Act ii. scene iii.

Footnote 219:

A. U. C. 590; B. C. 163.

Footnote 220:

Spect. No. 502.

Footnote 221:

Prol. 46.

Footnote 222:

Prol. 27.

Footnote 223:

A. U. C. 592; B. C. 161.

Footnote 224:

See Prol. i.

Footnote 225:

B. C. 165; A. U. C. 588.

Footnote 226:

See Prol. ii.

Footnote 227:

A. U. C. 593; B. C. 161.

Footnote 228:

Warton, in the Adventurer.

Footnote 229:

Cic. Brut. 167.

Footnote 230:

Quint. x. i. 100

Footnote 231:

Lib. xiv. 20.

Footnote 232:

Lib. i. 2.

Footnote 233:

Lib. iv. ii.

Footnote 234:

De Fin. ii. 4; Tusc. Dis. iv. 31.

Footnote 235:

Dict. Univ. s. v.

Footnote 236:

See Smith’s Dict. of Antiq. s. v.

Footnote 237:

See on this subject Lange, Vind. Trag. Rom. Leips. 1823.

Footnote 238:

Hor. Serm. i. 9, 23; Ep. Pis. 55; Mart. Ep. viii. 18.

Footnote 239:

Juv. Sat. x. 80.

Footnote 240:

Liv. xxii. 49.

Footnote 241:

Cic. Att. xvi. 2, 5.

Footnote 242:

Cic. Fam. x. 32.

Footnote 243:

See Cic. de Off. ii. 16; Plin. H. N. 36, 3, &c.

Footnote 244:

Arist. Poet.

Footnote 245:

Epist. II. i. 182.

Footnote 246:

Asinius Pollio is said by Seneca (Controv. iv. Præf.) to have introduced the practice of poets reading their works to a circle of friends.

Footnote 247:

Ecl. iii. 86.

Footnote 248:

Math. Hist. of Class. Lit.; Bernhardy, Grund. 366.

Footnote 249:

Hier. in Eus. Chron. Ol. 156, 3.

Footnote 250:

Cic. Brut. 64.

Footnote 251:

Plin. N. H. xxxv. 1, 4.

Footnote 252:

N. A. i. 24; Meyer, Anth. xxiv.

Footnote 253:

Cic. de Am. 7.

Footnote 254:

Pers. Sat. i. 77.

Footnote 255:

Hor. Ep. II. i. 55.

Footnote 256:

Ad Heren. iv. 4 and 11, 23.

Footnote 257:

Varro ap. Gel. vii. 14.

Footnote 258:

Cic. de Div. i. 14; Orat. iii. 39.

Footnote 259:

See Smith’s Dict.

Footnote 260:

De Pac. Dul. A. Steigl. Leips. 1826.

Footnote 261:

Pierron, p. 162.

Footnote 262:

Cic. de Am. vii.

Footnote 263:

Diom. iii.

Footnote 264:

Cic. Brut. 64.

Footnote 265:

Lib. iii. 7, 11.

Footnote 266:

Cic. Brut. 64; Gell. xiii. 2; Brut. 28.

Footnote 267:

Cic. de Leg. ii. 21; Pro Arch. ii.

Footnote 268:

Bernhardy, 367; Hor. Ep. II. i. 56; Quint, x. i. 97.

Footnote 269:

De Divin. i. 22; Bothe, Poet. Scen. fr. p. 191.

Footnote 270:

Bothe, p. 246.

Footnote 271:

Tusc. Disp. ii. 10; Bothe, p. 239.

Footnote 272:

Bothe, p. 238.

Footnote 273:

Ibid. p. 231.

Footnote 274:

Hor. Ep. II. i. 55.

Footnote 275:

See Nieb. Lect. 88.

