A Harmony of the Gospels for Students of the Life of Christ Based on the Broadus Harmony in the Revised Version

PART VI

Chapter 295,808 wordsPublic domain

THE BEGINNING OF CHRIST'S PUBLIC MINISTRY

THE YEAR OF OBSCURITY[a]

Probably Part of A.D. 26 and 27

_In all parts of the Holy Land (the first Perean Ministry, the first Galilean Ministry, the first Judean Ministry, the first Samaritan Ministry). Sects. 24-36. This early ministry includes the baptism, the temptation, John's witness to Jesus, the first disciples, the first miracle and work in Galilee, the first work in Judea, the arrest of John, the work in Samaria, and the return to Galilee._

[Footnote a: The precise duration of this early ministry cannot be determined. Our Lord's baptism must have been at least two months _before_ the Passover, and may have been some weeks or months earlier. Then the highly successful ministry in Judea _after_ the Passover must have lasted several months (John 3:22; 4:1-3). If the "yet four months" in John 4:35 be understood to be not a common saying as to the usual interval between seedtime and harvest, but a statement that it was _then_ just four months before harvest, that would make the Judean ministry extend eight months after the Passover. But this interpretation is upon the whole improbable, and we can only say that the opening ministry lasted several months. The time occupied makes very little difference for our understanding the events and discourses. All of the incidents during this period after the temptation are given in John's Gospel. But for the Fourth Gospel we should not know that Jesus did not plunge at once into the great Galilean Ministry.]

Sect. 24. JESUS BAPTIZED BY JOHN IN THE JORDAN

Bethany beyond Jordan. Probably A.D. 26

Mark 1:9-11 |Matt. 3:13-17 |Luke 3:21-23 | | 9 And it came to |13 Then cometh Jesus | pass in those days, | from Galilee to the | that Jesus came from| [a]Jordan unto John,| Nazareth of Galilee,| to be baptized of | and was baptized of |14 him. But John would | John [4]in the | have hindered him, | Jordan. | saying, I have need | | to be baptized of | | thee, and comest | |15 thou to me? But | | Jesus answering said| | unto him, Suffer | | [1]_it_ now: for | | thus it becometh us | | to fulfil all | | righteousness. Then |21 Now it came to 10 And straightway | he suffereth him. | pass, when all the coming up out of the|16 And Jesus, when he | people were water, he saw the | was baptized, went | baptized, that, heavens rent | up straightway from | Jesus also having | the water: and lo, | been baptized, and | the heavens were | praying, the | opened [2]unto him, |22 heaven was opened, | and he saw the | and the Holy Ghost asunder, and the | Spirit of God | [b]descended in a Spirit as a dove | descending as a | bodily form, as a descending upon him:| dove, and coming | dove, upon him 11 and a voice came out|17 upon him; and lo, a | [_see John of the heavens, Thou| voice out of the | 1:32-34_], and a art my beloved Son, | heavens, saying, | voice came out of in thee I am well | [3]This is my | heaven, Thou art pleased [_see Ps. | beloved Son, in whom| my beloved Son; in 2:7; Isa. 42:1_]. | I am well pleased. | thee [c]I am well | |23 pleased. And Jesus | | himself, when he | | began _to teach_, | | was about thirty | | years of age.

[Footnote 1: Or, me.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities omit _unto him_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _This is my son; my beloved in whom I am well pleased._]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _into_.]

[Footnote a: The Gospel of the Hebrews (one of the apocryphal gospels) is quoted by Jerome (_adv. Pelag._ iii, 2) as having the following: "Behold, the Lord's mother and His brethren were saying to Him, John the Baptist baptizes unto the remission of sins; let us go and be baptized by him. But he said unto them, What sin have I done, that I should go and be baptized by him? unless perchance this very thing which I have said is an ignorance."]

[Footnote b: The Gospel of John does not describe the baptism of Jesus, but refers to the event in a way that shows knowledge of the Synoptic Gospels.]

[Footnote c: Codex Bezae (D) reads in Luke: "Thou art my beloved son, to-day have I begotten thee." The Gospel of the Ebionites has: "Thou art my beloved son, in thee I am well pleased, to-day I have begotten thee."

See Sect. 85 for similar language at the Transfiguration.]

Sect. 25. THE THREE TEMPTATIONS[a] OF JESUS

The Wilderness of Judea. Probably A.D. 26

Mark 1:12-13 |Matt. 4:1-11 |Luke 4:1-13 | | 12 And | 1 Then was Jesus led | 1 And Jesus, full of straightway the | up of the Spirit into| the Holy Spirit, Spirit driveth | the wilderness to be | returned from the him forth into | tempted of the devil.| Jordan, and was led the wilderness. | 2 And when he had | 2 [3]by the Spirit in 13 And he was in | fasted forty days and| the wilderness during the wilderness | forty nights, he | forty days, being forty days | afterward hungered. | tempted of the devil tempted of | 3 And the tempter came | [_see Heb. 4:15_]. Satan; and he | and said unto him, If| And he did eat was with the | thou art the Son of | nothing in those wild beasts; | God, command that | days: and when they | these stones become | were completed, he | 4 [1]bread. But he | 3 hungered. And the | answered and said, It| devil said unto him, | is written [_see | If thou art the Son | Deut. 8:3_], Man | of God, command this | shall not live by | stone that it become | bread alone, but by | 4 [4]bread. And Jesus | every word that | answered unto him, It | proceedeth out of the| is written [_see | 5 mouth of God. Then | Deut. 8:3_], Man | the devil taketh him | shall not live by | into the holy city; | 5 bread alone. And he | and he set him on the| led him up, and | [2]pinnacle of the | shewed him all the | 6 temple, and saith | kingdoms of [5]the | unto him, If thou art| world in a moment of | the Son of God, cast | 6 time. And the devil | thyself down: for it | said unto him, To | is written [_see Ps. | thee will I give all | 91:11-12_], | this authority, and | He shall give his | the glory of them: | angels charge | for it hath been | concerning thee: | delivered unto me; | And on their hands | and to whomsoever I | they shall bear | 7 will I give it. If | thee up, | thou therefore wilt | Lest haply thou | worship before me, it | dash thy foot | shall all be thine. | against a stone. | 8 And Jesus answered | 7 Jesus said unto him, | and said unto him, It | Again it is written | is written [_see | [_see Deut. 6:16_], | Deut. 6:13_], Thou | Thou shalt not tempt | shalt worship the | the Lord thy God. | Lord thy God, and him | 8 Again, the devil | only shalt thou | taketh him unto an | 9 serve. And he led him | exceeding high | to Jerusalem, and set | mountain, and sheweth| him on the [2]pinnacle | him all the kingdoms | of the temple, and | of the world, and the| said unto him, If | 9 glory of them; and he| thou art the Son of | said unto him, All | God, cast thyself | these things will I |10 down from hence: for | give thee, if thou | it is written [_see | wilt fall down and | Ps. 91:11-12_], |10 worship me. Then | He shall give his | saith Jesus unto him,| angels charge | Get thee hence, | concerning thee, | Satan: for it is | to guard thee: | written [_see Deut. |11 And on their hands | 6:13_], Thou shalt | they shall bear | worship the Lord thy | thee up, | God, and him only | Lest haply thou | shalt thou serve. | dash thy foot | | against a stone. | |12 And Jesus answering | | said unto him, It is | | said [_Deut. 6:16_], | | Thou shalt not tempt | | the Lord thy God. |11 Then the devil |13 And when the devil | leaveth him; and | had completed every and the angels | behold angels came | temptation, he ministered unto | and ministered unto | departed from him him. | him. | [6]for a season.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _wing_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _in_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _a loaf_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _the inhabited earth_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _until_.]

[Footnote a: Mark gives only a summary account while the Logia (the oldest known record) tells the temptations in detail. This early document reveals the Messianic consciousness of Jesus as distinctly as it appears in the Gospel of John. The record of the baptism in Sect. 24 and of the temptation in Sect. 25 goes back to the two oldest strata of the Gospel sources (Mark or the Memoirs of Peter and the Logia of Matthew) and shows that Jesus enters upon his Messianic work knowing that he had his Father's approval and the power of the Holy Spirit upon him.]

Sect. 26. THE TESTIMONY OF THE BAPTIST TO THE COMMITTEE OF THE SANHEDRIN

At Bethany beyond Jordan

John 1:19-28

19 And this is the witness of John, when the Jews sent unto him from 20 Jerusalem priests and Levites to ask him, Who art thou? And he confessed, and denied not; and he confessed, I am not the Christ. 21 And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elijah? And he saith, I am 22 not. Art thou the prophet? And he answered, No. They said therefore unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to 23 them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself? He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the 24 Lord, as said Isaiah the prophet [_see Isa. 40:3_]. [1]And they 25 had been sent from the Pharisees.[a] And they asked him, and said unto him, Why then baptizest thou, if thou art not the Christ, 26 neither Elijah, neither the prophet? John answered them, saying, I baptize [2]with water: in the midst of you standeth one whom ye 27 know not, _even_ he that cometh after me, the latchet of whose 28 shoe I am not worthy to unloose. These things were done in [3]Bethany beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.

[Footnote 1: Or, _And_ certain _had been sent from among the Pharisees_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _in_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities read _Bethabarah_, some _Betharabah_.]

[Footnote a: In 1:19 the priests and Levites are Sadducees. The idea seems to be that the Pharisees had the Sadducees sent on this embassy (_cf._ Sect. 22). Later Jesus will say that John was Elijah that was to come; some will even take Jesus to be Elijah.]

Sect. 27. JOHN'S IDENTIFICATION OF JESUS AS THE MESSIAH

At Bethany beyond the Jordan

John 1:29-34

29 On the morrow he seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold, the Lamb of God, which [1]taketh away the sin of the world [_see 30 Isa. 53:7_]! This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man 31 which is become before me: for he was [2]before me. And I knew him not; but that he should be made manifest to Israel, for this cause 32 came I baptizing [3]with water. And John bare witness, saying, I have beheld the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven; and it 33 abode upon him. And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize [3]with water, he said unto me, Upon whomsoever thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and abiding upon him, the same is he that 34 baptizeth [3]with the Holy Spirit. And I have seen, and have borne witness that this is the son of God.[a]

[Footnote 1: Or, _beareth the sin._]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _first in regard of me_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _in_.]

[Footnote a: Put together the Baptist's testimonies to Jesus in sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 33, 57. Add John 1:6-15. Note also the four testimonies of Jesus to John, sections 49, 57, 86, 132. Observe the four successive days here in John 1:19, 29, 35, 43, and the third day from the last in John 2:1, making a week that is covered in detail (_cf._ the Passion Week at the close). We have other glimpses of special days in the ministry, as the Busy Day of the blasphemous accusation and the parables (Matt. 12 and 13). In John 1:39 the very hour is preserved, probably Roman time (ten in the morning), as John writes long after the destruction of Jerusalem and outside of Palestine and uses the Roman reckoning (midnight to midnight) in John 20:19. But see note 11 at end of Harmony for Ramsay's objections to this view.]

Sect. 28. JESUS MAKES HIS FIRST[a] DISCIPLES

At Bethany beyond the Jordan

John 1:35-51

35 Again on the morrow John was standing, and two of his disciples; 36 and he looked upon Jesus as he walked, and saith, Behold, the Lamb 37 of God [_see Isa. 53:7_]! And the two disciples heard him speak, 38 and they followed Jesus. And Jesus turned, and beheld them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? And they said unto him, Rabbi (which is to say, being interpreted, [1]Master), where 39 abidest thou? He saith unto them, Come, and ye shall see. They came therefore and saw where he abode; and they abode with him 40 that day: it was about the tenth hour. One of the two that heard John _speak_, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. 41 He findeth first his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messiah (which is, being interpreted, [2]Christ). 42 He brought him unto Jesus. Jesus looked upon him, and said, thou art Simon the son of [3]John: thou shalt be called Cephas (which is by interpretation, [4]Peter). 43 On the morrow he was minded to go forth into Galilee, and he 44 findeth Philip: and Jesus saith unto him, Follow me. Now Philip 45 was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, 46 the son of Joseph. And Nathanael said unto him, Can any good thing 47 come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see. Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold, an 48 Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee. 49 Nathanael answered him, Rabbi, thou art the son of God; thou art 50 King of Israel[b] [_see 2 Sam. 7:14; Ps. 2:7_]. Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee underneath the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than 51 these. And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye shall see the heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man[c] [_see Gen. 28:12_].

[Footnote 1: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 2: That is, _Anointed_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _Joanes_: called in Matt. 16:17, _Jonah_.]

[Footnote 4: That is, _Rock_ or _Stone_.]

[Footnote a: Notice here a series of First Things; first testimony of John, first disciples, first miracle, first residence at Capernaum, first passover during his ministry, first extended discourse.]

[Footnote b: Notice that these first disciples at once believed that Jesus was the Messiah (ver. 41, 45, 49). Compare the confession of Jesus (Sect. 35) to the Woman at Jacob's well and the confessions of Peter in Matt. 14:33; John 6:69; Matt. 16:16 (Sects. 74, 76, 82).]

[Footnote c: _Cf._ the close of the temptation in the wilderness and the experience in the Garden of Gethsemane.]

Sect. 29. JESUS WORKS HIS FIRST MIRACLE

At Cana in Galilee

John 2:1-11

1 And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and 2 the mother of Jesus was there: and Jesus also was bidden, and his 3 disciples, to the marriage. And when the wine failed, the mother 4 of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine. And Jesus saith unto her, Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine hour is not yet 5 come. His mother saith unto the servants, Whatsoever he saith unto 6 you, do it. Now there were six waterpots of stone set there after the Jews' manner of purifying, containing two or three firkins 7 apiece. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And 8 they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the [1]ruler of the feast. And they bare it. 9 And when the ruler of the feast tasted the water [2]now become wine, and knew not whence it was (but the servants which had drawn the water knew), the ruler of the feast calleth the bridegroom, 10 and saith unto him, Every man setteth on first the good wine; and when _men_ have drunk freely, _then_ that which is worse: thou 11 hast kept the good wine until now. This beginning of his signs did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested his glory; and his disciples believed on him.

[Footnote 1: Or, _steward_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _that it had become_.]

Sect. 30. JESUS MAKES A FIRST SOJOURN AT CAPERNAUM, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS KINDRED AND HIS EARLY DISCIPLES

(Later Capernaum will become his home)

John 2:12

12 After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, and _his_ brethren, and his disciples: and there they abode not many days.

Sect. 31. THE FIRST[a] CLEANSING OF THE TEMPLE AT THE PASSOVER

Jerusalem.[b] Probably A.D. 27

John 2:13-22

13 And the passover[c] of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to 14 Jerusalem. And he found in the temple those that sold oxen and 15 sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: and he made a scourge of cords, and cast all out of the temple, both the sheep and the oxen; and he poured out the changers' money, and overthrew 16 their tables; and to them that sold the doves he said, Take these things hence; make not my Father's house a house of merchandise. 17 His disciples remembered that it was written, The zeal of thine 18 house shall eat me up [_see Ps. 69:9_]. The Jews therefore answered and said unto him, What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing 19 thou doest these things? Jesus answered and said unto them, 20 Destroy this [1]temple, and in three days I will raise it up. The Jews therefore said, Forty and six years was this [1]temple in 21 building, and wilt thou raise it up in three days? But he spake of 22 the [1]temple of his body. When therefore he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he spake this; and they believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said.

[Footnote 1: Or, _sanctuary_.]

[Footnote a: Many scholars consider this the same incident as that in the Synoptic Gospels and placed by them in Passion Week (Sect. 129) probably on Monday. It is urged that Jesus would not have repeated such an act and hence one must follow either the order of John or of the Synoptics. But there is no inherent difficulty in the repetition of such an act when one reflects on the natural indignation of Jesus at the desecration of the temple on his visit during his ministry and considers that Jesus may have wished to make one last protest at the close of his ministry. Certainty, of course, is not possible in such an argument one way or the other.]

[Footnote b: Observe the successive _scenes_ of this early ministry--beside the Jordan, on the eastern side, at Cana of Galilee, at Capernaum, at Jerusalem, in Judea, in Samaria.]

[Footnote c: This is the first of the passovers in John's Gospel (2:13; 6:4; 13:1). There may have been another.]

Sect. 32. THE INTERVIEW OF NICODEMUS WITH JESUS

At Jerusalem during the Passover

John 2:23 to 3:21

23 Now when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, during the feast, 24 many believed on his name, beholding his signs which he did. But 25 Jesus did not trust himself unto them, for that he knew all men, and because he needed not that any one should bear witness concerning [1]man; for he himself knew what was in man. 1 Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus,[a] a ruler 2 of the Jews: the same came unto him by night, and said to him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man 3 can do these signs that thou doest, except God be with him. Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born [2]anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God. 4 Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born? 5 Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of 6 God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is 7 born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye 8 must be born [2]anew. [3]The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the voice thereof, but knowest not whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. 9 Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be? 10 Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou the teacher of Israel, 11 and understandest not these things? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and bear witness of that we have 12 seen; and ye receive not our witness. If I told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you 13 heavenly things? And no man hath ascended into heaven, but he that descended out of heaven, _even_ the Son of man, [4]which is in 14 heaven. And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness [_see 15 Num. 21:8-9_], even so must the Son of man be lifted up: that whosoever [5]believeth may in him have eternal life. 16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have 17 eternal life. For God sent not the Son into the world to judge the 18 world; but that the world should be saved through him. He that believeth on him is not judged: he that believeth not has been judged already, because he hath not believed on the name of the 19 only begotten Son of God. And this is the judgment, that the light is come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the 20 light; for their works were evil. For every one that [6]doeth ill hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, lest his works 21 should be [7]reproved. But he that doeth the truth cometh to the light, that his works may be made manifest, [8]that they have been wrought in God.

[Footnote 1: Or, _a man; for ... the man_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _from above_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _The Spirit breatheth_.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities omit _which is in heaven_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _believeth in him may have_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _practiseth_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _convicted_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _because_.]

[Footnote a: Nicodemus appears as an exception to the statement of 2:24, as one whom Jesus did trust, and who amid all difficulties of temperament and station proved not unworthy of the trust.]

Sect. 33. THE PARALLEL MINISTRY OF JESUS AND JOHN WITH JOHN'S LOYALTY TO JESUS[a]

John 3:22-36

22 After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of 23 Judea; and there he tarried with them, and baptized. And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because there [1]was much 24 water there: and they came, and were baptized. For John was not 25 yet cast into prison. There arose therefore a questioning on the 26 part of John's disciples with a Jew about purifying. And they came unto John, and said to him, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou hast borne witness, behold, the same 27 baptizeth, and all men come to him. John answered and said, A man 28 can receive nothing, except it have been given him from heaven. Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but, 29 that I am sent before him. He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: 30 this my joy therefore is fulfilled. He must increase, but I must decrease. 31 He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is of the earth, and of the earth he speaketh: [2]he that cometh 32 from heaven is above all. What he hath seen and heard, of that he 33 beareth witness; and no man receiveth his witness. He that hath received his witness hath set his seal to _this_, that God is 34 true. For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for he 35 giveth not the Spirit by measure. The Father loveth the Son, and 36 hath given all things into his hand. He that believeth on the Son hath eternal life; but he that [3]obeyeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _were many waters_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _he that cometh from heaven beareth witness of what he hath seen and heard_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _believeth not_.]

[Footnote a: Jesus gained his first disciples from John at Bethany beyond Jordan and many in Jerusalem. Now he is surpassing John. On John's loyalty to Jesus see my _John the Loyal_.]

Sect. 34. CHRIST'S REASONS FOR LEAVING JUDEA

John 4:1-4

1 When therefore the Lord knew how that the Pharisees had heard 2 that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John 3 (although Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples), he left 4 Judea, and departed again into Galilee. And he must needs pass through Samaria.

Luke 3:19, 20

19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother's wife, and for all the evil things which Herod had done, 20 added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison.[a]

Mark 1:14 |Matt. 4:12 |Luke 4:14 | | 14 Now after that |12 Now when he heard |14 And Jesus John was delivered | that John was | returned in the up, Jesus came into | delivered up, he | power of the Spirit Galilee. | withdrew into | into Galilee. | Galilee. |

[Footnote a: The place of John's imprisonment was Machaerus, east of the Dead Sea. See Josephus. _War_, Ch. VII, vi. In _Antiquities_, Ch. XVIII, v, 2 Josephus gives the public and political reason for John's imprisonment because of Herod's fear of a revolution. He "feared lest the great influences John had over the people might put it into his power and inclination to raise a rebellion."]

Sect. 35. JESUS IN SAMARIA.[a]

At Jacob's Well and in Sychar

John 4:5-42

5 So he cometh to a city of Samaria, called Sychar, near to the 6 parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph: and Jacob's [1]well was there [_see Josh. 24:32_]. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat [2]thus by the [1]well. It was about 7 the sixth hour. There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: 8 Jesus saith unto her, Give me to drink. For his disciples were 9 gone away into the city to buy food. The Samaritan woman therefore saith unto him, How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a Samaritan woman? ([3]For Jews have no dealings with 10 Samaritans.) Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee 11 living water. The woman saith unto him, [4]Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou 12 that living water? Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and drank thereof himself, and his sons, and his 13 cattle? Jesus answered and said unto her, Every one that drinketh 14 of this water shall thirst again: but whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well of water springing up 15 unto eternal life. The woman saith unto him, [4]Sir, give me this water, that I thirst not, neither come all the way hither to draw. 16 Jesus saith unto her, Go, call thy husband, and come hither. The 17 woman answered and said unto him, I have no husband. Jesus saith 18 unto her, Thou saidst well, I have no husband: for thou hast had five husbands; and he whom thou now hast is not thy husband: this 19 hast thou said truly. The woman saith unto him, [4]Sir, I perceive 20 that thou art a prophet. Our fathers worshipped in this mountain; and ye say, that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to 21 worship. Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe me, the hour cometh, when neither in this mountain, nor in Jerusalem, shall ye worship 22 the Father. Ye worship that which ye know not: we worship that 23 which we know: for salvation is from the Jews. But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and truth: [5]for such doth the Father seek to be 24 his worshippers. [6]God is a Spirit: and they that worship him 25 must worship in spirit and truth. The woman saith unto him, I know that Messiah cometh (which is called Christ): when he is come, he 26 will declare unto us all things. Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am _he_. 27 And upon this came his disciples; and they marvelled that he was speaking with a woman; yet no man said, What seekest thou? or, Why 28 speakest thou with her? So the woman left her waterpot, and went 29 away into the city, and saith to the men, Come, see a man, which 30 told me all things that _ever_ I did: can this be the Christ? They 31 went out of the city, and were coming to him. In the mean while 32 the disciples prayed him, saying, Rabbi, eat. But he said to them, 33 I have meat to eat that ye know not. The disciples therefore said 34 one to another, Hath any man brought him _aught_ to eat? Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, 35 and to accomplish his work. Say not ye, There are yet four months, and _then_ cometh the harvest? behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields, that they are [7]white already 36 unto harvest. He that reapeth receiveth wages, and gathereth fruit unto life eternal; that he that soweth and he that reapeth may 37 rejoice together. For herein is the saying true, One soweth, and 38 another reapeth. I sent you to reap that whereon ye have not laboured: others have laboured, and ye are entered into their labour. 39 And from that city many of the Samaritans believed on him [a]because of the word of the woman, who testified, He told me all 40 things that _ever_ I did. So when the Samaritans came unto him, they besought him to abide with them: and he abode there two days. 41 And many more believed because of his word; and they said to the 42 woman, Now we believe, not because of thy speaking: for we have heard for ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Saviour of the world.[b]

[Footnote 1: Gr. _spring_: and so in ver. 14; but not in ver. 11, 12.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _as he was_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities omit _For Jews have no dealings with Samaritans._]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Lord_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _for such the Father also seeketh_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _God is spirit_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _white unto harvest. Already he that reapeth &c._]

[Footnote a: Notice that John also had recently been preaching to Samaritans (Sect. 33) and compare hereafter Philip's work in the city of Samaria (Acts 8:5 ff.)]

[Footnote b: In this early ministry Jesus allowed himself to be regarded as the Messiah by his first disciples (Sect. 28), and personally declared that he was the Messiah to the woman at the well (Sect. 35) (John 4:26), which many other Samaritans also personally believed (John 4:39, 42). He never declared this to the Jewish rulers at Jerusalem till the very end (Sect. 155), doubtless because such an avowal would lead them to kill him, and so must not be made till his work in teaching the people and training his disciples should be completed. Compare what he says later to Peter in Matt. 16:17-20 (Sect. 82). At the baptism and the temptation of Jesus it was clear that Jesus knew that he was the Son of God, the Messiah, and was so regarded by the Baptist. Events in Judea and Galilee change the early policy of Jesus and lead to silence on his part in the use of the word Messiah, though many of the people know that he makes Messianic claims and the rulers in Jerusalem come to suspect him and to fear him. See my volume on _The Pharisees and Jesus_.]

Sect. 36. THE ARRIVAL OF JESUS IN GALILEE

John 4:43-45

43 And after the two days he went forth from thence into Galilee. 44 For Jesus himself testified, that a prophet hath no honour in his 45 own country [_see Luke 4:24; Mark 6:4; Matt. 13:57_]. So when he came into Galilee, the Galileans received him, having seen all the things that he did in Jerusalem at the feast: for they also went unto the feast.