Book v.

Footnote 575:

Macrob. Saturn. v. 13.

Footnote 576:

Saturn. vi. 1, 2, 3.

Footnote 577:

Compare De Nat. Rer. ii. 24; vi. 136, 1143–1224; with Georg. ii. 461, 467, &c.; iii. 478, 505, 509, &c.

Footnote 578:

Iliad, Ζ. 506; Æn. xi. 492.

Footnote 579:

Spence’s Anecdotes.

Footnote 580:

See, on this subject, Dunlop’s Hist. iii. 151.

Footnote 581:

See Clarke’s Homer, Il. iii. 363, note.

Footnote 582:

H. N. xxxv. 10.

Footnote 583:

Lect. cvi. on R. H.

Footnote 584:

Introd. Lect. iv.

Footnote 585:

Serv. ad Æn. i. 98; ii. 797; iii. 10.

Footnote 586:

Meyer, Anthol. 85, 93, &c.

Footnote 587:

Od. IV. iii. 23.

Footnote 588:

De Off. i. 42.

Footnote 589:

Sat. I. vi. 86.

Footnote 590:

Ibid. I. vi. 71.

Footnote 591:

Od. III. xxx. 10.

Footnote 592:

Ibid. IV. ix. 2.

Footnote 593:

Od. III. iv. 9.

Footnote 594:

Sat. I. vi. 71.

Footnote 595:

See _ex. gr._ Ep. II. 41; Od. III. vi. 37; Sat. II. ii. 112.

Footnote 596:

Ep. II. i. 70.

Footnote 597:

Ibid. ii. 41.

Footnote 598:

Sat. I. vi. 76.

Footnote 599:

Sat. I. vi.

Footnote 600:

Ibid. vi.

Footnote 601:

Ibid. iv. 103.

Footnote 602:

Ep. II. ii. 43.

Footnote 603:

Sat. I. vi.

Footnote 604:

Od. II. vii.

Footnote 605:

Ep. II. ii. 49.

Footnote 606:

Suet. in Vita.

Footnote 607:

Ep. II. xiv. 17.

Footnote 608:

Sat. I. vi. 114.

Footnote 609:

Ep. II. ii. 51.

Footnote 610:

Sat. I. vi.

Footnote 611:

B. C. 41.

Footnote 612:

Sat. I. v. 39.

Footnote 613:

Ibid. vi. 55.

Footnote 614:

Sat. I. v.

Footnote 615:

According to Bentley, he composed them in the twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, and twenty-eighth years of his age; according to Clinton, in the twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, and twenty-seventh.

Footnote 616:

_Ex. gr._ viii. xi. xii.

Footnote 617:

See Od. I. 16, 22.

Footnote 618:

Sat. II. vi. 1.

Footnote 619:

Ibid. 8.

Footnote 620:

Ibid. 10.

Footnote 621:

Ibid. vi. 33.

Footnote 622:

Ibid. 38.

Footnote 623:

Ibid. 47.

Footnote 624:

Ep. I. 18.

Footnote 625:

Sat. II. vi. 62.

Footnote 626:

Ibid. vi. 61.

Footnote 627:

Ibid. iii. 11.

Footnote 628:

Ep. I. iv. 15; xx. 24; Suet. V. H.

Footnote 629:

Ep. I. xiv.; Od. I. xvii.

Footnote 630:

Sat. II. vi. 65.

Footnote 631:

Od. III. 4.

Footnote 632:

Sat. II. i. 45.

Footnote 633:

Clinton, Fasti: B. C. 35, 34, 33.

Footnote 634:

Sat. II. vi.

Footnote 635:

B. C. 31.

Footnote 636:

_Ex. gr._ ix. xvi.

Footnote 637:

See Ep. VII. ix.

Footnote 638:

B. C. 29.

Footnote 639:

Clinton, F. H.

Footnote 640:

Lib. iii. 30.

Footnote 641:

Lib. iii. 29.

Footnote 642:

Ep. I. i. 1–10.

Footnote 643:

See Vit. Hor. Suet.

Footnote 644:

Ep. I. xx.

Footnote 645:

Suet. Ep. Aug. in Vita.

Footnote 646:

Ep. I. vii. 26; 3.

Footnote 647:

Ep. I. xx.

Footnote 648:

Od. II. iv. 22.

Footnote 649:

This feud continued until the time of Persius. (See Sat I. 141, and Gifford’s note.)

Footnote 650:

See De Chaupy, Eustace, Milman, &c.

Footnote 651:

Od. III. 13.

Footnote 652:

Découverte de la Maison d’Horace, tom. iii. p. 364.

Footnote 653:

Illust. to Childe Harold, p. 42.

Footnote 654:

Hist. of Rom. Lit. iii. 213.

Footnote 655:

Od. I. vii. 29.

Footnote 656:

See Milman’s Hor. p. 97.

Footnote 657:

Ep. I. xvi. 5. See also Eustace’s Class. Tour.

Footnote 658:

Ep. I. xviii. 105.

Footnote 659:

Ep. I. xiv. 2.

Footnote 660:

Ep. I. xiv. 23.

Footnote 661:

See also Pope’s imitation of this passage, Essay on Satire, part iii.

Footnote 662:

See Persius, Sat. I. 114.