Footnote 276:

B. C. 279.

Footnote 277:

The etymology of σίλλοι is unknown. Casaubon derived the word from σιλλαίνειν, to scoff. The probability, however, is that the substantive is the root of the verb. The invention of the _Silli_ has been ascribed by some to Xenophanes, the philosopher of Colophon. He was the author of a didactic poem, and his invectives were directed against the absurd and erroneous doctrines of his predecessors. Timon, a skeptical philosopher, who lived in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, was undoubtedly the author of Silli. Some of these are dialogues, in which one of the persons is Xenophanes, whence perhaps he was erroneously considered the inventor of this kind of poetry. All the Silli of Timon are epic parodies, and their subject a ludicrous and skeptical attack on philosophy of every kind. Fragments of Silli are preserved by Diogenes, Lucilius, and Chrysostom.—Ad. Alex. Orat. See also Brunck’s Analecta, and Suidas _s. vv._ σιλλαίνειν, Τίμων.

Footnote 278:

Hor. Sat. i. 4, 10.

Footnote 279:

Cic. Tusc. i. 2.

Footnote 280:

Aurelius Victor states (De Vit. Illust. xlvii.) that Cato took lessons in Greek from Ennius.

Footnote 281:

Juv. Sat. i. 20.

Footnote 282:

Hieron. Chron. Euseb.

Footnote 283:

In defence of the chronology of Lucilius’ life, see Smith’s Dictionary of Biography, _s. v._ Lucilius.

Footnote 284:

Vell. Paterc. ii. 9.

Footnote 285:

See Sat. I. iv.; I. x.; I. i. 29, &c.

Footnote 286:

De Orat. ii. 6; De Fin. i. 3.

Footnote 287:

Inst. Or. x. i.

Footnote 288:

Inst. Div. vi. 5.

Footnote 289:

Hor. Sat. I. x. 46.

Footnote 290:

Nieb. Lect. lxxxviii.

Footnote 291:

Lib. ii. 24; xix. 9.

Footnote 292:

See Nieb. Lect. lxxix. and Schol. in Cic. Orell. ii. p. 283.

Footnote 293:

Suet. de Clar. Rhet. iii.

Footnote 294:

The fragments of the ancient Roman historians have been collected by Augustus Krause, and published at Berlin in 1833.

Footnote 295:

De Orat. ii. 12.

Footnote 296:

Pro Arch. x.

Footnote 297:

Dion. xvi. 6; Nieb. H. R. iii. 356.

Footnote 298:

Lib. i. 44, 45; ii. 40; viii. 30, &c.

Footnote 299:

Lib. xxii. 7.

Footnote 300:

Pol. i. 14.

Footnote 301:

Lect. R. H. iii. xxvi.

Footnote 302:

Lib. ii. 12.

Footnote 303:

Liv. xxii. 7.

Footnote 304:

Lib. xxiii. ii.; B. C. 216; A. U. C. 538.

Footnote 305:

A. U. C. 544; B. C. 210.

Footnote 306:

Liv. xxvi. 23.

Footnote 307:

Ibid. 28.

Footnote 308:

Ibid. xxvii. 29.

Footnote 309:

Ibid. xxi. 31.

Footnote 310:

Dionys. i. 6.

Footnote 311:

Liv. vii. 3.

Footnote 312:

See, on this subject, Lachmann de Font. Hist. Ti. Liv.

Footnote 313:

See Dr. Smith’s Dict. of Antiq. _s. v._

Footnote 314:

N. A. vii. 14.

Footnote 315:

Lib. xxv. 39; xxxv. 14.

Footnote 316:

A. U. C. 586; B. C. 168.

Footnote 317:

A. U. C. 599; B. C. 155.

Footnote 318:

Cic. de Orat. ii. 37; Quint. xii. 1.

Footnote 319:

Suet. de Gram. Ill. 2.

Footnote 320:

De Senec. 4.

Footnote 321:

Liv. xxxiv.

Footnote 322:

B. C. 171.

Footnote 323:

Plin. H. N. vii. 31.

Footnote 324:

A. U. C. 605.

Footnote 325:

Livy (xxxix. 40) and Niebuhr (Lect. lxix.) state that Cato died at the age of ninety; Cicero (Brut. 15, 20, 23) and Pliny, at the age of eighty-five.

Footnote 326:

Valerius Maximus relates the following anecdote of the respect in which this virtuous Roman was held by his countrymen:—At the Floralia, the people were accustomed to call for the exhibition of dances, accompanied with acts of great indecency. Cato on one of these occasions happened to be present, and the spectators were ashamed to make their usual demand until he had left the theatre. Martial also alludes to this anecdote in one of his epigrams.

Footnote 327:

Hor. Od. ii. i.

Footnote 328:

Plut. Life of Cato.

Footnote 329:

Cicero tells us (De Orat. ii. 64) that, when censor, he degraded L. Nasica for an unseasonable jest.

Footnote 330:

Lib. xxxix. 40.

Footnote 331:

About A. U. C. 600.

Footnote 332:

Cato, iii.

Footnote 333:

See frag. of book iv. Krause.

Footnote 334:

C. Nepos in Vita.

Footnote 335:

Lib. v. Krause, p. 114.

Footnote 336:

Lib. i. 12.

Footnote 337:

The hocus-pocus of Cato resembles Latin about as nearly as did the gibberish of the Spanish witches in the days of witch-finding. “In nomine Patricâ Aragueaco Petrica agora agora valentia jouando goure gaito goustra.”

Footnote 338:

Meyer, Frag. Rom. Orat.

Footnote 339:

See, _ex. gr._ Liv. xxxix. 40.

Footnote 340:

Brutus.

Footnote 341:

Lect. R. H. lxix.

Footnote 342:

Brut.

Footnote 343:

Gell. xi. 8.

Footnote 344:

Serv. Æn. ix. 70.

Footnote 345:

Macrob. ii. 16.

Footnote 346:

A. U. C. 608.

Footnote 347:

A. U. C. 608.

Footnote 348:

Cic. de Leg. ii. 2; Brut. 26.

Footnote 349:

Cic. Brut. 25.

Footnote 350:

Ibid. 26.

Footnote 351:

Gell. ii. 13.

Footnote 352:

See Nieb. Lect. V. on Rom. Lit.

Footnote 353:

Brut. 21.

Footnote 354:

B. C. 133.

Footnote 355:

Liv. i. 55.

Footnote 356:

Lib. xi. 14.

Footnote 357:

Athenæus, iv. 168.

Footnote 358:

Brut. 35.

Footnote 359:

See Cic. de Leg. i. 2; Brut. 67.

Footnote 360:

Lect. iii. xliv.

Footnote 361:

Numa, c. i. See Niebuhr, Lect. III. xli.

Footnote 362:

A. U. C. 678.

Footnote 363:

A. U. C. 691.

Footnote 364:

Lib. xxx. 19.

Footnote 365:

There is one instance to the contrary, (Liv. xxxviii. 23,) in which Quadrigarius makes the number of the slain 40,000, Antias only 10,000.

Footnote 366:

Plut. Romulus, 14.

Footnote 367:

Liv. xxvi. 49.

Footnote 368:

Lib. xxxii. 6.

Footnote 369:

Lib. xxxiii. 10.

Footnote 370:

Lib. xxxiii. 30.

Footnote 371:

De Clar. Rhet. 3.

Footnote 372:

Brut. 64 and 88.

Footnote 373:

Jug. 95.

Footnote 374:

Gell. vi. 3, 4.

Footnote 375:

Appius Claudius Cæcus was also author of a moral poem on Pythagorean principles, which was extant in the time of Cicero, (Brutus, 16.)

Footnote 376:

B. C. 280.

Footnote 377:

About B. C. 221.

Footnote 378:

Lib. xxxv. 8; xl. 46.

Footnote 379:

H. N. vii. 43, 44.

Footnote 380:

Brut. 14, 19, de Sen.

Footnote 381:

Cic. Cat. 4, 12; de Sen. 4; Brut. 14, 18.

