Part 74

Micrathene whitneyi, III. 87.

Milvulus forficatus, ♂ II. 311, pl. 43, fig. 1

tyrannus, II. 309.

Mimus polyglottus, I. 49, pl. 3, fig. 4

Mitrephorus pallescens, ♂ II. 386, pl. 44, fig. 13

Mniotilta varia, ♂ I. 180, pl. 10, fig. 6

Molothrus pecoris, ♀ II. 154, pl. 32, fig. 6

pecoris, ♀ II. 154, pl. 32, fig. 7

obscurus, ♂ II. pl. 32, fig. 8

Motacilla alba, I. 165, pl. 10, fig. 1

Myiadestes townsendi, ♂ I. 409, pl. 18, fig. 5

townsendi (_Juv._) I. 409, pl. 18, fig. 6

Myiarchus cinerascens, ♂ II. 337, pl. 43, fig. 8

crinitus, ♂ II. pl. 43, fig. 7

lawrencii, ♂ II. pl. 43, fig. 9

Myiodioctes canadensis, ♂ I. 320, pl. 16, fig. 6

minutus, I. 316, pl. 16, fig. 2

mitratus, ♂ I. 314, pl. 15, fig. 10

mitratus, ♀ I. pl. 15, fig. 11

pileolatus, I. 319.

pusillus, ♂ I. 317, pl. 16, fig. 3

pusillus, ♀ I. 317, pl. 16, fig. 4

Nauclerus forficatus, III. 192.

Neocorys spraguei, ♀ I. 175, pl. 10, fig. 5

Nephœcetes niger, ♀ II. 429, pl. 45, fig. 4

Nisus cooperi, III. 230.

fuscus, III. 224.

mexicanus, III. 231.

Nyctale richardsoni, III. 40.

acadica, III. 43.

Nyctea scandiaca, III. 70.

Onychotes gruberi, III. 254.

Oporornis agilis, ♂ I. 290, pl. 15, fig. 1

agilis, ♀ I. 290, pl. 15, fig. 2

formosa, ♂ I. 293, pl. 15, fig. 3

Oreopeleia martinica, ♂ III. 393, pl. 58, fig. 1

Oreortyx pictus, ♂ III. 475, pl. 63, fig. 5

Oreoscoptes montanus, I. 32, pl. 3, fig. 6

Ortalida macalli, III. 398, pl. 57, fig. 1

Ortyx texanus, ♀ III. 474, pl. 63, fig. 4

texanus, ♂ III. 474, pl. 63, fig. 3

virginianus, ♂ III. 468, pl. 63, fig. 1

virginianus, ♀ III. 468, pl. 63, fig. 2

Otus brachyotus, III. 22.

wilsonianus, III. 18.

Pandion carolinensis, III. 184.

Panyptila melanoleuca, ♂ II. 424, pl. 45, fig. 5

Parula americana, ♂ I. 208, pl. 10, fig. 7

Parus atricapillus, I. 96, pl. 7, fig. 1

carolinensis, I. 102, pl. 7, fig. 4

hudsonicus, I. 105, pl. 7, fig. 7

montanus, I. 95, pl. 7, fig. 5

occidentalis, I. 101, pl. 7, fig. 3

rufescens, I. 104, pl. 7, fig. 6

septentrionalis, I. 99, pl. 7, fig. 2

Passerculus alaudinus, I. 537, pl. 24, fig. 11

anthinus, I. 539, pl. 24, fig. 10

caboti, II. pl. 46, fig. 9

guttatus, I. 544, pl. 25, fig. 1

princeps, I. 540, pl. 25, fig. 2

rostratus, I. 542, pl. 24, fig. 12

sandwichensis, I. 538, pl. 24, fig. 9

savanna, I. 534, pl. 24, fig. 8

Passerella iliaca, II. 50, pl. 28, fig. 7

megarhyncha, II. 57, pl. 28, fig. 10

schistacea, II. 56.

townsendi, ♀ II. 53, pl. 28, fig. 8

Pediœcetes columbianus, III. 434, pl. 60, fig. 1

phasianellus, III. 436, pl. 60, fig. 3

Perisoreus canadensis, ♂ II. 299, pl. 41, fig. 3

canadensis (_Juv._) II. pl. 42, fig. 4

capitalis, ♂ II. 302, pl. 41, fig. 4

obscurus, II. 302,

Perissoglossa carbonata, I. 214, pl. 12, fig. 3

tigrina, ♂ I. 212, pl. 12, fig. 1

tigrina, ♀ I. 212, pl. 12, fig. 2

Petrochelidon lunifrons, ♂ I. 334, pl. 16, fig. 13

Peucæa æstivalis, II. 39, pl. 28, fig. 4

arizonæ, II. 41.

carpalis, II. pl. 46, fig. 8

cassini, II. 42, pl. 28, fig. 5

ruficeps, II. 45, pl. 28, fig. 6

Phænopepla nitens, ♂ I. 405, pl. 18, fig. 3

nitens, ♂ I. pl. 18, fig. 4

Phonipara zena, ♂ II. 93, pl. 29, fig. 15

zena, ♀ II. 93, pl. 29, fig. 16

Phyllopneuste borealis, I. pl. 5, fig. 5

Pica hudsonica, ♂ II. 266, pl. 38, fig. 1

nuttalli, ♂ II. 270, pl. 38, fig. 3

Picicorvus columbianus, II. 255, pl. 38, fig. 4

Picoides americanus, ♂ II. 532, pl. 50, fig. 2

arcticus, ♂ II. 530, pl. 50, fig. 1

Picus albolarvatus, ♂ II. 526, pl. 50, fig. 7

albolarvatus, ♀ II. 526, pl. 50, fig. 8

borealis, ♂ II. 524, pl. 49, fig. 8

gairdneri, II. 512.

harrisi, II. 507.

lucasanus, II. 519.

nuttalli, ♂ II. 521, pl. 50, fig. 3

nuttalli, ♀ II. 521, pl. 50, fig. 6

pubescens, ♂ II. 509, pl. 49, fig. 6

pubescens, ♀ II. 509, pl. 49, fig. 7

scalaris, ♂ II. 515, pl. 50, fig. 4

scalaris, ♀ II. pl. 50, fig. 5

villosus, ♂ II. 503, pl. 49, fig. 3

villosus, ♀ II. 503, pl. 49, fig. 4

villosus (_Juv._) ♂ II. 503, pl. 49, fig. 5

Pinicola enucleator, ♂ I. 453, pl. 21, fig. 1

enucleator, ♀ I. 453, pl. 21, fig. 2

Pipilo aberti, ♂ II. 128, pl. 31, fig. 7

albigula, ♂ II. 127, pl. 31, fig. 11

alleni, II. 112.

arcticus, ♂ II. 119, pl. 31, fig. 5

arcticus, ♀ II. 119, pl. 31, fig. 6

chlorura, ♂ II. 131, pl. 31, fig. 4

crissalis, ♂ II. 122, pl. 31, fig. 8

erythrophthalmus, ♂ II. 109, pl. 31, fig. 2

erythrophthalmus, ♂ II. 109, pl. 31, fig. 3

megalonyx, ♀ II. 113, pl. 31, fig. 9

mesoleucus, ♂ II. 125, pl. 31, fig. 10

oregonus, ♀ II. 116, pl. 31, fig. 12

Plectrophanes Iapponicus, ♂ I. 515, pl. 24, fig. 7

maccowni, ♂ I. 523, pl. 24, fig. 1

melanomus, ♂ I. 521, pl. 24, fig. 6

nivalis, ♂ I. 512, pl. 24, fig. 2

ornatus, ♂ I. 520, pl. 24, fig. 3

pictus, ♂ I. 518, pl. 24, fig. 4

pictus, ♀ I. 518, pl. 24, fig. 5

Polioptila cærulea, I. 78, pl. 6, fig. 5

melanura, I. 81, pl. 6, fig. 7

plumbea, I. 80, pl. 6, fig. 6

Polyborus auduboni, III. 178.

Poocætes gramineus, II. 545, pl. 29, fig. 1

Poospiza belli, I. 593, pl. 26, fig. 9

bilineata, ♂ I. 590, pl. 26, fig. 8

nevadensis, I. 594.

Progne cryptoleuca, I. 332.

subis, ♀ I. 329, pl. 16, fig. 7

subis, ♂ I. 329, pl. 16, fig. 10

Protonotaria citrea, I. 184, pl. 10, fig. 8

Psaltriparus melanotis, I. 108, pl. 7, fig. 8

minimus, I. 109, pl. 7, fig. 9

plumbeus, I. 110, pl. 7, fig. 10

Pseudogryphus californianus, III. 338.

Psilorhinus morio, ♀ II. 304, pl. 42, fig. 2

Pyranga æstiva, ♂ I. 441, pl. 20, fig. 5

æstiva, ♀ I. 441, pl. 20, fig. 6

cooperi, ♂ I. 444, pl. 20, fig. 1

cooperi, ♀ I. 444, pl. 20, fig. 2

hepatica, ♂ I. 440, pl. 20, fig. 9

hepatica, ♀ I. 440, pl. 20, fig. 10

ludoviciana, ♂ I. 437, pl. 20, fig. 3

ludoviciana, ♀ I. 437, pl. 20, fig. 4

rubra, ♂ I. 435, pl. 20, fig. 7

rubra, ♀ I. 435, pl. 20, fig. 8

Pyrgita domestica, I. 525, pl. 23, fig. 12

Pyrocephalus mexicanus, ♂ II. 387, pl. 44, fig. 5

Pyrrhula cassini, ♂ I. 457, pl. 23, fig. 11

Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, ♂ II. 95, pl. 30, fig. 3

Quiscalus æneus, II. 218.

aglæus, ♂ II. 221, pl. 37, fig. 2

macrourus, ♂ II. 225, pl. 36, fig. 1

macrourus, ♀ II. 225, pl. 36, fig. 2

major, ♂ II. 222, pl. 36, fig. 3

major, ♀ II. 222, pl. 36, fig. 4

purpureus, ♂ II. 214, pl. 37, fig. 1

Regulus calendula, I. 75, pl. 5, fig. 9

cuvieri, I. 75, pl. 5, fig. 7

satrapa, I. 73, pl. 5, fig. 8

Rhinogryphus aura, III. 344.

Rostrhamus sociabilis, III. 209.

Salpinctes obsoletus, I. 135, pl. 8, fig. 3

Saxicola œnanthe, I. 60, pl. 5, fig. 6

Sayornis fuscus, ♂ II. 343, pl. 45, fig. 2

nigricans, ♂ II. 340, pl. 45, fig. 1

sayus, ♂ II. 347, pl. 45, fig. 3

Scardafella inca, ♂ III. 387, pl. 58, fig. 7

Scolecephalus cyanocephalus, ♀ II. 206, pl. 35, fig. 3

ferrugineus, ♂ II. 203, pl. 35, fig. 4

Scops asio, III. 49.

flammeola, III. 58.

floridana, III. 57.

kennicotti, III. 53.

maccalli, III. 52.

Seiurus aurocapillus, I. 280, pl. 14, fig. 11

ludovicianus, ♂ I. 287, pl. 14, fig. 13

noveboracensis, ♂ I. 283, pl. 14, fig. 12

Selasphorus platycercus, ♂ II. 462, pl. 47, fig. 5

rufus, ♂ II. 459, pl. 47, fig. 4

Setophaga picta, ♂ II. pl. 46, fig. 7

picta, ♂ II. pl. 56, fig. 3

ruticilla, ♂ I. 322, pl. 16, fig. 1

ruticilla, ♀ I. 322, pl. 16, fig. 5

Sialia arctica, I. 67, pl. 5, fig. 4

mexicana, I. 65, pl. 5, fig. 2

sialis, I. 62, pl. 5, fig. 3

Sitta aculeata, I. 117.

canadensis, ♂ I. 118, pl. 8, fig. 7

canadensis, ♀ I. 118, pl. 8, fig. 8

carolinensis, ♂ I. 114, pl. 8, fig. 1

carolinensis, ♀ I. 114, pl. 8, fig. 2

pusilla, I. 122, pl. 8, fig. 9

pygmæa, I. 120, pl. 8, fig. 10

Spheotyto hypogæa, III. 90.

Spermophila moreleti, ♂ II. 91, pl. 29, fig. 17

Sphyropicus nuchalis, ♂ II. 542, pl. 51, fig. 3

nuchalis, ♀ II. 542, pl. 51, fig. 4

ruber, ♂ II. 544, pl. 51, fig. 6

thyroideus, ♂ II. 547, pl. 56, fig. 6

varius, ♂ II. 539, pl. 51, fig. 1

varius, ♀ II. 539, pl. 51, fig. 2

williamsoni, ♀ II. 545, pl. 51, fig. 5

Spizella arizonæ, II. 11.

atrigularis, ♂ I. 15, pl. 26, fig. 11

atrigularis, ♂ I. 15, pl. 26, fig. 12

breweri, II. 13, pl. 27, fig. 4

monticola, II. 3, pl. 27, fig. 5

pallida, II. 11, pl. 27, fig. 3

pusilla, ♀ II. 5, pl. 27, fig. 2

socialis, II. 7, pl. 27, fig. 1

Starnœnas cyanocephala, ♂ III. 395, pl. 58, fig. 5

Stelgidopteryx serripennis, ♂ I. 350, pl. 16, fig. 12

Stellula calliope, ♂ II. 445, pl. 47, fig. 9

Strix pratincola, III. 13.

Sturnella magna, ♂ II. 174, pl. 34, fig. 2

neglecta, ♂ II. 176, pl. 34, fig. 1

Sturnus vulgaris, ♂ II. 229, pl. 35, fig. 8

Surnia ulula, III. 75.

Syrnium cinereum, III. 30.

nebulosum, III. 34.

occidentale, III. 38.

Tachycineta bicolor, ♂ I. 344, pl. 16, fig. 8

thalassina, ♂ I. 347, pl. 16, fig. 11

Thaumatias linnæi, II. 468.

Thryothorus berlandieri, I. 144, pl. 9, fig. 2

bewicki, ♂ I. 145, pl. 9, fig. 3

bewicki, I. pl. 9, fig. 4

leucogaster, I. 147.

ludovicianus, I. 142, pl. 9, fig. 1

spilurus, I. 147.

Trochilus alexandri, ♂ II. 450, pl. 47, fig. 1

colubris, ♂ II. 448, pl. 47, fig. 2

Troglodytes ædon, I. 149, pl. 9, fig. 5

alascensis, I. 157, pl. 9, fig. 8

hyemalis, I. 155, pl. 9, fig. 9

pacificus, I. pl. 9, fig. 10

parkmanni, I. 153.

Turdus aliciæ, I. 11, pl. 1, fig. 3

auduboni, I. 21, pl. 1, fig. 8

confinis, I. 27, pl. 2, fig. 1

fuscescens, I. 9, pl. 1, fig. 5

iliacus, I. 23, pl. 2, fig. 4

migratorius, I. 25, pl. 2, fig. 3

mustelinus, I. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1

nævius, I. 29, pl. 2, fig. 2

nanus, I. 20, pl. 1, fig. 7

pallasi, I. 18, pl. 1, fig. 6

swainsoni, I. 14, pl. 1, fig. 4

ustulatus, I. pl. 1, fig. 2

Tyrannus carolinensis, ♂ II. 316, pl. 43, fig. 2

couchi, ♂ II. 329, pl. 43, fig. 6

dominicensis, ♂ II. 319, pl. 43, fig. 3

verticalis, ♂ II. 324, pl. 43, fig. 4

vociferans, ♂ II. 327, pl. 43, fig. 5

Vireo atricapillus, ♂ I. 383, pl. 17, fig. 6

belli, ♂ I. 389, pl. 17, fig. 13

huttoni, ♂ I. 387, pl. 17, fig. 12

noveboracensis, ♂ I. 385, pl. 17, fig. 11

pusillus, ♂ I. 391, pl. 17, fig. 14

vicinior, ♂ I. 393, pl. 17, fig. 7

Vireosylvia barbatula, ♂ I. 360, pl. 17, fig. 1

flavoriridis, I. 366.

gilva, ♂ I. 368, pl. 17, fig. 3

olivacea, ♂ I. 363, pl. 17, fig. 2

philadelphica, I. 367, pl. 17, fig. 4

swainsoni, I. 371.

Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, ♂ II. 167, pl. 32, fig. 9

icterocephalus, ♀ II. 167, pl. 33, fig. 9

Xanthoura luxuosa, II. 295, pl. 42, fig. 1

Zenaida amabilis, ♂ III. 379, pl. 58, fig. 3

Zenaidura carolinensis, ♂ III. 383, pl. 58, fig. 2

Zonotrichia albicollis, ♂ I. 574, pl. 26, fig. 10

coronata, ♂ I. 573, pl. 26, fig. 1

gambeli, ♂ I. 569, pl. 25, fig. 11

gambeli, (_Juv._) I. 569, pl. 25, fig. 12

leucophrys, (_Juv._) ♂ I. 566, pl. 25, fig. 9

leucophrys, ♂ I. 566, pl. 25, fig. 10

querula, (_Ad._) ♂ I. 577, pl. 26, fig. 4

querula, (_autumn_) I. 577, pl. 26, fig. 7

Footnotes

[1] The whole of the systematic portion of the article on the _Raptores_, has been prepared by Mr. Ridgway; the biographies, however, are furnished by Dr. Brewer, as usual. The outlines of the skulls and sterna of the _Strigidæ_, the skulls, sterna, and heads of the _Cathartidæ_, and the generic outlines of the _Falconidæ_ and _Cathartidæ_, were drawn by Mr. Ridgway.—S. F. BAIRD.

[2] By Thomas H. Huxley, F. R. S., V. P. Z. S.; Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society of London, 1867, pp. 415–473.

[3] By Charles Ludwig Nitzsch. English edition, translated from the German by Dr. Philip Lutley Sclater, and published by the Ray Society of London, 1867.

[4] By William McGillivray, A. M.; London, 1840.

[5] See Jardine’s Contributions to Ornithology, London, 1849, p. 68; 1850, p. 51; 1851, p. 119; 1852, p. 103; and Transactions of the Zoölogical Society of London, 1862, p. 201.

[6] Hand List of Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those contained in the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F. R. S., etc. Part I. _Accipitres_, _Fisserostres_, _Tenuirostres_, and _Dentirostres_. London, 1869.

[7] I have, however, examined the sterna only of _Nyctea_, _Bubo_, _Otus_, _Brachyotus_, _Syrnium_, _Nyctale_, and _Glaucidium_.

[8] My unpublished determinations of the North American species were furnished, by request, to Dr. Coues, for introduction into his “Key of North American Birds”; consequently the names used in these pages are essentially the same as those there employed.

[9] This case of the restriction of the American representative of a European or Western Palæarctic species to the western half of the continent has parallel instances among other birds. The American form of _Falcolanarius_ (var. _polyagrus_), of _Corvus corax_ (var. _carnivorus_), _Pica caudata_ (var. _hudsonica_ and var. _nuttalli_) and of _Ægialitis cantianus_ (var. _nivosus_), are either entirely restricted to the western portion, or else are much more abundant there than in the east. The European genera _Cinclus_, _Coccothraustes_, _Nucifraga_, and _Columba_ have representatives only in the western portion of North America.

Instances of a similar relation between the plants of the Western Province of North America and those of Europe, and more striking likeness between the flora of the Eastern Region and that of Eastern Asia, are beautifully explained in Professor Gray’s interesting and instructive paper entitled “Sequoia, and its History,” an address delivered at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Dubuque, Iowa, August, 1872. The poverty in the species of tortoises, and richness in lizards, and the peculiarities of the ichthyological fauna, as well as absence of forms of Western North America and Europe, compared with Eastern North America and Eastern Asia, afford other examples of parallelism in other classes of the Animal Kingdom.

[10] See Baird, Am. Journ. Arts and Sciences, Vol. XLI, Jan. and March, 1866; Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoöl. Cambridge, Vol. II, No. 3; and Ridgway, Am. Journ. Arts and Sciences, Vols. IV and V, Dec., 1872, and Jan., 1873.

[11] For diagnoses of these geographical races of _Strix flammea_, see pp. 1339 and 1340.

[12] See Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoöl., Cambridge, Vol. II, No. 3, pp. 338, 339, where these plumages are discussed at length.

[13] _Strix flammea_, var. _flammea_. _Strix flammea_, LINN. S. N. I, 133, 1766, et AUCT.-STRICKL. Orn. Syn. I, 1855, 178. _Strix alba_, SCOP. Ann. 1st, p. 21, 1768.—GMEL. S. N. 293.—LATH.—DAUD.—LEP. and SHAW. _Strix guttata_, BREHM, Vög. Deutschl. p. 106, 1831. _Hab._ Europe and Africa.