Footnote 663:

Sat. I. 8.

Footnote 664:

Ibid. 9.

Footnote 665:

Ibid. v.

Footnote 666:

Sat. II. vi.

Footnote 667:

Sat. I. vi.

Footnote 668:

Ibid. vii.

Footnote 669:

Sat. II. iv.

Footnote 670:

Sat. I. 1.

Footnote 671:

Ibid. 2.

Footnote 672:

Ibid. 3.

Footnote 673:

See Prof. Anthon’s Horace, Donaldson’s Pindar, &c.

Footnote 674:

Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 114, 115.

Footnote 675:

Hom. Od. I. i.

Footnote 676:

Od. IV. ii.

Footnote 677:

Lib. lii. 14, &c.

Footnote 678:

B. C. 40

Footnote 679:

Tac. Ann. vi. ii.

Footnote 680:

B. C. 31.

Footnote 681:

Annal. iii. 30.

Footnote 682:

Hor. Sat. i. 8, 7.

Footnote 683:

Mart. viii. 56.

Footnote 684:

Plin. vii. 51; Hor. C. ii. 17.

Footnote 685:

Sen. de Prov. iii. 9.

Footnote 686:

Suet. 26.

Footnote 687:

Lib. ix. 4, 28.

Footnote 688:

The three passages quoted by Quintilian show a wanton awkwardness in arrangement almost inconceivable:—

Sole et Aurora rubent plurima Inter sacra movit aqua fraxinos: Ne exequias quidem unus inter miserrimos Viderem meas.

The last of these he considers especially offensive, because he seems to be trifling with a melancholy subject.

Footnote 689:

Sen. Ep. 114.

Footnote 690:

Tac. Ann. i. 54.

Footnote 691:

Epp. iv. 14; vii. 4.

Footnote 692:

Sat. I. x.; Od. ii. 9.

Footnote 693:

Weichert, Poet. Lat. Rell.

Footnote 694:

Lib. iii. i. 18.

Footnote 695:

Ep. xli. i.

Footnote 696:

H. N. xxv. 2.

Footnote 697:

Tib. Op. iv. i. 180.

Footnote 698:

Sat. I. x. 44.

Footnote 699:

Ep. i. 16. See Schol.

Footnote 700:

Meyer’s Anthol.

Footnote 701:

Ecl. vi. 64.

Footnote 702:

Cic. ad Fam. x. 32.

Footnote 703:

Dion Cass. liii. 23.

Footnote 704:

Trist. iv. 10, 5.

Footnote 705:

Lib. x. i. 93; i. 5, 8.

Footnote 706:

See Hor. Od. i. 33; Ep. i. 4.

Footnote 707:

El. i.

Footnote 708:

El. i. and iv.

Footnote 709:

El. i.

Footnote 710:

Nieb. Lect. cvii.

Footnote 711:

Amorum iii. 9.

Footnote 712:

Od. iv. 1, 3, 4, 13; Ep. i. 7, 27, 14, 33.

Footnote 713:

Sat. I. ii.

Footnote 714:

Sat. II. viii.

Footnote 715:

Apol. p. 279.

Footnote 716:

Lect. on R. H. 107.

Footnote 717:

Meyer’s Anthol. Vet. Lat. Ep. No. 122.

Footnote 718:

B. C. 45; A. U. C. 709.

Footnote 719:

Schol. in Propert.

Footnote 720:

Clinton.

Footnote 721:

Niebuhr.

Footnote 722:

Trist. iv. 10, 45.

Footnote 723:

Prop. IV. i. 128, and ii. 25.

Footnote 724:

Ibid. IV. i.

Footnote 725:

Ibid. II. xiv. 15–18.

Footnote 726:

Ibid. I. 1, 2; x. ii. 16.

Footnote 727:

Ibid. I. ii. 27.

Footnote 728:

Ibid. II. iii. 17.

Footnote 729:

Prop. IV. i. 63.

Footnote 730:

Inst. Orat. x. 1.

Footnote 731:

Trist. IV. x. 33.

Footnote 732:

Trist. iv. 10.

Footnote 733:

See Cic. Brut. 446.

Footnote 734:

Metam. xiii.

Footnote 735:

Controv. ii. 10.

Footnote 736:

See distinction between these in ch. viii.

Footnote 737:

Amor. II. xi. 10.

Footnote 738:

Ep. ex Ponto, ii. 10.

Footnote 739:

Trist. IV. x. 100.

Footnote 740:

Ibid. IV. x. 90, and III. i. 52.

Footnote 741:

Ibid. I. ii. 107.

Footnote 742:

Ibid. iv. 10, 101; Ep. ex Pont. p. ii. vii.

Footnote 743:

See Class. Museum, iv. 13.

Footnote 744:

Hist. Abreg. de la Lit. Rom.

Footnote 745:

Trist. III. i. 65.

Footnote 746:

Ex Ponto, IV. ix. 82.

Footnote 747:

Trist. I. iii.

Footnote 748:

Ibid. V. ii.

Footnote 749:

Ex Pont. IV. ix. 97.

Footnote 750:

See II. xviii. 19.

Footnote 751:

Rem. Am. 43.

Footnote 752:

Trist. i. vi. 30.

Footnote 753:

Metam. ii. i.

Footnote 754:

Ibid. i. 89.

Footnote 755:

Ibid. iv. 55.

Footnote 756:

Ibid. viii. 628.

Footnote 757:

Ibid. iii. 407.

Footnote 758:

Ibid. xi. 592.

Footnote 759:

Ibid. viii. 152.

Footnote 760:

Ibid. vii. 661.

Footnote 761:

Ibid. vii. 11.

Footnote 762:

Trist. ii. v. 549.

Footnote 763:

Hor. Od. I. 33.

Footnote 764:

Lib. iii. 7.

Footnote 765:

Ar. Am. iii. 205.

Footnote 766:

Plin. H. N. xxxii. 54.

Footnote 767:

In. Or. x. 98.

Footnote 768:

Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 33.

Footnote 769:

See Bernhardy, Gr. 440.

Footnote 770:

Bern. 409.

Footnote 771:

Quint. x. 1.

Footnote 772:

Ibid. iv. 16, 6.

Footnote 773:

Ep. ii. 77.

Footnote 774:

Ann. ii. 23; Suasor. I.

Footnote 775:

Ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.

Footnote 776:

Amor. ii. 18, 27.

Footnote 777:

Bernhardy, 451.

Footnote 778:

Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.

Footnote 779:

Smith’s Dict. Glaser im Rhein. Mus. N. F. i. 437.

Footnote 780:

Lib. i. 798–897; iv. 763.

Footnote 781:

Hor. Od. I. xxxi.

Footnote 782:

Cicero, notwithstanding his opposite politics, admired Marius, to whom he was distantly related, and thought it an honour to have been born near Arpinum. He quotes a saying of Pompey’s (Cic. de Leg. ii. 3,) that Arpinum had produced two citizens who had preserved Italy. Valerius Maximus thinks that Arpinum, in this respect, enjoyed a singular privilege:—Conspicuæ felicitatis Arpinum unicum, sive litterarum gloriosissimum contemptorem, sive abundantissimum fontem intueri velis.

Footnote 783:

De Orat. ii. 1.

Footnote 784:

Brut. 56.

Footnote 785:

Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 66.

Footnote 786:

B. C. 89.

Footnote 787:

Pro Quint. B. C. 81.

Footnote 788:

B. C. 79.

Footnote 789:

De Fin. 5, 1.

Footnote 790:

B. C. 77.

Footnote 791:

B. C. 76; æt. 31.

Footnote 792:

T. Q. v. 3.

Footnote 793:

B. C. 74.

Footnote 794:

B. C. 69.

Footnote 795:

In Pis. iii.; ad Fam. v. 2.

Footnote 796:

B. C. 61.

Footnote 797:

B. C. 58.

Footnote 798:

Ad Att. x. 4.

Footnote 799:

Ad Fam. x. iv. 4; ad Att. iii. 13.

Footnote 800:

Pro Planco, 26.

Footnote 801:

In Pis. xxii.; Post red. xv.

Footnote 802:

B. C. 53.

Footnote 803:

Att. ii. 5.

Footnote 804:

Niebuhr.

Footnote 805:

See Letters to Att. _passim_.

Footnote 806:

B. C. 46.

Footnote 807:

B. C. 43.

Footnote 808:

He wrote during that year the _De Officiis_, _De Divinatione_, _De Fato_, _Topica_, and the lost treatise _De Gloria_, besides a vast number of Letters.

Footnote 809:

Pro Muræna, 3.

Footnote 810:

_De Leg._, introduction.

Footnote 811:

Poverty and barrenness were most probably instrumental in producing the diffuseness and exuberance of the Asiatic and Rhodian schools. Their literature and philosophy were deficient in matter, and they sought to hide this defect by the external ornaments of language. For a long time Athens, strong in her pure classic taste, successfully resisted this influence; and in the time of Cicero the tastes of the two schools were in direct opposition. But the flowers of rhetoric are captivating: another generation saw the supremacy of rhetoric at Rome; and the days of Petronius Arbiter (Satyr. book ii.) witnessed the migration of Asiatic taste to Athens.

Footnote 812:

Cicero tells us (de Orat. i. 57, 58) that Galba, Antony, and Sulpicius were ignorant of jurisprudence; that the chief requisites were elegance, wit, pathos, &c. For legal knowledge they trusted to jurisconsults. In the oration _pro Muræna_, even he himself sneers at a technical knowledge of law.

Footnote 813:

Delivered B. C. 81.

Footnote 814:

B. C. 80.

Footnote 815:

De Orat.

Footnote 816:

B. C. 70.

Footnote 817:

B. C. 69.

Footnote 818:

B. C. 66.

Footnote 819:

Belles Lettres, Lect. xxviii.

Footnote 820:

B. C. 61.

Footnote 821:

Schröter. Leips. 1818.

Footnote 822:

B. C. 56.

Footnote 823:

B. C. 55.

Footnote 824:

Born about B. C. 2.

Footnote 825:

B. C. 56.

Footnote 826:

Phil. ii.

Footnote 827:

Phil. i.; B. C. 44.

Footnote 828:

De Orat. i. 2.

Footnote 829:

For the arguments on this point see Smith’s Dict. i. 726.

