CHAPTER XXXV.

SUBCLASS DIPNEUSTI, OR LUNGFISHES.

The Lungfishes.--Classification of Dipnoans.--Order Ctenodipterini.--Order Sirenoidei.--Family Ceratodontidæ.--Development of Neoceratodus.--Lepidosirenidæ.--Kerr on the Habits of Lepidosiren 609

FOOTNOTES:

[1] For most of this list of errata I am indebted to the kindly interest of Dr. B. W. Evermann.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

VOL. I.

PAGE

_Lepomis megalotis_, Long-eared Sunfish 2

_Lepomis megalotis_, Long-eared Sunfish 4

_Eupomotis gibbosus_, Common Sunfish 7

_Ozorthe dictyogramma_, a Japanese Blenny 9

_Eupomotis gibbosus_, Common Sunfish 13

_Monocentris japonicas_, Pine-cone Fish 16

_Diodon hystrix_, Porcupine-fish 17

_Nemichthys avocetta_, Thread-eel 17

_Hippocampus hudsonius_, Sea-horse 17

_Peprilus paru_, Harvest-fish 18

_Lophius litulon_, Anko or Fishing-frog 18

_Epinephelus adscensionis_, Rock-hind or Cabra Mora 20

Scales of _Acanthoessus bronni_ 21

Cycloid Scale 22

_Porichthys porosissimus_, Singing-fish 23

_Apomotis cyanellus_, Blue-green Sunfish 27

_Chiasmodon niger_, Black Swallower 29

Jaws of a Parrot-fish, _Sparisoma aurofrenatum_ 30

_Archosargus probatocephalus_, Sheepshead 31

_Campostoma anomalum_, Stone-roller 33

_Roccus lineatus_, Striped Bass 35

_Roccus lineatus._ Lateral View of Cranium 36

_Roccus lineatus._ Superior View of Cranium 37

_Roccus lineatus._ Inferior View of Cranium 38

_Roccus lineatus_. Posterior View of Cranium 40

_Roccus lineatus._ Face-bones, Shoulder and Pelvic Girdles, and Hyoid Arch 42

Lower Jaw of _Amia calva_, showing Gular Plate 43

_Roccus lineatus._ Branchial Arches 46

Pharyngeal Bone and Teeth of European Chub, _Leuciscus cephalus_ 47

Upper Pharyngeals of Parrot-fish, _Scarus strongylocephalus_ 47

Lower Pharyngeal Teeth of Parrot-fish, _Scarus strongylocephalus_ 47

Pharyngeals of Italian Parrot-fish, _Sparisoma cretense_ 48

_Roccus lineatus_, Vertebral Column and Appendages 48

Basal Bone of Dorsal Fin, _Holoptychius leptopterus_ 49

Inner View of Shoulder-girdle of Buffalo-fish, _Ictiobus bubalus_ 51

_Pterophryne tumida_, Sargassum-fish. 52

Shoulder-girdle of _Sebastolobus alascanus_. 52

Cranium of _Sebastolobus alascanus_. 53

Lower Jaw and Palate of _Sebastolobus alascanus_. 54

Maxillary and Premaxillary of _Sebastolobus alascanus_. 55

Part of Skeleton of _Selene vomer_. 55

Hyostylic Skull of _Chiloscyllium indicum_, a Scyliorhinoid Shark. 56

Skull of _Heptranchias indicus_, a Notidanoid Shark. 56

Basal Bones of Pectoral Fin of Monkfish, _Squatina_. 56

Pectoral Fin of _Heterodontus philippi_. 57

Pectoral Fin of _Heptranchias indicus_. 57

Shoulder-girdle of a Flounder, _Paralichthys californicus_. 58

Shoulder-girdle of a Toadfish, _Batrachoides pacifici_. 59

Shoulder-girdle of a Garfish, _Tylosurus fodiator_. 59

Shoulder-girdle of a Hake, _Merluccius productus_. 60

_Cladoselache fyleri_, Restored. 65

Fold-like Pectoral and Ventral Fins of _Cladoselache fyleri_. 65

Pectoral Fin of a Shark, _Chiloscyllium_. 66

Skull and Shoulder-girdle of _Neoceratodus forsteri_, showing archipterygium. 68

_Acanthoessus wardi_. 69

Shoulder-girdle of _Acanthoessus_. 69

Pectoral Fin of _Pleuracanthus_. 69

Shoulder-girdle of _Polypterus bichir_. 70

Arm of a Frog. 71

_Pleuracanthus decheni_. 74

