Part 6

This Monkey is very commonly to be seen alive in European {62}menageries, where it appears to stand the northern climate fairly well. At a meeting of the Zoological Society in November, 1893, Dr. Sclater remarked that _Cercopithecus callitrichus_ (= _C. pygerythrus_) had recently bred in the Gardens. Concerning the latter birth a curious fact had been observed and reported by the keepers--that the young Monkey, which lived about two months, had been in the habit of sucking both of the mother's teats at once.

XVIII. THE TANTALUS GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS TANTALUS.

_Cercopithecus tantalus_, Ogilby, P. Z. S., 1841, p. 33; Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 73 (1876).

_Cercocebus tantalus_, var. f., Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).

CHARACTERS.--Head rounder and face shorter than in _C. callitrichus_. Face covered with very short hairs; nose prominent, and narrow between the eyes, flatter and broader towards the tip. Head, back, and sides, a mixture of yellowish-brown and green, of the same shade as prevails in the upper parts of _C. callitrichus_ and _C. pygerythrus_; outer surface of the limbs clearer ashy-grey; whiskers, throat, breast, under side of the body, and inner side of the limbs, yellowish-white; tail brown at the root, pale grey at the tip; back of hands and feet light grey; face livid flesh-colour round the eyes, the short hairs on the nose and cheeks black; lips light brown; eyebrows black, surmounted by a broad white band across the forehead; scrotal region covered with yellowish hairs. (_Ogilby._)

DISTRIBUTION.--Africa, but the exact habitat is unknown.

HABITS.--Unknown.

{63}III. CERCOPITHECI ERYTHRONOTI.

The next three species constitute the red-furred group of Geoffroy and Sclater, being bright rufous above, and white beneath.

XIX. THE PATAS GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS PATAS.

_Simia patas_, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 98, pl. xvi. (1775).

_Cercopithecus patas_, Erxleb. Syst. Règne An., p. 34 (1777); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 84 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249.

_Simia rubra_, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 34 (1788); Fischer, Synops. Mamm., p. 24 (1829).

_Cercopithecus ruber_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 96 (1812); id., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Desmar. Mamm., p. 59 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 509 (1841, pt.); Wagner, in Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 42 (1855); Scl., P. Z. S., 1874, p. 664.

_Le Patas et Le Patas à bandeau noir_, F. Cuvier, Hist. Mamm. i., livr. xv. (Avril, 1820).

_Chlorocebus ruber_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).

CHARACTERS.--Head broad and flattened; nose depressed; muzzle short; fur long and silky on the back of the head, elsewhere short. Orbits narrow; cheeks and muzzle naked; whiskers thick and bushy, encroaching far on the cheeks, and extending back below the ears; chin with a few hairs, but no beard. Head, back, sides, and hinder aspect of the arms and fore-arms, and of the thighs and legs, and of the upper and lower sides of the base, and the upper side of the rest of the tail, foxy red; shoulders, chest, front and rest of the fore-limbs, entire under side of the body, and of the terminal portion {64}of the tail, and inner side of the limbs, with the entire hands and feet, grey or greyish-white,--the hairs being ringed with black and white. The nude parts of the face and of the ears, hands, and feet, violet flesh-colour; a distinct superciliary arch black; a white bar from the eye to behind the ear; a black line from the superciliary stripe, extending down the nose-ridge and expanding on the tip; on the upper lip, a short moustache of black hairs; whiskers greyish-white, washed with yellow. This species varies considerably in size and in coloration.

In young animals the grey is often washed with rufous.

DISTRIBUTION.--West Africa: Senegal.

HABITS.--The Patas in its native forest lives in large troops, which unite together, as De la Brue has recorded, against a common enemy. He relates that as he passed along a river in his boat, the Patas came down to the tips of the branches out of curiosity, but after watching the party for a time they threw dry branches and other handy objects at them, till some of their number were at last shot. This so infuriated the survivors, that they redoubled their attack with stones and other missiles, giving utterance meanwhile to the most frightful cries. Mr. Martin, from whom we have condensed De la Brue's account, says that this species is lively in captivity, but very spiteful and capricious, its temper becoming worse with age.

XX. THE NISNAS GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS PYRRHONOTUS.

_Cercopithecus pyrrhonotus_, Hempr. et Ehrenb., Symb. Phys., pl. x. (1838); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth., v., p. 42 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 623; 1893, p. 250; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 84 (1876).

{65}_Cercopithecus ruber_, Rüpp., Neue Wirb. Säugeth., p. 8 (1835); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 509 (1841) (in part).

_Le Nisnas_, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., i., pl. 27 (1830).

_Chlorocebus ruber_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).

CHARACTERS.--Of the same size as _C. patas_, and very similar to it. Fur above, and on the lower part of the limbs rufous, and on the lower part of the back, and under side of the tail, much darker rufous than elsewhere; nose white, not black as in the preceding species; shoulders and external aspect of arms rufous like the rest of the body, and not grey as in _C. patas_.

DISTRIBUTION.--North-east Africa: Kordofan and Darfur, to a height of 3,000 feet above the sea. A specimen living in the Zoological Gardens in 1882 was stated to have come from Somali-land.

Allied to the Patas and the Nisnas is Peters' Guenon (_Cercopithecus ochraceus_, Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 2, pl. 1a), from Querimba, Mozambique, which has the upper side yellowish, and is probably but a variety of _C. pyrrhonotus_.

XXI. THE REDDISH-GREEN GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS RUFO-VIRIDIS.

_Cercopithecus rufo-viridis_, Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id. Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 78 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258.

_Chlorocebus rufo-viridis_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).

_? Cercopithecus flavidus_, Peters, Reis. Mossamb., p. 3, pl. i.b.

CHARACTERS.--Face black; a large frontal band white; head above olive-green; back green washed with rufous, gradually becoming bright rufous, slightly speckled with black on the sides {66}of the body between the fore- and hind-limbs; shoulders and thighs grey, washed with green; the rest of the external aspect of the limbs grey; under side of body and inner side of limbs white; hands speckled black; the feet greyish; tail, dark grey above, pale grey below.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS.--Unknown. The form described by Peters as _C. flavidus_ comes from Mozambique.

IV. CERCOPITHECI MELANOCHIRI.

The species which we now proceed to describe belong to Prof. Schlegel's Section v., and Dr. Sclater's _Cercopitheci melanochiri_, of which the members have the arms and legs either black or dark grey, and have a black band from the outer corner of the eyes to the ears.

XXII. THE MONA GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS MONA.

_Simia mona_, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 97, pl. xv. (1775).

_Cercopithecus mona_, Erxleb. Syst. Regne An., p. 32 (1777); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., p. 304 (1849); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 527 (1841); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 47 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 22 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 80 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 250.

_La mone_, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., i., livr. ix. (Août, 1819).

CHARACTERS.--Top of the head brilliant golden-green, the hairs being black at the roots, yellow further up and tipped with black; back, sides of body, shoulders, and haunches chestnut-brown, speckled with black,--the hairs being grey at the base, ringed alternately with red, or brown and black; frontal band pale greenish; rump, with the exception of a distinctive elliptical white bar on each side, at the base of the tail, black; the hands and feet, and external aspect of the legs, {67}thighs, and fore-arms, black; the under side of the body and inner side of the limbs pure white, separated by an abrupt line from the colours of the outer surfaces; the transverse black band above the eyebrows extending from the outer corner of the eyes to the ears; nude parts of face, ears, and hands livid flesh-colour; the whiskers bushy, covering much of the cheeks, descending on the sides and lower part of the neck, pale yellow, speckled with black marks.

The white bars on each side of the tail, on the rump, and the white frontal band distinguish this species from all others.

DISTRIBUTION.--West Africa: Cameroons.

XXIII. SYKES' GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS ALBIGULARIS.

_Semnopithecus albogularis_, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 106.

_Cercopithecus albigularis_, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 18; Owen, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 18 (anatomy); Martin, Mamm. An., p. 512 (1841); Frazer, Zool. Typ., pl. ii. (1848); Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 45 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876); True. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv., p. 448 (1893); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251; Matschie, S.B., Nat. Fr. Berl., 1893, p. 215; Thomas, P. Z. S., 1894, p. 137.

_Cercopithecus erythrarchus_, Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 1, pl. i.; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 77 (1876); Kirk, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 649; Reuvens, Zool. Gart., xxx., p. 207 (1889); Oudem, _op. cit._, xxxi., p. 267 (1890); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249 (female).

_? Cercopithecus monoides_, Geoffr., Arch. du Mus., ii., p. 558, pl. 31 (1841); id., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 303 (1849); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 256.

{68}CHARACTERS.--MALE.--Head rounded, short; ears small, rounded, and nearly concealed in the long fur of the head; eyes deep-set; superciliary hairs long; whiskers thick and bushy; no beard; facial angle large; cheek-pouches small but distinct, not observable even when filled, being concealed by the bushy whiskers; thumbs short; great-toes long; very small callosities; tail half as long as the body. Larynx with the usual two wide lateral sacs and a middle pouch extending forward about three inches under the skin of the neck, communicating with the larynx by a large opening.

Entire upper surface black, mixed with yellow,--the hairs being black, ringed with brownish-yellow bars. Face, cheeks, and lips black; shoulders, fore-limbs and hind-limbs (washed with yellowish), black, from the absence of the yellow bars, which predominate on the back and sides; under side of the body black, speckled with white; chin and throat white; no white thigh patches; tail, black.

FEMALE.--Differs from the male in being smaller, and in having the rump, the upper and lower sides of the base of the tail, the region round the anus, and the posterior aspect of the upper part of the thighs and arms strongly tinged with reddish-brown. The lower side of the body and inner sides of the limbs whitish--the hairs towards their extremities being ringed with black and greyish-yellow. It has been described as _Cercopithecus erythrarchus_ of Peters and other writers.

DISTRIBUTION.--West Africa: Gold Coast (_Pel_); also said to have been obtained on the Congo. East Africa: Mozambique; believed to abound about Cape Corrientes (_Peters_). Quilimane and the Lower Zambesi are further given as habitats both by Dr. Peters and Sir J. Kirk. Mr. H. H. Johnston, H.M. Commissioner in Nyasa Land, has sent it from the Milanji Plateau, where it ranges from 3,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea. This species was at one time supposed, but quite erroneously, to come from Madagascar.

PLATE XXIX.

{69}HABITS.--This Monkey is very frequently brought alive to Europe, and almost all that we know of its habits has been obtained from observing it in captivity. Colonel Sykes, who first brought this species to England and described it, says that "its manners in captivity are grave and sedate. Its disposition is gentle, but not affectionate; and though free from that capricious petulance and mischievous irascibility characteristic of so many of the African species, still it quickly resents irritating treatment, and evinces its resentment by very smart blows with its anterior hands. It never bit any person on board ship, but so seriously lacerated three Monkeys, its fellow passengers, that two of them died from the wounds. It readily ate meat, and would choose to pick a bone even when plentifully supplied with vegetables and dried fruits." Another individual, seen by Mr. Ogilby, exhibited the same antipathy to other Monkeys.

XXIV. BOUTOURLINI'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS BOUTOURLINII.

(_Plate XXIX._)

_Cercopithecus boutourlinii_, Giglioli, Zool. Anz., x., p. 510 (1887); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, pp. 256, 441.

_Cercopithecus albigularis_, Giglioli, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2), vi., p. 8 (1888).

CHARACTERS.--MALE.--Body-hairs long and rough; upper surface black, with pale fulvous annellations, except on a line between the shoulders, which is nearly black; ears nearly nude, with an inner hairy pencil; nose, upper lip, chin, and throat, pure white; rest of the under surface and of the limbs and tail black, {70}except the base of the tail, which has ringed hairs like the back all round. Length of body, 21 inches; of tail, 24 inches. (_Sclater._)

FEMALE.--Nearly similar, but smaller, and having the hairs less ringed on the back and the head. (_Sclater._)

Distinguished from _C. albigularis_ by its white nose and upper lips, black under surface, and blacker limbs.

DISTRIBUTION.--North-east Africa: Kaffa, a province to the south of Shoa; and Gimma, a province in Central Abyssinia, to the south of Gojan.

XXV. CAMPBELL'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS CAMPBELLI.

_Cercopithecus campbelli_, Waterh., P. Z. S., 1838, p. 61; Fraser, Zool. Typ., pl. iii. (1848); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 544 (1841); Wagner in Schreber Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 47 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 82 (1876); Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 9 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251.

_Cercopithecus burnetti_, Gray, Ann. N. H., x., p. 256 (1842).

CHARACTERS.--Fur long, longer on the hinder part of the back than on the front, separated along the back--the hairs black with broad yellow rings. Face bluish-black; lips flesh-coloured; band across the forehead white, washed with rufous--the hairs tipped with black; head as far as the nape of the neck, yellowish-brown; the fore part of the back brownish-black, the lower part of the back, the outer side of the hind-legs, the fore-legs, and basal third of the tail olive-black, washed with yellow; the long hair on the cheeks and side of the neck, which partly conceals the ears, greyish-white, ringed towards the tips with black and {71}yellow; the inner side of the ears furnished with long yellow-flecked grey hairs; the chest, throat, under side of the body, inner side of limbs and fore part of the thighs white; posterior two-thirds of the tail yellowish-grey, the hairs ringed with black and faded yellow, those of the under side with brown and grey; tip of the tail with a small black tuft.

DISTRIBUTION.--West Africa: from Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast.

HABITS.--This is the commonest Monkey, both in the interior and on the coast of this region of Africa. It frequents the moderate-sized trees of the forest in troops of fifty or more in number; and it occasionally even takes to the water of its own accord.

XXVI. THE SAMANGO GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS SAMANGO.

_Cercopithecus samango_, Sundev. Öfvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Förh. Stockh., i., p. 160 (1844); Wagner in Schreber Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 44 (1855); Peters, Reis. Mossamb., Säugeth., p. 4; Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876; in part); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251.

CHARACTERS.--Distinguished by the dirty white tint along the basal half of the tail, except along the median line of the upper side, which is black; end of the tail black. Back entirely blackish-olive--the hairs being yellowish-olive, ringed with black; inner side of the limbs, and entire under surface from the arms to the chin, dirty white; outer surface of the arms black, of the legs grey; the feet black; ears covered with whitish hairs.

DISTRIBUTION,--South and East Africa: Natal and Mozambique; extending to Angola in the west.

{72}XXVII. THE WHITE-LIPPED GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS LABIATUS.

_Cercopithecus labiatus_, Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 302 (1849); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 256.

_Cercopithecus samango_, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876; in part).

CHARACTERS.--Fur thick; a bunch of long hairs directed backwards on the cheeks; inner aspect of the ears covered with reddish-grey hairs; upper side of the body dark grey, speckled with pale olive-yellow; top of the head black, speckled with yellowish-green; forehead and jaws greenish-yellow, speckled with black; a black spot on the face above the commissure of the lips; rest of the lips and region of the mouth white; outer side of the fore-limbs, hands, and feet black; outer side of the hind-limbs greyish-brown; under side of the body faded white; inner side of the limbs ashy-grey; round the anus and the greater part of the under side of the tail, pale yellowish-brown; upper side of the tail, for same distance, reddish-black; remainder black.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS.--Unknown.

XXVIII. THE RUMP-SPOTTED GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS OPISTHOSTICTUS.

_Cercopithecus opisthostictus_, Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 725.

CHARACTERS.--Back black, speckled with pale grey; head darker; back of the neck, shoulders, external aspect of the hands and feet, and the tail (except at its base), black; a small spot on the lower back on each side of the tail rufous; under side blackish. Length of body, 24 inches; of tail, 25 inches. (_Sclater._)

{73}DISTRIBUTION.--British Central Africa: near Lake Mweru.

HABITS.--Unknown. The skin of this Monkey is used by the natives to form dresses, and from specimens of these, collected by Mr. A. Sharpe, H.B.M. Vice-Consul in Southern Nyasa Land, during his journey from the north end of Lake Nyasa to Lake Mweru and the Luapula, this species has been described by Dr. P. L. Sclater.

XXIX. STAIRS' GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS STAIRSI.

_Cercopithecus stairsi_, Sclater, P. Z. S., 1892, p. 580, pl. xl.; 1893, pp. 252, 443, and 612.

CHARACTERS.--ADULT MALE.--Face black, except a ring round the eyes, which is flesh-coloured; ridge of the nose and a band above the eyes from ear to ear black, surmounted by another band of long erect yellowish-white hairs; ears naked; whiskers bushy, greyish-white, washed with greenish-yellow; on each side of the forehead a bright chestnut band is carried over the head behind the ears; back of the head, nape, and anterior part of the back grey, variegated by black lines and washed with yellowish; back of the shoulders dark grey; back, especially the lower part, yellowish-grey, with a rufous patch on the rump above the tail; external surface of the arms blackish-grey; hands black; outside of the legs grey; feet not so black as the hands; anal region, and about three inches of the base of the tail rufous-yellow; scrotum dark indigo blue; throat, under surface of body, and inner side of limbs milky white; the whole of the hair of the upper parts minutely grizzled. Length of body, 18 inches; tail injured. (_Sclater._)

YOUNG FEMALE.--Differs from the male in being lighter in colour; back below the nape, sides, thighs, legs, and upper {74}surface of the basal third of the tail ochre yellow, washed with rufous; shoulders and fore-limbs grey; hands and feet black, under side of the body and inner side of the limbs and the throat (where the hairs are long) milky white; terminal two-thirds of the tail blackish-grey, darker at the tip.

The chestnut auricular spots in both sexes of this species distinguish it from all others.

DISTRIBUTION.--The Zambesi Delta. The typical specimen (which is the female above described) was given, as Dr. Sclater tells us in his original account of this beautiful species, by Mr. Hillier, at Chindi, to Dr. Moloney (of Lieut. Stairs' Expedition). The latter brought it home alive, and presented it in 1892 to the Zoological Society's Gardens, where it lived till the beginning of 1893. The type specimen is now in the British Museum. A second specimen, the adult male (described above) was presented to the Society in June, 1893, by Mr. F. Hintz, whose brother had brought it from Mozambique, and had had it in captivity for eight years.

HABITS.--Unknown.

XXX. MOLONEY'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS MOLONEYI.

_Cercopithecus moloneyi_, Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 252, pl. xvii.

CHARACTERS.--Related to _C. samango_, but larger; hairs long above, olivaceous, speckled with black; head darker; a broad band covering the middle and lower back, and the base of the upper side of the tail rufous--the hairs ringed with black; arms, externally from the shoulders down to the hands, and internally on the lower part of the fore-arm, black; outer aspect of the thighs and legs blackish-grey, washed posteriorly with yellowish; tail, except at the very tip, deep black; the face, lips, {75}and ears naked, and black; a fulvous band across the forehead above the eyes; sides of the head fulvous, speckled with black; throat, creamy yellow; under side of body pale fulvous, the hairs ringed with black; the inside of the arms, thighs, and upper part of the legs greyish fulvous; feet black. Length of body, 28 inches; of tail, 26 inches.

DISTRIBUTION.--British Central Africa. Procured from the natives of N-Konde, and brought from Karonga, at the north end of Lake Nyasa, by Dr. Moloney.

HABITS.--Unknown.

XXXI. SCHLEGEL'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS NEGLECTUS.

_Cercopithecus leucocampyx_ (nec Fischer), Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 22 (1870).

_Cercopithecus neglectus_, Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 70 (1876); Giglioli, Zool. Anz., x., p. 510 (1887); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 253.

CHARACTERS.--General colour greyish-brown, finely grizzled; under side of body black; crown, outside of limbs and base of tail black; anterior aspect of thighs and a band across the haunches white.

Distinguished from the true _C. leucampyx_ by the colour of the front of the thighs, and by its banded haunch.

_Distribution._--The White Nile, where it was obtained by Consul Petherick.

XXXII. THE DIADEM GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS LEUCAMPYX.

_Simia leucampyx_, Fischer, Syn. Mamm., p. 20 (1829).

{76}_Le Diane femelle_, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat., Mamm., livr. xlii. (June, 1824).

_Cercopithecus diadematus_, Geoffr. in Bélang., Voy. Zool. p. 51 (1834).

_Cercopithecus leucampyx_, Martin, Mamm. An., p. 529 (1841); Geoffr., Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 304 (1849); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 83 (1876); Giglioli, Zool. Anz., x., p. 510 (1887); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 253 ([female]).

_Cercopithecus pluto_, Gray, P. Z. S., 1848, p. 56, pl. iii.; 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 23 (1870); Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 48 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 670, 1871, p. 36, 1892, p. 97.