Part 68

VENTRIC´ULUS BULBO´SUS, _n._ Same as _gigerium_.

VENTRIC´ULUS SUCCENTURIA´TUS, _n._ Same as _proventriculus_.

VERMICULA´TION, _n._ Very fine crosswise marking.

VER´MIFORM, _a._ Shaped like a worm; as, a woodpecker’s tongue. LUMBRICIFORM is the same.

VER´NAL, _a._ Relating to the spring.

VERRU´COUS, _a._ Warty.

VER´SATILE, _n._ Reversible; susceptible of turning either way.

VERTEBRA, _n._; pl. _vertebræ_. Any bone of the spine; any one of the backbones.

VER´TEBRAL, _a._ Pertaining to the backbone.

VERTEBRARTE´RIAL (_canal_), _a._ for _n._ Passage for an artery through several cervical vertebræ.

VER´TEBRATE, _a._ Having a backbone; also, used substantively for an animal with a backbone.

VER´TEX, _n._ Crown; highest central portion of pileus.

VESCIC´ULA SEMINA´LIS, _n._ A structure, imperfect or wanting in birds, for storage of semen.

VESTI´TUS, _a._ or _n._ Clothed, i.e. feathered. Clothing, i.e. plumage; as, _vestitus nuptialis_, breeding plumage.

VEXIL´LUM, _n._ Rhachis and web of a feather taken together; all of a feather excepting _calamus_.

VIBRIS´SA, _n._; pl. _vibrissæ_. Bristly or bristle-tipped feather about the mouth of a bird.

VIC´TUS, _n._ Food; diet.

VIL´LI, _n. pl._ Soft papulous projections of membrane.

VIS´CERAL, _a._ Pertaining to the viscera.

VIS´CUS, _n._; pl. _viscera_. Any interior organ of the body, but especially of the digestive system. The stomach is a _viscus_; the intestines are _viscera_.

VI´SUS, _n._ Vision; eyesight.

VI´TELLINE, _a._ Pertaining to the vitellus.

VI´TELLINE MEM´BRANE, _n._ An envelope of the vitellus.

VITEL´LUS, _n._ YOLK (which see).

VIT´REOUS, _a._ Glassy; said of the humor in the back chamber of the eye.

VIT´TA, _n._ Broad band of color.

VO´MER, _n._ A bone of the skull, lying at the base, in the median line, in advance of the sphenoid. Also, the peculiarly shaped and enlarged last bone of the tail, or pygostyle.

W.

WASHED, _a._ As if overlaid with a thin layer of different color.

WAT´TLE, _n._ A naked, fleshy, and usually wrinkled and highly colored skin hanging from the chin or throat, as in the cock and turkey.

WEB, _n._ The vane of a feather, on either side of the rhachis.

WEDGE-SHAPED, _a._ See CUNEATE.

WHIS´KERED, _a._ Having lengthened or bristly feathers on the cheeks.

WING, _n._ (73.) See ALA.

WING, BEND OF. (77.) See FLEXURA.

WING-COVERTS, _n. pl._ (83.) See TECTRICES.

WOLFF´IAN BODIES, _n._ Certain organs of the embryo associated with the uro-genitals.

X.

XI´PHOID, _a._ or _n._ Sword-shaped. Posterior prolongation of the sternum.

Y.

YOLK or YELK, _n._ “Yellow” of an egg; a soft, opaque, yellow globular mass, enveloped in a proper membrane (the vitelline) and suspended in the white by the _chalazæ_. It has a central cavity full of a clear substance, furnished with a duct leading to a mass of cells termed _proligerous disc_; adhering to its surface is the _cicatriculum_, or “tread,” which becomes the embryo.

Z.

ZO´NA PELLU´CIDA, _n._ Consolidated membranous envelope of the primitive ovum.

ZOÖLOGY, _n._ Natural history of animals, of which ornithology is one department.

ZYGAPOPH´YSIS, _a._ Articular process of a vertebra.

ZYGODAC´TYLE, _a._ Yoke-toed; having the toes in pairs, two before and two behind.

ZYGO´MA, _n._ Malar bone and its connections.

ZYGOMAT´IC, _a._ Pertaining to the malar bone.

INDEXES.

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

Ani, II. 488.

Bee Martin, II. 316. Bird of Paradise (Texas), II. 311. Birds of Prey, III. 1. Blackbird, Brewer’s, II. 206. Cow, II. 154. Crimson-shouldered, II. 163. Crow, II. 214. Red and White shouldered, II. 165. Redwing, II. 159. Rusty, II. 203. Savanna, II. 488. Swamp, II. 159. White-winged, II. 61. Yellow-headed, II. 167. Black Warrior, III. 292. Bluebird, Eastern, I. 62. California, I. 65. Rocky Mountain, I. 67. Bobolink, II. 149. Bob-White, III. 468. Bull-Bat, II. 401. Bullfinch, Cassin’s, I. 457. Bunting, Arctic, II. 119. Baird’s, I. 531. Bay-winged, I. 545. Black-crowned, I. 573. Black-throated, II. 65. Blue, II. 82. Cañon, II. 125. Chestnut-collared, I. 520. Green-tailed, II. 131. Henslow’s, I. 550. Indigo, II. 82. Lark, II. 61. Leconte’s, I. 552. Long-clawed, II. 113. Maccown’s, I. 523. Painted, II. 87. Seaside, I. 560. Sharp-tailed, I. 557. Smith’s, I. 518. Townsend’s, II. 68. Varied, II. 86. Western Yellow-winged, I. 556. Yellow-winged, I. 553. Burion, I. 465, 466, 468. Bush-Titmouse, Black-eared, I. 108. Lead-colored, I. 110. Least, I. 109. Yellow-headed, I. 112. Butcher-Bird, I. 415. Buzzard, Harris’s, III. 250. Turkey, III.

Cardinal, Cape, II. 103. Grosbeak, II. 100. Texas, II. 95. Catbird, I. 52. Cedar-Bird, I. 401. Chacalacca, Texas, III. 398. Chaparral Cock, II. 472. Chat, Long-tailed, I. 309. Yellow-breasted, I. 390. Chatterer, Bohemian, I. 396. Chewink, II. 109. Florida, II. 112. White-eyed, II. 112. Chickadee, Brown-capped, I. 105. Chestnut-backed, I. 104. Eastern, I. 96. Hudson’s Bay, I. 105. Long-tailed, I. 99. Mountain, I. 95. Southern, I. 102. Western, I. 101. White-browed, I. 95. Chippy, II. 7. Chuck-Will’s Widow, II. 410. Cock of the Plains, III. 429. Condor, California, III. 338. Cowbird, II. 154. Creepers, I. 124, 425. Creeper, Bahama, I. 428. Brown, I. 125. Mexican, I. 128. Crossbill, Mexican, I. 488. Red, I. 484. White-winged, I. 488. Crow, Carrion, III. 351. Clarke’s, II. 255. Common, II. 243. Fish, II. 251. Florida, II. 247. Northwestern Fish, II. 248. White-necked, II. 242. Cuckoos, II. 470. Cuckoo, Black-billed, II. 484. Mangrove, II. 482. Yellow-billed, II. 477. Curassows, III. 397.

Dipper, American, I. 56. Dove, Carolina, or Common, III. 383. Ground, III. 389. Red-billed, III. 363. Scaly, III. 387. White-winged, III. 376. Zenaida, III. 379.

Eagle, American, III. 326. Bald, III. 326. Caracara, III. 178. Golden, III. 314. Ring-tailed, III. 314. Emerald, Linnæus’s, II. 468.

Falcons, III. 103. Falcon, American Peregrine, III. 132. Aplomado, III. 155. Black Peregrine, III. 137. Prairie, III. 123. Finches, I. 466. Finch, Black-faced, II. 93. Blanding’s, II. 131. California Purple, I. 465. Cañon, II. 122. Cassin’s Purple, I. 460. Crimson-fronted, I. 465, 466. Eastern Purple, I. 462. Gray-cheeked, I. 507. Gray-crowned, I. 504. Gray-eared, I. 508. Hepburn’s, I. 507. Lazuli, II. 84. Lincoln’s, II. 31. Mountain, II. 3. Painted, II. 87. Summer, II. 39. Yellow-throated, II. 65. Flicker, II. 575. Cape, II. 583. Hybrid, II. 582. Red-shafted, II. 578. Flycatcher, Arkansas, II. 324. Ash-throated, II. 337. Buff-breasted Least, II. 386. Canada, I. 320. Cassin’s, II. 327. Crested, II. 334. Fork-tailed, II. 309. Great-crested, II. 334. Green Black-capped, I. 317. Hammond’s, II. 383. Least, II. 372. Little, II. 366. Mexican Olive-sided, II. 356. Olive-sided, II. 353. Red, II. 387. Shining-crested, I. 405. Small-headed, I. 316. Small Green-crested, II. 374. Swallow-tail, II. 311. Traill’s, II. 369. Western Yellow-bellied, II. 380. Wright’s, II. 381. Yellow-bellied, II. 378.

Gerfalcon, Black, III. 117. Iceland, III. 113. McFarlane’s, III. 115. White, III. 111. Gnatcatcher, Arizona, I. 80. Black-capped, I. 81. Blue-gray, I. 78. Eastern, I. 78. Lead-colored, I. 80. Goatsuckers, II. 398. Goatsucker, Long-winged, II. 401. Short-winged, II. 410. Goldfinch, Arizona, I. 476. Arkansas, I. 474. Black, I. 478. Lawrence’s, I. 478. Mexican, I. 478. Pine, I. 480. Rocky Mountain, I. 474. Goshawk, American, III. 237. Grakle, Boat-tailed, II. 222. Bronzed, II. 218. Florida, II. 221. Great-tailed, II. 225. Purple, II. 215. Greenlet, Florida, I. 360. Philadelphia, I. 367. Red-eyed, I. 363. Warbling, I. 368. Western Warbling, I. 371. Grosbeak, Black-headed, II. 73. Blue, II. 77. Evening, I. 449. Pine, I. 453. Rose-breasted, II. 70. Ground-Tits, I. 83, 84. Grouse, III. 414. Canada, III. 416. Dusky, III. 422. Franklin’s, III. 419. Oregon, III. 454. Oregon Dusky, III. 425. Pinnated, III. 440. Richardson’s Dusky, III. 427. Ruffled, III. 448. Sharp-tailed, III. 434. Shoulder-knot, III. 448. Spotted, III. 416. Willow, III. 457. Gyrfalcon. _See_ Gerfalcon.

Hang-Nest, II. 195. Harrier, American, III. 214. Hawk, American Sparrow, III. 169. Baird’s, III. 263. Band-tail, III. 272. Black, III. 304. Broad-winged, III. 259. California Squirrel, III. 300. Cooper’s, III. 230. Cooper’s Red-tailed, III. 295. Duck, III. 132. Fish, III. 184. Gruber’s, III. 254. Harlan’s, III. 292. Marsh, III. 214. Mexican, III. 246. Mexican Blue-backed, III. 231. Pigeon, III. 144. Red-bellied, III. 277. Red-shouldered, III. 275. Red-tailed, III. 281. Rough-legged, III. 304. Sharp-shinned, III. 224. Sharp-winged, III. 266. Swainson’s, III. 263. Swallow-tailed, III. 192. Heathcock, Black-spotted, III. 416. High-Holder, II. 575. Hoot-Owl, III. 34. House-Finch, California, I. 468. Hummer, Ruffed, II. 457. Humming-Birds, II. 437. Humming-Bird, Anna, II. 454. Black-chinned, II. 450. Broad-tailed, II. 462. Calliope, II. 445. Costa’s, II. 457. Heloisa’s, II. 465. Ruby-throated, II. 448. Rufous-backed, II. 459. Xantus’s, II. 467.

Indigo-Bird, II. 82.

Jackdaw, II. 222. Jay, Alaskan Gray, II. 302. Blue, II. 273. Brown, II. 304. California, II. 288. Canada, II. 299. Florida, II. 285. Green, II. 295. Long-crested, II. 281. Maximilian’s, II. 260. Rocky Mountain Gray, II. 302. Sierra, II. 279. Steller’s, II. 277. Ultramarine, II. 293. Woodhouse’s, II. 291.

Kestrel, American, III. 169. Kingbird, II. 316. Couch’s, II. 329. Gray, II. 319. King-Buzzard, III. 178. Kingfishers, II. 391. Kingfisher, Belted, II. 392. Green, II. 396. Texas, II. 396. Kinglet, Cuvier’s, I. 75. Golden-crowned, I. 73. Ruby-crowned, I. 75. Kite, Black-shouldered, III. 198. Blue, III. 203. Everglade, III. 203. Fork-tailed, III. 192. Hook-bill, III. 203. Mississippi, III. 203. White-tailed, III. 198.

Lanner, American, III. 123. Lark, Meadow, II. 174. Old Field, II. 174. Western, II. 176. Linnet, Brewster’s, I. 501. House, I. 465. Red-headed, I. 468. Log-Cock, II. 550. Loggerhead, I. 418. Western, I. 421. Longspur, Black-bellied, I. 520. Black-shouldered, I. 521. Chestnut-shouldered, I. 523. Lapland, I. 515. Painted, I. 518.

Magpie, II. 266. Yellow-billed, II. 270. Martin, Cuban, I. 332. Purple, I. 329. Sand, I. 353. Marsh-Wren, Long-billed, I. 161. Short-billed, I. 159. Merlin, American, III. 144. Black, III. 147. Richardson’s, III. 148. Mocking-Bird, I. 49. Moose-Bird, II. 299.

Night-Hawk, II. 401. Texas, II. 406. Western, II. 404. Nonpareil, II. 87. Nuthatch, Brown-headed, I. 122. Pygmy, I. 120. Red-bellied, I. 118. Slender-billed, I. 117. White-bellied, I. 114.

Orioles, II. 147. Oriole, Audubon’s, II. 186. Baltimore, II. 195. Bullock’s, II. 199. Hooded, II. 193. Orchard, II. 190. Red-winged, II. 159. Scott’s, II. 188. Osprey, American, III. 184. Owls, III. 4. Owl, American Barn, III. 13. American Hawk, III. 75. American Snowy, III. 70. American Sparrow, III. 40. Barred, III. 34. Burrowing, III. 90. California Pygmy, III. 81. Feilner’s, III. 58. Great Gray, III. 30. Great Horned, III. 62. Kennicott’s, III. 53. Kirtland’s, III. 43. Lesser-horned, III. 18. Little Red, III. 49. Long-eared, III. 18. Marsh, III. 22. Mottled, III. 49. Red-tailed, III. 85. Richardson’s, III. 40. Saw-whet, III. 43. Short-eared, III. 22. Spotted, III. 38. Western-barred, III. 38. Western Great-horned, III. 64. Western-mottled, III. 52. White-fronted, III. 43. Whitney’s, III. 87.

Paisano, II. 472. Parakeet, II. 587. Parrots, II. 585. Parrot, Carolina, II. 587. Illinois, II. 587. Orange-headed, II. 587. Partridge, III. 448, 466, 468. Massena, III. 492. Mountain, III. 453. Plumed, III. 475. Scaled or Blue, III. 487. Spruce, III. 416. Pewee, II. 343. Black, II. 340. Say’s, II. 347. Short-legged, II. 360. Western Wood, II. 360. Wood, II. 357. Pheasant, III. 448. Phœbe-Bird, II. 343. Pigeons, III. 357. Pigeon, Band-tailed, III. 360. Blue-headed, III. 395. Key West, III. 393. Passenger, III. 368. White-headed, III. 363. Wild, III. 368. Pipit, American, I. 171. European, I. 173. Sprague’s, I. 175. Poor-Will, II. 417. Prairie-Chicken, III. 440. Prairie-Hen, III. 440. Texas, III. 446. Ptarmigan, White, III. 457. Rock, III. 462. White-tailed, III. 464.

Quail, III. 468. California, III. 479. Gambel’s, III. 482. Mountain, III. 475.

Raven, American, II. 234. Redbird, II. 100. Summer, I. 441. Redbreast, American, I. 25. Red-Poll, Lesser, I. 493. Mealy, I. 498. Redstart, American, I. 322. Red-Tail, Eastern, III. 282. St. Lucas, III. 285. White-bellied, III. 284. Reedbird, II. 149. Ricebird, II. 149. Road-Runner, II. 472. Robins, I. 25. Robin, Cape St. Lucas, I. 27. Golden, II. 195. Ground, II. 109. Oregon, I. 29. Oregon Ground, II. 116.

Sage-Cock, III. 429. Sapsucker, Larger, II. 503. Lesser, II. 509. Scissor-Tail, II. 311. Screech-Owl, III. 49. Sea-Eagle, Gray, III. 324. Seed-Eater, Little, II. 91. Sharp-Tail, Columbia, III. 436. Shore-Lark, II. 141. Shrikes, I. 412. Shrike, Great Northern, I. 415. Southern, I. 418. White-rumped, I. 421. White-winged, I. 420. Skylark, II. 136. Missouri, I. 175. Snowbirds, I. 580. Snowbird, Oregon, I. 584. Red-backed, I. 587. White-winged, I. 584. Snow-Bunting, I. 512. Solitaire, Townsend’s, I. 409. Sparrows, I. 528. Sparrow, Arizona, II. 41. Artemisia, I. 594. Bachman’s, II. 39. Bell’s, I. 593. Black-chinned, II. 15. Black-hooded, I. 577. Black-throated, I. 590. Brewer’s, II. 13. California Shore, I. 539. Cassin’s, II. 42. Chipping, II. 7. Clay-colored, II. 11. Field, II. 5. Fox-colored, II. 50. Golden-crowned, I. 573. Grass, I. 545. Harris’s, I. 577. Heermann’s Song, II. 24. House, I. 525. Ipswich, I. 540. Kodiak Song, II. 30. Lark, I. 562. Little Brown, II. 5. Northwest Savanna, I. 538. Oregon Song, II. 27. Rufous-crowned, II. 45. Rusty Song, II. 29. St. Lucas, I. 544. Samuel’s Song, II. 26. San Diego, I. 542. Savanna, I. 534. Song, II. 19. Swamp, II. 34. Texas, II. 47. Thick-billed, II. 57. Townsend’s, II. 53. Tree, II. 3. Western Chipping, II. 11. Western Savanna, I. 537. Western Song, II. 22. Western White-crowned, I. 569. White-crowned, I. 566. White-throated, I. 574. Starlings, II. 228. Starling, II. 229. Swallows, I. 326. Swallow, Aculeated, II. 432. Bank, I. 353. Barn, I. 339. Chimney, II. 432. Cliff, I. 334. Eave, I. 334. Rough-winged, I. 350. Violet-green, I. 347. White-bellied, I. 344. Swifts, II. 421. Swift, Black, II. 429. Oregon Chimney, II. 435. White-throated, II. 424.

Tanagers, I. 431. Tanager, Louisiana, I. 437. Scarlet, I. 435. Thistle-Bird, I. 471. Thrasher, Brown, I. 37. California, I. 45. Cape St. Lucas, I. 40. Gray Curve-Bill, I. 41. Leconte’s, I. 44. Palmer’s, I. 43. Red-vented, I. 47. Sage, I. 32. Texas, I. 39. Thrushes, I. 1. Thrush, Alice’s, I. 11. Dwarf Hermit, I. 20. Golden-crowned, I. 280. Gray-cheeked, I. 11. Hermit, I. 18. Louisiana Water, I. 287. Rocky Mountain Hermit, I. 21. Olive-backed, I. 14. Oregon, I. 16. Red-wing, I. 23. Rufous-tailed, I. 18. Small-billed Water, I. 283. Swainson’s, I. 14. Tawny, I. 9. Varied, I. 29. Wilson’s, I. 9. Wood, I. 7. Titlark, I. 171. Titmice, I. 86. Titmouse, Black-capped, I. 96. Black-fronted, I. 87. Black-tufted, I. 90. California, I. 91. Gray-tufted, I. 91. Striped-headed, I. 93. Texas, I. 90. Tufted, I. 87. Wollweber’s, I. 93. Towhees, II. 109. Towhee, Abert’s, II. 128. Brown, II. 122. Cape, II. 127. Troupial, II. 184. Turkey-Buzzard, III. 344. Turkeys, III. 402. Turkey, Mexican, III. 410. Wild, III. 404. Tyrant Flycatchers, II. 306.

Vireo, Arizona, I. 393. Bell’s, I. 389. Black-capped, I. 383. Blue-headed, I. 373. Cassin’s, I. 376. Hutton’s, I. 387. Lead-colored, I. 377. Least, I. 391. White-eyed, I. 385. Yellow-green, I. 366. Yellow-throated, I. 379. Vultures, III. 335, 338. Vulture, Black, III. 351. Red-headed, III. 344.

Wagler, I. 578. Wagtails, I. 164. Wagtail, White, I. 165. Yellow, I. 167. Warblers, I. 177. Warbler, Alaska Willow, I. 70. Arizona, I. 243. Audubon’s, I. 229. Bachman’s, I. 194. Bay-breasted, I. 251. Black and White, I. 180. Black and Yellow, I. 232. Blackburnian, I. 237. Black-masked Ground, I. 297. Black-Poll, I. 248. Black-throated Blue, I. 254. Black-throated Gray, I. 258. Black-throated Green, I. 261. Blue Mountain, I. 271. Blue-winged Yellow, I. 195. Blue Yellow-backed, I. 208. Cærulean, I. 235. Cape May, I. 212. Carbonated, I. 214. Chestnut-sided, I. 245. Connecticut, I. 290. Creeping, I. 180. Golden Swamp, I. 184. Golden-winged, I. 192. Hooded, I. 314. Kentucky, I. 293. Kirtland’s, I. 272. Lucy’s, I. 200. Macgillivray’s Ground, I. 303. Maryland Yellow-throat, I. 297. Mourning, I. 301. Myrtle, I. 227. Nashville, I. 196. Olive-headed, I. 258. Orange-crowned, I. 202. Orange-throated, I. 237. Pacific Orange-crowned, I. 204. Pine-creeping, I. 268. Prairie, I. 276. Prothonotary, I. 184. Rocky Mountain, I. 199. Swainson’s Swamp, I. 190. Tennessee, I. 205. Townsend’s, I. 265. Virginia’s, I. 199. Western, I. 266. Western Yellow-rump, I. 229. White-throated Blue, I. 235. Worm-eating Swamp, I. 187. Yellow Red-poll, I. 273. Yellow-rump, I. 227. Yellow-throated Gray, I. 240. Water Ouzel, I. 56. Waxwing, Northern, I. 396. Southern, I. 401. Wheat-Ear, I. 60. Whippoorwill, II. 413. Nuttall’s, II. 417. Whiskey-Jack, II. 299. Woodcock, Black, II. 550. Woodpecker, Black-backed Three-toed, II. 530. Brown-headed, II. 547. California, II. 566. Cape, II. 519. Downy, II. 509. Gairdner’s, II. 512. Gila, II. 558. Hairy, II. 503. Harris’s, II. 507. Ivory-billed, II. 496. Ladder-backed, II. 515. Lewis’s, II. 561. Narrow-fronted, II. 573. Nuttall’s, II. 521. Pileated, II. 550. Red-bellied, II. 554. Red-breasted, II. 544. Red-cockaded, II. 524. Red-headed, II. 564. Red-naped, II. 542. White-backed, Three-toed, II. 532. White-headed, II. 526. White-rumped, II. 564. Williamson’s, II. 545. Yellow-bellied, II. 539, 557. Yellow-shafted, II. 575. Wrens, I. 130. Wren, Alaska, I. 157. Berlandier’s, I. 144. Bewick’s, I. 145. Cactus, I. 132. Cañon, I. 139. Cape Cactus, I. 133. Great Carolina, I. 142. House, I. 149. Long-tailed House, I. 145. Parkman’s, I. 153. Rock, I. 135. Western Wood, I. 153. White-throated Rock, I. 139. Winter, I. 155. Wood, I. 149. Tit, I. 84.

Yellow-Bird, I. 471. Summer, I. 222.

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES.