CHAPTER I.--THE SPIRITUAL FRANCISCANS.

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Dissensions in the Franciscan Order from Elias to John of Parma 1

Joachim of Flora.--His Reputation as a Prophet 10

His Apocalyptic Speculations as to the Third Era 14

Adopted by the Spiritual Franciscans 18

The Everlasting Gospel.--Its Condemnation 20

The Spirituals Compromised.--John of Parma Removed 23

Persistence of the Joachites 25

Increasing Strife over Poverty 27

Bull _Exiit qui seminat_ 30

Persecution of Italian Spirituals 32

The French Spirituals.--Jean Pierre Olivi 42

Arnaldo de Vilanova 52

Disputation before Clement V.--Decision of Council of Vienne 57

Renewed Persecution of the Spirituals 61

Commencement of Rebellion.--Dissensions among Them 62

Election of John XXII.--His Character 66

He Enforces Obedience and Creates a Heresy 69

Bloody Persecution of the Olivists 73

They Form a New Church 79

Their Fanaticism.--Naprous Boneta 81

Suppression of the Sect.--Its Career in Aragon 84

Jean de la Rochetaillade.--Remains of Joachitism 86