Part 4

80. Charles, Prince of Wales, 1638. _Obv._ Bust of King l., crowned, &c. CAROLVS I. D. G. ANGL. &c. B. _Rev._ Prince Charles on horseback r., &c., behind, plumes with motto. ILLVST. CAROLVS PRINCEPS WALLIÆ: in ex., two C's interlinked. Silver. Size 1·25. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.

Charles was first styled Prince of Wales in 1638, at which time he also received the whole profits of the principality and earldom of Chester, and held his court apart from his father.

81. Betrothal of William, Prince of Orange, and Princess Mary, 1641. _Obv._ William and Mary, joining hands beneath rays proceeding from dove; above each, cherub in clouds holding wreath, distant view of palace: behind each, and in ex., inscriptions referring to their births and betrothal, with _Anō_ 1641. _12 Mai_. _Rev._ William as Pallas trampling on Bellona and receiving olive-branch from Mary in character of Peace; around them, Victory, Plenty, and genius of Holland with emblems; above, and in ex., inscriptions: below, _J. Blum. Fe._ Silver. Size 2·85. Struck. By Johann Blum.

William, son of Henry, Prince of Orange, mar. in 1641, Mary, dau. of Charles I. They were the parents of William III., King of England. This medal is the work of Johann Blum, of Bremen, who also executed a large number of dies for Christian IV. and Frederick III. of Denmark.

82. Marriage of William, Prince of Orange and Princess Mary, 1641. _Obv._ Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, seated on throne with sword in r. hand and band with seven shields of the United Provinces in l., his feet on prostrate foes; distant view of fortified city, with Prince at the head of his troops, &c. LIBERTAS PATRIÆ, ME DEFENSORE, TRIVMPHAT, &c. _Rev._ Palace garden within enclosure, at the entrance William receives Mary; above them, Belgic Lion, and on either side, figures of Fœcunditas and Mars: above, cherubs in clouds, and, in Hebrew, Jehovah. QVO TE MARS ET AMOR VOCAT INTRA DIVA, &c. S. D. Silver. Size 2·85. Struck. Dutch. By Sebastian Dadler.

This medal commemorates the arrival of William and Mary in Holland after their marriage. It was executed by Sebastian Dadler, a native of Strasburg and chief goldsmith at the Imperial Court. Dadler worked also for George William, Elector of Brandenburg, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and for the House of Orange. Died circ. 1654.

83. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Knight of the Garter, 1626. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour, &c. FREDER. HENR. D.G. PRINCEPS AVRIAC. COM. NASS: around, seven shields, arms of the United Provinces, connected by bands held by two hands with sheaf of arrows. _Rev._ Within Garter, crowned shield, arms of Prince. Silver. Size 2·3. Struck. Dutch.

The Garter was conferred upon the Prince of Orange in 1626, the ceremony of investment taking place at the Hague.

84. Cecil, Lord Baltimore and his wife, 1632. _Obv._ Bust of Lord Baltimore, three quarters r., in armour. DM̄S CÆCILIVS BARO DE BALTEMORE ABSOLV. DM̄S TERRÆMARIÆ ET AVALONIÆ &c. _Rev._ Bust of Lady Baltimore three quarters r. D̄N̄A ANNA ARVNDELIA PVLCHERRIMA ET OPTIMA CONIVX CÆCILII PREDICTI. Silver. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

Cecil, Lord Baltimore mar. Anne Arundel, dau. of the first Lord Wardour. In 1632 the king granted him the province of Maryland in America, which remained in the possession of his descendants till the establishment of the American Independence in 1783.

85. Richard Weston, Earl of Portland, 1633. Bust r., wearing ruff, medal of George, &c. DO. RICH. WESTON CO. DE PORTLAND, &c. VARIN. Lead. Size 3·55. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief by J. Varin.

Richard Weston, Earl of Portland, filled the offices of High Treasurer of England, Captain and Governor of the Isle of Wight, &c. Died in 1634.

86. Thomas Cary, 1633. Bust r., wearing deep collar, armour, &c. THO. CARY R. CAROL. CVBICVLAR. ÆTATIS SVE 35. 1633. Copper. Size 3·3. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief.

Thomas Cary, son of Sir Robert Cary, warden of the Marches of the North, died in 1649. This plaque is not signed, but it is the work of Varin: some specimens bear the artist's signature.

87. Margaret Cary, 1633. Bust r., wearing low dress, &c. MARGARITA VXOR THO. CARY ÆTATIS SVE 25. 1633. VARIN. Copper. Size 3·3. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief by J. Varin.

After the death of Cary, Margaret his widow mar. Sir Edward Herbert, Attorney-General to Charles I., and Lord Chief Justice to Charles II. during his exile.

88. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, 1641. Bust, three quarters r., in armour. Gold. Size 1. Repoussé work and chased. Plaque in high relief.

Thomas Wentworth, born 1593, was President of the North 1628, Lord Deputy of Ireland 1633, and created Earl of Strafford 1639. Beheaded 1641.

89. Declaration of Parliament, 1642. _Obv._ Bust of King r., crowned, wearing laced collar, order of George, &c. _Should hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand_; engraved. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with the King and Speaker; the whole within wreath-border. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with loop for suspension. By T. Rawlins.[8]

[8] The date of Thomas Rawlins's first engagement at the Mint is uncertain. We find him, however, associated with Briot as engraver before 1642. Upon the breaking out of the Civil War, Rawlins attached himself to the person of the King, for whom he executed many of the dies used at the local mints. Amongst these the most remarkable is that of the Oxford crown. After the death of Charles, Rawlins executed several commemorative medals, which were distributed amongst those who were true to the royal cause. He was also employed by the corporations of certain provincial towns, of which were Oxford, Bristol, and Gloucester, in the manufacture of tokens. After the Restoration, Simon being removed from his post at the mint, and being appointed "one of His Majesty's Chief Engravers," &c., Rawlins was reinstated with the title of "Chief Engraver." This situation he filled till his death, which occurred in 1670, at which time he was engaged on new dies for a sovereign.

This medal was probably executed by order of the Parliament, the legend being in accordance with their declaration of 19th May, 1642.

90. Another. _Obv._ Ship in full sail l., with flags of England. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with the King and Speaker. PRO RELIGIONE GREGE ET REGE: the whole within wreath-border. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. Dutch.

This medal appears to have been struck upon a piece of cast metal and from copper dies, which are known to have existed and are considered to be the matrices of a seal.

91. Battle of Edgehill? 1642. _Obv._ Half-length figure of King l., wearing robes of the order of the Garter, &c. CAR. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c.; engraved. _Rev._ King on horseback r.; above, genius with palm and wreath, &c.; blundered inscr. of Garter, engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with loop for suspension.

Probably executed by T. Rawlins after the battle of Edgehill, to which the palm and wreath allude.

92. Outbreak of Civil War and surrender of Bristol? 1643. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS D. G. ANG. &c. R. _Rev._ Sword and olive-branch crossed, between C.R. crowned. IN VTRVMQVE PARATVS. 1643. Silver. Size 1·15. Struck. By T. Rawlins.

This medalet may have been struck upon the surrender of Bristol to the forces of Prince Rupert in 1643.

93. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, 1642. _Obv._ Half-length figure towards l., in armour holding sword; above SX. Outer legend. _Should hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand._ Inner legend. _Pro Religione Lege Rege et Parliamento_: legends engraved. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with King and Speaker: wreath-border. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·8. Cast and chased; with loop for suspension. Military reward.

The reverse type may refer to the declaration of Essex, in which he promised to maintain the Protestant religion, the security of the King's person, and the first privileges of Parliament and the liberty and property of the subject. Essex, born in 1582, was appointed general of the parliamentary army upon the breaking out of the Civil War in 1642. He died in 1646.

94. Another. Battle of Edgehill? 1642. _Obv._ The Earl of Essex on horse galloping r.; battle in the distance, &c. ROBERTVS COMES ESSEX. _Rev._ Shield, coronet, arms of Essex; beneath, motto, BASIS VIRTVTVM CONSTANTIA; wreath-border; legends engraved. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; has had ring for suspension.

The battle represented on the obverse may be that of Edgehill, when victory was claimed by both sides.

95. Another. Death of Essex, 1646. _Obv._ Bust, facing, in armour, &c. ROBERTVS COMES ESSEXIÆ, &c. PRO REGE ET PARLIAMENTO GENERALIS. _Rev._ Shield and coronet, arms of Essex; beneath, skull and crossbones. OBIIT DECIMO QVARTO DIE SEPTEMBRIS ANNO DIN (sic) 1646; legends engraved. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

A memorial of the Earl of Essex upon his death.

96. Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax, 1643. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters r., in armour. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Fairfax between palm and laurel branches: wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·75. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax, at the outbreak of the civil war, was appointed commander-in-chief of the parliamentary forces of the North. He gained the battle of Marston Moor in 1644. Died 1648.

97. Another, 1643. _Obv._ Bust, facing, wearing armour and scarf. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Fairfax. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

98. Lord Kimbolton, aft. Earl of Manchester, 1643. _Obv._ Half-length figure, three quarters l., in armour, _Pro Religione Lege Rege et Parliamento_; engraved. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament, with King and Speaker; wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·7. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

Edward Montague, Lord Mandeville, was the eldest son of the first Earl of Manchester, and was raised to the peerage in the lifetime of his father under the title of Lord Kimbolton. He served in the parliamentary army, and held a command at Edgehill. In 1643 he received the command of the forces maintained by the seven associated counties of Essex, &c., and was present at the battle of Marston Moor. It was probably about that time that this medal was struck. He took a leading part in bringing about the Restoration, and was Lord Chamberlain to Charles II. Died in 1671.

99. John Hampden. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters r., wearing armour. _Rev._ An axe. _Inimica Tyrannis._ Gold. Size .8. An engraved plate of good work probably of the 18th century.

John Hampden, statesman and parliamentary leader, was killed at Chalgrove, 18th June, 1643.

100. Archbishop Laud, 1645. _Obv._ Bust r., wearing academical robes, biretta, &c. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·45. Cast and chased.

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, born in 1573, obtained in 1621 the see of St. David's, in 1625 was translated to Bath and Wells, in 1628 to London, and in 1633 to the see of Canterbury. Beheaded 10th Jan. 1645.

101—102. Another. _Obv._ Bust r., similar to previous medal. GVIL. LAVD ARCHIEPISC. CANTVAR. X. IAN. 1644. _Rotier f. Rev._ Infant angel carrying mitre and crozier of Laud towards the skies, followed by two others bearing the crown, sceptre, and orb of Charles; below, view of London. SANCTI CAROLI PRÆCVRSOR. Gold and silver. 2·25. Struck.

This medal was executed by John Roettier soon after the Restoration, circ. 1600.

103. Sir William Parkhurst, 1644. Within ornamented oval frame, half-length figure, facing, wearing cloak, &c., and holding medal of Charles I. GVILIEL. PARKHVRST EQV. AVRA. CVSTOS CAMB. ET MONET. TOT. ANGL. 1623; beneath, _T. Rawlins Sculps._ OXON. 1644. Silver. Size 3. Cast; a thin plate. By T. Rawlins.

Sir William Parkhurst, Warden of the Mint under James I. and Charles I., whom he accompanied to Oxford at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was reinstated in his office by Charles II., and died about 1671.

104. Sir William Waller, 1643. _Obv._ Bust three quarters r., wearing armour, &c. Inner legend. _The valiant commander Sir William Waller._ Outer legend. _Should hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand_: legends engraved. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with King and Speaker. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Sir William Waller, parliamentary general, born in 1597, knighted in 1622, was second in command under the Earl of Essex; but was removed by the Self-denying Ordinance, and becoming an object of suspicion, he was twice imprisoned. He afterwards assisted at the Restoration, and died in 1668.

105. Sir Richard Brown, 1644. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters l., in armour, &c. NON VIR SED VIRTVS. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Sir R. Brown. FOR KING AND PARLIAMENT. 1644; wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Sir Richard Brown, parliamentary general, afterwards attached himself to the royal cause and at the Restoration was created a baronet and elected Lord Mayor of London.