Footnote 382:

Noct. Attic. iv. 18.

Footnote 383:

Brut. 21.

Footnote 384:

Meyer, Orat. Rom. Fragm.

Footnote 385:

B. C. 149; A. U. C. 605.

Footnote 386:

A. U. C. 580.

Footnote 387:

A. U. C. 622.

Footnote 388:

De Orat. 153.

Footnote 389:

Sallust. Cat. 25.

Footnote 390:

Orat. iii. 56.

Footnote 391:

Brut. 33.

Footnote 392:

Ibid. 36.

Footnote 393:

Pro Rosc. 25; pro Arch. 60; in. Verr. iv. 59.

Footnote 394:

Orat. II. i.

Footnote 395:

Pro Cluent. 50.

Footnote 396:

De Orat. ii. 48.

Footnote 397:

B. C. 122.

Footnote 398:

De Orat. i. 52; Brut. 43.

Footnote 399:

B. C. 95.

Footnote 400:

B. C. 92.

Footnote 401:

B. C. 161; A. U. C. 593.

Footnote 402:

A. Gell. xv. ii.

Footnote 403:

De Cl. Or. 143, 145.

Footnote 404:

Pro Cluent. 51.

Footnote 405:

De Orat. ii. 54.

Footnote 406:

Cic. de Or. ii. 65; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 4.

Footnote 407:

Macrobius, Sat.

Footnote 408:

See Brutus, _passim_.

Footnote 409:

Brutus, 158.

Footnote 410:

De Fam. iv. 5.

Footnote 411:

Cic. Philip. ix. 5.

Footnote 412:

Brut. xcii.

Footnote 413:

Ad Att. vi. 6.

Footnote 414:

Ad Fam. viii. 2.

Footnote 415:

Smith’s Dict. of Antiq. _s. v._

Footnote 416:

Brut. 95.

Footnote 417:

Quint. xii.; ch. x.; Brut. Orat. ad Br. in many places.

Footnote 418:

A. Gell. i. 5.

Footnote 419:

A. Gell. i. 5.

Footnote 420:

Cic. Muræn. 8, 19; Off. ii. 19, 65.

Footnote 421:

Hor. Od. II. i. 13.

Footnote 422:

Cic. pro Muræn.

Footnote 423:

Inst. Or. xii. 7.

Footnote 424:

De Orat. 44.

Footnote 425:

De Leg. ii. 23.

Footnote 426:

A. U. C. 552.

Footnote 427:

Lib. xxx. 1.

Footnote 428:

De Or. i. 45.

Footnote 429:

Dig. I. ii. 39.

Footnote 430:

De Or. ii. 55.

Footnote 431:

Lib. xvi. 5; Dig. L. 16, 157.

Footnote 432:

B. C. 24, 25.

Footnote 433:

De Lat. Lin. iv. 2; iv. 10; v. 7.

Footnote 434:

H. N. vii. 1.

Footnote 435:

De Orat. iii. 21.

Footnote 436:

Cornelius Nepos ait litteratos quidem vulgo appellari eos qui aliquid diligenter et acute scienterque possint aut dicere aut scribere.

Footnote 437:

Sueton. de Illust. Gram.

Footnote 438:

Lect. R. H. cvi.

Footnote 439:

Plin. H. N. v. 72.

Footnote 440:

Cic. pro Sen.

Footnote 441:

Schlegel Lect. viii.; Müller’s Dor. iv. 7, 5.

Footnote 442:

Diog. Laert. iii. 18.

Footnote 443:

Xen. Hell. i. 23.

Footnote 444:

Müller’s Dorians, Trans. ii. 374.

Footnote 445:

Or. Tr. ii. 515.

Footnote 446:

Cic. pro Rab. 12; de Orat. ii. 59. See also fragm. of Syrus’ Mimes.

Footnote 447:

Bothe, Po. Sc. Lat. fragm. vol. v.

Footnote 448:

Sat. i. x. 6. See also Sen. Controv., and Nieb. H. R. ii. p. 169.

Footnote 449:

Hieron. Eus. Chron.

Footnote 450:

Pl. Ep. vi. 21.

Footnote 451:

A. Gell. xv. 25.

Footnote 452:

Suet. Cæs. 52.

Footnote 453:

Cic. ad Fam. x. 28.

Footnote 454:

Pl. H. N. xii. 2, 6.

Footnote 455:

Tac. An. xii. 60.

Footnote 456:

Ad Fam. vii. 15.

Footnote 457:

Ibid. xi. 28.

Footnote 458:

Ad Fam. xii. 18.

Footnote 459:

Sen. Controv. vii. 3; Ep. 8, 94, 108.

Footnote 460:

Pl. H. N. viii. 51.

Footnote 461:

_S. v._ Ὀρχησίς.

Footnote 462:

Hist. Rom. i.

Footnote 463:

Pl. Ep. vii. 24.

Footnote 464:

Juv. vi. 65.

Footnote 465:

Tac. Ann. i. 77.

Footnote 466:

Suet. Ner. 16, 26.

Footnote 467:

Juv. i. 35; vi. 44.

Footnote 468:

Lib. ix. 29; xi. 13.

Footnote 469:

Suet. Ner. 54.

Footnote 470:

Lib. i. 925; iv. 1.

Footnote 471:

Lib. i. 831; iii. 261.

Footnote 472:

Clint. F. H.

Footnote 473:

Hier. Chron.

Footnote 474:

The criticism of Cicero is unjust:—“Lucretii poemata ita sunt non multis luminibus ingenii multæ tamen artis.”—Ep. ad Qu. fratr. ii. 11.

Footnote 475:

See A. Gell. Noct. Att. i. 21.

Footnote 476:

Lib. ii. 352.

Footnote 477:

Lib. v. 166.

Footnote 478:

Lib. vi. 378.

Footnote 479:

Lib. v. 1197.

Footnote 480:

Lib. vi. 75.

Footnote 481:

Lib. v. 83, 1163.

Footnote 482:

Lib. v. 1202.

Footnote 483:

Lib. i. 81.

Footnote 484:

Lib. i. 71, 147.

Footnote 485:

See Ritter, iv. p. 89.

Footnote 486:

Lib. v. 525.

Footnote 487:

Lib. iii. 265, 413.

Footnote 488:

Lib. iii. 302.

Footnote 489:

Lib. iv. 1072.

Footnote 490:

Lib. v. 1012.

Footnote 491:

De Fin. ii. 22.

Footnote 492:

Lib. v. 1152.

Footnote 493:

Lib. iii. 988.

Footnote 494:

Lib. ii. 7.

Footnote 495:

Diog. La. x. 3.

Footnote 496:

Sen. de Benef. iv. 19.

Footnote 497:

Diog. La. x.

Footnote 498:

Georg. ii. 490.

Footnote 499:

Georg. iii. 478.

Footnote 500:

Plin. xxxvii. 6.

Footnote 501:

Suet. v. Jul. 73.

Footnote 502:

See Carm. cxvi.

Footnote 503:

Anthol. 208.

Footnote 504:

Apuleius.

Footnote 505:

Carm. li.

Footnote 506:

Od. IV. iii. 23.

Footnote 507:

Od. III. xx. 13.

Footnote 508:

Lect. cvi.

Footnote 509:

Lib. v. 132, 166.

Footnote 510:

Cic. Brut. 82; ad Fam. xv. 21; Dial. de Or. 18; Quint. xi. 115.

Footnote 511:

Cat. liv.

Footnote 512:

Sat. I. x. 16.

Footnote 513:

Cat. Carm. X. xcv.

Footnote 514:

Ecl. 9.

Footnote 515:

Suet. de Ill. Gram. 2–9.

Footnote 516:

Wernsdorf, Po. Lat. Mi.

Footnote 517:

H. N. xxv. 2.

Footnote 518:

Od. ii. 9; Sat. I. x.

Footnote 519:

Wernsdorf.

Footnote 520:

Sat. II. v. 41.

Footnote 521:

Hieron. in Euseb. Chron.

Footnote 522:

See Meyer’s Anthol. Lat.

Footnote 523:

Ibid. 77, 78.

Footnote 524:

Lib. x. i. 87.

Footnote 525:

Hor. Sat. I. x. 46.

Footnote 526:

Anthol. 77, 78.

Footnote 527:

See, on this subject, Niebuhr’s Lectures on Roman History, cvi.

Footnote 528:

Mart. Ep. xii. 68.

Footnote 529:

See Quint. de Inst. Or.

Footnote 530:

Servius.

Footnote 531:

Scalig. in Euseb. Chron.

Footnote 532:

B. C. 55.

Footnote 533:

See v. 7.

Footnote 534:

Ecl. ix. 18.

Footnote 535:

B. C. 40.

Footnote 536:

B. C. 38.

Footnote 537:

Alexander, an Italian abbot, states, on the evidence of two spurious verses, that he was governor of Naples and Calabria.

Footnote 538:

Ep. viii. 56.

Footnote 539:

Carm. xv. 12.

Footnote 540:

Hor. Sat. I. v. 49.

Footnote 541:

Carm. i. 3.

Footnote 542:

There has been much discussion respecting the precise place of his burial. (See Cramer’s Anc. It. ii. 174.) Addison, in opposition to the popular belief, thought it almost certain that it stood on that side of the town which looks towards Vesuvius. (Remarks on Italy, p. 164; sec. ed.)

Footnote 543:

Meyer, Anthol. 95.

Footnote 544:

Dial. de Caus. Corrup. El. 13.

Footnote 545:

Hor. Sat. I. v. 41.

Footnote 546:

Macrob. Saturn. I. _sub fine_.

Footnote 547:

Plin. N. H. vii. 30.

Footnote 548:

See Meyer’s Anthol. 85–111.

Footnote 549:

A litle noursling of the humid ayre, A gnat unto the sleepie shepheard went; And, marking where his ey-lids twinckling rare Shewd the two pearles, which sight unto him lent, Through their thin coverings appearing fayre, His litle needle there infixing deep, Warnd him awake, from death himselfe to keep. _Spenser._

Footnote 550:

Faery Queene, book iii. c. ii. 3. See Dunlop, iii.

Footnote 551:

Spenser, adopting the incorrect orthography and etymology of Petrarch, writes the word Æglogue, and derives it from αἴγων λόγοι—tales of goats or goatherds.

Footnote 552:

Sat. I. x. 44.

Footnote 553:

Id. x. and xxi.

Footnote 554:

In Euseb. Chron.

Footnote 555:

B. C. 39.

Footnote 556:

Præl. de Sacr. Po. He. xxi. p. 289.

Footnote 557:

Orat. ad Sanctos, 19, 20; apud Euseb.

Footnote 558:

In 1 Cor. ii.

Footnote 559:

Adv. Jor. lib. i.

Footnote 560:

Contra Faust, i. 13, 2.

Footnote 561:

Orat. Paræn.

Footnote 562:

See notes to Pope’s Messiah.

Footnote 563:

Decl. and Fall. c. xx. vol. iii. p. 269.

Footnote 564:

A. Gell. N. A. xvii. 10.

Footnote 565:

Misc. Works, vol. i.

Footnote 566:

G. iv. 560–564.

Footnote 567:

G. ii. 171.

Footnote 568:

See Dunlop, H. of R. L. iii. _s. v._ Virg.

Footnote 569:

B. C. 27.

Footnote 570:

Æn. ii. 567–589.

Footnote 571:

Ibid. vi. 511.

Footnote 572:

Æn. viii. 626.

Footnote 573:

Ibid. i.

Footnote 574: