Part 67

RUFF, _n._ Set of lengthened or otherwise modified or peculiarly colored feathers around the throat or whole neck.

RU´GA, _n._ Ridge or raised fold; wrinkle.

RUGOSE´ or RU´GOUS, _a._ Wrinkled.

RUMP, n. UROPYGIUM (which see). (60.)

S.

SAC´RAL, _a._ Pertaining to the sacrum.

SAC´RUM, _n._ A compound bone of the spine, composed of several anchylosed vertebræ of the pelvic region, with which the iliac bones are sutured.

SAC´RO-COCCYGE´AL, _a._ Pertaining to the sacrum considered as comprising also several coccygeal vertebræ.

SAG´ITTATE, _a._ Arrow-head shaped; an elongated cordate figure with pointed lobes.

SALI´VA, _n._ Spittle.

SAL´IVARY GLANDS. Organs secreting saliva.

SAL´TATORY, _a._ Progressing by leaps. Opposed to _ambulatory_ or _gradient_.

SAN´GUIS, _n._ Blood.

SAPHE´NA, _n._ Principal vein of the leg.

SARCOLEM´MA, _n._ Same as _myolemma_.

SARTOR´IUS, _a._ Name of a certain muscle of the leg.

SAUROP´SIDA, _n._ A primary group of vertebrata, comprising birds and reptiles.

SAURU´RÆ, _n. pl._ Name of a certain primary group of _Aves_ formed for the reception of the _Archæopteryx_.

SCAB´ROUS, _a._ Scabby; scurfy; scaly. Said of a surface roughened as if in such manner.

SCANSO´RIAL, _a._ Capable of climbing, as a woodpecker.

SCAPHOLUN´AR, _n._ One of the carpals or wrist-bones.

SCAP´ULA, _n._ Shoulder-blade.

SCAP´ULAR, _a._ Pertaining to the shoulder-blade; as, _scapular_ region.

SCAP´ULAR, _n._ Any feather of a series growing on the pteryla humeralis, in an oblique line across the humerus. _Scapulars_ is generally said, the plural designating these feathers collectively; they are also called _scapularies_. (80.) The scapulars fill up what would otherwise be an interval between the inner border of the wing and the body. Illiger’s word, _parapterum_, seems to designate them, but is also used in an entirely different sense.

SCA´PUS, _n._ Entire stem of a feather; calamus + rachis. (144.)

SCHIZOGNATH´OUS, _a._ Having the palate bones separated.

SCHIZORHI´NAL, _a._ Having the nasal bones separated.

SCI´ATIC, _n._ Same as _ischiatic_; pertaining to the ischia.

SCIS´SION, _n._ A cutting apart; fissuration.

SCIS´SOR-SHAPED (_tail_), _a._ Deeply forficate.

SCLEROT´IC, _n._ Dense opaque fibrous membrane forming most of the eyeball.

SCOL´LOPED, _a_. Lobed. (137.)

SCOLO´PACINE, _a._ Snipe-like.

SCRO´TUM, _n._ Bag holding testicles.

SCUTEL´LATE, _a._ Provided with scutella.

SCUTEL´LATE TARSUS. (110.)

SCUTEL´LUM, _n._; pl. _scutella_. Scale. Any one of the divisions into which the podotheca may be broken up by regular lines of impression; especially such divisions when large and in regular vertical series; various smaller divisions being called _reticulations_. _Scutella_ occur especially on the anterior face of the tarsus and top of the toes; often also on the back of the tarsus; sometimes they completely encircle the tarsus. When thus large, some ornithologists call them _scuta_; then using _scutella_ for the smaller irregular reticulations. _Scutella_ are sometimes obsolete. (Commonly, but erroneously, written _scutellæ_.) (109.)

SCU´TIFORM, _a._ Scalelike.

SCU´TUM, _n._; pl. _scuta_. See SCUTELLUM.

SEC´ONDARY COV´ERTS. The smaller wing-feathers growing from the forearm and its region, overlying the bases of the secondary quills. (89.)

SEC´ONDARY QUILLS or SEC´ONDARIES. Quills growing upon the forearm.

SEG´MENT, _n._ A portion specially distinguished. The tarsus is a _segment_ of the leg.