Embryos of _Heterodontus japonicas_, a Cestraciont Shark. 75

_Polypterus congicus_, a Crossopterygian Fish with External Gills. 78

Heterocercal Tail of Sturgeon, _Acipenser sturio_. 80

Heterocercal Tail of Bowfin, _Amia calva_. 82

Heterocercal Tail of Garpike, _Lepisosteus osseus_. 82

_Coryphænoides carapinus_, showing Leptocercal Tail. 83

Heterocercal Tail of Young Trout, _Salmo fario_. 83

Isocercal Tail of Hake, _Merluccius productus_. 84

Homocercal Tail of a Flounder, _Paralichthys californicus_. 84

Gephyrocercal Tail of _Mola mola_. 85

Shoulder-girdle of _Amia calva_. 86

Shoulder-girdle of a Sea-catfish, _Selenaspis dowi_. 86

Clavicles of a Sea-catfish, _Selenaspis dowi_. 87

Shoulder-girdle of a Batfish, _Ogcocephalus radiatus_. 88

Shoulder-girdle of a Threadfin, _Polydactylus approximans_. 89

Gill-basket of Lamprey. 92

Weberian Apparatus and Air-bladder of Carp. 93

Brain of a Shark, _Squatina squatina_. 110

Brain of _Chimæra monstrosa_. 110

Brain of _Polypterus annectens_. 110

Brain of a Perch, _Perca flavescens_. 111

_Petromyzon marinus unicolor._ Head of Lake Lamprey, showing Pineal Body. 111

_Chologaster cornutus_, Dismal-swamp Fish. 116

_Typhlichthys subterraneus_, Blind Cavefish. 116

_Anableps dovii_, Four-eyed Fish. 117

_Ipnops murrayi._ 118

_Boleophthalmus chinensis_, Pond-skipper. 118

_Lampetra wilderi_, Brook Lamprey. 120

_Branchiostoma lanceolatum_, European Lancelet. 120

_Pseudupeneus maculatus_, Goatfish. 122

_Xiphophorus helleri_, Sword-tail Minnow. 124

_Cymatogaster aggregatus_, White Surf-fish, Viviparous, with Young. 125

_Goodea luitpoldi_, a Viviparous Fish. 126

Egg of _Callorhynchus antarcticus_, the Bottle-nosed Chimæra. 127

Egg of the Hagfish, _Myxine limosa_. 127

Egg of Port Jackson Shark, _Heterodontus philippi_. 128

Development of Sea-bass, _Centropristes striatus_. 135

_Centropristes striatus_, Sea-bass. 137

_Xiphias gladius_, Young Sword-fish. 139

_Xiphias gladius_, Sword-fish. 139

Larva of the Sail-fish, _Istiophorus_, Very Young. 140

Larva of Brook Lamprey, _Lampetra wilderi_, before Transformation. 140

_Anguilla chrisypa_, Common Eel. 140

Larva of Common Eel, _Anguilla chrisypa_, called _Leptocephalus grassii_. 141

Larva of Sturgeon, _Acipenser sturio_. 141

Larva of _Chætodon sedentarius_. 142

_Chætodon capistratus_, Butterfly-fish. 142

_Mola mola_, Very Early Larval Stage of Headfish, called _Centaurus boöps_. 143

_Mola mola_, Early Larval Stage called _Molacanthus nummularis_. 144

_Mola mola_, Advanced Larval Stage. 144

_Mola mola_, Headfish, Adult. 146

_Albula vulpes_, Transformation of Ladyfish from Larva to Young. 147

Development of the Horsehead-fish, _Selene vomer_. 148

_Salanx hyalocranius_, Ice-fish. 149

_Dallia pectoralis_, Alaska Blackfish. 149

_Ophiocephalus barca_, Snake-headed China-fish. 150

_Carassius auratus_, Monstrous Goldfish. 151

Jaws of _Nemichthys avocetta_. 156

_Cypsilurus californicus_, Flying-fish. 157

_Ammocrypta clara_, Sand-darter. 158

_Fierasfer acus_, Pearl-fish, issuing from a Holothurian. 159

_Gobiomorus gronovii_, Portuguese Man-of-war Fish. 160

Tide Pools of Misaki. 161

_Ptychocheilus oregonensis_, Squaw-fish. 162

_Ptychocheilus grandis_, Squaw-fish, Stranded as the Water Falls. 164

Larval Stages of _Platophrys podas_, a Flounder of the Mediterranean, showing Migration of Eye. 174

