regular received 96,912; the "Readjusters" 31,674.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1884.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Blaine Cleveland Butler St. John | Cleveland Blaine STATES Rep. Dem. Greenback Pro. | and H and L --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 59,591 93,951 873 612 10 ... Arkansas ........... 50,895 72,927 1,847 ...... 7 ... California ......... 102,416 89,288 2,017 2,920 ... 8 Colorado ........... 36,290 27,723 1,958 761 ... 3 Connecticut ........ 65,923 67,199 1,688 2,305 6 ... Delaware ........... 12,951 16,964 6 55 3 ... Florida ............ 28,031 31,766 ...... 72 4 ... Georgia ............ 48,603 94,667 145 195 12 ... Illinois ........... 337,474 312,355 10,910 12,074 ... 22 Indiana ............ 238,463 244,990 8,293 3,028 15 ... Iowa ............... 197,089 177,316 ...... 1,472 ... 13 Kansas ............. 154,406 90,132 16,341 4,495 ... 9 Kentucky ........... 118,122 152,961 1,691 3,139 13 ... Louisiana .......... 46,347 62,540 ...... ...... 8 ... Maine .............. 72,209 52,140 3,953 2,160 ... 6 Maryland ........... 85,699 96,932 531 2,794 8 ... Massachusetts ...... 146,724 122,481 24,433 10,026 ... 14 Michigan ........... 192,669 149,835 42,243 18,403 ... 13 Minnesota .......... 111,923 70,144 3,583 4,684 ... 7 Mississippi ........ 43,509 76,510 ...... ...... 9 ... Missouri ........... 202,929 235,988 ...... 2,153 16 ... Nebraska ........... 76,912 54,391 ...... 2,899 ... 5 Nevada ............. 7,193 5,578 26 ...... ... 3 New Hampshire ...... 43,249 39,183 552 1,571 ... 4 New Jersey ......... 123,440 127,798 3,496 6,159 9 ... New York ........... 562,005 563,154 16,994 25,016 36 ... North Carolina ..... 125,068 142,952 ...... 454 11 ... Ohio ............... 400,082 368,280 5,179 11,069 ... 23 Oregon ............. 26,860 24,604 726 492 ... 3 Pennsylvania ....... 473,804 392,785 16,992 15,283 ... 30 Rhode Island ....... 19,030 12,391 422 928 ... 4 South Carolina ..... 21,733 69,890 ...... ...... 9 ... Tennessee .......... 124,078 133,258 957 1,131 12 ... Texas .............. 93,141 225,309 3,321 3,534 13 ... Vermont ............ 39,514 17,331 785 1,752 ... 4 Virginia ........... 139,356 145,497 ...... 138 12 ... West Virginia ...... 63,096 67,317 810 939 6 ... Wisconsin .......... 161,157 146,459 4,598 7,656 ... 11 --------- --------- ------- ------- --- --- Total .......... 4,851,981 4,874,986 175,370 150,369 219 182

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1888.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cleveland Harrison Fisk Streeter | Harrison Cleveland STATES Dem. Rep. Pro. U. Labor | and M and T --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 117,320 56,197 583 ...... ... 10 Arkansas ........... 85,962 58,752 641 10,613 ... 7 California ......... 117,729 124,816 5,761 ...... 8 ... Colorado ........... 37,567 50,774 2,191 1,266 3 ... Connecticut ........ 74,920 74,584 4,234 240 ... 6 Delaware ........... 16,414 12,973 400 ...... ... 3 Florida ............ 39,561 26,657 423 ...... ... 4 Georgia ............ 100,499 40,496 1,808 136 ... 12 Illinois ........... 348,278 370,473 21,695 7,090 22 ... Indiana ............ 261,013 263,361 9,881 2,694 15 ... Iowa ............... 179,887 211,598 3,550 9,105 13 ... Kansas ............. 103,744 182,934 6,768 37,726 9 ... Kentucky ........... 183,800 155,134 5,225 622 ... 13 Louisiana .......... 85,032 30,484 166 39 ... 8 Maine .............. 50,481 73,734 2,691 1,344 6 ... Maryland ........... 106,168 99,986 4,767 ...... ... 8 Massachusetts ...... 151,855 183,892 8,701 ...... 14 ... Michigan ........... 213,459 236,370 20,942 4,542 13 ... Minnesota .......... 104,385 142,492 15,311 1,094 7 ... Mississippi ........ 85,471 30,096 218 22 ... 9 Missouri ........... 261,974 236,257 4,539 18,632 ... 16 Nebraska ........... 80,552 108,425 9,429 4,226 5 ... Nevada ............. 5,362 7,229 41 ...... 3 ... New Hampshire ...... 43,456 45,728 1,593 13 4 ... New Jersey ......... 151,493 144,344 7,904 ...... ... 9 New York ........... 635,757 648,759 30,231 626 36 ... North Carolina ..... 147,902 134,784 2,787 32 ... 11 Ohio ............... 396,455 416,054 24,356 3,496 23 ... Oregon ............. 26,522 33,291 1,677 363 3 ... Pennsylvania ....... 446,633 526,091 20,947 3,873 30 ... Rhode Island ....... 17,530 21,968 1,250 18 4 ... South Carolina ..... 65,825 13,736 ...... ...... ... 9 Tennessee .......... 158,779 138,988 5,969 48 ... 12 Texas .............. 534,883 88,422 4,749 29,459 ... 13 Vermont ............ 16,788 45,192 1,460 ...... 4 ... Virginia ........... 151,977 150,438 1,678 ...... ... 12 West Virginia ...... 79,664 77,791 669 1,064 ... 6 Wisconsin .......... 155,232 176,553 14,277 8,552 11 ... --------- --------- ------- ------- --- --- Total .......... 5,540,329 5,439,853 249,506 146,935 233 168

1,591 for Curtis, American; 2,418 for Cowdrey, United Labor.

