Part 65

IL´IUM, _n._ Haunch-bone; principal bone of the pelvis, forming with the ischium and pubis the _os innominatum_.

IM´BRICATED, _a._ Fixed shingle-wise with overlapping edge or end.

IMMAC´ULATE, _a._ Unspotted; not marked with different colors.

IMMATURE´, _a._ Not having yet assumed final size, shape, color, or other conditions of the adult.

IMPER´FORATE, _a._ Not pierced through; also, closed up (said chiefly of the nostrils).

IMPLACEN´TAL, _a._ Having no placenta. Birds are _implacental_.

INCISED´, _a._ Cut out; cut away.

INCUBA´TION, _n._ Act of setting on eggs to hatch them.

INCUM´BENT, _a._ Depressed or bending down upon something; laid at full length; chiefly said of the hind-toe when its whole length rests on the ground or other support, owing to its low insertion on the level of the rest. (131.)

IN´CUS, _a._ A bone of the inner ear of mammalia, held by high authority to be homologous with the _os quadratum_ of birds (which see). See also MALLEUS.

IN´DEX, _n._ The principal digit of the wing is often so called, but is really homologous with the third or middle finger of mammals; the pollex or so-called thumb of birds being the homologue of the mammalian index.

IN´DOLES, _n._ Natural disposition.

INDUMEN´TUM, _n._ Covering of birds; the ptilosis or plumage. (142.)

IN´FRA- (_in composition_). Below; under; opposite of _supra-_. It is in part synonymous with _sub-_, but refers only, to position, while _sub-_ is of more extensive application.

INFRAMAX´ILLARY, _n._ The under jaw bone, or mandible.

INFRAOR´BITAL, _a._ Below the eye-socket.

INFUNDIBU´LIFORM, _a._ Funnel-shaped.

INFUNDIB´ULUM, _n._ Funnel; name of several different organs.

INGES´TA, _n. pl._ Things eaten; contents of crop or stomach. Opposed to _egesta_.

INGLU´VIES, _n._ Crop or craw. Also used synonymously with _chin_.

IN´GUEN, _n._ The groin; whence the adj. _inguinal_. (Little used.)

IN´GUINAL, _a._ Pertaining to the groin.

INNER TOE, _n._ (127.) In most birds the second is the inner anterior toe; in the trogons, the third or middle toe becomes inner anterior by reversion of the second, which is then inner posterior. In a few exotic kingfishers, the second or inner anterior is rudimentary or wanting. In several birds the hallux or first or hinder toe is reversed, and becomes inner anterior. But in any position the _inner toe_, properly speaking, is the second, that one with only three joints.

INNOM´INATE (_bone_), _n._ The pelvic bone, composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis.

INOSCULA´TION, _n._ Same as ANASTOMOSIS (which see).

INSECTIV´OROUS, _a._ Insect-eating.

INSESSO´RES, _n. pl._ Perching-birds; an order now becoming obsolete.

INSESSO´RIAL, _a._ Relating to perching-birds.

INSIS´TENT, _a._ Said of the hind toe, when its base is so elevated that the tip only touches the ground. (130.)

IN´STINCT, _n._ Imperfect reason; the faculty of doing the right thing without knowing why.

INTEG´UMENT, _n._ A covering or envelope; commonly, the skin.

INTER- (_in composition_). Between; among.

INTERARTIC´ULAR, _a._ Between the joints; in a joint; as, _interarticular_ cartilage.

INTERCOS´TAL, _a._ Between two ribs; as, _intercostal_ muscle, artery, vein.

INTERMAX´ILLARY (_bone_), _n._ Same as PREMAXILLARY (which see).

IN´TERNODE, _n._ Any bone of a finger or toe.

INTEROR´BITAL, _a._ Between the eye-sockets.

INTERRA´MAL, _a._ Between the forks or rami of the lower jaw.

INTERRUPT´ED, _a._ Discontinuous; broken up.

INTERSCAPIL´IUM or INTERSCAP´ULUM, _n._ Region of the upper back between the shoulders. (58.)

INTERSCAP´ULAR, _a._ Between the shoulders. The plural, _interscapulars_ or interscapularies, is used to denote the feathers of such region collectively.

INVAG´INATE, _a._ Sheathed.

INVER´TEBRATE, _a._ or _n._ Having no backbone; an animal without a backbone. Opposed to _vertebrate_.

I´RIAN, IRID´IAN, _a._ Pertaining to the iris.

IRIDES´CENT, _a._ Glittering with many colors, which change in different lights.

I´RIS, _n._ Circular muscular curtain suspended perpendicularly in the eye between the aqueous and vitreous chambers, having a hole in the centre (the pupil). It is of all colors in birds.

ISCHIAT´IC, _a._ Pertaining to the ischium.

IS´CHIUM, _n._ One of the pelvic bones, the hindermost.

-ISH. A suffix, forming an adjective, _usually_ denoting possession of a quality in less degree; especially used for colors; as, _blackish_, not quite black, etc.

ISTH´MUS, _n._ Neck or narrow strip connecting two larger portions of same region, patch of color, etc.

J.

JAW, _n._ See MAXILLA, MANDIBLE.

JEJU´NUM, _n._ Portion of intestine between duodenum and ileum (not definite, and little used).

JU´GAL, _a._ Pertaining to the zygoma.

JU´GAL (_bone_), _n._ Same as _malar_ bone.

JU´GULAR, _a._ Pertaining to the jugulum.

JU´GULUM, _n._ Lower throat; lower foreneck. (53.)

JUNCTU´RA, _n._ Articulation; joint.

K.

KEEL, _n._ Same as GONYS (which see). (22.)

KNEE, _n._ Femoro-tibial articulation. (N. B. The heel-joint, _suffrago_, or tibio-metatarsal articulation, is often improperly called _knee_.) (102.)

L.

LA´BEL, _n._ Card, ticket, or similar slip of paper, parchment, etc., affixed to an object, giving written information respecting it.

LAC´ERATE, LACIN´IATE, _a._ Cut or slashed on the edge or end into a fringe or brush.

LACH´RYMAL (_bone_), _a._ A large stout bone forming part of the orbit.

LACU´NA, _n._ Small pit or depression; oftener, an open space or vacuity, as in the palate.

LACU´NÆ, _n. pl._ Certain small excavations in bone and in mucous membrane.

LACUS´TRINE, _a._ Lake-inhabiting.

LAMB´DOID, _a._ L-shaped.

LAMEL´LA, _n._; pl. _lamellæ_, LAM´INA, _n._; pl. _laminæ_, A thin plate or scale; a plate-like process. The processes inside a duck’s bill are lamellæ; the individual barbs of a feather are laminæ.

LAM´ELLATE, LAM´INATE, _a._ Having, or composed of, laminæ, or series of plates.

LAMELLIROS´TRAL, _a._ Having a lamellate bill.

LAMELLIROS´TRES, _n. pl._ A group of lamellate-billed birds (the duck tribe).

LAN´CEOLATE, _a._ Lance-head shaped; tapering narrowly at one end, less so at the other.

LARYNGE´AL, _a._ Pertaining to the larynx.

LAR´YNX, _n._ Adam’s-apple, hollow cartilaginous organ, a modification of the windpipe either at the top or bottom, but especially the former; the lower larynx being called SYRINX (which see).

LAT´ERAL, _a._ To or towards the side; on either hand from the middle line.

LAT´ERALLY, _a._ Sidewise.

LATIS´SIMUS, _a._ for _n._ A certain muscle of the back.

LEGS. (96.)

LENS (_crystalline_), _n._ A circular biconvex transparent body in the eye which brings rays of light to a focus.

LESSER WING-COVERTS, _n. pl._ The smaller anterior set of secondary coverts in several series upon the _plica alaris_.

LEVA´TOR, _n._ Generic name of muscles that elevate; as, _levator palpebræ_, lifter of the eyelid.

LIG´AMENT, _n._ Fibrous band or sheet binding bones or other structures together.

LIGAMEN´TUM NU´CHÆ, _n._ A particular strong elastic ligament along the nape and cervix of many animals.

LIGAMEN´TUM TE´RES, _n._ A particular strong fibrous cord holding the head of the femur in its socket.

LIM´BATE, _a._ Having edging of one color against another.

LI´MES FACIA´LIS, _n._ Facial outline; line of the feathers all around the bill.

LIMICO´LÆ, _n. pl._ A group of shore-waders, as plover, snipe, etc.

LIMIC´OLINE, _a._ Shore-inhabiting.

LIN´EAR, _a._ Narrow, with straight parallel sides; uniformly narrow for a long distance.

LIN´GUA, _n._ Tongue.

LINIS´CI, _n. pl._ Reticulations of the podotheca. (Little used.)

LIV´ER, _n._ See GLAND.

LO´BATE, LOBED, _a._ Furnished with membranous flaps (said chiefly of _toes_). See LOMATINUS. (137.)

LOBE, _n._ Membranous flap (generally curved, but may be straight-edged). See LOMA.

LO´MA, _n._ Lobe; membranous fringe or flap. (135.)

LOMAT´INUS, _a._ Furnished with lobes or flaps. (134.)

LONG-EXSERT´ED, _a._ Said of tail-feathers abruptly much longer than the rest.

LONGIPEN´NES, _n. pl._ A group of long-winged swimming-birds, the gulls, terns, and petrels.

LONGIPEN´NINE, _a._ Having long wings (reaching, when folded, beyond the tail).

LONGIROS´TRAL, _a._ Having a long bill (longer than the head).

LONGIROS´TRES, _n. pl._ An obsolete group of long-billed wading birds.

LONGIS´SIMUS, _a._ for _n._ A certain muscle of the back.

LONGITU´DINAL, _a._ Running lengthwise, or in direction of the antero-posterior axis of the body.

LON´GUS COL´LI. A certain muscle of the neck.

LO´RAL, _a._ Pertaining to the lore.

LORE, LO´RUM, _n._ Space between eye and bill. (39.)

LOWER BACK. (59.) See TERGUM.

LOWER JAW. LOWER MANDIBLE. (11.) See MANDIBLE.

LOWER PARTS. (6.) See GASTRÆUM.

LOWER WING-COVERTS. (85.) See TECTRICES.

LOWER TAIL-COVERTS. See CALYPTERIA, CRISSUM, TECTRICES.

LUM´BAR, _a._ Pertaining to, or situate in, the loins. In birds, a _lumbar_ region or _lumbar_ vertebræ are not well distinguished, if at all; and in many, rib-bearing vertebræ continue into the sacral region.

LUMBRIC´IFORM, _a._ Same as VERMIFORM (which see).

LU´NULATE, _a._ Narrowly crescentic.

LU´TEOUS, _a._ Clay-colored.

LYMPHAT´IC, _a._ or _n._ Pertaining to lymph; an absorbent vessel.

LY´RATE, _a._ Lyre-shaped, as the tail of _Menura superba_ or _Tetrao tetrix_.

M.

MAC´ERATED, _a._ Soaked to softness.

MAC´ULA, _n._ A spot.

MAC´ULATE, _a._ Spotted.

MAG´NUM, _a._ for _n._ One of the carpal bones.

MA´LA, _n._ Basal portion of outside of lower jaw, usually feathered. (Sometimes used for corresponding portion of upper jaw; the site and boundary of _mala_ and _gena_ are not well determined, and vary with writers. Both lie on side of head, back of bill, and under lore, eye, and ear.) (26.)

MA´LAR RE´GION. Same as _mala_.

MALLEO´LUS, _n._; pl. _malleoli_. The enlarged articular surface of the bottom of the tibia; in birds formed by confluence of the two proximal tarsal ossicles.

MAL´LEUS, _n._ A bone of the inner ear of mammalia, held by high authority as probably homologous with the OS QUADRATUM (which see).

MAM´MA, _n._ Teat.

MAM´MARY, _a._ Pertaining to the teats, or function of lactation.

MAN´DIBLE, MANDIB´ULA, _n._ Jaw. Properly the _under_ jaw, the upper jaw being _maxilla_. (11.)

MANDIB´ULAR, _a._ Pertaining to the under jaw. (_Maxillary_ relates to the upper jaw.)

MANDUCA´TION, _n._ Mastication.

MANDU´CATORY, _a._ Pertaining to mastication.

MANTLE, _n._ (61.) See STRAGULUM and PALLIUM.

MANU´BRIUM STER´NI, _n._ (Literally “handle.”) Process of breast-bone on front border at root of keel.

MAN´US, _n._ Hand; all of the wing, excepting the feathers, which lies beyond the wrist; the metacarpus and digits, with associate soft parts. It corresponds with _pes_.

MAR´BLING, _n._ Fine spotting and streaking intermixed; variegation like marble. The markings are more distinct than in clouding or _nebulation_.

MAR´GINAL FRINGE, _n._ See LOMA. (135.)

MAR´GO, _n._ Margin. _Margo mentalis_, inner boundary of the forks of the mandible. _Margo malaris_, boundary of the base of the mala.

MARSU´PIUM, _n._ Vascular, erectile, membranous organ in the back chamber of the eye of birds, supposed to aid in accommodation of vision. Also called _pecten_.

MASSE´TER, _n._ One of the muscles that effect mastication.

MAS´TAX, _n._ “Side of the forepart of head, adjacent to the base of the bill.” (37.) (Little used, and undistinguished from _lore_.)

MAS´TOID, _a._ Name of a process of the temporal bone.

MA´TRIX, _n._ Mould. Tissue or organ containing something and determining its form or other condition.

MAXIL´LA, _n._ Jaw, especially the upper jaw, or _maxilla superior_; the _maxilla inferior_ being especially called _mandibula_. (10.)

MAX´ILLAR, MAX´ILLARY, _a._ Pertaining to the upper jaw. _Maxillary bone_, the cheek-bone; in birds an inconsiderable bone of the bill itself, not of the cheek.

MAX´ILLO-PAL´ATINE (_bone_), _n._ Certain paired bone of the upper jaw in the palate.

MEA´TUS, _n._ Passage or canal. _Meatus auditorius_, ear-passage.

ME´DIAN, _a._ Lying in the middle line. Opposed to _lateral_.

MEDIASTI´NUM, _n._ One of the thoracic partitions.

MEDUL´LA, _n._ Marrow. _Medulla spinalis_, spinal cord. _Medulla oblongata_, tract of nerve matter between cerebellum and spinal cord proper.

MEL´ANISM, _n._ State of coloration resulting from excess of black or dark pigment; a frequent condition of hawks.

MELANIS´TIC, MELANOT´IC, _a._ Affected with melanism.

MEM´BRANA PUTAM´INIS, _n._ The lining membrane of the egg-shell, formed of dense modified albumen.

MEM´BRANE, _n._ Thin soft sheet of various structure covering a part or organ. _Cerebral_ or _spinal membrane_. See MENINGES. _Nictitating membrane_, the third or inner eyelid of birds, which sweeps across the ball. Soft skinny covering of the bill of many birds is said to be _membranous_. Webbing of the toes is the interdigital _membrane_. _Loma_ is a fringed _membrane_.

MEM´BRUM, _n._; pl. _membra_. Any limb, or other peripheral part, as a bill, as distinguished from body proper or _truncus_.

MENIN´GES, _n._ _pl._ Envelopes of the brain or spinal cord; especially the _dura mater_ and _pia mater_. (The singular, _meninx_, is scarcely used.)

MEN´TAL, _a._ Pertaining to the chin.

MEN´TUM, _n._ Chin; soft parts between the branches of the lower jaw.

MESENCEPH´ALON, _n._ A certain brain-tract, the second from behind.

MESENTER´IC, _a._ Pertaining to the mesentery.

MES´ENTERY, _n._ A fold of the peritoneum binding the intestines in place.

MESERA´IC, _a._ Same as MESENTERIC (which see).

ME´SIAL, _a._ In the middle; same as _median_.

MESO- (_in composition_). Middle; median.

MESOMET´RIUM, _n._ Partially muscular peritoneal fold supporting the oviduct.

MESORHI´NIUM, _n._ Portion of bill between the nostrils. (Little used.)

MESOSTER´NUM, _n._ Middle segment of the breast-bone.

METACAR´PAL, _a._ or _n._ Pertaining to the metacarpus; particularly the _metacarpal_ bone.

METACAR´PUS, _n._ Hand, exclusive of the fingers; segment of the wing between the carpus and the digits.

METAGNATH´OUS, _a._ Cross-billed; having the points of the mandibles passing each other on the right and left.

METATAR´SAL, _a._ Pertaining to the metatarsus; particularly the _metatarsal_ bone.

METATAR´SUS, _n._ Foot, exclusive of the toes; segment of the leg between the tarsus and the digits, commonly called _the shank_, and in descriptive ornithology usually known as the _tarsus_. The metatarsus, however, has a distal tarsal ossicle confluent with it, so that it is actually _tarso-metatarsus_. In birds, the metatarsus proper (exclusive of the confluent tarsal bone) consists of three parallel metatarsal bones, more or less completely confluent, and of the associated _accessory metatarsal_ bone which bears the hallux. Compare TARSUS.

METATAR´SUS HAL´LUCIS, _n._ The accessory metatarsal bone, as just said.

MID´DLE TOE, _n._ The third toe in order of reckoning, with few exceptions four-jointed. When the fourth toe is reversed, as in all zygodactyle birds except trogons, it becomes the _outer_ anterior toe; in trogons, and a few birds in which the true inner or second toe is wanting, it becomes the _inner_ anterior toe. It is never versatile. It rarely has only three joints, like the second toe. (128.)

MID´DLE WING-COV´ERTS, or ME´DIAN COV´ERTS. The series of upper coverts of the secondary set, situate in one or more rows between the greater and lesser coverts. They are usually recognized by their overlapping each other in the reverse direction (i.e. inner border of one overlapping outer border of the next one) from the others, whence they are sometimes called _tectrices perversæ_. (94.)

MIGRA´TION, _n._ Periodical (but sometimes irregular) journeyings, or change of abode, of birds at certain seasons, to secure food, climate, or other physical conditions of environment best suited to their wants. Migration is generally meridional (north-south), and believed by some to be mainly accomplished along a magnetic meridian; but it is often quite otherwise, influenced by topography, etc., or altogether capricious. In the Northern Hemisphere, the vernal migration is northward, the autumnal in the opposite direction.

MIME´SIS, _n._ Mimicry; mocking; simulated resemblance in voice, shape, color, etc.

MIMET´IC, _a._ Imitative; given to mimicry. _Mimetic analogy_, simulated resemblance in superficial respects, such as many insects bear to the twigs or leaves they rest upon.

MIR´ROR, _n._ See SPECULUM. (82.)

MOL´ECULE, _n._ Embryo part of the impregnated ovum. See CICATRICULUM.

MOL´LIPILOSE, _a._ Softly downy.

MONOG´AMOUS, _a._ Pairing; mating with a single one of the opposite sex. Birds of which the male assists in incubation and care of the young are called _doubly monogamous_.

MONOG´AMY, _n._ The paired state.

MONOMOR´PHIC, _a._ Of the same or essentially similar type of structure. Opposed to _polymorphic_.

MONOTO´KOUS, _a._ Uniparous; laying a single egg.

MON´STER, _n._ Any malformed animal.

MORPHOL´OGY, _n._ The science of form. The doctrine of the laws of form. Structure itself, considered as to its principles; e.g. the _morphology_ of the odontoid process of the axis is centrum of the atlas, the _morphological_ interpretation of the tibial condyles is tarsal ossicles. The segment called metatarsus is, _morphologically_, tarso-metatarsus. Homology rests upon morphology; analogy is generally predicable upon teleology.

MOR´SUS DIABOL´ICUS, _n._ An epithet of the infundibuliform orifice of the oviduct which takes in the ova.

MUCIP´AROUS, _a._ Producing mucus.

MU´COUS MEM´BRANE, _n._ Lining of the alimentary and other interior tracts of the body, secreting mucus.

MU´CRO, _n._ A sharp spine.

MU´CRONATE, _a._ Spine-tipped, as the tail of a swift.

MU´CUS, _n._ Peculiar secretion of the mucous membrane.

MULTIF´IDUS, _a._ for _n._ A certain spinal muscle.

MULTIP´AROUS, _a._ Producing many young.

MUS´CLE, _n._ (_musculus_, pl. _musculi_). Organ of animal motion, consisting of contractile fibre, the shortening of which draws upon attached parts. With the muscular tissue is usually associated a fibrous ligament, the tendon or “leader.” Voluntary muscles have striped fibre, contracting at will of the animal; such are all those of the general system, moving the bones, effecting locomotion, mastication, etc. Involuntary muscles mostly have plain fibre contractile under special stimuli without obedience to the will; such are those of the intestines, etc.

MUS´CULAR, _a._ Pertaining to muscle; having muscle or composed of muscle; resulting from muscle: as, _muscular_ fibre, _muscular_ organ, _muscular_ exertion. Also, strong, vigorous: the falcon is a _muscular_ bird.

MU´TICUS, _a._ Unarmed; as, a toe without a claw, an unspurred tarsus. (133.)

MYELENCEPH´ALON, _n._ Whole cerebro-spinal column.

MY´ELON, _n._ The spinal cord.

MYOLEM´MA, _n._ Sheath of muscular fibre.

MYOL´OGY, _n._ Doctrine or description of the muscles.

MYX´A, _n._ End of the mandible, as far as the symphysis, corresponding to the dertrum of the maxilla. (25).

N.

NAN´US, _a._ or _n._ Dwarf; pigmy.

NAPE, _n._ (49.) See NUCHA.

NAR´IS, _n._; pl. _nares_. Nostril (always paired). (28½.) The _external nares_ open upon the bill, or its cere, in very various shape and position; the _internal nares_ open slit-wise upon the back part of the palate.

NA´SAL, _a._ Pertaining to the nostrils. _Nasal bones_, a pair at the root of the upper mandible.

NAS´CENT, _a._ About being born; beginning to grow or exist.

NATA´TION, _n._ Act of swimming.

NATATO´RES, _n. pl._ A group of swimming-birds.

NATATO´RIAL, _a._ Capable of swimming; belonging to swimming-birds.

NEARC´TIC, _a._ Indigenous to the northern portion of the Western Hemisphere.

NEBULA´TED, _a._ Clouded with various indistinct colors.

NECK, _n._ (47.) See COLLUM.

NEOGÆ´AN, _n._ Indigenous to the Western Hemisphere or “New World.”

NEOS´SINE, _n._ Substance of the “edible birds’-nests.”

NEOSSOL´OGY, _n._ Study of young birds.

NEOTROP´ICAL, _a._ Indigenous to the tropical portion of the Western Hemisphere.

NER´VINE, _n._ Nerve substance.

NEU´RAL, _a._ Pertaining to nerves. _Neural canal_, the tube of the backbone. _Neural spine_, the so-called spinous process of a vertebra. _Neural axis_, cerebro-spinal axis. _Neural arch_, see NEURAPOPHYSIS.

NEURAPOPH´YSIS, _n._ The laminate process of a vertebra, which, meeting its fellow at the neural spine, closes the canal for transmission of the spinal cord.

NEURILEM´MA, _n._ Sheath of nerve fibre.

NEUROL´OGY, _n._ Study of the nerves.

NIC´TITATING MEM´BRANE, _n._ The third or inner eyelid of birds.

NIDIFICA´TION, _n._ Nest-building; mode of nesting.

NI´DUS, _n._ Nest.

NI´SUS FORMATI´VUS, _n._ The formative tendency; the unknown law which determines the rudiment of an animal to take its proper shape, “each after its kind.” “Plastic force.”

NODE, NO´DUS, _n._ A swelling; hence, a joint, as bones usually enlarge at their articulating extremities. Compare INTERNODE.

NOMEN´CLATURE, _n._ The sum of the words or terms peculiar to any department of knowledge; as, ornithological _nomenclature_; in this sense equivalent to _terminology_. Also, the naming of objects according to some fixed principle; as, the binomial _nomenclature_. It is essential to the integrity of nomenclature that it should rest upon classification, or _taxonomy_.

NON-. Not. A frequent prefix in scientific literature, denoting negation, used much like _dis-_, _un-_, _in-_, etc.

NOS´TRIL, _n._ (28½.) See NARIS.

NOTÆ´UM, _n._ The entire upper part of a bird. (5.)

NO´THA, _a._ Spurious. By _ala notha_ has been meant the scapular, axillar, and tertiary feathers collectively, which are also called _parapterum_.

NO´TOCHORD, _n._ Primitive condition of the backbone.

NU´CHA, _n._ Nape; upper part of cervix, next to occiput. (49.)

NU´CHAL, _a._ Pertaining to the nape.

NU´CLEATED, _a._ Containing a special cell or cells.

NUCLEO´LUS, _n._ Cell or point within a nucleus.

NU´CLEUS, _n._ Special cell within another.

NU´TRIENT, _a._ Nourishing; nutritious.

NUTRI´TION, _n._ Repair of waste that ensues by decomposition in animal life, and promotion of growth, with supply of new assimilable material. Alimentation is the act of supply; aliment or nutriment the supply; nutrition the result of its assimilation.

O.

OARED (_foot_), _a._ Having the hind toe, as well as the others, full-webbed. See STEGANOPODOUS. (140.)

OBCOR´DATE, _a._ Inversely heart-shaped.

OBLIQUE´, _a._ Indirect; aslant. Also, name of certain abdominal muscles.

OB´LONG, _a._ Longer than broad.

OBO´VATE, _a._ Inversely ovate.

OBSCURE´, _a._ Dark; not evident; little known; faintly marked.

OB´SOLETE, _a._ Disused; little used. Also, synonymous with _obscure_, as _obsolete_ spots; also, synonymous with _imperfect_ or _rudimentary_: the hind toe of the petrel is _obsolete_.

OBTURA´TOR, _n._ A muscle, membrane, and foramen of the pelvis are respectively so called.

OBTUSE´, _a._ Blunt. Opposed to _acute_.

OCCIP´ITAL, _a._ or _n._ Pertaining to the hind-head; as, _occipital_ bone, _occipital_ region.

OC´CIPUT, _n._ The hind head. (33.)

OCEL´LUS, _n._ (Literally “little eye.”) Distinct rounded spot of color, like the “eyes” of a peacock’s tail.

OCH´REY, OCH´REOUS, _a._ Color of yellow ochre.

OC´REATE, _a._ Booted. See BOOT and CALIGULA.

OC´ULO-MO´TOR, _n._ A nerve of the eye-muscles.

OC´ULUS, _n._ Eye. (The adjective _ocular_ being applied chiefly to processes and results of sight, much like _visual_, rather than to physical attributes, the word _orbital_ is used for the latter instead.)

ODON´TOID (_process_), _a._ A part of the axis (second cervical vertebra) is so called.

ŒSOPH´AGUS, _n._ Gullet; tube conveying food from mouth to stomach.

OLEC´RANON, _n._ Upper back part of the ulna, not prominent in birds.

OLFAC´TORY, _a._ Pertaining to the sense of smell.

OLIGOMY´OID, _a._ Having few or imperfect syringeal muscles among _Passeres_.