_Platophrys lunatus_, the Wide-eyed Flounder. 175

Young Flounder Just Hatched, with Symmetrical Eyes. 175

_Pseudopleuronectes americanus_, Larval Flounder. 176

_Pseudopleuronectes americanus_, Larval Flounder (more advanced stage). 176

Face View of Recently-hatched Flounder. 177

_Schilbeodes furiosus_, Mad-Tom. 179

_Emmydrichthys vulcanus_, Black Nohu or Poison-fish. 180

_Teuthis bahianus_, Brown Tang. 181

_Stephanolepis hispidus_, Common Filefish. 182

_Tetraodon meleagris._ 183

_Balistes carolinensis_, the Trigger-fish. 184

_Narcine brasiliensis_, Numbfish. 185

_Torpedo electricus_, Electric Catfish. 186

_Astroscopus guttatus_, Star-gazer. 187

_Æthoprora lucida_, Headlight-fish. 188

_Corynolophus reinhardti_, showing Luminous Bulb. 188

_Etmopterus lucifer._ 189

_Argyropelecus olfersi._ 190

Luminous Organs and Lateral Line of Midshipman, _Porichthys notatus_. 192

Cross-section of Ventral Phosphorescent Organ of Midshipman, _Porichthys notatus_. 193

Section of Deeper Portion of Phosphorescent Organ, _Porichthys notatus_. 194

_Leptecheneis naucrates_, Sucking-fish or Pegador. 197

_Caularchus mæandricus_, Clingfish. 198

_Polistotrema stouti_, Hagfish. 199

_Pristis zysron_, Indian Sawfish. 200

_Pristiophorus japonicus_, Saw-shark. 201

Skeleton of Pike, _Esox lucius_. 203

Skeleton of Red Rockfish, _Sebastodes miniatus_. 214

Skeleton of a Spiny-rayed Fish of the Tropics, _Holacanthus ciliaris_. 214

Skeleton of the Cowfish, _Lactophrys tricornis_. 215

_Crystallias matsushimæ_, Liparid. 218

_Sebastichthys maliger_, Yellow-backed Rockfish. 218

_Myoxocephalus scorpius_, European Sculpin. 219

_Hemitripterus americanus_, Sea-raven. 220

_Cyclopterus lumpus_, Lumpfish. 220

_Psychrolutes paradoxus_, Sleek Sculpin. 221

_Pallasina barbata_, Agonoid-fish. 221

_Amblyopsis spelæus_, Blindfish of the Mammoth Cave. 221

_Lucifuga subterranea_, Blind Brotula. 222

_Hypsypops rubicunda_, Garibaldi. 227

_Synanceia verrucosa_, Gofu or Poison-fish. 229

_Alticus saliens_, Lizard-skipper. 230

_Etheostoma camurum_, Blue-breasted Darter. 231

_Liuranus semicinctus_ and _Chlevastes colubrinus_, Snake-eels. 233

Coral Reef at Apia. 234

_Rudarius ercodes_, Japanese Filefish. 241

_Tetraodon setosus_, Globefish. 244

_Dasyatis sabina_, Sting-ray. 246

_Diplesion blennioides_, Green-sided Darter. 247

_Hippocampus mohnikei_, Japanese Sea-horse. 250

_Archoplites interruptus_, Sacramento Perch. 258

Map of the Continents, Eocene Time. 270

_Caulophryne jordani_, Deep-sea Fish of Gulf Stream. 276

_Exerpes asper_, Fish of Rock-pools, Mexico. 276

_Xenocys jessiæ._ 279

_Ictalurus punctatus_, Channel Catfish. 280

Drawing the Net on the Beach of Hilo, Hawaii. 281

_Semotilus atromaculatus_, Horned Dace. 285

_Leuciscus lineatus_, Chub of the Great Basin. 287

_Melletes papilio_, Butterfly Sculpin. 288

_Scartichthys enosimæ_, a Fish of the Rock-pools of the Sacred Island of Enoshima, Japan. 294

_Halichoeres bivittatus_, the Slippery Dick. 297

_Peristedion miniatum._ 299

Outlet of Lake Bonneville. 303

_Hypocritichthys analis_, Silver Surf-fish. 309

_Erimyzon sucetta_, Creekfish or Chub-sucker. 315

_Thaleichthys pretiosus_, Eulachon or Ulchen. 320

_Plecoglossus altivelis_, the Japanese Ayu. 321

_Coregonus clupeiformis_, the Whitefish. 321

_Mullus auratus_, the Golden Surmullet. 322

_Scomberomorus maculatus_, the Spanish Mackerel. 322

_Lampris luna_, the Opah or Moonfish. 323

_Pomatomus saltatrix_, the Bluefish. 324

_Centropomus undecimalis_, the Robalo. 324

_Chætodipterus faber_, the Spadefish. 325

_Micropterus dolomieu_, the Small-mouthed Black Bass. 325

_Salvelinus fontinalis_, the Speckled Trout. 326

_Salmo irideus_, the Rainbow Trout. 326

_Salvelinus oquassa_, the Rangeley Trout. 326

_Salmo gairdneri_, the Steelhead Trout. 327

_Salmo henshawi_, the Tahoe Trout. 327

_Salvelinus malma_, the Dolly Varden Trout. 327

_Thymallus signifer_, the Alaska Grayling. 328

_Esox lucius_, the Pike. 328

_Pleurogrammus monopterygius_, the Atka-fish. 328

_Chirostoma humboldtianum_, the Pescado blanco. 329

_Pseudupeneus maculatus_, the Red Goatfish. 329

_Pseudoscarus guacamaia_, Great Parrot-fish. 330

_Mugil cephalus_, Striped Mullet. 330

_Lutianus analis_, Mutton-snapper. 331

_Clupea harengus_, Herring. 331

_Gadus callarias_, Codfish. 331

_Scomber scombrus_, Mackerel. 332

_Hippoglossus hippoglossus_, Halibut. 332

Fishing for Ayu with Cormorants. 333

Fishing for Ayu. Emptying Pouch of Cormorant. 335

Fishing for Tai, Tokyo Bay. 338

_Brevoortia tyrannus_, Menhaden. 340

_Exonautes unicolor_, Australian Flying-fish. 341

_Rhinichthys atronasus_, Black-nosed Dace. 342

_Notropis hudsonius_, White Shiner. 343

_Ameiurus catus_, White Catfish. 344

_Catostomus ardens_, Sucker. 348

_Oncorhynchus tschawytscha_, Quinnat Salmon. 354

_Oncorhynchus tschawytscha_, Young Male. 355

_Ameiurus nebulosus_, Catfishes. 358

"Le Monstre Marin en Habit de Moine". 360

"Le Monstre Marin en Habit d'Évêque". 361

_Regalecus russelli_, Oarfish. 362

_Regalecus glesne_, Glesnæs Oarfish. 363

_Nemichthys avocetta_, Thread-eel. 365

_Lactophrys tricornis_, Horned Trunkfish. 373

_Ostracion cornutum_, Horned Trunkfish. 376

_Lactophrys bicaudalis_, Spotted Trunkfish. 377

_Lactophrys bicaudalis_, Spotted Trunkfish (Face). 377

_Lactophrys triqueter_, Spineless Trunkfish. 378

_Lactophrys trigonus_, Hornless Trunkfish. 378

_Lactophrys trigonus_, Hornless Trunkfish (Face). 379

Bernard Germain de Lacépède. 399

Georges Dagobert Cuvier. 399

Louis Agassiz. 399

Johannes Müller. 399

Albert Günther. 403

Franz Steindachner. 403

George Albert Boulenger. 403

Robert Collett. 403

Spencer Fullerton Baird. 407

Edward Drinker Cope. 407

Theodore Nicholas Gill. 407

George Brown Goode. 407

Johann Reinhardt. 409

Edward Waller Claypole. 409

Carlos Berg. 409

Edgar R. Waite. 409

Felipe Poey y Aloy. 413

Léon Vaillant. 413

Louis Dollo. 413

Decio Vinciguerra. 413

Bashford Dean. 417

Kakichi Mitsukuri. 417

Carl H. Eigenmann. 417

Franz Hilgendorf. 417

David Starr Jordan. 421

Herbert Edson Copeland. 421

Charles Henry Gilbert. 421

Barton Warren Evermann. 421

Ramsay Heatley Traquair. 425

Arthur Smith Woodward. 425

Karl A. Zittel. 425

Charles R. Eastman. 425

Fragment of Sandstone from Ordovician Deposits. 435

Fossil Fish Remains from Ordovician Rocks. 436

_Dipterus valenciennesi._ 437

_Hoplopteryx lewesiensis._ 438

_Paratrachichthys prosthemius_, Berycoid fish. 439

_Cypsilurus heterurus_, Flying-fish. 440

_Lutianidæ_, Schoolmaster Snapper. 440

_Pleuronichthys decurrens_, Decurrent Flounder. 441

_Cephalaspis lyelli_, Ostracophore. 444

_Dinichthys intermedius_, Arthrodire. 445

_Lamna cornubica_, Mackerel-shark or Salmon-shark. 447

_Raja stellulata_, Star-spined Ray. 448

_Harriotta raleighiana_, Deep-sea Chimæra. 449

_Dipterus valenciennesi_, Extinct Dipnoan. 449

_Holoptychius giganteus_, Extinct Crossopterygian. 451

_Platysomus gibbosus_, Ancient Ganoid fish. 452

_Lepisosteus platystomus_, Short-nosed Gar. 452

_Palæoniscum macropomum_, Primitive Ganoid fish. 453

_Diplomystus humilis_, Fossil Herring. 453

_Holcolepis lewesiensis_. 454

_Elops saurus_, Ten-pounder. 454

_Apogon semilineatus_, Cardinal-fish. 455

_Pomolobus æstivalis_, Summer Herring. 455

_Bassozetus catena._ 456

_Trachicephalus uranoscopus._ 456

_Chlarias breviceps_, African Catfish. 457

_Notropis whipplii_, Silverfin. 457

_Gymnothorax moringa._ 458

_Seriola lalandi_, Amber-fish. 458

Geological Distribution of the Families of Elasmobranchs. 459

"Tornaria" Larva of _Glossobalanus minutus_. 463

_Glossobalanus minutus._ 464

_Harrimania maculosa._ 465

Development of Larval Tunicate to Fixed Condition. 471

Anatomy of Tunicate. 472

_Ascidia adhærens._ 474

_Styela yacutatensis._ 475

_Styela greeleyi._ 476

_Cynthia superba._ 476

_Botryllus magnus_, Compound Ascidian. 477

_Botryllus magnus._ 478

_Botryllus magnus_, a Single Zooid. 479

_Aplidiopsis jordani_, a Compound Ascidian. 479

_Oikopleura_, Adult Tunicate of Group Larvacea. 480

_Branchiostoma californiense_, California Lancelet. 484

Gill-basket of Lamprey. 485

_Polygnathus dubium._ 488

_Polistotrema stouti_, Hagfish. 489

_Petromyzon marinus_, Lamprey. 491

_Petromyzon marinus unicolor_, Mouth Lake Lamprey. 492

_Lampetra wilderi_, Sea Larvæ Brook Lamprey. 492

_Lampetra wilderi_, Mouth Brook Lamprey. 492

_Lampetra camtschatica_, Kamchatka Lamprey. 495

_Entosphenus tridentatus_, Oregon Lamprey. 496

_Lampetra wilderi_, Brook Lamprey. 505

Fin-spine of _Onchus tenuistriatus_. 509

Section of Vertebræ of Sharks, showing Calcification. 510

_Cladoselache fyleri._ 514

_Cladoselache fyleri_, Ventral View. 515

Teeth of _Cladoselache fyleri_. 515

_Acanthoessus wardi._ 515

_Diplacanthus crassissimus._ 517

_Climatius scutiger._ 518

_Pleuracanthus decheni._ 519

_Pleuracanthus decheni_, Restored. 520

Head-bones and Teeth of _Pleuracanthus decheni_. 520

Teeth of _Didymodus bohemicus_. 520

Shoulder-girdle and Pectoral Fins of _Cladodus neilsoni_. 521

Teeth of _Cladodus striatus_. 522

_Hexanchus griseus_, Griset or Cow-shark. 523

Teeth of _Heptranchias indicus_. 524

_Chlamydoselachus anguineus_, Frill-shark. 525

_Heterodontus francisci_, Bullhead-shark. 526

Lower Jaw of _Heterodontus philippi_. 526

Teeth of Cestraciont Sharks. 527

Egg of Port Jackson Shark, _Heterodontus philippi_. 527

Tooth of _Hybodus delabechei_. 528

Fin-spine of _Hybodus basanus_. 528

Fin-spine of _Hybodus reticulatus_. 528

Fin-spine of _Hybodus canaliculatus_. 529

Teeth of Cestraciont Sharks. 529

_Edestus vorax_, Supposed to be a Whorl of Teeth. 529

_Helicoprion bessonowi_, Teeth of. 530

Lower Jaw of _Cochliodus contortus_. 531

_Mitsukurina owstoni_, Goblin-shark. 535

_Scapanorhynchus lewisi_, Under Side of Snout. 536

Tooth of _Lamna cuspidata_. 537

_Isuropsis dekayi_, Mackerel-shark. 537

Tooth of _Isurus hastalis_. 538

_Carcharodon mega odon._ 539

_Cetorhinus maximus_, Basking-shark. 540

_Galeus zyopterus_, Soup-fin Shark. 541

_Carcharias lamia_, Cub-shark. 542

Teeth of _Corax pristodontus_. 543

_Sphyrna zygæna_, Hammer-head Shark. 544

_Squalus acanthias_, Dogfish. 545

_Etmopterus lucifer._ 546

Brain of Monkfish, _Squatina squatina_. 547

_Pristiophorus japonicus_, Saw-shark. 548

_Pristis pectinatus_, Sawfish. 550

_Rhinobatus lentiginosus_, Guitar-fish. 551

_Raja erinacea_, Common Skate. 552

_Narcine brasiliensis_, Numbfish. 553

Teeth of _Janassa linguæformis_. 554

_Polyrhizodus radicans._ 555

_Dasyatis sabina_, Sting-ray. 556

_Aëtobatis narinari_, Eagle-ray. 558

_Manta birostris_, Devil-ray or Sea-devil. 559

Skeleton of _Chimæra monstrosa_. 564

_Chimæra colliei_, Elephant-fish. 565

_Odontotodus schrencki_, Ventral Side. 570

_Odontotodus schrencki_, Dorsal Side. 570

Head of _Odontotodus schrencki_, from the Side. 571

_Limulus polyphemus_, Horseshoe Crab. 572

_Lanarkia spinosa._ 574

_Drepanaspis gmundenensis._ 575

_Pteraspis rostrata._ 575

_Cephalaspis lyelli_, Restored. 576

_Cephalaspis dawsoni._ 577

_Pterichthyodes testudinarius._ 578

_Pterichthyodes testudinarius_, Side View. 579

_Birkenia elegans._ 579

_Lasianius problematicus._ 580

_Coccosteus cuspidatus_, Restored. 582

Jaws of _Dinichthys hertzeri_. 583

_Dinichthys intermedius_, an Arthrodire. 584

_Palæospondylus gunni._ 591

Shoulder-girdle of _Polypterus bichir_. 600

Arm of a Frog. 601

_Polypterus congicus_, a Crossopterygian Fish. 602

Basal Bone of Dorsal Fin, _Holoptychius leptopterus_. 603

_Gyroptychius microlepidotus._ 604

_Coelacanthus elegans_, showing Air-bladder. 604

_Undina gulo._ 605

Lower Jaw of _Polypterus bichir_, from Below. 606

_Polypterus congicus._ 607

_Polypterus delhezi._ 607

_Erpetoichthys calabaricus._ 608

Shoulder-girdle of _Neoceratodus forsteri_. 609

_Phaneropleuron andersoni._ 613

Teeth of _Ceratodus runcinatus_. 614

_Neoceratodus forsteri._ 614

Archipterygium of _Neoceratodus forsteri_. 614

Upper jaw of _Neoceratodus forsteri_. 615

Lower Jaw of _Neoceratodus forsteri_. 616

Adult Male of _Lepidosiren paradoxa_. 619

_Lepidosiren paradoxa._ Embryo Three Days before Hatching; Larva Thirteen Days after Hatching. 620

Larva of _Lepidosiren paradoxa_ Forty Days after Hatching. 621

Larva of _Lepidosiren paradoxa_ Thirty Days after Hatching. 621

Larva of _Lepidosiren paradoxa_ Three Months after Hatching. 621

_Protopterus dolloi._ 622