A History of Oregon, 1792-1849 Drawn From Personal Observation and Authentic Information

Dr. White's report.--Seizure and destruction of a distillery.--Homicide of Joel Turnham.--State of the Territory.--Trials of Dr. White.--The liquor law.--Revenue act.--Case of t...

Letter to General Lovejoy.--Call for men and ammunition.--Yankama chief.--His speech.--Small supply of ammunition.--Letter of Joseph Cadwallader.--Claim and a girl.--Combined In...

Continuation of Miss Bewley's evidence.--The priests refuse her protection.--Forcibly taken from the bishop's house by Five Crows.--Brouillet advises her to remain with her Indi...

The Cayuse war.--Letter of Captain Lee.--Indians friendly with the Hudson's Bay Company.--Conduct of Mr. Ogden.--His letters to Mr. Walker and Mr. Spalding.--Note of Rev. G. H....

Dr. E. White's letter to the Secretary of War.--Excitement among the Indians.--Visit to Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.--Destitution and degradation of the Coast Indians.-...

The liquor law.--Amended act of 1845.--Message of the governor on the same.--Repeal of the prohibitory and passage of the license law.--Letter of James Douglas.--Reply of Mr. Sa...

The Hudson's Bay Company's and the priests' part in the massacre.--McBean's messenger.--Plot divulged to Hinman, Ogden, and Douglas.--Douglas's remark to Hinman.--McBean's lette...

Missions among the Western Indians.--The Coeur d'Alêne Mission.--Protestant and Catholic missions compared.--What the American Protestant missionaries have done for the country...

Dispatch of Dr. White to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.--He praises the Hudson's Bay Company.--His account of the Indians.--Indian outrages.--Dr. White's expedition to the...

Thus far I have confined myself to the history of the Hudson's Bay Company, the early settlement of the country, its public men, the provisional government, adverse influence, a...

Puget Sound Agricultural Company.--Its original stock.--A correspondence.--No law to punish fraud.--A supposed trial of the case.--Article four of the treaty.--The witnesses.--W...

Governor Simpson and Dr. Whitman in Washington.--Interviews with Daniel Webster and President Tyler.--His cold reception in Boston by the American Board.--Conducts a large emigr...

Preliminary events of the Cayuse war.--Message of Governor Abernethy.--Journal of the house.--Resolutions.--Assembling of the people at the call of the governor.--Enlisting of m...

Petition of the citizens of Oregon in 1843.--Complaints against the Hudson's Bay Company.--The Milling Company.--Kicking the half-bushel.--Land claims of Dr. McLaughlin.--Names...

1845.--Second session of the Legislative Committee.--Mr. McCarver removed from the office of Speaker.--Mr. Applegate's resolutions.--Protest of Gray, Foisy, and Straight.--A leg...

Case of The Hudson's Bay Company _v._ The United States.--Examination of Mr. McTavish.--Number of witnesses.--Their ignorance.--Amount claimed.--Original stock.--Value of land i...

Very different was the course pursued by Sir George Simpson and Mr. (now Sir James) Douglas in the case of conspiracy and murder of John McLaughlin, Jr., at Fort Wrangle, near t...

Review of Mr. Greenhow's work in connection with the conduct and policy of the Hudson's Bay Company.--Schools and missionaries.--Reasons for giving extracts from Mr. Greenhow's...

In two days' easy travel we arrived at the great American rendezvous, held in an extensive valley in the forks formed by Horse Creek and Green River, on account of the abundance...

The meeting at Champoeg.--Tactics of the Jesuit party.--Counter-tactics of the Americans.--A division and its result.--Public record.--Opposition to clergymen as legislators.--M...

How the country was saved to the United States.--Article from the New York _Evening Post_.--Ingratitude of the American Board.--Deposition of Elam Young.--Young girls taken for...

The Legislative Committee of nine.--Hon. Robert Moore, chairman.--Description of the members.--Minutes of their proceedings.--Dr. R. Newell, his character.--Two specimens of his...

English Hudson's Bay effort to secure Oregon.--British claim to Oregon.--Dr. McLaughlin's relation to the company.--Treatment of Red River settlers.--A mistake.--Sir Edward Belc...

The mission party had brought with them a full supply of all the supposed _et cæteras_ for a life and residence two thousand miles from any possible chance to renew those suppli...

1844.--The settlements alarmed.--Indian attack.--Death of G. W. Le Breton.--Meeting at Mr. La Chapelle's.--Volunteer company formed.--The _Modeste_ in the Columbia River.--The L...

Assembly of the Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.--Mock fight.--Council with the Indians.--Speeches by Yellow Serpent, Tilokaikt, the Prince, and Illutin.--The secret of the...

Independent missionaries arrive.--Their troubles.--Conversion of Indiana at the Dalles.--Their motives.--Emigrants of 1839.--Blubber-Mouth Smith.--Re-enforcement of the Methodis...

Next day Mr. McLeod left the train in charge of Mr. McKay, and started for the fort, having obtained a fresh horse from the Cayuse Indians. The party, with Hudson's Bay Company'...

Comments on Vicar-General Brouillet's arguments against the Whitman massacre being the act of Catholics.--Joe Stanfield: Brouillet's story in his favor.--Murders on the second d...

Settlers in 1836.--Wallamet Cattle Company.--What good have the missionaries done?--Rev. J. Lee and party.--The Hudson's Bay Company recommend the Wallamet.--Missionaries not de...

Actions speak louder than words.--Efforts of the Hudson's Bay Company to discourage immigration.--Account of the two Jesuits, F. N. Blanchet and P. J. De Smet.--Protestant missi...

First council to organize a provisional government.--Library founded.--Origin of the Wolf Association.--The Methodist Mission influence.--Dr. White exhibits his credentials.--Fi...

Letter of H. H. Spalding to Dr. White.--Account of his mission among the Nez Percés.--Schools.--Cultivation.--Industrial arts.--Moral character.--Arable land.--Letter of Commiss...

We left Vicar-General Brouillet and Bishop Blanchet and his priests on their way to their station on the Umatilla, where they arrived on November 27. On the 28th, Brouillet says...

Missionaries leaving.--Hudson's Bay Company's Gold Exchange.--Population in 1842.--Whitman and Lovejoy start for the States.--The Red River emigration.--American merchants.--Set...

Fourth of July, 1843.--Oration by Mr. Hines.--Meeting of July 5.--Debate on the land law.--How the Jesuits and the Hudson's Bay Company secured their land claims.--Speech of the...

Arrival of Rev. Mr. Beaver and wife.--His opinion of the company.--A double-wedding.--Mrs. Spalding and Mrs. Whitman at Vancouver.--Men explore the country and locate stations.-...

First discovery of the river.--Natives friendly.--British ship.--Brig _Jennet_.--Snow _Sea Otter_.--The _Globe_.-- _Alert._--_Guatimozin._--_Atahualpa._--Lewis and Clarke. --Van...

WE, the people of Oregon Territory, for purposes of mutual protection, and to secure peace and prosperity among ourselves, agree to adopt the following laws and regulations, unt...

GENTLEMEN,--As the expectation of receiving some information from the United States relative to the adjustment of the claims of that government and of Great Britain upon this co...

1845.--Public meetings to elect delegates to convention.--Candidates for governor.--Members elected to the Legislative Committee.--Oath of office.--Mr. Applegate's announcement....

In 1832, this entire country, from the Russian settlement on the north to the gulf of California on the south, the Rocky Mountains on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west,...

Occupations of the victims immediately before the massacre.--Description of the mission buildings.--The Doctor called into the kitchen to be murdered.--Joe Lewis, the leader in...

The country restored.--The order.--Description of Astoria.--Different parties.--Northwest Fur Company.--Astor's plan.--Conflict of the two British fur companies.--The treaties.-...

Letters all written to friends, and everybody supposed to have any particular interest in the person or individual who wrote them; the letters placed in the hands of Captain Wye...

In the early part of this year, about the 15th of February, 1841, Mr. Ewing Young, having been sick but a short time, died. He left a large band of cattle and horses and no will...

It may be asked why the writer gives this explanation of trade and intercourse with the Indians and missionaries before they have reached the field of their future labors? For t...

Care of Great Britain for her fur companies.--Columbia Fur Company.--Astor's second fur company.--Major Pilcher's fur company.--Loss of the ship _Isabel_.--Captain Bonneville's...