Footnote 830:

B. C. 55, 46, 45.

Footnote 831:

B. C. 47.

Footnote 832:

B. C. 46.

Footnote 833:

B. C. 45.

Footnote 834:

Tusc. i. 3. See also ii. 2.

Footnote 835:

De Off. i. 1.

Footnote 836:

De Div. II. ii.

Footnote 837:

De Fin. iii. 2.

Footnote 838:

Epist. iv. 18.

Footnote 839:

Ibid. lviii.

Footnote 840:

_Ex. gr._ De Div. ii. 1; Brut. 93.

Footnote 841:

See also T. D. ii. 4; x. b. v. ii.

Footnote 842:

A. U. C. 592; Gell. N. A. xv. 2.

Footnote 843:

Cic. de Or. ii. 37.

Footnote 844:

Tusc. iv. 3.

Footnote 845:

Ritter, H. of Ph. vol. iv. xii. 2, note.

Footnote 846:

Tusc. iv. 3.

Footnote 847:

Ac. Post. I. 2.

Footnote 848:

De Rep. i. 18, 19.

Footnote 849:

De Off. i. 43.

Footnote 850:

De Off. i. 43.

Footnote 851:

De Fin. iv. 9.

Footnote 852:

Tusc. i. 27, 28.

Footnote 853:

De Leg. ii. 13.

Footnote 854:

De Sen. 21.

Footnote 855:

B. C. 45.

Footnote 856:

B. C. 54.

Footnote 857:

Lib. i. 26, 35, 45; ii. 23.

Footnote 858:

Ethics.

Footnote 859:

Lib. i. 27, 28; ii. 39.

Footnote 860:

Lib. i. 29, 35, 45.

Footnote 861:

See Tac. Annal. I.

Footnote 862:

See Meyer’s Anthol. 67.

Footnote 863:

Hor. Od. ii. 1.

Footnote 864:

Hieron. in Eus. Ch.

Footnote 865:

Catull. xii. 1.

Footnote 866:

B. C. 39.

Footnote 867:

Tac. Ann. i. 12.

Footnote 868:

Plin. Ep. vii. 4; Suet. Cl. 41.

Footnote 869:

Sat. I. x.; Carm. ii. 1.

Footnote 870:

Ecl. iii. 86; viii.

Footnote 871:

Dial. de Orat. 21.

Footnote 872:

Lib. x. i. 113.

Footnote 873:

Ad. Fam. x. 31, 32, 33.

Footnote 874:

Lect. R. H. cvi.

Footnote 875:

Plin. H. N. vii. 3; xxxv. 2.

Footnote 876:

See Exc. in Delph. Cic.

Footnote 877:

B. C. 116.

Footnote 878:

Cic. Brut. i. 56.

Footnote 879:

Cic. Acad. iii. 12.

Footnote 880:

Cic. Phil. ii. 18.

Footnote 881:

Cæs. B. G. i. 38; ii. 17.

Footnote 882:

Cic. ad Fam. ix. 13.

Footnote 883:

B. C. 43.

Footnote 884:

Plin. N. H. xxix. 4.

Footnote 885:

Quint. x. i. 95.

Footnote 886:

See Meyer’s Anthol. 78.

Footnote 887:

Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 34–51.

Footnote 888:

See ad Att. i. 3, 5, 10, 11, 14.

Footnote 889:

B. C. 60.

Footnote 890:

Ad Fam. v. 12; xv. 21, 6.

Footnote 891:

Ad Att. ix. 1.

Footnote 892:

Consul, B. C. 74.

Footnote 893:

Ad Att. i. 19.

Footnote 894:

Cio. pro Arch.

Footnote 895:

Cic. Brut. 62.

Footnote 896:

Ad Att. i. 19; Liv. iv. 23; x. 9.

Footnote 897:

Hieron. Chron. Euseb.

Footnote 898:

Præf. Epigr. i. 3.

Footnote 899:

Gell. xv. 28.

Footnote 900:

Cic. ad Att. xvi. 5.

Footnote 901:

Lib. xvii. 21, 3.

Footnote 902:

Lib. i. 3.

Footnote 903:

A. Gell. vii. 18; xxi. 8.

Footnote 904:

Ibid. xv. 28.

Footnote 905:

Lactant. Inst. Div. iii. 15.

Footnote 906:

C. Nep. Vit. Dion. 3.

Footnote 907:

B. C. 80.

Footnote 908:

Suet. Cæs. 4; Cic. Att. ii. 1.

Footnote 909:

Brut. 91.

Footnote 910:

B. C. 81.

Footnote 911:

B. C. 70.

Footnote 912:

B. C. 62.

Footnote 913:

Germ. 28.

Footnote 914:

Annal. xiii. 3.

Footnote 915:

Suet. v. Jul. 55.

Footnote 916:

See Macr. Sat. i. 16.

Footnote 917:

Ibid.

Footnote 918:

B. C. 46.

Footnote 919:

B. C. 61.

Footnote 920:

Suet. V. Jul. 44.

Footnote 921:

A. Gell. i. 22.

Footnote 922:

Merivale’s H. of R. ii. 422.

Footnote 923:

Suet. 44; Plin. H. N. vii. 31.

Footnote 924:

Cic. Brut. 72; Tac. Ann. xiii. 3; Quint. x. i. 114.

Footnote 925:

Meyer, Fr. Or. Rom. p. 404.

Footnote 926:

Nieb. Lect. R. H. xcv.

Footnote 927:

See Dodwell’s Dissert. in Cæs. Ed. Var.

Footnote 928:

The friendship which existed between these great men furnishes an anecdote (Suet. V. J. C. 72) characteristic of the most amiable feature in Cæsar’s character, his devoted and hearty attachment to those whom he loved. Once, when they were journeying together, they reached a cottage, in which only one room was to be procured; Oppius was ill, and Cæsar gave up the room to his sick friend, whilst he bivouacked in the open air.

Footnote 929:

Lect. R. H. xcv.

Footnote 930:

See Niebuhr, Lect. R. H.

Footnote 931:

Smith’s Dict. in loco.

Footnote 932:

Brut. 71, 72, 75.

Footnote 933:

Præf. to book viii.

Footnote 934:

Suet. 56.

Footnote 935:

Juv. vi. 338; Suet. 56; Gell. iv. 16; Cic. Div. ii. 9.

Footnote 936:

Ad Att. xii. 40, 41, 44, 45; xiii. 37, 40, 48, 50.

Footnote 937:

Cic. Brut. 72.

Footnote 938:

See Nieb. L. R. H. xcv.; Suet. 66; Cic. ad Fam. ix. 16.

Footnote 939:

Meyer’s Lat. Anthol. 68, 69, 70.

Footnote 940:

A. Gellius tells us (xvii. 9) that he was the author of Letters to Oppius, written in cipher, of which he gives the following interesting description:—“Erat conventum inter eos clandestinum de commutando situ literarum ut inscriptio quidem alia alius locum et nomen teneret sed in legendo locus cuique suus et potestas restitueretur.” Suetonius (Vit. Cæs. 56) describes in the same way the nature of the cipher which he used, and illustrates it by saying that he used to put _d_ for _a_, and so forth.

Footnote 941:

Matth. H. L.

Footnote 942:

Heind. on Hor. Sat. p. 40.

Footnote 943:

Dion. Cas. xi. 63.

Footnote 944:

Macrob. Saturn. ii. 9.

Footnote 945:

Dion. xliii. 9.

Footnote 946:

Jug. c. 30.

Footnote 947:

Cat. iv.

Footnote 948:

Bel. Cat. vii.

Footnote 949:

De Leg. i. 2; Brut. 64.

Footnote 950:

B. C. 66.

Footnote 951:

Lect. R. H. lxxxviii.

Footnote 952:

B. C. 63.

Footnote 953:

Cat. vii.

Footnote 954:

Quint. I. O. x. 1.

Footnote 955:

Ep. cxiv.

Footnote 956:

Justin, xliii. 5.

Footnote 957:

Born B. C. 378.

Footnote 958:

Ep. I. 62.

Footnote 959:

Tac. Ann. iv. 34.

Footnote 960:

Quint. x. i. 39.

Footnote 961:

Suet. V. Cl. 41.

Footnote 962:

Ep. II. 3.

Footnote 963:

Nisard, ii. 405.

Footnote 964:

Lib. xliii. 13.

Footnote 965:

B. C. 9.

Footnote 966:

See Smith’s Biog. ii. 791.

Footnote 967:

_Viz._, 136 and 137.

Footnote 968:

Sen. Suasor. 100.

Footnote 969:

Euseb. Chron.

Footnote 970:

Sen. Proem. to Controv. V.

Footnote 971:

Inst. Or. x. 1.

Footnote 972:

See Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 39, and Tac. Hist. iii. 72.

Footnote 973:

See i. 50; iv. 35; vi. 27.

Footnote 974:

Augustus, according to Tacitus, (Ann. iv. 3,) thought Livy so violent a Pompeian that he once forbade one of his grandsons to read his history.

Footnote 975:

Cic. Or. ii. 12; Quint. x. 2, 7; Serv. in Æn. i. 373.

Footnote 976:

See Arnold’s Hist. of Rome.

Footnote 977:

Lib. x. 38; iv. 7, 23.

Footnote 978:

Vesp. 8. See also Tac. Hist. iii. 71.

Footnote 979:

Or. i. 43.

Footnote 980:

Com. de Font. Hist. Liv.

Footnote 981:

_Vide_ Niebuhr (Lect. on Rom. Lit. vii.,) who takes the opposite view.

Footnote 982:

Lib. ii. 21; iv. 7; vi. 1.

Footnote 983:

Val. Max. i. 7; ad Att. xiii. 8.

Footnote 984:

V. Hann. 22. Cornelius Nepos says that the Alpis Graia derived its name from Hercules having passed by that route. Probably the real derivation of the epithet is the root of the German “Grau.”

Footnote 985:

Bell. Gall. i. 11.

Footnote 986:

R. L. Lect. viii.

Footnote 987:

Lib. ii. 56, 10.

Footnote 988:

Quint. x. i. 101.

Footnote 989:

Lib. x. i. 101.

Footnote 990:

Lib. viii. i. 1, 5, 56.

Footnote 991:

Provincialism is not an accurate term; for the worst Latin was spoken in Italy, whilst the only Latin spoken in the provinces or conquered dependencies was as polished as that of the capital.

Footnote 992:

Lect. R. L. viii.

Footnote 993:

Orell. Ins. Lat. 4145.

Footnote 994:

See Smith’s Dict. of Biogr. sub. v.

Footnote 995:

Lib. vi. Præf. and Vita Vitr. ed. Bipont.

Footnote 996:

Lib. vi. Præf. and Vita Vitr. ed. Bipont.

Footnote 997:

Lib. ii. 6.

Footnote 998:

Life and Trans. of Vitr. 1791.

Footnote 999:

See his Preface.

Footnote 1000:

Lib. i.

Footnote 1001:

Lib. ii.

Footnote 1002:

Lib. iii. and iv.

Footnote 1003:

Lib. v.

Footnote 1004:

Lib. vi.

Footnote 1005:

Lib. vii.

Footnote 1006:

Lib. viii.

Footnote 1007:

Lib. ix.

Footnote 1008:

Lib. x.

Footnote 1009:

See Philolog. Museum, vol. i. p. 536.

Footnote 1010:

Lib. v. i. 13.

Footnote 1011:

A. D. 14.

Footnote 1012:

Prol. lib. i.

Footnote 1013:

Prol. lib. iii.

Footnote 1014:

Lib. iii. 20.

Footnote 1015:

Cons. ad Polybium, 27.

Footnote 1016:

Prol. lib. iii.

Footnote 1017:

Lib. iii. 40.

Footnote 1018:

Lib. ii. 7.

Footnote 1019:

Lib. v. 4.

Footnote 1020:

Lib. i. 15.

Footnote 1021:

See Nisard, Etudes sur les Poëtes Latins, tom. i. 9.

Footnote 1022:

Dion. Cass. lviii. 19.

Footnote 1023:

Tac. Ann. vi. 38.

Footnote 1024:

Hæc Tiberius non mari, ut olim, divisus, neque per longinquos nuntios accipiebat, sed urbem juxta; eodem ut die, vel noctis interjectu, literis consulum rescriberet; quasi aspiciens undantem per domos sanguinem, aut manus carnificum.—_Tac. Ann._ vi. 39.

Footnote 1025:

Lib. i. 6.

Footnote 1026:

Suet. Vit. Claud. 27.

Footnote 1027:

A. D. 23.

Footnote 1028:

Tac. Ann. I. i.

Footnote 1029:

_Vide_ Suet. Vit. Calig. 27.

Footnote 1030:

Suet. Claud. 42.

Footnote 1031:

Lib. iv. 6.

Footnote 1032:

See lib. i. 2, 9; ii. 7, 8; iii. 6, 9.

Footnote 1033:

Ecl. viii. 10.

Footnote 1034:

Tac. Ann. xiv. 52.

Footnote 1035:

Inst. Or. ix. 2, 9.

Footnote 1036:

Annal. xiv.

Footnote 1037:

Epist. v.

Footnote 1038:

Lib. i. Ep. 6.

Footnote 1039:

Bernhardy, Grund. p. 373.

Footnote 1040:

A. D. 472.

Footnote 1041:

Nisard, Etudes, tom. i. 88, _et seq._

Footnote 1042:

Tac. Ann. xv. 63.

Footnote 1043:

See Nisard.

Footnote 1044:

lxxxvi.

Footnote 1045:

liv.

Footnote 1046:

v. 156.

Footnote 1047:

v. 393.

Footnote 1048:

Of the closeness with which Seneca imitated the Greek tragic poets, the two following passages will serve as specimens:—

Animam senilem mollis exsolvit sopor. _Œdip._ 788.

Σμικρὰ παλαιὰ σώματ’ εὐνάζει ῥοπή.

Quis eluet me Tanais. _Hippolyt._ 715.

Οἴμαι γαρ οὐτ’ ἂν Ἴστρον, οὔτε Φᾶσιν ἂν νίψαι καθαρμῷ.... _Œd. Tyr._ 1227.

Footnote 1049:

Juv. vi. 451; vii. 219.

Footnote 1050:

Suet. Pers. Vit.

Footnote 1051:

De Illust. Gram. 23.

Footnote 1052:

Ruperti in Juv. vii.

Footnote 1053:

Sat. iii. 44.

Footnote 1054:

Quint. I. O. ii. 7; x. 5.

Footnote 1055:

Quintilian (I. O. x. 96) pronounces the lyric poetry of Bassus inferior only to that of Horace; but only two lines of his poems are extant. He was destroyed by the same eruption in which Pliny the elder perished.

Footnote 1056:

Tac. Ann. xvi. 21.

Footnote 1057:

Sat. i. 12.

Footnote 1058:

Lib. x. 1.

Footnote 1059:

Trans. of Juv. and Pers. vol. i. p. lxvii. Introd.

Footnote 1060:

See Spect. No. 207.

Footnote 1061:

Sat. ii. 71.

Footnote 1062:

Sat. iii. 98.

Footnote 1063:

De Civ. Dei, v.

Footnote 1064:

Sat. iii. 35.

Footnote 1065:

See especially ver. 61.

Footnote 1066:

See this argument quoted by Gifford, ii. xlvii., from H. Frere, v. 14.

Footnote 1067:

Sat. v. 14.

