Part 78

[79] _Bombycilla phœnicopterum_, TEMM. Pl. Col. II, 1838; pl. 450. The _A. phœnicopterum_ is stated by Temminck to have the nasal setæ so short as to leave the nostrils exposed, and to lack the sealing-wax appendages; the latter condition may, however, result from the immaturity of the specimen, as it is very common to find the same thing in individuals of the other species.

[80] _Myiadestes obscurus_ (LAFRES.), BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1866, 430. _Hab._ Mountains of Mexico to Guatemala and Tres Marias Islands.

[81] _Myiadestes unicolor_ (SCLATER), BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1866, 428. _Hab._ Central Mexico and Guatemala.

[82] _Lanius excubitor_, LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 94.

[83] _Certhia flaveola_, LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, 119.

[84] _C. flaveola_, A. & E. NEWTON, Ibis, 1859, 67. _Hab._ St. Croix. _C. newtoni_, BAIRD.

[85] _C. flaveola_, var. _portoricensis_, BRYANT, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. Jan. 1866. _Hab_. Porto Rico.

[86] _Motacilla bananivora_, GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 951. (_Bananiste_, Buffon, St. Domingo.)

[87] _Certhiola luteola_, CAB. M. H. 1851, 96. _C. major_, CAB.; _C. minor_, BON.

[88] _Certhiola bahamensis_, REICH. Handb. I, 1853, 253. _C. flaveola_, BAIRD, B. N. A.; _C. bairdi_, CAB.

[89] _C. caboti_, BAIRD, MSS.

[90] _C. martinicana_, REICH. Hand. I, 1853, 252. _C. albigula_, BON.

[91] _C. dominicana_, TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, 167.

[92] _C. barbadensis_, BAIRD, MSS.

[93] _C. frontalis_, BAIRD, MSS.

[94] _C. bartholemica_, SUNDEVALL & SPARRMANN, Vetensk. Akad. Förhandl. 1869, 622.

[95] _C. mexicana_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 286.

[96] _C. peruviana_, CAB. Journ. 1865, 413? Perhaps different.

[97] _C. chloropyga_, CAB. M. H. 1851, 97. _C. brasiliensis_, BP.

[98] _Pyranga erythromelæna_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond. 1856, 126. (_Tanagra erythromelas_, LICHT. Preis.-Verz. d. Saüg. u. Vög. no. 69; 1831.)

[99] _Pyranga ardens_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 126. (_Phœnisoma ardens_, TSCHUDI. Wieg. Archiv, 1844, 207.)

[100] _Pyranga bidentata_, SWAINS. Philos. Mag. 1827, 428.

[101] _Pyranga rubriceps_, GRAY, Gen. B. fol. p. 364, pl. lxxxix, 1849.

[102] _Pyranga erythrocephala_, BONAP. R. Z. 1851, 178. (_Spermagra erythrocephala_, SWAINS. Phil. Mag. 1827, 437.) Were it not for the small size, one would, without seeing a specimen, be inclined to suspect this as being a young male of _P. æstiva_, which often occurs in very similar plumage.

[103] _? Pyranga azaræ_, D’ORB. Voy. p. 264. RIDGWAY, Pr. Ac. N. S. Philad. June, 1869, p. 132, fig. 2.

[104] _Pyranga saira_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 124. RIDGWAY, Pr. A. N. S. June, 1869, p. 131, fig. 1. (_Tanagra saira_, SPIX, Av. Bras. II, 48, fig. 1.)

[105] _Pyranga testacea_, SCLATER & SALVIN, P. Z. S. 1868, 388. RIDGWAY, Pr. A. N. S. June, 1869, p. 133, f. 1.

[106] _Pyranga roseigularis_, CABOT. (Description from the type.)

[107] Of this highly colored form, the average length of five specimens is 7.55; in twelve the average is, wing, 3.67; tail, 2.86; culmen, .67. The bill appears to be slightly darker than in North American examples.

[108] _Coccothraustes abeillii_, SCLATER, Catal. Am. B. 123 (_Guiraca abeillii_, LESSON).

[109] _Carpodacus frontalis_, var. _hæmorrhous_, _Carpodacus hæmorrhous_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 304. (_Fringilla hæmorrhous_, LICHT. Verz. 1831.)

[110] _Loxia curvirostra_, LINN., Syst. Nat. 299.

[111] _Loxia bifasciata_, DE SELYS-LONGCHAMPS, Faune Belge, 76. BONAP. & SCHLEGEL, Mon. des Loxiens, 7.

[112] _Fringilla linaria_, TEMM. Mass. Orn. 1835, 267 (not of Linnæus). “_Fringilla rufescens_, VIEILL. Faun. Franç. tab. 41, f. 1.” _Linota montium_, BP. & SCHLEGEL, Mon. Lox. 1850. “_Linaria flavirostris_, BREHM.”

[113] _Leucosticte brunneinucha. Fringilla (Linaria) brunneinucha_, BRANDT, Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg, 1841, 35. _Montifringilla (Leucosticte) brunneinucha_, BON. & SCHLEGEL, Mon. Loxiens, 1850, 36, pl. xlii.

[114] As this sheet is going through the press, we have been permitted by Mr. J. A. Allen to examine a series of birds, obtained by him in July, 1871, on Mt. Lincoln, Colorado, above the timber line, where they were breeding abundantly. Although very different from winter _L. tephrocotis_, they yet strongly suggest the idea of their being that species in summer dress. They present the following characteristics:—

_Breeding plumage._ Differing from the stage first described above, in entire absence of any ash about the head, and in deep black, instead of yellowish bill. ♂ with the red tints intense carmine, instead of peach-blossom pink, that of the abdomen extending farther forward. ♀ lacking the red, or with only a tinge of it. Hood dark vandyke-brown, becoming nearly black on the forehead; rest of head light chocolate-brown, similar to, but more faded than, that of the winter plumage; nasal tufts grayish-white.

Ten specimens collected by Mr. Allen all agree in the characters pointed out, by which they differ from the winter plumage of _L. tephrocotis_. Taking into consideration the fact of their black instead of yellowish bill, more intense red, and generally more dusky colors, as well as the other points of distinction from the previously known plumages of _L. tephrocotis_, and also that they are identical in size and proportion, while specimens of _L. tephrocotis_ in the breeding plumage have not before been seen, it seems very reasonable to suppose that these specimens represent the breeding plumage of that species. There is some resemblance to _L. brunneinucha_, which, from the plate in Bonaparte and Schlegel’s monograph of the _Coccothraustinæ_, seems to differ mainly in being lighter colored. Mr. Allen says that these birds were breeding abundantly in the locality where they were found.

[115] From the fact that this form is not found in any part of Alaska, nor, indeed, north of California, it is probable that the localities of _anthinus_ and _alaudinus_ were transposed in Bonaparte’s original descriptions.

[116] Hybrid between _oregonus_ and _caniceps_, = “_annectens_,” BAIRD, Geol. Surv. Cal. Orn. I, p. 564.

CHAR. Pinkish sides and convex outline to ash of breast, as in _oregonus_, with the bright rufous back and ashy head, with black lores of _caniceps_; a tendency in the rufous of back to tinge the wings, as in _oregonus_. _Hab._ Southern Rocky Mountains. (Fort Whipple, Arizona, COUES; Fort Bridger, Wyoming, DREXLER; Fort Burgwyn, Mountains of Colorado, AIKEN.)

[117] Hybrid between _hyemalis_ and _oregonus_.

CHAR. Plumbeous back of _hyemalis_, with pinkish sides of _oregonus_; or else reddish back of _oregonus_ and plumbeous sides of _hyemalis_, or colors mixed both above and below. _Hab._ Sun River, Dakota; McKenzie River District? Fort Whipple, Arizona; and Fort Bridger, Wyoming.

[118] Hybrid between _caniceps_ and _cinereus_, = “_dorsalis_,” HENRY, Pr. Phil. Ac. 1858, 117; BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 467.

CHAR. Rufous restricted to interscapular region, as in the former, with black upper mandible, and pale ash throat of the latter. _Hab._ Fort Thorn, New Mexico.

[119] _Junco cinereus_, CABANIS, Mexican Snowbird. _Fringilla cinerea_, SW. Syn. Birds Mex. in Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 435. _Junco cinereus_, CABANIS, Mus. Hein. 1850, 134.—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 465. “_Fringilla rufidorsis_, LICHT.,” BONAPARTE; probably a catalogue name. _Junco phæonotus_, WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 526.—BONAP. Comptes Rendus, XXXVII, 518.

SP. CHAR. Ash-color above; with a broad quadrate interscapular patch of rufous-chestnut, this extending over the wing-coverts and inner secondaries. Beneath paler ash, lighter in middle region below, but without distinct line of demarcation. Lores and anterior region of eye dusky; in decided contrast. Outer three tail-feathers white, but dusky at base and on outer web at end; the amount increasing internally. Upper bill entirely black; lower yellow. Length, 6.40; height of bill, .25; culmen, .46. _Hab._ Table-lands of Mexico.

[120] _Junco alticola_, SALVIN, Guatemalan Snowbird. _Junco alticola_, SALVIN, P. Z. S. 1863, 189 (Highlands, Guatemala).—IB. Ibis, 1866, 193.

SP. CHAR. Similar to _J. cinereus_, but darker than Mexican species, with less contrast between the rufous of back and the ash of head. Tail with less white. Bill much larger: height, .34; culmen, .56. _Hab._ Highlands of Guatemala.

INDEX TO PLATES OF LAND BIRDS.

Ægiothus brewsteri, I. 501, pl. 22, fig. 6 exilipes, ♂ “ 498, “ “ 2 fuscescens, ♂ “ 493, “ “ 3 “ “ “ “ “ 5 Agelaius gubernator (_shoulder_), ♂ II. pl. 33, “ 4 gubernator, ♀ “ 163, “ “ 8 phœniceus, ♂ “ 159, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 “ (_shoulder_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3 tricolor (_shoulder_), ♂ “ 165, “ “ 5 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 6 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7 Alauda arvensis, “ 136, pl. 32, “ 3 Ammodromus caudacutus, I. 557, pl. 25, “ 7 maritimus, “ 560, “ “ 8 Ampelis cedrorum, ♂ “ 401, pl. 18, “ 2 garrulus, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 1 Antenor unicinctus, III. 250. Anthus ludovicianus, I. 171, pl. 10, “ 3 pratensis, “ 173, “ “ 4 Antrostomus carolinensis, ♂ II. 410, pl. 46, “ 1 nuttalli, ♂ “ 417, “ “ 3 vociferus, ♂ “ 413, “ “ 2 Aquila canadensis, III. 314. Archibuteo ferrugineus, “ 300. sancti-johannis, “ 304. Astur atricapillus, “ 237. Asturina plagiata, “ 246. Atthis heloisa, ♂ II. 465, pl. 47, “ 6 Auriparus flaviceps, I. pl. 7, “ 11

Bonasa sabinei, III. 454. umbelloides, “ 453, pl. 61, “ 10 umbellus, “ 448, “ “ 3 “ “ “ “ “ 9 Bubo arcticus, “ 64. pacificus, “ 65. virginianus, “ 62. Budytes flava, I. 167, pl. 10, “ 2 Buteo borealis, III. 281. calurus, “ 286. cooperi, “ 295. elegans, “ 277. harlani, “ 292. krideri, “ 284. lineatus, “ 275. lucasanus, “ 285. oxypterus, “ 266. pennsylvanicus, “ 259. swainsoni, “ 263. zonocercus, “ 272.

Calamospiza bicolor, ♂ II. 61, pl. 29, “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3 Callipepla squamata, ♂ III. 487, pl. 63, “ 6 Calypte anna, ♂ II. 454, pl. 47, “ 7 costæ, ♂ “ 457, “ “ 8 Campephilus principalis, ♂ “ 496, pl. 49, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 Campylorhynchus affinis, I. 133, pl. 8, “ 6 brunneicapillus, “ 132, “ “ 5 Canace canadensis, III. 416, pl. 61, “ 5 “ ♀ “ “ pl. 59, “ 6 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5 franklini, ♂ “ 419, “ “ 3 fuliginosus, “ 495. obscurus, ♂ “ 422, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 richardsoni, ♂ “ 427, “ “ 4 Cardinalis coccineus, ♂ II. pl. 30, “ 8 igneus, ♂ “ 103, “ “ 0 phœniceus, “ “ “ “ 9 virginianus, ♀ “ 100, “ “ 6 “ ♂ “ “ “ “ 7 Carpodacus californicus, ♂ I. 465, pl. 21, “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11 cassini, ♂ “ 460, “ “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 frontalis, ♂ “ 465, “ “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 hœmorrhous, ♂ “ “ “ “ 12 rhodocolpus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 9 purpureus, ♂ “ 462, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 Catharista atrata, III. 351. Catherpes mexicanus, I. 139, pl. 8, “ 4 Centrocercus urophasianus, ♂ III. pl. 60, “ 2 “ ♂ “ “ “ 4 “ “ 429, pl. 61, “ 6 Centronyx bairdi, I. 531, pl. 25, “ 3 Centurus aurifrons, ♂ II. 557, pl. 52, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6 carolinus, ♂ “ 554, “ “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 uropygialis, ♂ “ 558, “ “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 Certhia americana, I. 125, pl. 8, “ 11 mexicana, “ 128. Certhiola bahamensis, ♂ “ 428, pl. 19, “ 5 Ceryle alcyon, ♂ II. 392, pl. 45, “ 6 cabanisi, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 9 Chætura pelagica, ♂ “ 432, pl. 45, “ 7 vauxi, ♀ “ 435, “ “ 8 Chamæa fasciata, I. 84, pl. 6, “ 8 Chamæpelia passerina, ♂ III. 389, pl. 58, “ 6 Chondestes grammaca, ♂ II. 562, pl. 31, “ 1 Chordeiles henryi, ♂ “ 404, pl. 46, “ 4 popetue, “ 407. texensis, ♂ “ 406, “ “ 5 Chrysomitris lawrenci, ♂ I. 478, pl. 22, “ 14 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 15 arizonæ, ♂ “ 476, “ “ 11 mexicana, “ “ “ 12 “ ♀ “ “ “ 13 pinus, ♂ “ 480, “ “ 16 psaltria, ♂ “ 474, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10 tristis (_summer_), ♂ “ 471, “ “ 7 “ (_winter_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 8 Cinclus mexicanus, “ 56, pl. 5, “ 1 Circus hudsonius, III. 214. Cistothorus palustris, I. 161, pl. 9, “ 6 stellaris, “ “ “ “ 7 Coccygus americanus, ♂ II. 477, pl. 48, “ 3 erythrophthalmus, “ 484, “ “ 5 minor, “ 482, “ “ 4 Colaptes auratus, ♂ “ 575, pl. 55, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 chrysoides, ♂ “ 583, pl. 54, “ 1 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2 hybridus, ♂ “ 582, “ “ 3 mexicanus, ♂ “ 578, pl. 55, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4 Collurio borealis, ♂ I. 415, pl. 19, “ 1 “ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2 excubitoroides, ♂ “ 421, “ “ 3 ludovicianus, ♂ “ 418, “ “ 4 robustus, “ 420. Columba fasciata, ♂ II. 360, pl. 57, “ 2 flavirostris, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 3 leucocephala, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 4 Contopus borealis, ♂ “ 353, pl. 44, “ 1 pertinax, ♂ “ 356, “ “ 2 richardsonii, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 4 vireus, ♂ “ 357, “ “ 3 Conurus carolinensis, (_Ad._) “ 587, pl. 56, “ 1 “ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2 Corvus americanus, ♂ “ 243, pl. 37, “ 5 carnivorus, ♀ “ 234, “ “ 6 caurinus, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 3 cryptoleucus, “ 242, “ “ 8 floridanus, “ 247, “ “ 9 mexicanus, ♂ “ 233, “ “ 4 ossifragus, “ 251, “ “ 7 Coturniculus henslowi, ♀ I. 553, pl. 25, “ 5 leconti, ♀ “ 552, “ “ 6 ochrocephalus, II. pl. 46, “ 6 passerinus, I. 553, pl. 25, “ 4 perpallidus, “ 556. Cotyle riparia, ♂ “ 353, pl. 16, “ 14 Crotophaga ani, ♀ II. 488, pl. 48, “ 2 Cupidonia cupido, III. 440, pl. 61, “ 1 “ “ “ “ “ 7 pallidicincta, “ 446. Cyanocitta arizonæ, II. 292, pl. 41, “ 2 californica, ♂ “ 288, pl. 40, “ 1 couchi, “ 293. floridana, ♂ “ 285, “ “ 4 sordida, “ 292, pl. 41, “ 1 sumichrasti, ♂ “ pl. 40, “ 2 woodhousei, ♂ “ 291, “ “ 3 Cyanospiza amœna, ♂ “ 84, pl. 29, “ 11 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 ciris, ♂ “ 87, “ “ 7 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8 cyanea, ♂ “ 82, “ “ 13 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 14 parellina, ♂ “ “ “ 6 versicolor, ♂ “ 86, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10 Cyanura coronata, ♂ “ pl. 39, “ 4 cristata, ♂ “ 273, pl. 42, “ 3 frontalis, ♂ “ 279, pl. 39, “ 2 macrolopha, ♂ “ 281, “ “ 3 stelleri, ♂ “ 277, “ “ 1 Cyrtonyx massena, III. 492, pl. 61, “ 2 “ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 3 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6

Dendroica æstiva, I. 222, pl. 14, “ 1 albilora, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 7 auduboni, “ 229, pl. 13, “ 1 blackburniæ, ♂ “ 237, “ “ 2 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3 cærulea, ♂ “ 235, “ “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11 cærulescens, ♂ “ 254, pl. 12, “ 10 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11 castanea, ♂ “ 251, pl. 13, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5 chrysopareia, ♂ “ 260, pl. 12, “ 6 coronata, ♂ “ 227, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 discolor, ♂ “ 276, pl. 14, “ 9 dominica, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 5 graciæ, ♂ “ 243, “ “ 10 kirtlandi, ♂ “ 272, “ “ 5 maculosa, ♂ “ 232, “ “ 2 montana, “ 271, “ “ 3 nigrescens, ♂ “ 258, pl. 12, “ 8 occidentalis, ♂ “ 266, “ “ 5 olivacea, ♂ “ pl. 14, “ 4 palmarum, ♂ “ 273, “ “ 8 pennsylvanica, ♂ “ 245, pl. 13, “ 7 “ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 8 pinus, ♂ “ 268, “ “ 6 striata, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 9 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 townsendi, ♂ “ 265, pl. 12, “ 7 virens, ♂ “ 261, “ “ 4 Dolichonyx orizyvorus, ♂ II. 149, pl. 32, “ 4 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5

Ectopistes migratoria, ♂ “ 368, pl. 57, “ 5 Elanus leucurus, III. 198. Embernagra rufivirgata, II. 47, pl. 28, “ 3 Empidonax acadicus, ♂ “ 374, pl. 44, “ 11 difficilis, “ 380. flaviventris, ♂ “ 378, “ “ 12 hammondii, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 7 minimus, ♂ “ 372, “ “ 10 obscurus, ♂ “ 381, “ “ 6 pusillus, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 9 traillii, ♂ “ 369, “ “ 8 Eremophila cornuta, ♂ “ 141, pl. 32, “ 1 “ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2 Euspiza americana, ♂ “ 65, pl. 28, “ 11 “ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12 townsendi, ♀ “ 68, “ “ 13