106—107. Sir Thomas Fairfax, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour, &c. THO. FAIRFAX MILES MILIT. PARL. DVX GEN. _Rev._ MERVISTI. POST HAC MELIORA. 1645. Silver-gilt and silver. Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. Military reward. By T. Simon.[9]

[9] Thomas Simon, the artist, whose birthplace and date of birth are uncertain, was first noticed by Nicholas Briot about 1633, and through him was engaged at the Royal Mint in 1636, to engrave the great seal of the Admiralty. In 1645 Simon received his first appointment under Parliament as "Joint Chief Engraver" with Edward Wade, and producing several seals of State remarkable for their artistic skill, he was rewarded by promotion to the post of "Chief Engraver to the Mint and Seals." From this time till the Restoration, Simon produced a large number of medals, many of which are of great beauty both in design and execution, and also the coins with the effigy of the Protector, by whom he was appointed "Sole Chief Engraver and Medal-maker." At the Restoration a fresh patent having been granted to Simon as one of His Majesty's Chief Engravers, he was ordered to prepare the necessary Great Seals, those of the Protector having been broken up. The appointment of John Roettier as one of the Engravers to the Mint led to a quarrel between him and Simon, which resulted in the resignation of the latter. Simon died in 1665 of the plague. Some little time before his death, he produced his masterpiece "The Petition Crown."

Sir Thomas (Lord) Fairfax, parliamentary general, commanded at Marston Moor, was appointed general in chief of the parliamentary army to succeed Essex, 1645, and was victorious at Naseby, Colchester, &c. He resigned his post in 1650, and after assisting in bringing about the Restoration, died in 1671.

108. Prince Rupert, 1645. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters l., wearing armour, &c., and holding Marshal's baton. _Rev._ Armorial bearings of the Prince on three shields, with supporters, crest, &c.: above, R. P. Silver. Oval. Size 1·45. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Prince Rupert, son of Frederick, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth, dau. of James I., born 1619, commanded the cavalry of Charles I. during the Civil War till the surrender of Bristol in 1645. After the Restoration he commanded in the English fleet in the war against the Dutch. Died in 1682.

109. Sir Robert Heath, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cap, robes of office, &c. EFFIG. R. HEATH. &c. ÆTAT. SVÆ 71. 1645. R. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Heath, between two laurel-branches; engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased. By T. Rawlins.

Sir Robert Heath, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, dismissed by the Parliament in 1645, died in 1649.

110. Baron de Reede, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cap, doublet, &c. _Rev._ 1645. IO. DE REEDE D. DE RENSWOVDE, &c. ÆTAT 52. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

John de Reede, Lord of Renswode, Ambassador Extraordinary of the United Provinces to the Court of Charles I., by whom he was created Baron de Reede.

111. Sir John Hotham, 1645. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour; behind, skull, crowned. MORS MIHI VITA. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Hotham impaling Anlaby. Silver. Size 1·25. Cast and chased.

Sir John Hotham, Parliamentary-general, was the Governor of Hull, who closed the gates of that city against Charles I. Being suspected of treason, he was executed together with his son on Tower Hill, 2nd June, 1645.

112. Simon Beal, 1645. Half-length figure, three quarters r., in doublet and scarf, with trumpet in r. hand, &c. SIMON BEAL ÆT. SVE 28. A. 1645; wreath-border. Silver. Size 2·4. Embossed plate in high relief, chased.

Simon Beal is said to have been Sergeant-Trumpeter to the King. This medal has been attributed to T. Rawlins.

113. Earl of Loudon, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cap, doublet, &c.; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ IOHAN. COM. LOVDOVN SVMMVS SCOTIÆ CANCELLARIVS. 1645. Silver. Size 1·45. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.[10]

[10] Of Abraham Simon, the brother of Thomas Simon, our information is very limited. At an early age he studied theology, but with tastes similar to those of his brother, he soon left these studies and went to Sweden, where his reputation as a modeller in wax speedily raised him to public notice. He entered the service of Queen Christina, and became one of her suite in her travels. Before the outbreak of the Civil War he returned to England, where his portraits became famous. That he left England during the Commonwealth, as stated by some, is very doubtful, as there are many medals executed by him during that period, and chiefly of leading parliamentarians. It is certain, that at the Restoration he stood high in favour with the King, and received 100 guineas for a portrait of him in wax. In disgust at the treatment he received from the Duke of York, he ceased to work altogether, and died shortly afterwards in great poverty.

Sir John Campbell, born 1598, elected Earl of Loudon 1633, was appointed High Chancellor of Scotland in 1641, and in 1649 President of the Session which ordered the proclamation of Charles II. Being deprived of his office he was specially exempted from the indemnity granted by Cromwell to the people of Scotland. Died 1663.