Footnote 1068:

Sat. I. vi. 5.

Footnote 1069:

Ibid. i. 118.

Footnote 1070:

A. P. 102.

Footnote 1071:

Sat. i. 91.

Footnote 1072:

Ibid. II. vii. 87.

Footnote 1073:

Ibid. i. 65.

Footnote 1074:

Sat. II. vi. 10.

Footnote 1075:

Ibid. ii. 10.

Footnote 1076:

Ep. II. ii. 4.

Footnote 1077:

Sat. iv. 12.

Footnote 1078:

Ep. II. i. 80.

Footnote 1079:

Sat. v. 10, 3.

Footnote 1080:

Ibid. vii. 82.

Footnote 1081:

Sat. i. 2–13.

Footnote 1082:

Ibid. iii. 9.

Footnote 1083:

Ibid. vii. 90, 91.

Footnote 1084:

Ibid. iii. 319.

Footnote 1085:

Sat. iii. 137, 148.

Footnote 1086:

Sat. ii. 1.

Footnote 1087:

Ibid. i. and v.

Footnote 1088:

Ibid. ii.

Footnote 1089:

Tac. Ann. xv. 38. See also Juv. S. ii.

Footnote 1090:

Sat. vi.

Footnote 1091:

Nisard, vol. i. 461.

Footnote 1092:

Sat. vii.

Footnote 1093:

Sat. x. _sub fin._

Footnote 1094:

Ibid. iii. and x.

Footnote 1095:

Ibid. x. 56–67.

Footnote 1096:

The authorities from which we derive our knowledge of the inner life and social habits and affections of the Romans are:—(1.) Ancient monuments. (2.) Cicero’s speeches and letters; Horace and the elegiac poets. (3.) The later classic poets, such as Juvenal, Martial, Statius. (4.) Gellius, Petronius, Seneca, Suetonius, the two Plinys. (5.) The grammarians. (6.) Greek authors, such as Plutarch, Lucian, Athenæus, &c. See, on this subject, Bekker’s Gallus—Preface.

Footnote 1097:

Ch. viii. v. 12.

Footnote 1098:

Suet. V. Neron. 12.

Footnote 1099:

Tac. Ann. xv. 49.

Footnote 1100:

Tac. Ann. xv. 48.

Footnote 1101:

Ibid. 57.

Footnote 1102:

Ibid. iii. 635, or v. 811.

Footnote 1103:

Ep. i. 61.

Footnote 1104:

x. i. 90.

Footnote 1105:

Lib. iii.

Footnote 1106:

_E. g._ v. 165.

Footnote 1107:

Lib. vii. 63.

Footnote 1108:

See also iv. 14; vi. 64; viii. 66; ix. 86; xi. 49–51.

Footnote 1109:

Strabo, Geog. v. 167.

Footnote 1110:

See notes to Plin. Ep. ed. Var.

Footnote 1111:

Mart. Ep. viii. 66.

Footnote 1112:

Suet. v. Octav. 101.

Footnote 1113:

Ep. iii. 7.

Footnote 1114:

Nero and Vitellius.

Footnote 1115:

Introd. Lect. on R. H. viii.

Footnote 1116:

Lib. i. 62, 77.

Footnote 1117:

Inst. Orat. x. i. 90.

Footnote 1118:

A. D. 39.

Footnote 1119:

Silv. v. iii.

Footnote 1120:

A. D. 86.

Footnote 1121:

Juv. vii. 82.

Footnote 1122:

Silv. iv. 2.

Footnote 1123:

Lib. vii. 82.

Footnote 1124:

_Vide_ Vita Gyraldi, Dial. iv. de Poet. Lat.

Footnote 1125:

Lib. I. i. 3, 5.

Footnote 1126:

Lib. ii. 2.

Footnote 1127:

Ibid. ii. 7.

Footnote 1128:

Ibid. i. 2.

Footnote 1129:

Ibid. ii. 6; iii. 3.

Footnote 1130:

Silv. ii. 5.

Footnote 1131:

Ibid. 3.

Footnote 1132:

Ibid. 4.

Footnote 1133:

Ibid. iii. 4.

Footnote 1134:

Silv. J. 6; iv. 9.

Footnote 1135:

Lib. i. 6; ii. 7; iv. 3, 9.

Footnote 1136:

Ibid. iv. 5.

Footnote 1137:

Ibid. 7.

Footnote 1138:

See Epig. vi. 21.

Footnote 1139:

I. O. x. 3.

Footnote 1140:

See a passage from Nero’s Troica, in Meyer’s Anthol.

Footnote 1141:

Nevertheless, Aratus enjoyed a large share of popularity. Cæsar and Cicero translated his works; Virgil and Manilius borrowed from them; Ovid and Maximus Tyrius compared him with Homer; and St. Paul was acquainted with his Phenomena, and quotes from it (Acts xvii. 28.) There is an English translation of his works by Dr. Lamb.

Footnote 1142:

Lib. iv. i. 2; x. i. 19.

Footnote 1143:

See Meyer’s Anthol.

Footnote 1144:

Anthol. 52, 80, 81–84.

Footnote 1145:

Lib. ix. 13; v. 33; iv. 65; v. 25, is something like an acrostic.

Footnote 1146:

Lib. ix. Ep. 74.

Footnote 1147:

_Vide_ Nisard, Etudes, i. 335.

Footnote 1148:

Lib. i. 50.

Footnote 1149:

Lib. xii. 18.

Footnote 1150:

Lib. x. 103.

Footnote 1151:

Ibid.

Footnote 1152:

Plin. iii. 3.

Footnote 1153:

Lib. iii. 94.

Footnote 1154:

Lib. x. 24.

Footnote 1155:

A. D. 65.

Footnote 1156:

Lib. iii. 94.

Footnote 1157:

Lib. v. 13.

Footnote 1158:

Lib. iii. 94.

Footnote 1159:

Nisard, 337.

Footnote 1160:

Lib. vii. 36.

Footnote 1161:

Lib. i. 77.

Footnote 1162:

Lib. vii. 16.

Footnote 1163:

Lib. vii. 35.

Footnote 1164:

Lib. xii. 31.

Footnote 1165:

A. D. 100.

Footnote 1166:

Lib. xii. 31.

Footnote 1167:

Lib. xii. 21.

Footnote 1168:

Lib. iii. 20, 21.

Footnote 1169:

Præf. ad lib. xii.

Footnote 1170:

Lib. x. 65.

Footnote 1171:

There are two readings of the line to which allusion is here made, viz.:—

Nobis filia fortius loquetur,

and

Non nobis lea fortius loquetur.

The latter is the one adopted.

Footnote 1172:

Lib. i. 5.

Footnote 1173:

For example, lib. iii. 48.

Footnote 1174:

Lib. vii. 88.

Footnote 1175:

Lib. vii. 89.

Footnote 1176:

Lib. i. 12; vii. 30.

Footnote 1177:

Lib. i. 1.

Footnote 1178:

Lib. x. 100; i. 54; iv. 46.

Footnote 1179:

Martial generally condemns suicide; for instance, “Fortiter ille facit qui miser esse potest,” and “Hunc volo laudari, qui sine morte potest.” But, see epigram on death of Otho (Lib. vi. 32.)

Footnote 1180:

Suasor. vii.

Footnote 1181:

A. D. 25; Tac. Ann. iv. 34.

Footnote 1182:

Suet. Calig. 16.

Footnote 1183:

A. D. 31.

Footnote 1184:

A. D. 30.

Footnote 1185:

Lib. ii. 6, 8.

Footnote 1186:

A. D. 98.

Footnote 1187:

Plin. Ep. vii. 20.

Footnote 1188:

Plin. Ep. ii. 1.

Footnote 1189:

Ep. II. xi.

Footnote 1190:

A. D. 117.

Footnote 1191:

Lect. R. H. cxix.

Footnote 1192:

Agric. 4.

Footnote 1193:

Cap. iii.

Footnote 1194:

Cap. ix., xxxix., xl., xliii.

Footnote 1195:

Cap. iv.

Footnote 1196:

Cap. vii.

Footnote 1197:

Cap. xi.

Footnote 1198:

Cap. xiii.

Footnote 1199:

Cap. xviii., xix.

Footnote 1200:

Cap. xxi.

Footnote 1201:

Cap. xxiv.

Footnote 1202:

Cap. xxiii.

Footnote 1203:

Cap. xxii.

Footnote 1204:

Cap. xxii.

Footnote 1205:

Cap. xxv.

Footnote 1206:

Cap. xi.

Footnote 1207:

From cap. xxviii.

Footnote 1208:

Cap. xl.

Footnote 1209:

Cap. xlv.

Footnote 1210:

Cap. xlvi.

Footnote 1211:

A. D. 69.

Footnote 1212:

A. D. 96.

Footnote 1213:

Hist i. 1.

Footnote 1214:

A. D. 117.

Footnote 1215:

Hist. i. 4.

Footnote 1216:

Hist. v. 2.

Footnote 1217:

Ibid. iii.

Footnote 1218:

Ibid. v.

Footnote 1219:

Ibid. ix.

Footnote 1220:

B. C. 62.

Footnote 1221:

Ann. iv. 71.

Footnote 1222:

A. D. 14.

Footnote 1223:

A. D. 68.

Footnote 1224:

Life of Agricola.

Footnote 1225:

Vit. Agric. ii.

Footnote 1226:

Agric. 42.

Footnote 1227:

Ann. xiv. 12.

Footnote 1228:

See A. Krause de Font. et Auctor. Suet.

Footnote 1229:

Cap. 57.

Footnote 1230:

Ep. I. 18.

Footnote 1231:

See _e. g._ Cæs. 81; Aug. 6, 94; Tib. 14, 74; Calig. 5, 57, &c.

Footnote 1232:

See Ep. III. 8.

Footnote 1233:

Ep. X. 95.

Footnote 1234:

Spart. L. of Had. c. ii.

Footnote 1235:

_S. v._ Τράγκυλλος.

Footnote 1236:

Lect. R. H. cxvi. note.

Footnote 1237:

De Suet. Fontibus. Berl. 1831.

Footnote 1238:

Ann. ii. 61.

Footnote 1239:

Cal. 19; Nero, 29; Tit. 3.

Footnote 1240:

Lib. cxvi.

Footnote 1241: