Category: History - European
II. Basilicas—Plan of St. Gall—Church at Reichenau— 213 Romain-Motier—Granson—Church at Gernrode—Trèves— Hildesheim—Cathedrals of Worms and Spires—Churches at Cologne—Other Churches and Chapels—Double Churches—Swiss Churches
II. Basilicas—Plan of St. Gall—Church at Reichenau— 213 Romain-Motier—Granson—Church at Gernrode—Trèves— Hildesheim—Cathedrals of Worms and Spires—Churches at Cologne—Other Chur...
5. BOOK VI.—SCANDINAVIA.6. BOOK VII.—ENGLAND.III. ENGLISH MEDIÆVAL ARCHITECTURE—Plans of English 345 Cathedral Churches—Vaults—Pier Arches—Window tracery— External Proportions—Diversity of Style—Situation— Chapter-Houses—C...
7. BOOK VIII.—SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.II. Romanesque Churches at Naranco, Roda, and Leon—Early 464 Spanish Gothic: Churches at Santiago, Zamora, Toro, Avila, Salamanca, and Tarragona—Middle Pointed style: Churches a...
8. BOOK I.III. SPAIN—Introductory Remarks—Mosque at Cordoba—Palace at 542 Zahra—Churches at Sta. Maria and Cristo de la Luz at Toledo—Giralda at Seville—Palace of the Alcazar—The Alhambra...
9. BOOK II.—ANCIENT AMERICA.10. CHAPTER VII.THERE are very few specimens in Italy of circular or polygonal buildings of any class belonging to the Gothic age. As churches, none are to be expected. Baptisteries had passed...
11. CHAPTER VIII.THERE are few chapters of architectural history—at least among the shorter ones—more interesting, in various ways, than that which treats of the introduction of the pointed-arch...
12. CHAPTER IX.DATES. Jerusalem taken by the Crusaders A.D. 1099 Baudouin I. 1100 Baudouin II. 1118 Foulques, Count of Anjou 1131 Saladin retakes Jerusalem 1187 Third Crusade. Richard II. 1192...
13. CHAPTER I.DATES. Charlemagne A.D. 768-813 Rollo, first Duke of Normandy 911 Hugh Capet 987 William II. of Normandy, or the Conqueror 1055-1086 Henry I. of France 1031 Philip I., or l’Amou...
14. CHAPTER II.THE moment you pass the hills forming the watershed between the rivers flowing to the Mediterranean and those which debouch into the Bay of Biscay, you become aware of having le...
15. CHAPTER III.THE architectural province of Anjou cannot perhaps be so distinctly defined as the two already described. On the north, indeed, it is separated by the clearest line both from No...
16. CHAPTER IV.THE last of the Southern provinces which requires to be distinguished is that of Auvergne, one of the most beautiful as well as one of the most complete of the round Gothic styl...
17. CHAPTER V.THE province of Burgundy was architecturally one of the most important in France during the Middle Ages, but one the limits of which it is difficult to define. This is partly ow...
18. CHAPTER VI.THE architecture of the Northern division of France is certainly the most interesting subject in the whole history of the Mediæval styles, inasmuch as it comprehends the origin...
19. CHAPTER VII.WITH one or two slight exceptions, the whole history of the Round-arched Norman Gothic is comprehended within a period of less than a century. No building in this style is known...
20. CHAPTER VIII.THE architectural history of the Central or Frankish province is widely different from that of any of those we have yet examined. At the end of the 5th century the whole of the...
21. CHAPTER IX.THE great difficulty in attempting to describe the architecture of France during the glorious period of the 13th century is really the _embarras de richesse_. There are even now...
22. CHAPTER X.ALTHOUGH in the preceding pages, in describing the principal churches of France, mention has been made of the various changes of detail which took place from the time of the int...
23. CHAPTER I.THE little kingdom of Belgium forms an architectural province as distinct and in many respects as interesting as any in Europe. Its style does not, it is true, possess that simp...
24. CHAPTER II.WHATEVER opinion we may form as to her ecclesiastical edifices, the real architectural pre-eminence of Belgium consists in her civil, or rather her municipal buildings, which su...
25. CHAPTER III.THE moment we pass the boundary line which separates Belgium from Holland, we feel that we have stepped at once into a new architectural province. At last we have got among a pe...
26. CHAPTER I.A.D. Charlemagne (Karl der Grosze) 768 to 814 Conrad I. of Franconia 911 Henry the Fowler Saxon 919 Otho I. Saxon 936 Otho II. Saxon 973 Otho III. Saxon 983 Henry II. 1002 Conra...
27. CHAPTER II.Plan of St. Gall—Church at Mittelzell in island of Reichenau— Romain-Motier— Granson—Church at Gernrode—Trèves—Hildesheim—Cathedrals of Worms and Spires—Churches at Cologne—Othe...
28. CHAPTER III.IF we are fortunate in having the St. Gall plan and Reichenau cathedral with which to begin our history of the basilican-formed churches in Germany, we are equally lucky in havi...
29. CHAPTER IV.AS might be expected, the remains of domestic architecture are few and insignificant as compared with those of the great monumental churches, which in that age were the building...
30. CHAPTER V.IT is scarcely necessary to repeat—what has been already perhaps sufficiently insisted upon—that the Germans borrowed their pointed style from the French at a period when it had...
31. CHAPTER VI.IN adopting the pointed style, the Germans almost wholly abandoned their old favourite circular form; the Liebfrauen Church at Trèves (Woodcut No. 695) being almost the only rea...
32. CHAPTER VII.ALONG the whole of the southern shores of the Baltic extends a vast series of sandy plains, now composing the greater part of the kingdom of Prussia, with Hanover and Mecklenbur...
33. CHAPTER I.NO one who has listened to all that was said and written in Germany before the late war about “Schleswig-Holstein Stamm verwandt,” can very well doubt that when he passes the Ey...
34. CHAPTER I.IT is perhaps not too much to assert that during the Middle Ages Architecture was practised in England with even greater success than among any of the contemporary nations. In b...
35. CHAPTER II.SO few and indistinct are the traces of architectural art in England before the Norman Conquest, that for a long time it was a moot point among antiquaries whether or not any su...
36. CHAPTER III.AN entirely new state of affairs was inaugurated in 1066 by the Norman Conquest of England. A new aristocracy, new laws, and a new language infused new life and energy into ever...
37. CHAPTER IV.DATES. Malcolm Canmore. Accession A.D. 1057 David I. 1124 William the Lion 1165 John Baliol 1292 Robert Bruce 1306 David II. 1329 Robert II., Stuart 1371 James I. 1406 Mary Quee...
38. CHAPTER V.THE history of architecture in Ireland forms as distinct a contrast to that of Scotland as it is possible to conceive. At a very early period the Irish showed themselves not onl...
39. CHAPTER I.Gothic Conquest—Athulf A.D. 411 Moorish conquest 711 Kingdoms of Navarre and Arragon established, about 760 Sancho I., King of Castille 1005 Alphonso VI. unites all Northern Spa...
40. CHAPTER II.Romanesque: Churches at Naranco, Roda, and Leon—Early Spanish Gothic: Churches at Santiago, Zamora, Toro, Avila, Salamanca, and Tarragona— Middle Pointed style: Churches at Tole...
41. CHAPTER III.AS already mentioned, to most of the great churches described above there were attached monastic establishments on a scale commensurate with them in dignity, and ornamented in a...
42. CHAPTER IV.SO little attention has been paid to the subject of Gothic architecture in Portugal, that it is by no means clear whether it contains any churches of interest belonging to that...
43. CHAPTER I.NOTE.—In consequence of the re-arrangement of the work, as explained above, by which all the Indian chapters are taken out of it and put together in a separate volume by themsel...
44. CHAPTER II.AS before mentioned, the earliest mosque of which we have any record was that built by Mahomet himself at Medina. As, however, it contained apartments for his wives, and other r...
45. CHAPTER III.OWING probably to its position, the forms which the Saracenic style assumed in Spain are somewhat different from those which we find elsewhere. As a style it is inferior to many...
46. CHAPTER IV.DATES. Conquest of Constantinople by Mahomet II. A.D. 1443 Bajazet II. 1481 Selim I. 1512 Suleiman II., the Magnificent 1520 Selim II. 1566 Amurath III. 1574 Mahomet III. 1595 A...
47. CHAPTER V.OWING to a curious concatenation of circumstances, partly local, partly ethnological, the architectural history of Persia is nearly a blank for the first six centuries of the He...
48. CHAPTER I.DATES. Toltecs arrived in Anahuac A.D. 648 Toltecs abandoned the country 1051 Chichemecas arrived 1170 Acolhuans arrived about 1200 Aztecs reached Tula 1196 City of Mexico found...
49. CHAPTER II.THE Valley of Mexico, in which the first group of buildings we have to describe is situated, is a small tract in the centre of the table-land of Anahuac. Though not larger than...
50. CHAPTER III.PERU is situated geographically so near to Mexico, and the inhabitants of both countries had reached so nearly to the same grade of civilisation at the time when the Spaniards f...
51. Part I. Bk. III. ch. 2.For a complete description of the same, see ‘The Architectural History of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem,’ by Prof. Willis, 1849, the publications of the Palestin...