114. William Pope, 1645. _Obv._ Bust r., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ 1645. GVLIELMVS POPE ARMIG. ÆTATIS 21. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

William Pope, a royalist and grandson of Sir William Pope, first Baron of Belturbet and Earl of Downe, died before 1660 without issue.

115. Lord Inchiquin, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ 1646. HON. D. MOR. BAR. D'INCHIQVIN D. PRÆSES PROV. MOMONIÆ ÆT. 30. Silver-gilt. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Lord Murrough, Baron Inchiquin, created Earl of Inchiquin 1654, commanded in Munster, of which province he was appointed Lord President. He was at first a parliamentarian, but afterwards joined the royalist party. Died 1674.

116. Albert Joachim, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing official robes, &c.; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ 1646. ALB. IOACHIMI EQ. FÆDERAT. BELG. &c. ÆT. 86. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Albert Joachim was Ambassador Extraordinary of the United Provinces to congratulate Charles I. upon his marriage. He remained in England as Ambassador in ordinary.

117. Sidney Poyntz, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A. S. _Rev._ 1646. SIDEN. POINTZ 10000 EQVIT. ET PED. ASSOCIAT. SEPTENT. DVX SVM. EBOR. GVBER. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Sidney Poyntz, parliamentary general, defeated the King's forces at Rowton Heath near Chester, commanded with Rossiter in the North, and was Governor of York.

118. Earl of Dunfermline, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ CAR. SETONIVS FERMELINODVNI COM. 1646. Lead. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Charles Seton, second Earl of Dunfermline, was frequently employed in negotiations between the King and the Parliament of Scotland. After the Restoration he was appointed extraordinary Lord of the Session and Keeper of the Privy Seal. Died in 1673.

119. Earl of Lauderdale, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour, &c. IO. METALLANVS LAVDERIÆ CO.; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ Crest and motto of Lauderdale, lion sejant, holding sword and lis. CONSILIO ET ANIMIS. 1646. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

John Maitland, second Earl of Lauderdale, born 1616, created Duke 1672, was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester: appointed in 1661 Sec. of State and High Commissioner of Scotland: aft. one of the famous Cabal Ministry. Died 1682.

120. General Rossiter, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour. Reverse plain. Gold. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased. By A. ? Simon.

Edward Rossiter, parliamentary general, commanded in the North with Sidney Poyntz: concurred with Monk and Fairfax in the Restoration, and was knighted.

121. Robert Kyrle, 1646. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour, &c. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Kyrle and Money, and crest of Kyrle, hedgehog. Silver. Oval. Size 1·25. Cast and chased. By A. Simon?

Robert Kyrle of Walford Court, nephew of John Hampden was a distinguished officer under Cromwell and Captain of the Troopers, who plundered Master Swift's house at Goodrich. Died 1669.

122. Martinay, 1647. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour: on arm, A.S. _Rev._ IE NE VIS QV'A REGRET. 1647. Lead. Size 1·5. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

In the Med. Hist., p. 74, we find that Martinay was a French gentleman, who had taken refuge in England.

123. Uncertain Portrait. Bust r., wearing doublet. No reverse. Size 1·45. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Perhaps a portrait of Algernon Sidney.

124. Thomas Harper, 1647. Bust l., wearing cloak, &c. VERA EFF. T. HARPER D. ALVETON LODGE IN C. STAF. 1647; on arm, T.R. Gold. Oval. Size 1·4. Struck on a thin gold plate. By T. Rawlins.

During the civil war a parliamentary garrison was stationed at Alveton, perhaps in Harper's own house, who appears to have been a royalist, as this medal is by the royalist artist, Rawlins.

125. Memorial badge of Charles I., 1649. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.; engraved. _Rev._ Shield, royal arms within Garter, crowned; engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 2·3. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

This and the following medals (Nos. 126—134) are badges evidently worn by the friends and partisans of Charles I., openly, or in secret.

126. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing decorated armour, &c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BR. &c. Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

This medal is probably by T. Rawlins.

127. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing robes and star of the Garter, &c.; in his hand, crown of thorns and scroll inscribed, CHRISTI TRACTO IANII. 30. 1648. CAROLVS PRIMVS MORITVR ET VIVIT. EST NOBILE VICENDI GENVS PATIENTIA; wreath-border. _Rev._ Rock, buffeted by winds and waves; on scroll, IMMOTA TRIUMPHANS. Silver. Size 1·1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.