CHAPTER I

The _Leloaren Cantua_ and _Altobiskar Cantua_ are given, with English renderings, in Mr. Wentworth Webster's admirable _Basque Legends_ (1879); an exposure of the _Altobiskar_ hoax by the same great authority is printed in the Academy of History's _Boletín_ (1883). Rafael and Pedro Rodríguez Mohedano display much discursive, uncritical erudition in their ten-volumed _Historia literaria en España_ (1768-85), which deals only with the early period. A recent study (1888) on Prudentius by the Conde de Viñaza deserves mention. Migne's _Patrologia Latina_ includes the chief Spanish Fathers. In the fourth volume of Charles Cahier's and Arthur Martin's _Nouveaux Mélanges d'archéologie, d'histoire, et de littérature sur le moyen âge_ (1877) there is a brilliant essay on the Gothic period by the Rev. Père Jules Tailhan, to whom we also owe a splendid edition of the Rhymed Chronicle, the _Epitoma Imperatorum_ (Paris, 1885), by the Anonymous Writer of Córdoba.

For the Spanish Jews, Hirsch Grätz' _Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart_ (Leipzig, 1865-90) is the best guide. Salomon Munk's _Mélanges de philosophie juive et arabe_ (1857) is not yet superseded, and Abraham Geiger's _Divan des Castilier Abu'l Hassan Juda ha Levi_ (Breslau, 1851) contains information not to be found elsewhere. M. Kayserling's _Biblioteca Española—Portugeza—Judaica_ (Strassburg, 1890) is extremely valuable.

Two works by Reinhart Pieter Anne Dozy are authoritative as regards the Arab period: the _Histoire des Mussulmans d'Espagne_ (Leyde, 1861), and the _Recherches sur l'histoire politique et littéraire de l'Espagne pendant le moyen âge_ (1881). The first edition of the _Recherches_ (Leyde, 1849) embodies many suggestive passages cancelled in the reprints. Schack's _Poesie und Kunst der Araber in Spanien und Sicilien_ (Stuttgart, 1877) is a good general survey, a little too enthusiastic in tone; it greatly gains in the Castilian version, made from the first edition, by D. Juan Valera (1867-71). Nicolas Lucien Leclerc's _Histoire de la médecine arabe_ (1876) is of much wider scope than its title implies, and may be profitably consulted on Arab achievements in other fields. Francisco Javier Simonet states the case against the predominance of Arab culture in the preface to his _Glosario de voces ibéricas y latinas usadas entre los Muzárabes_ (1888). D. Julián Ribera's learned _Orígenes de la justicia en Aragón_ (Zaragoza, 1897) deals with the facts in a more judicial spirit. Of special monographs Ernest Renan's _Averroès et l'Averroïsme_ (1866) is a recognised classic. The greater part of the codex from the Convent of Santo Domingo de Silos, now in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 30,853), has been published by Dr. Joseph Priebsch in the _Zeitschrift_, vol. xix.

As regards the Provençal influence in the Peninsula, Manuel Milá y Fontanals' _Trovadores en España_ (Barcelona, 1887) is a definitive work. Eugène Baret's _Espagne et Provence_ (1857) is pleasing but superficial. Theophilo Braga's learned introduction to the _Cancioneiro Portuguez da Vaticana_ (Lisbon, 1878) is brilliantly suggestive, though inaccurate in detail. The counter-current from Northern France, as it affects the epic, is treated in Milá y Fontanals' _Poesía heróico-popular castellana_ (Barcelona, 1874).