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1892.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Harrison Cleveland Bidwell Weaver | Cleveland Harrison Weaver STATES Rep. Dem. Pro. Peo. | and S and M and F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Alabama ............ 9,197 138,138 239 85,181 11 ... ... Arkansas ........... 46,974 87,752 113 11,831 8 ... ... California ......... 117,618 117,908 8,187 25,226 8 1 ... Colorado ........... 38,620 ...... 1,687 53,584 ... ... 4 Connecticut ........ 77,032 82,395 4,026 809 6 ... ... Delaware ........... 18,077 18,581 564 ...... 3 ... ... Florida ............ ...... 30,143 570 4,843 4 ... ... Georgia ............ 48,305 129,386 988 42,939 13 ... ... Idaho .............. 8,799 ...... 219 10,430 ... ... 3 Illinois ........... 399,288 426,281 25,870 22,207 24 ... ... Indiana ............ 255,615 262,740 13,044 22,198 15 ... ... Iowa ............... 219,373 196,408 6,322 20,616 ... 13 ... Kansas ............. 157,241 ...... 4,553 163,111 ... ... 10 Kentucky ........... 135,420 175,424 6,385 23,503 13 ... ... Louisiana .......... 25,332 87,922 ...... 1,232 8 ... ... Maine .............. 62,878 48,024 3,062 2,045 ... 6 ... Maryland ........... 92,736 113,866 5,877 796 8 ... ... Massachusetts ...... 202,814 176,813 7,539 3,210 ... 15 ... Michigan ........... 222,708 202,296 20,569 19,792 5 9 ... Minnesota .......... 122,736 100,579 14,017 30,398 ... 9 ... Mississippi ........ 1,406 40,237 910 10,256 9 ... ... Missouri ........... 226,762 268,628 4,298 41,183 17 ... ... Montana ............ 18,833 17,534 517 7,259 ... 3 ... Nebraska ........... 87,218 24,943 4,902 83,134 ... 8 ... Nevada ............. 2,822 711 85 7,267 ... ... 3 New Hampshire ...... 45,658 42,081 1,297 293 ... 4 ... New Jersey ......... 156,080 171,066 8,134 985 10 ... ... New York ........... 609,459 654,908 38,193 16,430 36 ... ... North Carolina ..... 100,346 132,951 2,636 44,732 11 ... ... North Dakota ....... 17,486 ...... ...... 17,650 1 1 1 Ohio ............... 405,187 404,115 26,012 14,852 1 22 ... Oregon ............. 35,002 14,243 2,281 26,965 ... 3 1 Pennsylvania ....... 516,011 452,264 25,123 8,714 ... 32 ... Rhode Island ....... 27,069 24,335 1,565 227 ... 4 ... South Carolina ..... 13,384 54,698 ...... 2,410 9 ... ... South Dakota ....... 34,888 9,081 ...... 26,512 ... 4 ... Tennessee .......... 99,973 136,477 4,856 23,622 12 ... ... Texas .............. 81,444 239,148 2,165 99,638 15 ... ... Vermont ............ 37,992 16,325 1,424 43 ... 4 ... Virginia ........... 113,256 163,977 2,798 12,274 12 ... ... Washington ......... 36,470 29,844 2,553 19,105 ... 4 ... West Virginia ...... 80,285 83,484 2,130 4,165 6 ... ... Wisconsin .......... 170,761 177,436 13,132 9,909 12 ... ... Wyoming ............ 8,376 ...... 526 526 ... 3 ... --------- --------- ------- --------- --- --- --- Total .......... 5,186,931 5,553,142 268,361 1,030,128 277 145 22

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1896.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ McKinley, Bryan, Palmer, Levering, Bentley, Matchett, | McKinley, Bryan, STATES Rep. Dem. N. Dem. Pro. Nat. Soc. L. | Rep. Dem. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Alabama ............ 54,737 130,307 6,462 2,147 1 ..... .... 11 Arkansas ........... 37,512 110,103 ..... 839 893 ..... .... 8 California ......... 146,170 143,373 2,006 2,573 1,047 1,611 8 1 Colorado ........... 26,271 161,153 1 1,717 386 159 .... 4 Connecticut ........ 110,285 56,740 4,334 1,808 ..... 1,223 6 .... Delaware ........... 16,804 13,424 877 355 ..... ..... 3 .... Florida ............ 11,288 32,736 654 1,778 ..... ..... .... 4 Georgia ............ 60,091 94,232 2,708 5,613 ..... ..... .... 13 Idaho .............. 6,324 23,192 ..... 179 ..... ..... .... 3 Illinois ........... 607,130 464,632 6,390 9,796 793 1,147 24 .... Indiana ............ 323,754 305,573 2,145 3,056 2,267 324 15 .... Iowa ............... 289,293 223,741 4,516 3,192 352 453 13 .... Kansas ............. 159,541 171,810 1,209 1,921 630 ..... .... 10 Kentucky ........... 218,171 217,890 5,114 4,781 ..... ..... 12 1 Louisiana .......... 22,037 77,175 1,834 ..... ..... ..... .... 8 Maine .............. 80,465 34,688 1,870 1,570 ..... ..... 6 .... Maryland ........... 136,959 104,735 2,507 5,918 136 587 8 .... Massachusetts ...... 278,976 105,711 11,749 2,998 ..... 2,114 15 .... Michigan ........... 293,582 236,714 6,879 5,025 1,995 297 14 .... Minnesota .......... 193,501 139,626 3,202 4,343 ..... 867 9 .... Mississippi ........ 5,130 63,859 1,071 485 ..... ..... .... 9 Missouri ........... 304,940 363,667 2,355 2,169 293 596 .... 17 Montana ............ 10,494 42,537 ..... 186 ..... ..... .... 3 Nebraska ........... 102,304 115,880 2,885 1,193 797 186 .... 8 Nevada ............. 1,938 8,377 ..... ..... ..... ..... .... 3 New Hampshire ...... 57,444 21,650 3,520 779 49 228 4 .... New Jersey ......... 221,367 133,675 6,373 5,614 ..... 3,985 10 .... New York ........... 819,838 551,369 18,950 16,052 ..... 17,667 36 .... N. Carolina ........ 155,222 174,488 578 675 247 ..... .... 11 N. Dakota .......... 26,335 20,686 ..... 358 ..... ..... 3 .... Ohio ............... 525,991 477,494 1,857 5,068 2,716 1,167 23 .... Oregon ............. 48,779 46,662 977 919 ..... ..... 4 .... Pennsylvania ....... 728,300 433,228 11,000 19,274 870 1,683 32 .... Rhode Island ....... 37,437 14,459 1,166 1,160 5 558 4 .... S. Carolina ........ 9,281 58,798 828 ..... ..... ..... .... 9 S. Dakota .......... 41,042 41,225 ..... 685 ..... ..... .... 4 Tennessee .......... 148,773 166,268 1,951 3,098 ..... ..... .... 12 Texas .............. 167,520 370,434 5,046 1,786 ..... ..... .... 15 Utah ............... 13,484 64,517 21 ..... ..... ..... .... 3 Vermont ............ 51,127 10,637 1,331 733 ..... ..... 4 .... Virginia ........... 135,368 154,709 2,129 2,350 ..... 108 .... 12 Washington ......... 39,153 51,646 1,668 968 148 ..... .... 4 W. Virginia ........ 104,414 92,927 677 1,203 ..... ..... 6 .... Wisconsin .......... 268,135 165,523 4,584 7,509 346 1,314 12 .... Wyoming ............ 10,072 10,655 ..... 136 ..... ..... .... 3 --------- --------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ---- ---- Total .......... 7,106,779 6,502,925 133,424 132,009 13,969 36,274 271 176

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE, 1900.