SEGMENTA´TION, _n._ Division into parts. Particularly applied to a process which takes place in the vitellus or yolk during incubation.

SEL´LA TUR´CICA, _n._ A certain part of the sphenoid bone.

SE´MEN, _n._ The male fluid, containing spermatozoa.

SEMI- (_in composition_). Half.

SEMILU´NAR, _a._ Crescentic.

SEMIMEMBRANO´SUS, _n._ A certain muscle of the thigh.

SEM´INAL, _a._ Pertaining to the male generative fluid.

SEMINIF´EROUS, _a._ Secreting or conveying semen.

SEMIPAL´MATE, _a._ Half webbed; having a basal membrane between the front toes not reaching to their ends.

SEM´IPLUME, _n._ Feather with pennaceous stem and plumulaceous web.

SEMITENDINO´SUS, _n._ A certain muscle of the thigh.

SE´NILE, _a._ Aged; pertaining to old age.

SENSE, _n._ Faculty of apprehending external impressions; as, _sense_ of sight, hearing.

SEN´SORY, _a._ Relating to the senses.

SEP´TUM, _n._ A partition. Same as _Dissepiment_.

SE´ROUS, _a._ Thin, watery (of fluids).

SER´RATE, _a._ Toothed, like a saw.

SERRA´TUS, _a._ for _n._ A muscle of the trunk.

SE´RUM, _n._ Watery portion of animal fluids, especially of the blood.

SES´AMOID (_bone_), _n._ A small rotund bone situate in the substance of a tendon about a joint.

SES´SILE, _a._ Seated; i.e. without a stem or peduncle.

SETA´CEOUS, _a._ Bristly; bristled.

SE´TÆ, _n. pl._ Bristles.

SE´TIFORM, _a._ Bristle-like.

SEX´UAL, _a._ Pertaining to sex.

SEX´US, _n._ Sex.

SHAFT, _n._ (146.)

SHANK, _n._ Properly, the _shin_ or tibial segment of the leg. In case of birds oftener used, but incorrectly, for the tarsus (tarso-metatarsus).

SHIN, _n._ (98.)

SHOULDER, _n._ (68.)

SIB´ILANT, _a._ Hissing.

SIDE-NECK, _n._ (64.)

SIDE OF TARSUS, _n._ (105.)

SIDE OF TOES, _n._ (119.)

SIG´MOID, _a._ S-shaped. Several parts are so called.

SIGN, SIG´NUM, _n._ Any character or other arbitrary abbreviation of a word or term.

Prominent among those used in ornithology are: ♂, _male_; ♀, _female_; ⚪, juv. _young_, _juvenis_; ad., _adult_; hornot., _hornotine_; pull., _pullus_, _chick_; sen. or sr., _senior_, _senex_, _old_; pt., _plumage_; nupt. temp., _in the breeding season_; æst., _summer_; hyem., _winter_; vern., _spring_; aut., _autumnal_; mus., _museum_; coll., _collection_, _cabinet_; syn., _synonym_; =, _equal to_; >, _more than_; <, _less than_; +, _plus_; ×, _in a different sense_; v., _vide_, _see_; cf., _confer_, _consult_; i.e. or h.e., _that is_; l. c., _loco citato_, _in the place just cited_; op. cit., _the work cited_; h. l., _hoc loco_, _here_; auct., auctt., _author_, _authors_; script., _writer_; p., _page_; vol. or t., _volume_, _tome_; pl. or tb., _plate_, _tabula_; f., or fig., _figure_; infra, _below_ (reference); supra, _above_; qu., _query_; ?, _query_; !, _certainty, from autopsy_; err., _error_; corr., _corrigenda_; add., _addenda_; descr., _description_; id., _the same_ (person); ib. or ibid., _there_ (in the same place); quid? _what_ (may it be)? sc., _scilicet_, to wit; viz., _videlicet_, namely; excl., _exclusive of_; n., _nova_, _novum_, _new_; var., _variety_; sp., _species_; gen., _genus_; fam., _family_; ord., _order_; n. sp., n. g., _new species_, _genus_. Authors’ names are constantly abbreviated, with the first one, two, or three, or other most characteristic letters.

SINCIP´ITAL, _a._ Pertaining to the sinciput.

SIN´CIPUT, _n._ Anterior half of pileus, from bill to vertex. (32.)

SINIS´TRAD, _a._ Toward the left.

SINISTRAL, _a._ On the left side.

SI´NUS, _n._ Name of numerous and various cavities of the body.

SKEL´ETON, _n._ Sum of the bones of a body. It generally means only the _endoskeleton_ proper, or internal bony framework of the body, as distinguished from _exoskeleton_ or _dermoskeleton_.

SOLE, _n._ (106.)

SOLES OF TOES, _n._ (118.)

SO´LEUS, _n._ A muscle of the leg.

SPAT´ULATE, _a._ Spoon-shaped; contracted near the end, where enlarged.

SPE´CIES, _n._ Aggregate of individuals related by genetic succession without notable change of physical characters.

SPECIF´IC, _a._ Of, or relating to, a species; as, _specific_ name, _specific_ character.

SPEC´ULUM, _n._ Mirror; brightly colored area on the secondaries, especially of ducks.

SPERM, _n._ The secretion of the testicles; same as _semen_.

SPERMAT´IC, _a._ Pertaining to semen, or to the organs concerned in its production and emission.

SPERMATOZO´A, _n. pl._ Essence of the male seed.

SPHE´NOID (_bone_), _n._ A compound bone of the skull, constituting much of the second cranial segment.

SPHENOID´AL, _n._ Relating to the sphenoid.

SPHINC´TER, _n._ An annular muscle constricting or closing a natural orifice; especially, _sphincter ani_.

SPI´NAL, _a._ Relating to the backbone.

SPINA´LIS, _a._ for _n._ Name of a certain muscle of the back.

SPINE, _n._ Backbone. Also, any sharp projecting point of bone or horn.

SPINOSE´ or SPI´NOUS, _a._ Sometimes said of a mucronate feather.

SPLANCH´NIC, _a._ Visceral.

SPLANCHNOL´OGY, _n._ Science or study of the viscera.

SPLEEN, _n._ A deep red, soft, spongy, ductless and extremely vascular, abdominal organ of uncertain function.

SPLE´NIAL, _a._ Name of a certain element of the mandible.

SPLE´NIUS, _a._ for _n._ A certain cervical muscle.

SPUR, _n._ (108.)

SPU´RIOUS, _a._ False; bastard; imperfect; rudimentary.

SPU´RIOUS QUILL, _n._ The first primary, when rudimentary or very short.

SPU´RIOUS WING, _n._ Feathers growing on the so-called thumb of birds.

SQUAM´OUS, _a._ Scaly.

STA´PES, _n._ One of the auditory ossicles; the stirrup-bone, becoming the _columella_ in _Sauropsida_.

STEGANOP´ODOUS, _a._ Having all four toes full-webbed. (141.)

STEL´LATE, _a._ Starred.

STEM, _n._ (144.) See SCAPUS.

STER´ILE, _a._ Unfruitful; infecund; barren; noting the condition of the female corresponding to impotence of the male.

STER´NAL, _a._ Relating to the breast-bone.

STER´NUM, _n._ Breast-bone.

STETHIÆ´UM, _n._ Entire anterior half of a bird. (7.) (Little used.)

STIG´MA, _n._ See CALYX.

STIP´ULA, _n._ Newly sprouted feather.

STO´MA, _n._ Mouth.

STRAG´ULUM, _n._ Mantle; back and folded wings taken together. Same as _pallium_. (61.) (Little used.)

STRA´TUM, _n._ Layer.

STREAK, _n._ Lengthwise color-mark; not so strong, firm, or large as _stripe_.

STRI´A, _n._; pl. _striæ_. Stripe; streak.

STRI´ATE, _a._ Striped; streaked.

STRI´DENT, _a._ Shrill.

STRIG´INE, _a._ Owl-like; belonging to the _Strigidæ_.

STRIPE, _n._ A long, strong, sharp streak.

STRO´MA, _n._ Essential texture of any organ.

STRU´THIOUS, _a._ Ostrich-like.

STY´LOID or STY´LIFORM, _a._ Shaped like a peg or pin.

SUB- (_in composition_). Under; less than; not quite; somewhat; slightly so. _Sub-_ diminishes the force, point, or extent of application of a term.

SUB-BA´SAL, _a._ Near the base.

SUB-CLASS, _n._ An intermediate group often recognized between class and order, of less taxonomic value than the former.

SUBCLA´VIAN, _a._ Beneath the clavicle.

SUBFAM´ILY, _n._ A group between a family and a genus.

SUBGE´NUS, _n._ A group between a genus and a species. (Often used; of extremely indefinite value.)

SUBMAX´ILLARY, _a._ or _n._ Under the jaw. Also, equivalent to inferior maxillary or _mandible_.

SUBSCAP´ULAR, _a._ or _n._ Under the shoulder-blade; name of a muscle.

SUBTYP´ICAL, _a._ Not quite true to the type; deviating somewhat; slightly aberrant. It expresses a condition between _typical_ and _aberrant_.

SUB´ULATE, _a._ Awl-shaped.

SUFFRA´GO, _n._ The tibio-tarsal joint; the heel-joint. (103.)

SUFFU´SION, _n._ A “running” shade of color.

SUL´CATE, _a._ Grooved or channelled.

SUL´CUS, _n._ A groove or channel.

SU´PER- (_in composition_). Over; above; beyond; more than. The opposite qualification of _sub-_.

SUPERCIL´IARY, _a._ Pertaining to region of eyebrow, as a streak of color over the eye.

SUPERCIL´IUM, _n._ Eyebrow. (43.)

SUPER-FAM´ILY, _n._ A group containing one or more families, yet not of ordinal rank.

SUPERFIC´IES, _n._ The exterior in general.

SUPE´RIOR, _a._ Lying over, above, or uppermost.

SUPEROCCIP´ITAL, _a._ for _n._ The superior element of the occipital bone.

SUPER-OR´DER, _n._ A group containing one or more orders, yet not of the taxonomic rank of a class. (N. B. Super-genus is a word not yet used.)

SUPINA´TOR, _n._ Name of a muscle that effects, or tends to effect, the reverse movement of _pronation_ (which see).

SUPRA- (_in composition_). Same as _super-_.

SUPRACIL´IARY, _a._ See SUPRAORBITAL.

SUPRA-OCCIP´ITAL, _a._ for _n._ Superior element of the occipital bone.

SUPRAOR´BITAL, _a._ Situate over the orbit.

SUPRA-RENAL (_body_), _a._ for _n._ See ADRENAL.

SURAN´GULAR, _a._ Name of a certain element of the mandible.

SUR´SUM. Over; above.

SU´TURE, _n._ A kind of immovable articulation.

SYM´BOL, _n._ See SIGN.

SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM (_of nerves_). That portion of the nervous system not belonging to the cerebro-spinal axis.

SYM´PHYSIS, _n._ A growing together; as, _symphysis pubis_, _symphysis menti_.

SYNARTHRO´SIS, _n._ Same as _suture_.

SYNCHONDRO´SIS, _n._ Cartilaginous union or articulation.

SYNDAC´TYLE or SYNDAC´TYLOUS, _a._ Having two toes immovably coherent for a considerable distance.

SYNGNE´SIOUS (_foot_), _a._ Same as _syndactyle_ foot.

SYN´ONYM, _n._; pl. _syn´onyms_ or _synon´yma_. A different word of the same or similar meaning. _Archæopteryx macrurus_, Owen, is a synonym of _Arch. lithographica_, Meyer. _Synonym_ is the converse of _homonym_, which is the same word, of different meanings. Thus, _Sylvicola_, Swainson, a bird, is a _homonym_ of _Sylvicola_, Humphreys, a mollusk. (Also written _synonyme_.)

SYNON´YMOUS, _a._ Expressing the same meaning in different terms. (_Synonymical_ is also written, but rarely.) (Also written _synonomous_.)

SYNON´YMY, _n._ A collection of synonyms. In this sense, _synonymy_ is a burden and a disgrace to ornithology. Also, in the abstract, expression of the same meaning by different words. (Also written _synonomy_.)

SYNO´VIA, _n._ The peculiar glairy fluid which lubricates joints. So, _synovial_ fluid; _synovial_ membrane.

SYN´THESIS, _n._ Act of putting together this and that fact or observation, whence to deduce a generalization; opposed to _analysis_. Also, merely _composition_.

SYRINGE´AL, _a._ Pertaining to the lower larynx.

SY´RINX, _n._ The lower larynx, situate at the bottom of the trachea, at the fork of the bronchi. The vocal organ of birds.

SYS´TOLE, _n._ Contraction of the heart, urging on the blood. Opposed to _diastole_ (which see).

T.

TAC´TILE, _a._ Pertaining to the sense of touch.

TAIL, _n._ (69.) See CAUDA.

TAIL-COV´ERTS, _n. pl._ (71.) See CALYPTERIA.

TAIL-FEATHERS, _n. pl._ (70.) See RECTRICES.

TA´LUS, _n._ Same as CALCANEUS (which see).

TAR´SAL, _a._ Relating to the tarsus, or tarso-metatarsus.

TAR´SO-METATAR´SUS, _n._ The morphologically correct term for the segment, commonly called the _tarsus_ in descriptive ornithology,—that bone reaching from the tibia to the toes, and which is really nearly all metatarsus, but has at its top one of the small tarsal bones confluent with it, so that in itself it comprehends part of tarsus as well as all of metatarsus.

TAR´SUS, _n._ The ankle-bones, collectively. In birds, there are no persistently separate tarsal bones, since the two proximal ones are confluent with the extremity of the tibia, forming its so-called malleoli, and the distal one anchyloses with the metatarsus, leaving the tarsal joint between them, as in reptiles, not between the tarsal bones and the tibia, as in mammalia. But, in descriptive ornithology, the whole segment between the tibia and the toes, commonly called the shank, is usually called _tarsus_. See, also, TARSO-METATARSUS and METATARSUS. (103½.) (N. B. In the foregoing “Explanation,” etc., the word _tarsus_ is defined as used in descriptions, not in its morphologically correct sense.)

TAR´SUS, BACK OF. (106.) See PLANTA TARSI.

TAR´SUS, BOOTED. (111.) See BOOT.

TAXIDER´MY, _a._ Art of preparing and preserving skins so as to represent the appearance of the living animal.

TAXONOM´IC, _a._ Classificatory.

TAXON´OMY, _n._ Classification; rational arrangement according to some scientific principle. Biotaxy.

TEC´TRICES, _n. pl._ Coverts; the smaller feathers, either of wing or tail, but especially of the former; tail-coverts being calypteria. (72, 73, 83.)

TEC´TRICES ALÆ, _n. pl._ Wing-coverts.

TEC´TRICES CAUDÆ, _n. pl._ Tail-coverts.

TEC´TRICES INFERIO´RES, _n. pl._ Under coverts. (73.)

TEC´TRICES PERVER´SÆ, _n. pl._ Median upper wing-coverts, of the secondary set.

TEC´TRICES SUPERIO´RES, _n. pl._ Upper coverts. (72.)

TEG´MINA, _n. pl._ Same as _tectrices_.

TEG´UMENT, _n._ Same as _integument_.

TELEOLOG´ICAL, _a._ Relating to teleology.

TELEOL´OGY, _n._ Doctrine of final causes; science of adaptation of means to ends.

TEM´PLES, _n. pl._ (44.) See TEMPORA.

TEM´PORA, _n. pl._ Temples; portion of sides of head between eyes and ears. (Scarcely used.)

TEN´DO or TEN´DON, _n._ Fibrous cord or band of attachment of muscle to bone or other parts; a “leader.” _Tendo achillis_, hamstring.

TENUIROS´TRAL, _a._ Slender-billed.

TERATOL´OGY, _n._ Science of monsters.

TE´RES or TE´RETE, _a._ Cylindrical and tapering; fusiform. Also, name of a muscle.

TER´GUM, _n._ Lower back, between interscapilium and uropygium. (Not well distinguished, and little used.) (59.)

TER´MINAL, _a._ At the end.

TERMINOLOG´ICAL, _a._ Relating to terminology.