The French and American settlers.--Hudson's Bay Company's traveling traders.--The Flatheads.--Their manner of traveling.--Marriage.--Their honesty.--Indian fight and scalp dance...

Treatment of Indians.--Influence of Hudson's Bay Company.--Rev. Mr. Barnley's statement.--First three years.--After that.--Treatment of Jesuits.--Of Protestants.--Of Indians.--N...

Between the meeting of the committee of twelve at Wallamet Falls, about the 16th of March, and the called meeting by that committee on the 2d of May, the priests and the Hudson'...

A combination of facts.--Settlers alive to their danger.--Mr. Hines' disparagement of the Methodist Mission.--Indians want pay for being whipped.--Indian honesty.--Mr. Hines' op...

Lee and Hines explore the Umpqua River.--Hines tells a story.--Massacre and plunder of Smith's party by the Indians.--Sympathy of the Hudson's Bay Company.--Extract from the San...

"After such a manifestation of sentiment toward Catholics in general and priests in particular, the bishop was not astonished in hearing some hours after that Dr. Whitman, on le...

Petition of Red River settlers.--Their requests, from 1 to 14.--Names.--Governor Christie's reply.--Company's reply.--Extract from minutes.--Resolutions, from 1 to 9.--Enforcing...

Eighteen hundred and forty finds Oregon with her little population all active and busy, laboring and toiling to provide the necessaries of life--food and raiment. And if a man d...

A short time after the arrival of the re-enforcement to the mission of the American Board, Rev. F. N. Blanchet and Rev. Demerse arrived at Wallawalla by the annual overland boat...

First meeting of the committee of twelve.--All invited to participate.--The Rev. J. Lee and Mr. Abernethy ridicule the organization.--Mr. Lee tells a story.--Letter from Governo...

We will leave Gray and party on their way down the Missouri River, and return to Oregon to introduce to the reader a re-enforcement to the Methodist Mission, consisting of Dr. E...

Whitman's visit to Washington.--A priest's boast.--A taunt, and Whitman's reply.--Arrival in Washington.--Interview with Secretary Webster.--With President Tyler.--His return.--...

Fort Vancouver was a stockade, built with fir-logs about ten inches in diameter, set some four feet in the ground, and about twenty feet above, secured by pieces of timber pinne...

The Whitman massacres.--Narratives of, by J. B. A. Brouillet and J. Ross Browne.--Extract from the New York _Evangelist._--Statements of Father Brouillet criticised.--Testimony...

The gigantic fraud of slavery fell, in our own land, in the short space of four years; but that of this company--holding and destroying as many lives as the African slave trade-...

"In the evening of the 17th, Dr. White arrived at my house, bringing intelligence from the falls. He and Mr. Le Breton attempted to go to the falls on horseback, but in trying t...

Extent and power of Hudson's Bay Company.--Number of forts.--Location.--Policy.--Murder of Mr. Black.--McKay.--Manner of dealing with Indians.--Commander of fort kills an Indian...

Description of the State House.--Conduct of the French settlers.--Arrival of Dr. Whitman's party of immigrants.--Prosperity of the settlers.--Change in the policy of the Hudson'...

Extracts from Mr. Hines' history.--Attempt to capture an Indian horse-thief.--Dr. McLaughlin refuses to sell supplies to the signers of the petition.--Excitement in the settleme...

The Cayuse war.--Letter of Captain Lee.--Indians friendly with the Hudson's Bay Company.--Conduct of Mr. Ogden.--His letters to Mr. Walker and Mr. Spalding.--Note of Rev. G. H....

Letter to General Lovejoy.--Call for men and ammunition.-- Yankama chief.--His speech.--Small supply of ammunition.-- Letter of Joseph Cadwallader.--Claim and a girl.--Combined...

Continuation of Miss Bewley's evidence.--The priests refuse her protection.--Forcibly taken from the bishop's house by Five Crows.--Brouillet advises her to remain with her Indi...

Dr. E. White's letter to the Secretary of War.--Excitement among the Indians.--Visit to Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.--Destitution and degradation of the Coast Indians.-...

1845.--Second session of the Legislative Committee.--Mr. McCarver removed from the office of Speaker.--Mr. Applegate's resolutions.--Protest of Gray, Foisy, and Straight.--A leg...

The liquor law.--Amended act of 1845.--Message of the governor on the same.--Repeal of the prohibitory and passage of the license law.--Letter of James Douglas.--Reply of Mr. Sa...

Fourth of July, 1843.--Oration by Mr. Hines.--Meeting of July 5.--Debate on the land law.--How the Jesuits and the Hudson's Bay Company secured their land claims.--Speech of the...

Governor Simpson and Dr. Whitman in Washington.--Interviews with Daniel Webster and President Tyler.--His cold reception in Boston by the American Board.--Conducts a large emigr...

Dr. White's report.--Seizure and destruction of a distillery.--Homicide of Joel Turnham.--State of the Territory.--Trials of Dr. White.--The liquor law.--Revenue act.--Case of t...

Preliminary events of the Cayuse war.--Message of Governor Abernethy.--Journal of the house.--Resolutions.--Assembling of the people at the call of the governor.--Enlisting of m...

Actions speak louder than words.--Efforts of the Hudson's Bay Company to discourage immigration.--Account of the two Jesuits, F. N. Blanchet and P. J. De Smet.--Protestant missi...

Occupations of the victims immediately before the massacre.--Description of the mission buildings.--The Doctor called into the kitchen to be murdered.--Joe Lewis, the leader in...

The Hudson's Bay Company's and the priests' part in the massacre.--McBean's messenger.--Plot divulged to Hinman, Ogden, and Douglas.--Douglas's remark to Hinman.--McBean's lette...

Dispatch of Dr. White to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.--He praises the Hudson's Bay Company.--His account of the Indians.--Indian outrages.--Dr. White's expedition to the...

First council to organize a provisional government.--Library founded.--Origin of the Wolf Association.--The Methodist Mission influence.--Dr. White exhibits his credentials.--Fi...

1844.--The settlements alarmed.--Indian attack.--Death of G. W. La Breton.--Meeting at Mr. La Chapelle's.--Volunteer company formed.--The _Modeste_ in the Columbia River.--The L...

Puget Sound Agricultural Company.--Its original stock.--A correspondence.--No law to punish fraud.--A supposed trial of the case.--Article four of the treaty.--The witnesses.--W...

English Hudson's Bay effort to secure Oregon.--British claim to Oregon.--Dr. McLaughlin's relation to the company.-- Treatment of Red River settlers.--A mistake.--Sir Edward Bel...

1845.--Public meetings to elect delegates to convention.-- Candidates for governor.--Members elected to the Legislative Committee.--Oath of office.--Mr. Applegate's announcement...

First meeting of the committee of twelve.--All invited to participate.--The Rev. J. Lee and Mr. Abernethy ridicule the organization.--Mr. Lee tells a story.--Letter from Governo...

Treatment of Indians.--Influence of Hudson's Bay Company.--Rev. Mr. Barnley's statement.--First three years.--After that.--Treatment of Jesuits.--Of Protestants.-- Of Indians.--...

Missionaries leaving.--Hudson's Bay Company's Gold Exchange.--Population in 1842.--Whitman and Lovejoy start for the States.--The Red River emigration.--American merchants.-- Se...

Care of Great Britain for her fur companies.--Columbia Fur Company.--Astor's second fur company.--Major Pilcher's fur company.--Loss of the ship _Isabel_.--Captain Bonneville's...

The meeting at Champoeg.--Tactics of the Jesuit party.-- Counter-tactics of the Americans.--A division and its result.--Public record.--Opposition to clergymen as legislators.--...

Petition of the citizens of Oregon in 1843.--Complaints against the Hudson's Bay Company.--The Milling Company.-- Kicking the half-bushel.--Land claims of Dr. McLaughlin.-- Name...

A combination of facts.--Settlers alive to their danger.--Mr. Hines' disparagement of the Methodist Mission.--Indians want pay for being whipped.--Indian honesty.--Mr. Hines' op...

Extent and power of Hudson's Bay Company.--Number of forts.--Location.--Policy.--Murder of Mr. Black.--McKay.-- Manner of dealing with Indians.--Commander of fort kills an India...

Assembly of the Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.--Mock fight.--Council with the Indians.--Speeches by Yellow Serpent, Tilokaikt, the Prince, and Illutin.--The secret of the...

Arrival of Rev. Mr. Beaver and wife.--His opinion of the company.--A double-wedding.--Mrs. Spalding and Mrs. Whitman at Vancouver.--Men explore the country and locate stations.-...

Independent missionaries arrive.--Their troubles.--Conversion of Indians at the Dalles.--Their motives.--Emigrants of 1839.--Blubber-Mouth Smith.--Re-enforcement of the Methodis...

Whitman's visit to Washington.--A priest's boast.--A taunt, and Whitman's reply.--Arrival in Washington.--Interview with Secretary Webster.--With President Tyler.--His return.--...

How the country was saved to the United States.--Article from the New York _Evening Post_.--Ingratitude of the American Board.--Deposition of Elam Young.--Young girls taken for...

The country restored.--The order.--Description of Astoria.-- Different parties.--Northwest Fur Company.--Astor's plan.--Conflict of the two British fur companies.--The treaties....

Missions among the Western Indians.--The Coeur d'Alêne Mission.--Protestant and Catholic missions compared.--What the American Protestant missionaries have done for the country...

Case of The Hudson's Bay Company v. The United States.-- Examination of Mr. McTavish.--Number of witnesses.--Their ignorance.--Amount claimed.--Original stock.--Value of land in...

Review of Mr. Greenhow's work in connection with the conduct and policy of the Hudson's Bay Company.--Schools and missionaries.--Reasons for giving extracts from Mr. Greenhow's...

Letter of H. H. Spalding to Dr. White.--Account of his mission among the Nez Percés.--Schools.--Cultivation.-- Industrial arts.--Moral character.--Arable land.--Letter of Commis...

The Whitman massacre.--Narratives of, by J. B. A. Brouillet and J. Ross Browne.--Extract from the New York _Evangelist_.--Statements of Father Brouillet criticised.-- Testimony...

First discovery of the river.--Natives friendly.--British ship.--Brig _Jennet_.--Snow _Sea Otter_.--The _Globe_.-- _Alert._--_Guatimozin._--_Atahualpa._--Lewis and Clarke.-- Van...

Extracts from Mr. Hines' history.--Attempt to capture an Indian horse-thief.--Dr. McLaughlin refuses to sell supplies to the signers of the petition.--Excitement in the settleme...

Description of the State House.--Conduct of the French settlers.--Arrival of Dr. Whitman's party of immigrants.-- Prosperity of the settlers.--Change in the policy of the Hudson...

Petition of Red River settlers.--Their requests, from 1 to 14.--Names.--Governor Christie's reply.--Company's reply.--Extract from minutes.--Resolutions, from 1 to 9.--Enforcing...

Lee and Hines explore the Umpqua River.--Mr. Hines tells a story.--Massacre and plunder of Smith's party by the Indians.--Sympathy of the Hudson's Bay Company.--Extract from the...

Comments on Vicar-General Brouillet's arguments against the Whitman massacre being the act of Catholics.--Joe Stanfield: Brouillet's story in his favor.--Murders on the second d...

The French and American settlers.--Hudson's Bay Company's traveling traders.--The Flatheads.--Their manner of traveling.--Marriage.--Their honesty.--Indian fight and scalp dance...

Description of the face of the country.--Agricultural and mining productions.--Timber.--The Wallamet.--Columbia.-- Dalles.--Upper Columbia.--Mountains.--Rivers.--Mineral wealth....

The Legislative Committee of nine.--Hon. Robert Moore, chairman.--Description of the members.--Minutes of their proceedings.--Dr. R. Newell, his character.--Two specimens of his...

Arrival at American rendezvous.--An Indian procession.-- Indian curiosity to see white women.--Captain N. Wyeth.-- McCleod and T. McKay.--Description of mountain men.--Their opi...

Settlers in 1836.--Wallamet Cattle Company.--What good have the missionaries done?--Rev. J. Lee and party.--The Hudson's Bay Company recommend the Wallamet--Rev. S. Parker arriv...

Missionary outfit.--On the way.--No roads.--An English nobleman.--A wagon taken along.--Health of Mrs. Spalding.--Meeting mountain men and Indians.--A feast to the Indians. Page...

Missionaries travel in company with Hudson's Bay Company party.--The Lawyer's kindness.--Arrival at Fort Hall.--Description of the country.--The Salmon Indians.--The Hudson's Ba...