Popular | Electoral Vote | Vote --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- McKinley, Bryan, Wooley, Debs, Malloney, Barker, Ellis, Leonard, | McKinley, Bryan, STATES Rep. Dem. Pro. Soc. Dem. Soc. L. M. R. Pop. U. R. U. C. | Rep. Dem. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama ............ 55,512 97,131 2,762 ....... ....... 4,178 ..... ..... .... 11 Arkansas ........... 44,800 81,142 584 ....... ....... 972 341 ..... .... 8 California ......... 164,755 124,985 5,024 7,554 ....... ...... ..... ..... 9 .... Colorado ........... 93,072 122,733 3,790 654 700 387 ..... ..... .... 4 Connecticut ........ 102,567 73,997 1,617 1,029 898 ...... ..... ..... 6 .... Delaware ........... 22,529 18,858 538 57 ....... ...... ..... ..... 3 .... Florida ............ 7,314 28,007 1,039 601 ....... 1,070 ..... ..... .... 4 Georgia ............ 35,035 81,700 1,396 ....... ....... 4,584 ..... ..... .... 13 Idaho .............. 26,997 29,414 857 ....... ....... 213 ..... ..... .... 3 Illinois ........... 597,985 503,061 17,623 9,687 1,373 1,141 672 352 24 .... Indiana ............ 336,063 309,584 13,718 2,374 663 1,438 254 ..... 15 .... Iowa ............... 307,785 209,179 9,479 2,778 259 613 ..... 707 13 .... Kansas ............. 185,955 162,601 3,605 1,605 ....... ...... ..... ..... 10 .... Kentucky ........... 227,128 235,103 3,780 646 390 1,861 ..... ..... .... 13 Louisiana .......... 14,233 53,671 ....... ....... ....... ...... ..... ..... .... 8 Maine .............. 65,435 36,822 2,585 878 ....... ...... ..... ..... 6 .... Maryland ........... 136,212 122,271 4,582 908 391 ...... 147 ..... 8 .... Massachusetts ...... 238,866 156,997 6,202 9,607 2,599 ...... ..... ..... 15 .... Michigan ........... 316,269 211,685 11,859 2,826 903 833 ..... ..... 14 .... Minnesota .......... 190,461 112,901 8,555 3,065 1,329 ...... ..... ..... 9 .... Mississippi ........ 5,753 51,706 ....... ....... ....... 1,644 ..... ..... .... 9 Missouri ........... 314,092 351,922 5,965 6,139 1,294 4,244 ..... ..... .... 17 Montana ............ 25,373 37,146 298 708 ....... ...... ..... ..... .... 3 Nebraska ........... 121,835 114,013 3,655 823 ....... 1,104 ..... ..... 8 .... Nevada ............. 3,849 6,347 ....... ....... ....... ...... ..... ..... .... 3 New Hampshire ...... 54,803 35,489 1,270 790 ....... ...... ..... ..... 4 .... New Jersey ......... 221,707 164,808 7,183 4,609 2,074 669 ..... ..... 10 .... New York ........... 821,992 678,386 22,043 12,869 12,622 ...... ..... ..... 36 .... North Carolina ..... 133,081 157,752 1,006 ....... ....... 830 ..... ..... .... 11 North Dakota ....... 35,891 20,519 731 518 ....... 110 ..... ..... 3 .... Ohio ............... 543,918 474,882 10,203 4,847 1,688 251 4,284 ..... 23 .... Oregon ............. 46,526 33,385 2,536 1,466 ....... 203 ..... ..... 4 .... Pennsylvania ....... 712,665 424,232 27,908 4,831 2,936 638 ..... ..... 32 .... Rhode Island ....... 33,784 19,812 1,529 ....... 1,423 ...... ..... ..... 4 .... South Carolina ..... 3,579 47,236 ....... ....... ....... ...... ..... ..... .... 9 South Dakota ....... 54,530 39,544 1,542 176 ....... 339 ..... ..... 4 .... Tennessee .......... 121,194 144,751 3,900 410 ....... 1,368 ..... ..... .... 12 Texas .............. 121,173 267,337 2,644 1,841 160 20,976 ..... ..... .... 15 Utah ............... 47,139 45,006 209 720 106 ...... ..... ..... 3 .... Vermont ............ 42,568 12,849 368 ....... ....... 367 ..... ..... 4 .... Virginia ........... 115,865 146,080 2,150 ....... ....... ...... ..... ..... .... 12 Washington ......... 57,456 44,833 2,363 2,006 866 ...... ..... ..... 4 .... West Virginia ...... 119,829 98,807 1,692 268 ....... 274 ..... ..... 6 .... Wisconsin .......... 265,866 159,285 10,124 524 7,065 ...... ..... ..... 12 .... Wyoming ............ 14,482 10,164 ....... ....... ....... ...... ..... ..... 3 .... --------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ----- ----- ---- ---- Total .......... 7,207,923 6,358,133 208,914 87,814 39,739 50,373 5,698 1,059 292 155

INDEX

Abbott, Josiah G., 180. Abolitionists, chapter on, 51. Abolitionists, early in Pennsylvania, 26. Abolitionists, sentiment during Revolution, 28 et seq. Adams, Charles Francis, 159. Adams, John Q., 164, 296. Adams, John Quincy, 55, 295. Alabama Claims, 165. Alabama, secedes, 125; reconstructed, 139. Alaska, purchased, 146, 252; boundary award, 290. Alger, Russell A., 224, 302. Allen, S. W. K., 255. Allison, William B., 183, 224, 255. American Anti-Slavery Society, 52 et seq. American Party, see Know-Nothings. Ames, Oakes, 165. Anthony, Henry B., 303. Anti-Monopoly Convention, 1884, 209. Arbitration, National advocated, 252. Arkansas, reconstructed, 139. Army Vote 1864, 133. Arthur, Chester A. nominated for Vice President, 193; becomes President, 197; biographical sketch, 197; candidate for nomination, 1884, 200; placed in nomination, 207; ballots, 208; his cabinet, 301. Articles of Confederation, 30. Ashmun, George, 115. Ashton, James A., 273. Atchison, D. R., 303. Atherton Gag-rule, 55.

Bailey, D. F., 255. Baldwin, John M., 255. Banks, Nathaniel P., 85, 94, 122, 304. Barker, Wharton, 263. Barnburners, 64. Bates, Edward, 119, 300. Bayard, Thomas F., 180, 302, 303. Belknap, Wm. W., 301. Bell, John, 238. Bentley, Charles E., 258. Benton, Thomas C., 93. Bidwell, John, 238. Billings, Frederick, 192. Bimetalism, 221, 233. Bingham, Harry, 207, 246. Bingham, John A., 143. Bingham, Kinsley S., 82. Birney, John G., 56, 57. Black, James, 159. Black, Jeremiah S., 300. Blaine, James G., elected speaker, 156; Credit Mobilier, 165; elected speaker, 167; defeated, 168; mentioned for President, 170, 174, 175, 184, 185; placed in nomination 1884, 207; biographical sketch, 208; Little Rock R. R. matter, 210; campaign of 1884, Rum, Romanism, Rebellion, 210; declines nomination 1888, 214; resigns as Secretary of State, 229; in Convention of 1892, 237; 301, 302, 304. Blair, Francis P., 88. Blair, Francis P., Jr., 154. Blair, Montgomery, 300. Bland-Allison Act, 182, 183. Bland, Richard P., 182. Bliss, Cornelius N., 302. Bolton, J. Gray, 264. Bond Issue, Cleveland's second term, 243. Booth, John Wilkes, 134. Booth, Newton, 177. Boutwell, Geo. S., 143, 301. Bovay, Alvan E., founder of the Republican Party, 74; biographical sketch, 75; calls first meeting, 76; urges Mr. Greeley to Christen the Party, 80. Bowen, Jehdeiah, 76. Boyd, Linn, 304. Boyd, W. G., 237. Bradley, Joseph P., 180. Bradley, William O., 192, 216, 226. Brainard, Lawrence, 87, 88. Brandagee, A. H., 207. Breckinridge, John C., 95, 113, 300. Breckinridge, Robert J., 129. Brewster, B. H., 301. Bright, Jesse D, 303. Brinkerhoff, Jacob, 63. Bristow, Benjamin H., 170, 301. Brooks, James, 165. Brooks, John A., 213. Brooks, Preston S., 97. Brown, Aaron V., 300. Brown, B. Gratz, 159. Brown, John, raid, 108. Browning, Orville H., 300. Bruce, Blanche K., 226. Bryan, William J., speech in Democratic Convention, 1896, 257; is nominated for President 1896, 257; nominated by People's Party and Silver Party 1896, 258; nominated by People's Party 1900, 263; by Democrats, 282; by Silver Republicans, 283. Buchanan, James, nominated 1856, 95; elected, 99; his term, 101; does not prevent secession, 125; his cabinet, 300. Buckner, Simon B., 258. Bulkeley, William G., 255. Bunau-Varilla, Philippe, 288. Burchard, Dr., Rum, Romanism, Rebellion, 210. Burleigh, H. G., 208. Burr, Aaron, 295. Butler, Benjamin F., 65, 144, 209.

Caldwell, Luther, 150. Calhoun, John C., State Rights, 49; demands suppression of Right of Petition, 55; made Secretary of State, 1844, 60; Texas, 60; speaks on Compromise of 1850, 68. California, gold, 67; applies for admission as free State, 67; in Compromise of 1850, 69. Cameron, Frank J., 254. Cameron, J. Donald, 185, 186, 293, 301. Cameron, Simon, 119, 132, 300. Cannon, Jos. G., 304. Carey, Henry C., 94. Carlisle, John G., 211, 302, 304. Carpenter, M. H., 303. Carter, Thomas H., 246, 293. Cartter, David K., 121. Cary, Samuel F., 177. Cass, Lewis, 64, 300. Cassady, J. E., 192. Central Pacific Railroad advocated Republican Platform 1856, 92; 119, 131, 146. Chambers, B. F., 194. Chandler, W. E., 301. Chandler, Zachariah, 88, 178, 293, 301. Chase, Salmon P., 92, 119, 128, 300. Chinese Immigration, 184; Republican Party and, 190; 198, 205; 219. Civil Rights Bill, 141. Civil Service Reform, Republican Party and, 162, 172, 182, 199, 205, 223, 235, 251, 269. Claflin, William, 160, 293. Clark, Daniel, 303. Clarkson, John S., 228, 231, 294. Clay, Cassius M., 88, 94, 121, 122, 123. Clay, Henry, Missouri Compromise, 48; candidate for President 1844, 61; Compromise of 1850, 68. Clayton, Powell, 202. Cleveland, A. C., 254. Cleveland, Grover, elected governor of New York, 200; nominated 1884, 209; first term, 211; nominated 1888, 214; nominated 1892, 229; second term, 240; his cabinets, 302. Clifford, Nathan, 180. Coal Strike, 289. Cobb, Howell, 300. Cochrane, John, 129. Coleman, Norman J., 302. Colfax, Schuyler, 153, 154, 160, 304. Collamer, Jacob, 94, 119. Colombia, 288. Colored Liberal Republicans, 164. Commerce, Department of, advocated, 271. Compromise of 1820, 42. Compromise of 1850, 59. Confederate Government, 125. Conkling, Roscoe, 170, 185, 187, 192, 196, 197. Constitutional Convention, U. S., 35. Constitutional Union Party, 114. Cooper, Peter, 177. Cortelyou, Geo. B., 303. Cotton, 38. Cowdrey, Robt. H., 213. Cowen, B. R., 150. Cox, J. D., 301. Cranfill, J. B., 238. Crawford, L. J., 294. Crawford, Wm. H., 296. Credit Mobilier, 165. Creswell, J. A. J., 153, 301. Crisp, Charles F., 241, 304. Crittenden Compromise, 125. Cuba, mentioned in Republican Platform 1896, 251, 260, 287. Cuban Reciprocity Treaty, 287. Cullom, Shelby M., 160, 207. Currency Inflation Bill, 167. Curtin, A. G., 120, 153. Curtis, Benjamin R., 144. Curtis, George William, 119. Daniel, John B., 257. Daniels, William, 209. Davis, Cushman K., 207. Davis, David, 159, 198, 303. Davis, Edmund J., 160, 193. Davis, Henry W., 122. Davis, Jefferson, 111, 125. Day, Wm. R., 302. Dayton, William L., 94, 119, 122. Debs, Eugene V., 263. Delano, Columbus, 120, 301. Democratic Conventions, 1856, 95; 1860, 112; 1864, 133; 1868, 154; 1872, 164; "Straight Out" 1872, 164; 1876, 177; 1880, 194; 1884, 209; 1888, 214; 1892, 238; 1896, 256; 1900, 274. Democratic Party, supports slavery, 8, 59; defeated in 1840, 60; advocates Texas, 61; Barnburners and Hunkers in, 64; in campaign of 1852, 71; repeals Missouri Compromise, 72; in campaign of 1856, 96; 1860, 113; 1864, 133; 1868, 154; 1872, 164; 1876, 177; 1880, 195; 1884, 209; 1888, 214; 1892, 238; 1896, 257; 1900, 274. Demonetization of Silver, 165. Dennison, William, 129, 300. Depew, Chauncey M., 224, 231, 237, 255, 256, 274. Devens, Charles, 301. Dickinson, Daniel S., 132. Dickinson, Don M., 302. Dingley, Nelson, Jr., Tariff Bill, 260. Dix, John A., 66, 300. Dixon, Senator, 72. Dolliver, Jonathan P., 273. Dom Pedro, 11, 169. Donelson, A. J., 95. Donnelly, Ignatius, 263. Douglas, Frederick, 225. Douglas, Stephen A., 7, 63, 72, 95; Lincoln-Douglas debates, 101, 105; 103, nominated for President, 113; 126. Dow, Neal, 194. Drake, E. F., 192. Dred Scott Decision, 101. Dubois, F. T., 254. Dunham, William, 77. Earl, Thomas, 57. Edmunds, George F., 180, 192, 202, 207, 303, Edmunds Law, 1882, 198. Eight Hour Law advocated by Republicans, 204. Electoral College, 295 et seq. Electoral Commission Law, 180. Electoral Count Act, 299. Electoral Vote 1852, 71; 1856, 99; 1860, 124; 1864, 133; 1868, 154; 1872, 164; 1876, 179, 181; 1880, 196; 1884, 211; 1888, 226; 1892, 240; 1896, 260; 1900, 283, 296. See appendix for electoral votes by States. Electoral vote for 1904, 299. Electors, Presidential, how chosen, 295. Elliott, R. B., 192. Emancipation Proclamation, 127. Emmet, Robert, 89. Employes protection, 234. Endicott, Wm. C., 302. English, William H., 195. Equal Rights Convention, 213. Estee, M. M., 216. Eustis, W. H., 237. Evans, H. Clay, 255. Evans, Samuel, 213. Evarts, William M., 120, 121, 144, 300, 301. Everett, Edward, 114. Fairbanks, Charles W., temporary chairman 1896, 246; presents platform 1900, 264. Fairchild, Chas., 302. Farmers' Alliance Convention, 238. Fassett, J. Sloat, 231. Fenton, Reuben E., 153. Ferry, Thos. W., President of Senate, 181, 303. Fessenden, Samuel, 255. Fessenden, Wm. P., 300. Field, James G., 239. Field, Stephen J., 180. Fifteenth Amendment, 155. Fillmore, Millard, 64, 95. Finck, B. E., 237. Fish, Clinton B., 213. Fish, Hamilton, 301. Fisheries, 222. Fitler, E. H., 224, 225. Fitzpatrick, Benj., 303. Florida, secedes, 125; reconstructed, 139. Floyd, John B., 300. Folger, C. J., 301. Foot, Solomon, 303. Foraker, Joseph B., nominates Sherman, 1884, 207, 208, 216, 225; presents Platform 1892, 232; presents Platform 1896, 246; nominates McKinley, 1896, 255; nominates McKinley, 1900, 273. Ford, Thomas, 94. Forney, John W., 150. Fort, J. Franklin, 246, 255. Fort Sumter, 125, 126, 134. Foster, Mrs. J. Ellen, 237. Foster, James P., 293, 294. Foster, Lafayette S., 303. Francis, David R., 302. Frazer, Robert E., 224. Free Soil Party, 63; organization of in 1848, 65; in campaign of 1852, 71; one of the elements of the Republican Party, 79, et seq. Free Suffrage, 217. Free Trade, 211. Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 140. Fremont, John C., mentioned for the nomination 1856, 92; first Presidential nominee of Republican Party, 93; is defeated, 99; in Convention of 1860, 121; nominated by Radicals in 1864 but withdraws, 129; makes speech in convention of 1888, 215. Frelinghuysen, F. T., 176, 180, 301. Frye, William P., seconds nomination of Blaine 1876, 175; do. 1880, 192; 303. Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, 42; of 1850, 69, 70; repealed, 134. Gage, Lyman J., 302, 303. Gallinger, Senator, 224. Garey, James A., 302. Garfield, James A., on electoral commission, 180; defeated for speaker, 181, 184; quoted, 185; in convention of 1880, 187; nominates Sherman, 1880, 192; is himself selected, 193; biographical sketch, 193; inaugurated, 196; assassinated, 197; his cabinet, 301. Garland, Augustus, 302. Garrison, William Lloyd, publishes the Liberator, 54, 55. Georgia, secedes, 125. Germans strong for the new Republican Party, 73. Giddings, Joshua R., 88, 94, 119, 123. Goff, Nathan, Jr., 301. Gold Standard, advocated by Republicans, 1896, 249; Act, 261. Goodloe, Wm. C., 207. Goodrich, J. Z., 87. Grant, Frederick D., 225, 256. Grant, Ulysses S., receives votes for nomination, 1864, 132; nominated for President, 1868 and biographical sketch, 148; inaugurated, 156; nominated, 1872, 160; reinaugurated, 166; candidate in 1880, 184; placed in nomination, 192; votes for, 192, 193; his cabinets, 301. Greeley, Horace, advocates election of Taylor, 66; influence of in 1854, 75; talks with Bovay about the new party, 75, 76; advocates name Republican, 80; at Pittsburg Convention, 1856, 88; in convention of 1860, 115; in campaign 1860, 123; nominated for President, 159; in campaign of 1872, 164; death, 165. Green, Beriah, 54. Greenback Labor Party in 1884, 209. Greenback Party, 146; in 1876, 177; in 1880, 194. Greenbacks, 145, 241. Gresham, Walter Q., 208, 224. Griggs, John W., 302. Groesbeck, Wm. S., 144, 164. Grosvenor, Charles E., 264. Grow, Galusha A., 109, 207, 304. Gunsaulus, Dr., 215. Hale, John P., 65, 71. "Half-breeds," 196. Hamilton, I. N., 294, 225. Hamlin, Hannibal, 122, 132, 153. Hancock, Winfield S., 195. Hanna, Marcus A., campaign manager for McKinley, 1896, 245; made Chairman National Committee, 254; calls 1900 Convention to order, 263, 293. Harlan, Henry, 300. Harlan, James, 153. Harmon, Judson, 302. Harris, Isham G., 303. Harrison, Benjamin, quoted, 213; nominated in 1888, 224, 225; biographical sketch, 225; candidate in 1892, 228; nominated, 237; defeated by Cleveland, 240, 297; his cabinet, 302. Harrison, Wm. Henry, 48, 57, 60, 298. Hartman, Charles S., 254. Hartranft, John F., 170. Hastings, Daniel B., 224, 255. Hausserek, F., 150. Hawaii, 240, 261. Hawley, Joseph R., 150, 160, 171, 176, 207, 224. Hay, John, 288, 290, 302, 303. Hayes, Rutherford B., candidate for President, 170; nominated 1876, 175; biographical sketch, 176; Hayes-Tilden contest, 179; inaugurated, 181; not a candidate in 1880, 184, 297; his cabinet, 301. Haymond, Creed, 225. Henderson, David B., 186, 261, 304. Henderson, John B., 202. Hendricks, Thomas A., 177, 209. Hepburn, 224. Herbert, Hilary A., 302. Hickman, John, 122. Hill, David B., 229, 238, 257. Hiscock, Senator, 224. Hitchcock, Ethan A., 302, 303. Hoar, George F., 180, 186. Holt, Joseph, 300. Homestead Act, advocated in Republican platform, 1860, 118; 128, 205, 219, 252. Houston, Samuel, 122. Howe, T. O., 301. Hunkers, 64. Hunt, W. H., 301. Hunton, Eppa, 180. Ide, Henry C., 262. Immigration, Republican Party, and, 118, 131, 152, 234, 251, 268. Imperalism, 274. Independent Republicans, 210. Ingalls, John J., 225, 303. Ingersoll, Robert G., Plumed Knight speech, 174. Internal Revenue, 128, 146, 218. Interstate Commerce Laws, 204. Isthmian Canal, 271; Act, 287. Jackson, Andrew, 295. James, I. L., 301. Jefferson, Thomas, 30, 31, 46, 295. Jessup, William, 115. Jewell, Marshall, 175, 176, 193, 293, 301. Johnson, Andrew, in Thirtieth Congress, 63; nominated for Vice President, 132; becomes President, 135; reconstruction, 138; impeachment of, 143; his cabinet, 300. Johnson, Hale, 258. Johnson, Whitfield S., 94. Johnston, R. M., 296. Johnston, Wm. F., 95. Jones, B. F., 215, 293. Joy, Thomas F., 192. Judd, Norman B., 120. Julian, Geo. W., 71, 88. Kansas, Douglas bill, 72; in Republican National Platform, 1856, 90, 91, 92; Lecompton Constitution, 102; in Republican Platform, 1860, 117, 118; admitted, 125. Keifer, Jos. Warren, 198, 304. Kelley, Wm. D., 153. Kelly, Moses, 300. Kerr, Michael C., 156, 168, 181, 304. Key, D. M., 301. King, H., 300. King, John A., 88, 94. King, Preston, 88. Kirkwood, S. J., 301. Knight, George, 273. Know-Nothings, organized, 83; convention of 1856, 95. Knox, P. C., 288, 302, 303. Ku Klux Klans, 158. Labor National Bureau of, advocated, 204. Labor Reform Party, 158. Lamar, L. Q. C., 302. Lamont, Daniel S, 302. Lane, Henry S., 90, 94, 120. Lane, Joseph, 113. Lapham, Elbridge C., 197. Lecompton Constitution, 102. Lee, Robert E., 134. Legal Tender Act, 128. Legal Tenders, 128, 145. Levering, Joshua, 258. Levy, Edgar M., 264. Lewis, John F., 160. Liberal Republicans, 158. Liberal Republican Revenue Reformers, 164. Liberty Party, in 1840, 57; 1844, 62; 1848, 65. Lincoln, Abraham, quoted, 9; early views on slavery, 9, 67; in Thirtieth Congress, 63; in campaign of 1848, 66; hears Seward at Boston, 67; receives votes for V. P. 1856, 94; endorsed for U. S. Senate, 104; Lincoln-Douglas debates, 101-106; Douglas and Lincoln compared, 107; defeated for U. S. Senator, 106; Henry Ward Beecher, on, 112; nominated for President 1860; in campaign of 1860, 122; first inauguration, 126; his term, 126, et seq.; nominated 1864, 132; second inauguration, 134; assassinated, 134; quoted, 135; reconstruction, 136; his cabinets, 300. Lincoln, Robert T., 225, 301. Lippitt, Charles W., 255. Lodge, Henry Cabot 202, 255, 264. Lockwood, Mrs. Belva A., 213. Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign, 60. Logan, John A., 144, 153, 185, 207, 208. Long, John D., 207, 302, 303. Loper, Amos, 76. Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 289. Louisiana secedes, 125; reconstructed, 136, 139. Louisiana Territory, 44. Love, Alfred H., 213. Lovejoy, Elijah P., 56. Lovejoy, Owen, 88. Lundy, Benjamin, 53. Lynch, John R., 202, 207. Lynching condemned, 252. McAlpin, E. A. 294. McClellan, Geo. B., 133. McCrary, Geo. W., 301. McCullouch, Hugh, 145, 300. McKenna, Joseph, 302. McKinley, William, reports Platform 1884, 202; reports platform 1888, 216; receives some votes in convention, 1888, 225; Tariff Bill of 1890, 227; mentioned for nomination 1892, 230; presides over convention, 1892, 231; receives some votes, 1892, 238; quoted, 244; candidate, 1896, 245; nominated, 255; biographical sketch, 256; first term begins, 260; nominated 1900, 273; second term begins, 283; assassinated, 283; his last words, 284; his cabinets, 302. McLean, John, 92, 93, 119. McMichael, Morton, 160. McPherson, Edward, 171. McVeagh, Wayne, 301. Maguire, Matthew, 259. Mahone and Wise, 216. Maine, Battleship destroyed, 260. Malloney, Joseph F., 263. Manderson, C. F., 303. Manley, Joseph H., 245. Manning, Daniel, 302. Mason, James M., 303. Matchett, Charles H., 239, 259. Maynard, Horace, 160, 193, 301. Merchant Marine Advocated Republican Platform, 1872, 163; 206, 221, 234, 249, 269. Metcalf, Henry B., 263. Mexican War, 61, 62. Middle of the Road People's Party, 263. Milburn, John G., 284. Miller, Samuel F., 180, 225. Miller, Warner, 237. Miller, Warren, 197. Miller, Wm. H. H., 302. Mills Tariff Bill, 212. Mississippi, secedes, 125. Missouri Compromise, 7, 8, 42; Repealed, 72. Mollison, W. E., 237. Monroe Doctrine, Republican Party and, 132; 222, 234, 243, 250. Moody, William H., 303. Moore, J. Hampton, 294. Morey, H. L., letter, 195. Morgan, Edwin D., 89, 115, 129, 171, 293. Morrill, Lot M., 301. Morrill Tariff Bill, 128. Morton, J. Sterling, 302. Morton, Levi P., 226, 255, 256. Morton, Oliver P., 170, 180. Moses, Bernard, 262. Mount, James A., 273. Mugwumps, 210. Mulligan Letters, 210. Murchison, Charles F., 226. Murray, Butler, 273. National Bank System, 128. National Debt, Republican Party and, 131, 135, 144, 145, 151. National Democratic Party, 1896, 258. National Party, 1896, 258. National Republican League, 293. Naturalization Laws, Republican Party and, 118. Navy, advocated, 206, 221, 251. Nebraska, 72. Negro question, Republican Party and, 269. Nicaraguan Canal, 236, 287. Noble, John W., 302. Northwest Territory, 31. Noyes, E. F., 160, 175. O'Conor, Charles, 159, 164. Ocala Platform, 239. Olmstead, F. L., 164. Olney, Richard, 302. Ordinance of 1787, 33, 48. Orr, James L., 304. Ostend, circular, 92. Pacific Cable, 290. Palmer, John M., 150, 258. Panama, 288. Panama Canal, 287. Panic of 1873, 156; of 1893, 241. Parker, Joel, 159. Payne, H. B., 180. Payne, Henry C., 303. Payne, Sereno E., 264. Pendleton, Geo. H., 133. Pennington, Aaron S., 94. Pennington, Wm., 110, 304. Pension Laws of 1890, 228. Pensions, Republican Party and, 130, 152, 162, 173, 205, 223, 237, 250, 269. Peoples Party, appearance of, 228; in 1892, 238, 239, 240; in 1896, 258; in 1900, 263. Personal Liberty Laws, 70. Phelps, W. W., 225, 226. Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, 168. Philippines acquired, 261; Commission, 262, 272, 288; President Roosevelt's Amnesty, 289. Pierce, Franklin, 71, 86, 95. Pierrepont, Edwards, 188, 301. Pinchback, P. B. S., 207. Pixley, F. M., 192. Platt, Thomas C., 196, 207. Plumb, Preston B., 208. Polk, James K., 61. Polygamy, in Republican Platform, 1856, 91; 173; Edmunds law, 198, 206, 220. Pomeroy, Samuel C., 94, 133. Pomeroy, Theo. O., 171. Popular Vote in 1852, 72; 1856, 99; 1860, 124; 1864, 133; 1868, 154; 1872, 165; 1876, 181; 1880, 196; 1884, 211; 1888, 227; 1892, 240; 1896, 260; 1900, 283; see appendix. Porter, Albert G., 224. Postal Rates, reduction advocated by Republicans, 162, 221. Proctor, Redfield, 302. Prohibition Party, in 1872, 158, 159; 1876, 177; 1880, 194; 1884, 209; 1888, 213; 1892, 238; 1896, 258; 1900, 263. President, manner of electing, 295. Presidential succession, 304. Presidents who failed to receive a majority of the popular vote, 297. Protective Tariff, mentioned in Republican platform, 1860, 118; 162, 173, 190, 203, 212, 218, 232, 247, 268. Public Roads, 270. Quakers, opposed to slavery, 26, 52. Quay, Matthew S., 255, 273, 293. Radical Republican Convention, 1864, 129. Ramsey, Alex., 301. Randall, Alex. W., 300. Randall, Samuel J., 181, 184, 198, 304. Rawlins, J. A., 301. Raymond, Henry J., 129. Reciprocity, Blaine on, 201; in Republican Platforms, 233, 248, 268. Reconstruction, 135, Republican Party and, 151. Reed, John M., 121, 122. Reed, Thomas B., elected speaker, 227; 231; candidate for President, 1896, 245; 255, 256, 304. Reeder, Andrew H., 122. Reid, Whitelaw, 238. Remmel, Valentine, 263. Republican National Committee, 293. Republican National Conventions, call for first convention at Pittsburg, 87; at Philadelphia, 1856, 89, 1860, 114; 1864, 129; 1868, 148; 1872, 159; 1876, 170; 1880, 186; 1884, 201; 1888, 215; 1892, 230; 1896, 246; 1900, 263; see appendix, 294. Republican National Platforms, 1856, 90; 1860, 116; 1864, 130; 1868, 151; 1872, 160; 1876, 170; 1880, 188; 1884, 203; 1888, 217; 1892, 232; 1896, 247; 1900, 265. Republican Party; formative causes, 5, 7, 72; birth of, 70, 74; first meetings, 74; how name adopted, 76; first State meeting, 81; meeting at Washington, 80; first Republican governor, 82, 83; State meetings, 82, 83; success in 1855, 84; prepares for first National campaign, 85, 86; in various campaigns, see Conventions. Republican Rallying Cry, 1856, 86. Repudiation, denounced by Republican Party, 151; 163. Resumption of Specie Payment, 168, 183. Richards, Frank S., 150. Richardson, Wm. M., 301. River and Harbor Improvements, advocated Republican Platform 1856, 92; 118. Robertson, Wm. H., 196. Robeson, Geo. M., 301. Roosevelt, Theodore, in convention of 1884, 202; seconds McKinley's nomination, 1900, 273; is nominated for Vice President, 273; quoted, 285; becomes President, 285; biographical sketch, 285; his administration, 287 et seq.; 298. Root, Elihu, 289, 302, 303. Rum, Romanism, Rebellion, 210. Rural Free Delivery, advocated by Republican Platform, 1892, 235; 270. Rush, Governor, 224. Rusk, Jeremiah M., 224, 225, 302. Russell, John, 159. Sabin, Dwight M., 202, 293. Sackville-West, 226. St. John, John P., 209. Sale, Samuel, 246. Schofield, John, 300. Schurz, Carl, 123, 150, 159, 301. Scott, Winfield, 71. Secession, 125. Settle, Thomas, 160, 193. Sewall, Arthur, 258. Seward, William H., 67, 68, 83, 92, 93, 119, 120, 123, 300. Seymour, Horatio, 127, 154. Shaw, Leslie M., 303. Sheep Industry, Republican Party and, 204, 218. Sherman Anti-Trust Law, 228. Sherman, John, 109, 145; specie resumption, 168; Secretary of Treasury, 183; mentioned for President, 184, 186; placed in nomination 1880, 192; 1884, 207; 211; 1888, 214; 224, 301, 302, 303. Sherman Silver Act, 228; repealed, 241. Silver Act of 1873, 165. Silver Party Convention, 1896, 258. Silver Republicans, in 1896, 253; 254; 1900, 282, 283. Silver, in 1896, 244; in Republican Convention, 253, 254; in Democratic Convention, 1896, 257; 1900, 274. Silver in Democratic Platforms, 257, 279. Silver in Republican Platforms, 249, 267. Slave Trade, in Greece and Rome, 14, 15; beginning of modern, 18; abolition of by U. S., 43; coastwise prohibited, 134. Slavery, ancient, how established, 11; Egypt, 12; biblical, 12; in ancient countries, 13; Greece and Rome, 14; modern, how established, 15; in Europe, 16; in New World, 16, 18; Las Casas, 19; Hawkins, 20; beginning of in United States, 22; Lord Mansfield, 27; in early federal government, 28; Jefferson draft of the Declaration of Independence, 29; prohibited in Northwest Territory, 33; in Constitutional Convention, 35; cotton and, 40; Missouri Compromise, 42; the abolitionists, 51; Compromise of 1850, 59; see Lincoln; see Republican Party. Smith, Caleb B., 120, 300. Smith, Charles Emory, 302, 303. Smith, Green Clay, 177. Social Democrats, 1900, 263. Socialist Labor Party, 1892, 239; 1896, 259; 1900, 263. Solid South, 50; in Republican Platform, 1880, 191; 196. Sound Money in Republican Platforms, 204, 249, 267. South Carolina, secedes, 125. Southgate, James H., 258. Spanish American War, 261, 266. Speed, James, 153, 300. Spooner, Senator, 237. "Stalwarts," 196. Stanberry, Henry, 144, 300. Stanton, Edwin M., 134, 143, 300. State Rights, 49. Stephens, Alex H., 125. Stevens, Thaddeus, 123, 144. Stevenson, Adlai E., 238, 282, 283. Stewart, G. T., 177. Stone, A. P., 87. Stone, Wm., 294. Stowe, Harriet B., 71. Streeter, Alson J., 213. Strong, William, 180. Sugar, 249. Sumner, Charles, 93, 94, 97, 121. Sweet, Leonard, 224. Taft, Alphonso, 301. Taft, William H., 262, 288, 289, 303. Tallmadge, 45. Tappan, Lewis, 54. Tariff Bills, 128, 199; Mills, 212; McKinley, 227; Wilson, 242; Dingley, 260. Tariff Commission, 198. Taylor, Zachary, 64. Teller, Henry M., 253, 254, 283, 301. Tenure of Office Bill, 143. Terrill, 224. Texas, 60, 125. Thirteenth Amendment, 134, 141. Thomas, Jacob, 300. Thomas, Jesse B., 47. Thomas, Lorenzo, 148, 300. Thomas, Walter F., 226. Thompson, A. M., 194. Thompson, Jacob, 300. Thompson, Richard, 231. Thompson, Richard W., 150, 237, 301. Thurman, Allan G., 180, 214, 303. Thurston, John M., 215, 246, 255, 256, 273, 294. Tilden, Saml. J., 65, 177. Toucey, Isaac, 300. Towne, Charles A., 263. Townsend, Martin I., 207. Tracy, Benj. F., 302. Tracy, W. W., 294. Trade Dollar, 166. Tribune, New York, 66, 75, 80. Trumbull, Lyman, 108, 159. Trusts condemned by Republicans, 1888, 219, 235, 268, 289. Turner, Henry M., 175. Twelfth Amendment, 295. Tyler, John, 60. Tyner, James N., 301. Uncle Tom's Cabin, 71. Underground Railroad, 70. Union Labor Convention, 1888, 213. Union Pacific, advocated in Republican Platform, 1856, 92, 119, 131, 146, 156. Unit Rule, 175, 186, 187. United Labor Convention, 1888, 213. Usher, John P., 300. Upshur, Secy. of State, 60. Van Buren, Martin, 57, 61, 65. Vance, J. Madison, 255. Vilas, Wm. F., 302. Virginia, secedes, 125. Wade, Benjamin F., 121, 144, 153, 175, 303. Wakefield, W. H. T., 213. Walker, James A., 255. Wanamaker, John, 302 Ward, Marcus L., 150, 293. Warner, 224. Washburne, Elihu B., 175, 192, 193, 301. Washington, Geo., 295. Watson, Thomas E., 258. Weaver, James B., 194, 239. Webster, Daniel, 68. Welles, Gideon, 300. West, A. M., 209. West, Wm. H., 207. Wheeler, William A., 175, 176. Whig Party, 8, 51, 56, 57; incapable of handling slavery question, 59; Abraham Lincoln, a member of, 63; disorganized in 1852, 71; last appearance of, 1856, 95. White, Wm. A., 87, 88. Whitney, Wm. C., 302. Whittier, John G., 54. Wide Awakes, 123. Williams, George A., 301. Williams, Thos., 144. Wilmot, David, 63, 87, 90, 94, 115. Wilmot Proviso, 59, 63. Wilson, Henry, 82, 94, 153, 160. Wilson, James F., 143. Wilson, James, 302, 303. Wilson, Wm. L., 242, 260, 302. Windom, William, 192, 301, 302. Wing, Simon, 239. Winkler, F. C., 192. Winston, P. H., 207. Wolcott, Senator, 237, 264. Woman's Rights, recognized by Republicans, 163, 173, 253. Woodford, Stewart L., 176. Woodmansee, D. D., 294. Wool, 204, 218, 249. Wooley, John G., 263. Worcester, Dean C., 262. Workingmen's National Convention, 164. Wright, Luke E., 262, 289. Yerkes, John W., 273. Young, Lafe, 273.

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Transcriber's Note

Some words which appear to be typos are printed thus in the original book. A list of these possible misprints (along with suggested corrections) follows: