iv. 10: χρυσίον ὅταν πολὺ παραφανῇ, αὐτὸ μὲν ἀτιμότερον γίγνεται, τὸ

δὲ ἀργύριον τιμιώτερον ποιεῖ.

Footnote 457:

iv. 5-7.

Footnote 458:

iv. 10.

Footnote 459:

iv, especially 7-9, 11; he has no word against them. _Lac. Pol._ vii shows that he favors their free use.

Footnote 460:

Brants (_Xen. Econ._, pp. 17 f.) says that he grasped both bases of exchange, division of labor, and natural diversity of products, but he bases it on _Rep. Ath._ ii. 12. 3.

Footnote 461:

_Rev._ iii., especially 5; _Hiero_ ix. 9; ἐμπόρια ὠφέλει πόλιν.

Footnote 462:

iii. 3. 4. 12 f.

Footnote 463:

iii. 4; v-vi.

Footnote 464:

vi. 1.

Footnote 465:

_Econ._ ii. 18: χρηματιστής; cf. iii, where Socrates teaches the art. Cf. above, p. 17, on the Sophists’ attitude.

Footnote 466:

_Rev._ iii. 4.

Footnote 467:

iii. 5.

Footnote 468:

iii. 14.

Footnote 469:

iv. 50.

Footnote 470:

_Rev._ vi. 1.

Footnote 471:

_Mem._ ii. 7. 12-14. Poehlmann’s attempt to turn the argument about, so as to favor the laborer, is strained (_op. cit._, I, 288), though the passage may be a sidelight on the economic conditions in early fourth-century Athens. Cf. _Mem._ ii. 8. 4-5, where, as Poehlmann (_op. cit._, I, 286 f.) points out, the free laborer was coming to feel himself to be on the same status with the slave.

Footnote 472:

Cf. e.g., his opposition to the free democracy of Athens, for evidence of which we do not need to depend upon the _Ath. Pol._

Footnote 473:

_Rev._ iv. 17; cf. p. 70; but p. 69 might point the other way.

Footnote 474:

_Mem._ iv. 4. 16; ἄνευ δὲ ὁμονοίας οὐτ᾽ ἂν πόλις εῦ πολιτευθείν οὐτ᾽ οἶκος καλῶς, οἰκηθείν.

Footnote 475:

_Econ._ xi. 9, 13.

Footnote 476:

Cf. how naïvely he takes for granted the feasibility of his schemes in the _Revenues_. Cf. the opening sentence of the work, “As are the governors [προστάται], so are the governments [πολιτείας]” cited by Poehlmann (_op. cit._, I, 299) as the illusion of socialism; but it might easily be expressed by a conservative. Plato (_Rep._ 544D) expresses a similar idea.

Footnote 477:

_Rev._ iii and iv.

Footnote 478:

iv. 33. The mines were already publicly owned, for the most part, but they were privately worked. Cf. Ardaillon, _Les Mines du Laurion dans l’antiquité_ (Paris, 1897).

Footnote 479:

iii. 14.

Footnote 480:

iv. 17.

Footnote 481:

iv.

Footnote 482:

iv. 49.

Footnote 483:

iii. 9 f.

Footnote 484:

iv. 30-32.

Footnote 485:

iv. 33; 49-52; vi. 1. Cf. the excellent résumé of the whole plan by Poehlmann (_op. cit._, I, 299 ff.), though he reads into it too much of the modern socialistic spirit; e.g., 306-8, he makes it an example of the so-called psychological necessity by which socialism develops out of capitalism.

Footnote 486:

Cf. especially iv. 14: τῆς μέντοι πόλεως πάνυ ἄξιον θαυμάσαι τὸ αἰσθανομένην πολλοὺς πλουτιζομένους ἕξ αὐτῆς ἰδιώτας μὴ μιμεῖσθαι τούτους.