TERMINOL´OGY, _n._ Science of calling things by their right names according to some determined principle. Nomenclature.

TER´TIALS, TER´TIARIES, _n. pl._ Large inner quills of wing growing from humerus or elbow. The two or three longer inner true secondaries (which see) are often incorrectly called tertials, especially when distinguished by size, shape or color from the rest of the secondaries. (76.)

TES´TIS, _n._; pl. _testes_. Testicles; male organs secreting spermatozoa.

TETRADAC´TYLE, _a._ Four-toed.

THAL´AMUS, _n._ A certain tract of the brain.

THE´CA, _n._ Sheath.

THE´NAR, _a._ Palmar; plantar.

THE´ORY, _n._ Scientific speculation. Philosophical explanation. Result of inference from established principles.

THERMOG´ENOUS, _a._ Heat-producing, as all vital processes are.

THIGH, _n._ Segment of leg between hip and knee. (97.)

THORAC´IC, _a._ Pertaining to the chest.

THO´RAX, _n._ The chest; segment of the body enclosed by ribs, sternum, and certain vertebræ, containing heart and lungs.

THROAT, _n._ See GULA. (52.)

THUMB, _n._ In birds, the so-called thumb, upon which the alula, or bastard wing, grows, is homologically the index-finger. Penguins lack this segment.

THYROHY´AL, _n._ An element of the hyoid bone.

THY´ROID, _a._ Shield-shaped. Name of principal laryngeal cartilage.

THY´ROID CAR´TILAGE. One of those forming the larynx.

TIB´IA, _n._ Principal and inner bone of leg between knee and heel; the shin-bone.

TIB´IAL, _a._ Pertaining to the tibia.

TOE, TOES, _n._ (116.)

TOMIUM, _n._; pl. _tomia_. The cutting edge of the bill. There is a superior or maxillary _tomium_, and an inferior or mandibular _tomium_; each is double (i.e. right and left); together they are the tomia, mutually apposed when the mouth is shut.

TOP OF TOES. (117.) See ACRODACTYLUM.

TOR´QUATE, _a._ Ringed; collared.

TOR´QUES, _n._ Ring or collar of color or of feathers otherwise distinguished. Lewis’s woodpecker has a cervical _torques_ both in color and texture of the feathers.

TOTIPAL´MATE, _a._ Having all four toes webbed. Same as _steganopodous_.

TRACH´EA, _n._ Windpipe.

TRANSVERSE´, _a._ Crosswise; in direction at right angle with longitudinal axis of the body.

TREAD (_of the cock_), _n._ Cicatriculum; molecule. See YOLK.

TRI- (_in composition_). Thrice; treble.

TRI´CEPS, _n._ A certain extensor muscle of wing and leg.

TRIDAC´TYLE, _a._ Three-toed.

TRIGEM´IMUS, _a._ for _n._ A certain cranial nerve.

TRIHE´DRAL, _a._ Three-sided.

TRIV´IAL, _a._ Said of a _specific_ name. Opposed to _generic_.

TROCHAN´TER, _n._ Prominence at top of femur.

TROCH´LEA, _n._ A pulley; smooth bony surface over which a tendon plays.

TRUN´CATE, _a._ Cut squarely off.

TRUN´CUS, _n._ Trunk; body without its members. (56.)

TUBER´CULUM, _n._ Tubercle; a little lump or elevation.

TU´NIC, _n._ Enveloping membrane of various organs.

TU´NICA ALBUGIN´EA, _n._ Dense whitish membranous investment of the testicles.

TUR´BINAL, _a._ Scroll-like; name of certain bones of nasal passages.

TYLAR´I, _n. pl._ Pads under the toes. (123.)

TYM´PANIC (_bone_), _a._ for _n._ Same as OS QUADRATUM (which see).

TYM´PANUM, _n._ Ear-drum. Also, the naked inflatable air-sacs on the sides of the neck of grouse, an enlargement of the ordinary cervical reservoirs of air which communicate with the bronchi.

TYPE, _n._ Way; plan; mode. Also, sign or symbol. The _type_, or _typical form_, of a group is that which exhibits a given set of characters most perfectly. But the _type_ of a genus is usually the species, if any, from which the generic characters were especially drawn up, without reference to such qualification; while, furthermore, the _type_ of a species, in current acceptation, is merely the specimen from which the species was originally described, even though it may very inadequately represent such species.

TYP´ICAL, _a._ Of most usual structure; adhering strictly to a given plan of structure. (But compare TYPE.)

U.

UL´NA, _n._ Inner or posterior bone of forearm.

UL´NAR, _a._ Pertaining to the ulna.

UMBIL´ICAL, _a._ Relating to the umbilicus.

UMBIL´ICATE, _a._ Pitted, as if with an umbilicus.

UMBILI´CUS, _n._ Navel. Pitted scar, indicating point of entrance of placental vessels into the fœtus. Also, any similar pit or depression, as that on the scape of a feather at junction of rhachis and calamus.

UNARMED TOE. Toe bearing no claw. See DIGITUS MUTICUS. (133.)

UN´CIFORM, _a._ Hooked.

UNDER JAW. See MANDIBULUM.

UNDER PARTS. See GASTRÆUM.

UNDER TAIL-COVERTS. (13.) See CRISSUM.

UNDER WING-COVERTS. (84.) See TECTRICES.

UNDULA´TION, _n._ Wavy color-marks.

UNGUIC´ULATE, _a._ Clawed.

UNGUIS, _n._; pl. _ungues_. Claw.

UNIP´AROUS, _a._ Producing but one young. Same as _monotokous_.

UPPER BACK. (58.) See INTERSCAPILIUM.

UPPER JAW. (10.) See MAXILLA.

UPPER PARTS. (5.) See NOTÆUM.

UPPER TAIL-COVERTS. (72.) See CALYPTERIA.

UPPER WING-COVERTS. (84.) See TECTRICES.

URÆ´UM, _n._ Hinder half of a bird. (8.) (Little used.)

URE´A, _n._ A certain component of urine.

URE´TER, _n._ Tube conveying urine from kidney to cloaca.

URE´THRA, _n._ Groove in penis for direction of the discharge.

U´RINARY BLADDER, _n._ A certain compartment of the cloaca, in some birds, is so named.

U´RINE, _n._ Liquid excretion of the kidneys, in birds voided more or less mixed with the fæces.

URO-GEN´ITAL or GEN´ITO-U´RINARY, _a._ Said of organs common to the two offices implied in the words, or of such organs regarded as associate parts.

UROHY´AL, _n._ Median backward process of the hyoid bone.

UROPYG´IUM, _n._ Rump. (60.)

U´TERUS, _n._ Womb. Wanting in birds; but a lower tract of the oviduct where the eggshell is formed has been loosely so called.

V.

VACU´ITY, _n._ Deficiency in a part; as, a _vacuity_ in the bony palate.

VAGI´NA, _n._ Any sheath, in general. Particularly, the female sexual passage. In birds the lowermost tract of the oviduct is sometimes loosely so called.

VANE, _n._ (151.) See VEXILLUM.

VARIETY, _n._ A nascent species. Practically, the term designates a set of objects incompletely distinguished from others of the same species, by reason of slightness of the difference, or presence of connecting links.

VAS´CULAR, _a._ Permeated with blood vessels. Also equivalent to _circulatory_; as, the _vascular_ system.

VAS DEF´ERENS, _n._ Tube conveying semen from testes to cloaca.

VAS´TUS, _a._ for _n._ A certain muscle of the thigh.

VEIN, _n._ Vessel conveying blood from the capillaries to the heart. _Artery_ carries blood from the heart.

VE´NÆ CA´VÆ, _n. pl._ Large veins pouring blood from the system into the heart.

VE´NOUS, _a._ Pertaining to a vein; as, _venous_ blood, the _venous_ system.

VEN´TER, _n._ Lower belly. (Not well distinguished from _abdomen_, and little used.) (65.)

VEN´TRAD, _a._ Towards the belly.

VEN´TRAL, _a._ Pertaining to the belly.

VEN´TRICLE, _n._ Chamber of the heart, right or left, whence issue the pulmonary arteries and the aorta. Compare AURICLE. Also, a cavity of the cerebrum.

VEN´TRICOUS, _a._ Swollen; bulbous.