Chapter 10

CARDINAL ORDINAL

1. _idn_, or _ŏnen_ (older _un_, 1st. _kensa_. _onan_, _onon_). {94}

2. _deu_ (older _dyw_, _dew_). 2nd. _nessa_ or _secund_.

3. _trŷ_, fem. _teir_ (older 3rd. _trûja_ (older _tresse_, _tyr_). _trege_).

4. _pajer_ (older, m. _peswar_, 4th. _peswordha_ (older _peswere_, f. _feder_). _pyswere_).

5. _pemp_ (older _pymp_). 5th. _pempes_ (older _pympes_).

6. _wheh_ (or _whe_). 6th. _whethes_ (older _whefes_).

7. _seyth_. 7th. _seythes_ (older _seythves_).

8. _eyth_. 8th. _eythes_.

9. _now_ (pronounced as the 9th. _nowes_. English word _now_).

10. deg (older _dek_). 10th. _degves_.

11. _idnak_. 11th. _idn-dhegves_.

12. _dawdhak(_older _dewthak_). 12th. _dawdhegves_.

13. _tôrdhak_. 13th. _tôrdhegves_.

14. _peswôrdhak_. 14th. _peswôrdhegves_.

15. _pempthak_. 15th. _pempthegves_.

16. _whedhak_. 16th. _whedhegves_.

17. _seydhak_. 17th. _seydhegves_.

18. _eydhak_. 18th. _eydhegves_.

19. _nownjak_ (_ow_ as in 19th. _nownjakves_. _now_).

20. _igans_. 20th. _igansves_.

21. _ǒnen war igans_. 21st. _kensa war igans_.

22. _deu war igans_, etc. 22nd. _nessa war igans_, etc.

30. _deg war igans_. 30th. _degves war igans_.

31. _idnak war igans_, _etc_. 31st. _idn-dhegves war igans_, etc.

40. _deugans_. 40th. _deugansves_.

50. _deg war deugans_ (or 50th. _degves war deugans_. _hanter cans_).

60. _trŷ igans_. 60th. _try-igansves_.

70. _deg war trŷ igans_ or _trŷ 70th. _degves war try-igans_ or _tri igans ha deg_. igans ha degves_.

80. _pajer igans_. 80th. _pajer-igansves_.

90. _deg war pajer igans_ or 90th. _degves war pajer-igansves_ or _pajer igans ha deg_. _pajer igans ha degves_.

100. _cans_. 100th. _cansves_.

200. _deu cans_. 200th. _deu cansves_.

300. _tryhans_. 300th. _tryhansves_.

1000. _mil_. 1000th. _milves_.

1,000,000. _milvil_ or _milyon_. millionth. _milvilves_.

When compound numbers are used, the noun follows the first of them. Thus:—

_trŷ igans bledhan ha deg_, 70 years (threescore years and ten), or deg _bledhan war trŷ igans_.

Larger compounds are made somewhat as in English. Thus A.D. 1904 is _Bledhan agan Arledh nownjak cans ha pajer_.

The later lists of ordinal numbers usually have _vas_ for the termination, but the practice of the older MSS., the analogy of Welsh and Breton, and the very definite sound of the last syllable of _pempes_ and _whethes_ in the traditional fragments collected by the present writer in 1875, all point to _e_ as the correct vowel.

_Nouns which follow numerals are put in the singular number_, {96} unless they are preceded by the preposition _a_, of. Thus:—

_wheh dên_, six men, not _wheh denyon_ or _wheh tîs_.

_trŷ mab_, three sons, not _trŷ mebyon_.

_pajer paw_, not _pajer pawyow_, four feet (a name still used in the English of Cornwall for a newt).

But sometimes, in a collective sense:—

_mil a bensow_, a thousand [of] pounds.

_wheh a vebyon ha wheh a verhes_, six sons and six daughters.

The numerals, cardinal or ordinal, unlike certain of them in Welsh and Breton, do not change the initials of the nouns which follow them.

It may be well to add here certain applications of the numerals.

Once, twice, three times, etc. are represented by the cardinal numbers followed by _gweth_, time (in the above sense), with its initial in the second state, _idnweth_, _deuweth_, _trŷweth_, etc. Sometimes _plek_, fold, is used, as _milblek_, a thousand-fold.

Proportional parts are: _qwartan_, a quarter, _hanter_, half, and for the rest the ordinal numeral followed by _radn_, part, e.g. _trûja radn_, the third part.

The divisions of time are: _secund_, a second; _minnis_, a minute; _êr_, an hour; _dêdh_, a day; _seithan_, a week; _mîs_, a month; _bledhan_, a year; _cansvledhan_, a century. “O’clock” is expressed by _êr_; _trŷ êr_, three o’clock. “Half-past three” is _hanter êr woja trŷ_=half-an-hour after three. Midday and midnight are _hanter-dêdh_ and _hanter-nos_. Half-past twelve (noon) is _hanter êr woja hanter-dêdh_.

The names of coins are: _pevar_, a farthing; _demma_, or _hanter-denar_, a halfpenny; _denar_, a penny; _whednar_ [=_wheh denar_], sixpence; _sôls_, a shilling; _hanter-corŭn_, half-a-crown; _corŭn_, a crown; _pens_, a pound.

Measurements of length are: _inch_; _trôs_, a foot; _gwêlan_, a yard; _fadhom_; _mildir_, a mile.

Weights are: _ons_, ounce; _pens_, pound; _tŏn_, ton.