A Harmony of the Gospels for Students of the Life of Christ Based on the Broadus Harmony in the Revised Version

PART XII

Chapter 3512,724 wordsPublic domain

IN THE SHADOW WITH JESUS

_Tuesday afternoon to Thursday night of Passion Week, A.D. 30 (or 29). Jerusalem._

_Sects. 139-152. Jesus now seeks to prepare the disciples for the tragedy of His death and for carrying on His work after His departure._

Sect. 139. SITTING ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES, JESUS SPEAKS TO HIS DISCIPLES ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM, AND HIS OWN SECOND COMING, IN APOCALYPTIC LANGUAGE. THE GREAT ESCHATOLOGICAL DISCOURSE[a]

(_Tuesday Afternoon_)

[Footnote a: This great discourse has as its background the death of Christ. Further on as part punishment for this crime lies the destruction of Jerusalem. This catastrophe is itself a symbol of the end of the world and in one sense a coming of Christ in power and judgment. But Christ boldly predicts his own personal return to earth, though the time is not revealed. But he does exhort an expectant attitude toward the promises of his coming and readiness for his return which will be at an unexpected hour. Jesus employs the common Jewish apocalyptic imagery to portray this most difficult subject. Some scholars insist that Jesus was himself merely a wild enthusiast who was carried away by the Messianic hopes of his people, but that is a one-sided and distorted view of Christ's life and ignores the great mass of his ethical teaching. It forgets also that Jesus has a world program of conquest and of power. The various aspects of the discourse are not kept distinct. Some think that the Gospels have misunderstood or misrepresented Jesus in this discourse. But we can catch the general drift of the teaching and leave alone minute details of time and place against which Jesus himself warned us.]

[Footnote 1: Gr. _presence_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _the consummation of the age_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _these good tidings_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _inhabited earth_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _a holy place_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _him_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _them_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _vultures_.]

[Footnote 10: Many ancient authorities read _with a great trumpet, and they shall gather &c._]

[Footnote 11: Or, _a trumpet of great sound_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote 13: Many authorities, some ancient, omit _neither the Son_.]

[Footnote 14: Or, _But this ye know._]

[Footnote 15: Gr. _digged through_.]

[Footnote 16: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 17: Or, _severely scourge him_.]

[Footnote 18: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 19: Or, _put them to death_.]

[Footnote 20: Some ancient authorities omit _and pray_.]

[Footnote 21: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 22: Gr. you _being brought_.]

[Footnote 23: Or, _shall they put to death_.]

[Footnote 24: Or, _lives_.]

[Footnote 25: Or, _earth_.]

[Footnote 26: Or, _expiring_.]

[Footnote 27: Gr. _the inhabited earth_.]

|Matt. chap. 25 _Parable of | 1 Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto the Ten | ten virgins, which took their [1]lamps, and went Virgins._ | 2 forth to meet the bridegroom. And five of them were | 3 foolish, and five were wise. For the foolish, when | 4 they took their [1]lamps, took no oil with them: but | the wise took oil in their vessels with their | 5 [1]lamps. Now while the bridegroom tarried, they all | 6 slumbered and slept. But at midnight there is a cry, | Behold, the bridegroom! Come ye forth to meet him. | 7 Then all those virgins arose, and trimmed their | 8 [1]lamps. And the foolish said unto the wise, Give | 9 us of your oil; for our [1]lamps are going out. But | the wise answered, saying, Peradventure there will | not be enough for us and you: go ye rather to them |10 that sell, and buy for yourselves. And while they | went away to buy, the bridegroom came; and they that | were ready went in with him to the marriage feast: |11 and the door was shut. Afterward, come also the |12 other virgins, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us. But | he answered and said, Verily I say unto you, I know |13 you not. Watch therefore, for ye know not the day | nor the hour. _Parable of |14 For _it is_ as _when_ a man, going into another the Talents._| country, called his own [2]servants, and delivered |15 unto them his goods. And unto one he gave five | talents, to another two, to another one; to each | according to his several ability; and he went on his |16 journey. Straightway he that received the five | talents went and traded with them, and made other |17 five talents. In like manner he also that _received_ |18 the two gained other two. But he that received the | one went away and digged in the earth, and hid his |19 lord's money. Now after a long time the lord of | those [2]servants cometh, and maketh a reckoning with |20 them. And he that received the five talents came and | brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou | deliveredst unto me five talents: lo, I have gained |21 other five talents. His lord said unto him, Well | done, good and faithful [3]servant: thou hast been | faithful over a few things, I will set thee over | many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. |22 And he also that _received_ the two talents came and | said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: |23 lo, I have gained other two talents. His lord said | unto him, Well done, good and faithful [3]servant; | thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will | set thee over many things: enter thou into the joy |24 of thy lord. And he also that had received the one | talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou | art a hard man, reaping where thou didst not sow, |25 and gathering where thou didst not scatter: and I | was afraid, and went away and hid thy talent in the |26 earth: lo, thou hast thine own. But his lord | answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful | [3]servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed |27 not, and gather where I did not scatter; thou | oughtest therefore to have put my money to the | bankers, and at my coming I should have received |28 back mine own with interest. Take ye away therefore | the talent from him, and give it unto him that hath |29 the ten talents. For unto every one that hath shall | be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him | that hath not, even that which he hath shall be |30 taken away. And cast ye out the unprofitable | [3]servant into the outer darkness: there shall be | the weeping and gnashing of teeth. _6 Picture |31 But when the Son of man shall come in his glory, of the | and all the angels with him [_see Zech. 14:5_], then Judgment |32 shall he sit on the throne of his glory: and before with Parable | him shall be gathered all the nations: and he shall of the Sheep | separate them one from another, as the shepherd and the |33 separateth the sheep from the [4]goats; and he shall Goats._ | set the sheep on his right hand, but the [4]goats on |34 the left. Then shall the King say unto them on his | right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit | the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of |35 the world: for I was an hungred, and ye gave me | meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a |36 stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed | me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, |37 and ye came unto me. Then shall the righteous answer | him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and |38 fed thee? or athirst, and gave thee drink? And when | saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, |39 and clothed thee? And when saw we thee sick, or in |40 prison, and came unto thee? And the King shall | answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, | Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, |41 _even_ these least, ye did it unto me. Then shall he | say also unto them on the left hand, [5]Depart from | me, ye cursed, into the eternal fire which is |42 prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was an | hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and |43 ye gave me no drink: I was a stranger, and ye took | me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and |44 in prison, and ye visited me not. Then shall they | also answer, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an | hungred, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or | sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? |45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto | you, Inasmuch as ye did it not unto one of these |46 least, ye did it not unto me. And these shall go | away into eternal punishment: but the righteous into | eternal life [_see Dan. 12:2_].

[Footnote 1: Or, _torches_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _kids_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _Depart from me under a curse._]

Sect. 140. JESUS PREDICTS HIS CRUCIFIXION TWO DAYS HENCE (JEWISH FRIDAY)

Probably at Bethany on Tuesday evening (beginning of Jewish Wednesday). The Rulers in Jerusalem plot His death

Sect. 141. AT THE FEAST IN THE HOUSE OF SIMON THE LEPER MARY OF BETHANY ANOINTS JESUS FOR HIS BURIAL

At Bethany (Tuesday evening, Jewish Wednesday)

[Footnote 1: Or, _a flask_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _pistic nard_, pistic being perhaps a local name. Some take it to mean _genuine_; others, _liquid_.]

[Footnote 3: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about seventeen cents.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _box_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _carried what was put therein_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _Let her alone:_ it was _that she might keep it_.]

[Footnote a: This anointing has nothing in common with that given by Luke (Sect. 59), except the fact of a woman anointing the Saviour's feet, and the name Simon, which was common. The former was in Galilee, this is at Bethany near Jerusalem. There the host despised the woman who anointed, here her brother is one of the guests, and her sister an active attendant. There the woman was "a sinner," a notoriously bad woman, here it is the devout Mary who "sat at the Lord's feet and heard his word" months before (Sect. 104). There the host thought strange that Jesus allowed her to touch him, here the disciples complain of the waste. There the Saviour gave assurance of forgiveness, here of perpetual and world-wide honor. Especially notice that here the woman who anoints is anticipating his speedy death and burial, of which at the former time he had never distinctly spoken. In view of all these differences it is absurd to represent the two anointings as the same, and outrageous on such slender ground to cast reproach on Mary of Bethany.]

Sect. 142. JUDAS, STUNG BY THE REBUKE OF JESUS AT THE FEAST, BARGAINS WITH THE RULERS TO BETRAY JESUS

Tuesday Night in Jerusalem

[Footnote 1: Gr. _the one of the twelve_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _without tumult_.]

Sect. 143. THE PREPARATION FOR THE PASCHAL MEAL AT THE HOME OF A FRIEND (POSSIBLY THAT OF JOHN MARK'S FATHER AND MOTHER)

Jerusalem, Thursday[a] afternoon. (A Day of Preparation)

[Footnote 1: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote a: Wednesday (A Day of Rest) was apparently spent with the disciples in retirement in Bethany. Thursday was spent wholly with the disciples till the arrest in Gethsemane after midnight.]

Sect. 144. JESUS PARTAKES OF THE PASCHAL MEAL WITH THE TWELVE APOSTLES AND REBUKES THEIR JEALOUSY

Jerusalem, Thursday evening after sunset (beginning of Jewish Friday)

Mark 14:17 |Matt. 26:20 |Luke 22:14-16, 24-30 | | 17 And when it was |20 Now when even was |14 And when the hour evening he cometh | come, he was sitting| was come, he sat with the twelve. | at meat with the | down, and the | twelve [1]disciples;| apostles with him. | |15 And he said unto | | them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover[a] with you before I suffer: 16 for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. 24 And there arose also a contention among them, which of them is 25 accounted to be [2]greatest. And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles have lordship over them; and they that have authority 26 over them are called Benefactors. But ye _shall_ not _be_ so: but he that is the greater among you, let him become as the younger; 27 and he that is chief, as he that doth serve. For whether is greater, he that [3]sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that [3]sitteth at meat? but I am in the midst of you as he that 28 serveth. But ye are they which have continued with me in my 29 temptations; and [4]I appoint unto you a kingdom, even as my 30 Father appointed unto me, that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

[Footnote 1: Many authorities, some ancient, omit _disciples_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _greater_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _reclineth_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _I appoint unto you, even as my Father appointed unto me a kingdom, that ye may eat and drink etc._]

[Footnote a: Some regard certain expressions in the Gospel of John as showing that Jesus did not eat the Paschal meal, thus hopelessly contradicting the other Gospels. But no one of John's expressions shows what is supposed, and one of them really indicates the contrary. See note at end of volume. Matthew, Mark, and Luke clearly show that he did eat the regular Passover meal.]

Sect. 145. DURING THE PASCHAL MEAL, JESUS WASHES THE FEET OF HIS DISCIPLES

Evening before the Crucifixion (our Thursday, Jewish Friday)

John 13:1-20

1 Now before[a] the feast of the passover, Jesus knowing that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved 2 them [1]unto the end. And during supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's _son_, to betray 3 him, _Jesus_, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came forth from God, and goeth unto God, 4 riseth from supper, and layeth aside his garments; and he took a 5 towel, and girded himself. Then he poureth water into the bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the 6 towel wherewith he was girded. So he cometh to Simon Peter. He 7 saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt 8 understand hereafter. Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part 9 with me. Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but 10 also my hands and my head. Jesus saith to him, He that is bathed needeth not [2]save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and 11 ye are clean, but not all. For he knew him that should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean. 12 So when he had washed their feet, and taken his garments, and [3]sat down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to 13 you? Ye call me, [4]Master, and, Lord: and ye say well; for so I 14 am. If I then, the Lord and the [4]Master, have washed your feet, 15 ye also ought to wash one another's feet. For I have given you an 16 example, that ye also should do as I have done to you. Verily, verily, I say unto you, A [5]servant is not greater than his lord; 17 neither [6]one that is sent greater than he that sent him. If ye 18 know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them. I speak not of you all: I know whom I [7]have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth [8]my bread lifted up his heel 19 against me [_see Ps. 41:9_]. From henceforth I tell you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that 20 [9]I am _he_. Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.

[Footnote 1: Or, _to the uttermost_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities omit _save_, and _his feet_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _reclined_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _an apostle_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _chose_.]

[Footnote 8: Many ancient authorities read _his bread with me_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _I am_.]

[Footnote a: It is needlessly inferred that John by this expression means that it was a full day before the passover meal. In fact, the words in verse 2 "during supper" rather imply that "before passover" was just before the meal began.]

Sect. 146. AT THE PASCHAL MEAL JESUS POINTS OUT JUDAS AS THE BETRAYER

Thursday evening (Jewish Friday)

[Footnote 1: Gr. _for him if that man_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _reclined_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _box_.]

Sect. 147. AFTER THE DEPARTURE OF JUDAS JESUS WARNS THE DISCIPLES (PETER IN PARTICULAR) AGAINST DESERTION, WHILE ALL PROTEST THEIR LOYALTY

[Footnote 1: Or, _was_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _even as I loved you, that ye also may love one another_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _caused to stumble_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _obtained you by asking_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _and he that hath no sword, let him sell his cloke, and buy one_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _end_.]

Sect. 148. JESUS INSTITUTES THE MEMORIAL OF EATING BREAD AND DRINKING WINE

Jerusalem. Evening before the Crucifixion

[Footnote 1: Or, _a loaf_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _the cup_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _the testament_.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities insert _new_.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities omit _which is given for you ... which is poured out for you._]

[Footnote 6: Or, _testament_.]

[Footnote 7: Many ancient authorities read _is broken for you_.]

[Footnote a: Luke here (see Sect. 144) departs from the order of Mark (and Matthew) and mentions the institution of the supper earlier in the evening. It seems best to follow the chronology of Mark, who places it after the departure of Judas.]

[Footnote b: These are two parallel reports of the institution of the supper. Mark is followed by Matthew and 1 Corinthians (about A.D. 56) by Luke (not earlier than A.D. 58).]

Sect. 149. THE FAREWELL DISCOURSE TO HIS DISCIPLES IN THE UPPER ROOM

Jerusalem

John 14[a]

1 Let not your heart be troubled: [1]ye believe in God, believe 2 also in me. In my Father's house are many [2]mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I come again, and will receive you unto myself; that where I am, _there_ ye may be also. 4 [3]And whither I go, ye know the way. Thomas saith unto him, Lord, 5 we know not whither thou goest; how know we the way? Jesus saith 6 unto him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life: no one cometh 7 unto the Father, but [4]by me. If ye had known me, ye would have known my Father also: from henceforth ye know him, and have seen 8 him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, shew us the Father, and it 9 sufficeth us. Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and dost thou not know me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath 10 seen the Father; how sayest thou, Shew us the Father? Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but the Father 11 abiding in me doeth his works. Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works' sake. 12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater _works_ than these shall 13 he do; because I go unto the Father. And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in 14 the Son. If ye shall ask [5]me anything in my name, that will I 15 do. If ye love me, ye will keep my commandments. And I will 16 [6]pray the Father, and he shall give you another [7]Comforter, 17 that he may be with you for ever, _even_ the Spirit of truth: whom the world cannot receive; for it beholdeth him not, neither knoweth him: ye know him; for he abideth with you, and shall be in 18 you. I will not leave you [8]desolate: I come unto you. Yet a 19 little while, and the world beholdeth me no more; but ye behold 20 me: because I live, [9]ye shall live also. In that day ye shall 21 know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you. He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love 22 him, and will manifest myself unto him. Judas (not Iscariot) saith unto him, Lord, what is come to pass that thou wilt manifest 23 thyself unto us, and not unto the world? Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my word: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our 24 abode with him. He that loveth me not keepeth not my words: and the word which ye hear is not mine, but the Father's who sent me. 25 These things have I spoken unto you, while _yet_ abiding with 26 you. But the [7]Comforter, _even_ the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring to 27 your remembrance all that I said unto you. Peace I leave with you; my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. 28 Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be fearful. Ye heard how I said to you, I go away, and I come unto you. If ye loved me, ye would have rejoiced, because I go unto the Father: 29 for the Father is greater than I. And now I have told you before 30 it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe. I will no more speak much with you, for the prince of the world 31 cometh: and he hath nothing in me; but that the world may know that I love the Father, and as the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.[b]

[Footnote 1: Or, _believe in God_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _abiding-places_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities read _And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know._]

[Footnote 4: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote 5: Many ancient authorities omit _me_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _make request of_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _Advocate_. Or, _Helper_. Gr. _Paraclete_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _orphans_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _and ye shall live_.]

[Footnote a: Chapters 13 to 17 in John really belong together. There is first the effort of Jesus to stop the bickerings of the Twelve, then his warning and their reply. Jesus continues to address them with repeated interruption (dialogue), but finally they fear to ask him further (monologue). The discourse concludes with the wonderful prayer (the real Lord's Prayer) in chapter 17.]

[Footnote b: Apparently they leave the Upper Room.]

Sect. 150. THE DISCOURSE ON THE WAY TO GETHSEMANE

Possibly on the Street

John 15 and 16[a]

1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. Every branch 2 in me that beareth not fruit, he taketh it away: and every _branch_ that beareth fruit, he cleanseth it, that it may bear 3 more fruit. Already ye are clean because of the word which I have 4 spoken unto you. Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; so neither can 5 ye, except ye abide in me. I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same beareth much fruit: for 6 apart from me ye can do nothing. If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and they gather them, and 7 cast them into the fire, and they are burned. If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask whatsoever ye will, and it shall be 8 done unto you. Herein [1]is my Father glorified, [2]that ye bear 9 much fruit; and _so_ shall ye be my disciples. Even as the Father 10 hath loved me, I also have loved you: abide ye in my love. If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have 11 kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love. These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy may be in you, and _that_ your 12 joy may be fulfilled. This is my commandment, that ye love one 13 another, even as I have loved you. Greater love hath no man than 14 this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Ye are my 15 friends, if ye do the things which I command you. No longer do I call you [3]servants; for the [4]servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I heard 16 from my Father I have made known unto you. Ye did not choose me, but I chose you, and appointed you, that ye should go and bear fruit, and _that_ your fruit should abide: that whatsoever ye 17 shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you. These 18 things I command you, that ye may love one another. If the world hateth you, [5]ye know that it hath hated me before _it hated_ 19 you. If ye were of the world, the world would love its own: but because ye are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, 20 therefore the world hateth you. Remember the word that I said unto you, A [4]servant is not greater than his lord. If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you; if they keep my word, they will 21 keep yours also. But all these things will they do unto you for my 22 name's sake, because they know not him that sent me. If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: but now they have 23 no excuse for their sin. He that hateth me hateth my Father also. 24 If I had not done among them the works which none other did, they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both me and 25 my Father. But _this cometh to pass_, that the word may be fulfilled that is written in their law, They hated me without a 26 cause [_see Ps. 35:19; 69:4_]. But when the [6]Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, _even_ the Spirit of truth, which [7]proceedeth from the Father, he shall bear witness 27 of me: [8]and ye also bear witness, because ye have been with me from the beginning.

1 These things have I spoken unto you, that ye should not be made 2 to stumble. They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the hour cometh, that whosoever killeth you shall think that he offereth 3 service unto God. And these things will they do, because they have 4 not known the Father, nor me. But these things have I spoken unto you, that when their hour is come, ye may remember them, how that I told you. And these things I said not unto you from the 5 beginning, because I was with you. But now I go unto him that sent 6 me; and none of you asketh me, Whither goest thou? But because I have spoken these things unto you, sorrow hath filled your heart. 7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the [6]Comforter will not come unto 8 you; but if I go, I will send him unto you. And he, when he is come, will convict the world in respect of sin, and of 9 righteousness, and of judgement: of sin, because they believe not 10 on me; of righteousness, because I go to the Father, and ye behold 11 me no more; of judgement, because the prince of this world hath 12 been judged. I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot 13 bear them now. Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he shall guide you into all the truth: for he shall not speak from himself; but what things soever he shall hear, _these_ shall he speak: and he shall declare unto you the things that are to come. 14 He shall glorify me: for he shall take of mine, and shall declare 15 _it_ unto you. All things whatsoever the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that he taketh of mine, and shall declare _it_ 16 unto you. A little while, and ye behold me no more; and again a 17 little while, and ye shall see me. _Some_ of his disciples therefore said one to another, What is this that he saith unto us, A little while, and ye behold me not; and again a little while, 18 and ye shall see me: and, Because I go to the Father? They said therefore, What is this that he saith, A little while? We know not 19 what he saith. Jesus perceived that they were desirous to ask him, and he said unto them, Do ye inquire among yourselves concerning this, that I said, A little while, and ye behold me not, and again 20 a little while, and ye shall see me? Verily, verily, I say unto you, that ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice: 21 ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy. A woman when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour is come: but when she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no more 22 the anguish, for the joy that a man is born into the world. And ye therefore now have sorrow: but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no one taketh away from you 23 [_see Isa. 66:14_]. And in that day ye shall [9]ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you, If ye shall ask anything of the 24 Father, he will give it you in my name. Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be fulfilled. 25 These things have I spoken unto you in [10]proverbs: the hour cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in [10]proverbs, but 26 shall tell you plainly of the Father. In that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, that I will [11]pray the Father 27 for you; for the Father himself loveth you, because ye have loved 28 me, and have believed that I came forth from the Father. I came out from the Father, and am come into the world: again, I leave 29 the world, and go unto the Father. His disciples say, Lo, now 30 speakest thou plainly, and speakest no [12]proverb. Now know we that thou knowest all things, and needest not that any man should ask thee: by this we believe that thou camest forth from God. 31 Jesus answered them, Do ye now believe? Behold, the hour cometh, 32 yea, is come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his own, and shall leave me alone: and _yet_ I am not alone, because the 33 Father is with me. These things have I spoken unto you, that in me ye may have peace. In the world ye have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.

[Footnote 1: Or, _was_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities read _that ye bear much fruit, and be my disciples_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _know ye_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _Advocate_. Or, _Helper_. Gr. _Paraclete_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _goeth forth from_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _and bear ye also witness_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _ask me no question_.]

[Footnote 10: Or, _parables_.]

[Footnote 11: Gr. _make request of_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _parable_.]

[Footnote a: Chapters 14-17 are called the Heart of Christ. Nowhere does the Master lay bare his very soul more completely than here in chapters 15 and 16, with the allegory of the Vine and the teaching concerning the Holy Spirit.]

Sect. 151. CHRIST'S INTERCESSORY PRAYER

Possibly near Gethsemane

John 17

1 These things spake Jesus; and lifting up his eyes to heaven, he said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that the Son may 2 glorify thee: even as thou gavest him authority over all flesh, that whatsoever thou hast given him, to them he should give 3 eternal life. And this is life eternal, that they should know thee the only true God, and him whom thou didst send, _even_ Jesus 4 Christ. I glorified thee on the earth, having accomplished the 5 work which thou hast given me to do. And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee 6 before the world was. I manifested thy name unto the men whom thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them 7 to me; and they have kept thy word. Now they know that all things 8 whatsoever thou hast given me are from thee: for the words which thou gavest me I have given unto them; and they received _them_, and knew of a truth that I came forth from thee, and they believed 9 that thou didst send me. I [1]pray for them: I [1]pray not for the world, but for those whom thou hast given me; for they are thine: 10 and all things that are mine are thine, and thine are mine: and I 11 am glorified in them. And I am no more in the world, and these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep them in thy name which thou hast given me, that they may be one, even as we 12 _are_. While I was with them, I kept them in thy name which thou hast given me: and I guarded them, and not one of them perished, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled 13 [_see Ps. 41:9_]. But now I come to thee; and these things I speak 14 in the world, that they may have my joy fulfilled in themselves. I have given them thy word; and the world hated them, because they 15 are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. I [1]pray not that thou shouldest take them [2]from the world, but that thou 16 shouldest keep them [2]from [3]the evil _one_. They are not of the 17 world, even as I am not of the world. [4]Sanctify them in the 18 truth: thy word is truth. As thou didst send me into the world, 19 even so sent I them into the world. And for their sakes I [4]sanctify myself, that they themselves also may be sanctified in 20 truth. Neither for these only do I [1]pray, but for them also that 21 believe on me through their word; that they may all be one; even as thou, Father, _art_ in me, and I in thee, that they also may be 22 in us: that the world may believe that thou didst send me. And the glory which thou hast given me I have given unto them; that they 23 may be one, even as we _are_ one; I in them, and thou in me, that they may be perfected into one; that the world may know that thou 24 didst send me, and lovedst them, even as thou lovedst me. Father, [5]that which thou hast given me, I will that, where I am, they also may be with me; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the 25 world. O righteous Father, the world knew thee not, but I knew 26 thee; and these knew that thou didst send me; and I made known unto them thy name, and will make it known; that the love wherewith thou lovedst me may be in them, and I in them.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _make request_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _out of_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _evil_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Consecrate_.]

[Footnote 5: Many ancient authorities read _those whom_.]

Sect. 152. GOING FORTH TO GETHSEMANE, JESUS SUFFERS LONG IN AGONY

IN AN OPEN GARDEN, BETWEEN THE BROOK KEDRON AND THE FOOT OF THE MOUNT OF OLIVES

Late in the night introducing Friday

[Footnote 1: Gr. _an enclosed piece of ground_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _Watch ye, and pray that ye enter not_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities omit verses 43, 44.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _ravine_. Gr. _winter-torrent_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _of the Cedars_.]

[Footnote a: The Synoptic Gospels do not give the great discourse of Jesus in John 14 to 17. Hence they represent Jesus as going forth to Gethsemane after the institution of the supper (Sect. 148). The time was probably not long and they apparently sang the hymn (probably one of the Psalms) as they rose to leave the Upper Room (John 14:31). Hence the passage in John 15 to 17 comes in between singing the hymn and reaching Gethsemane.]