Act v (Lodovico). Hence, _tarrest_, terraced, provided with terraces;

Heywood, London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276.

=tarre on,= to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1. 117; Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in common use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _terre_, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre youre sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. _tergan_, to vex, see B. T. (s.v. Tirgan).

=tarsell,= a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See =tassel.=

=Tartarian,= a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end).

=task,= to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. _tasque_, taxe, règlement imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy), Med. L. _tasca_ (Ducange), L. _taxare_, to rate, estimate the value of a thing.

†=tassaker,= a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere.

=tassel,= the male of any kind of hawk; ‘_Tiercelet_, the Tassel, so termed because he is commonly a third part less than the female’, Cotgrave; _tassel-gentle_, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160; _tassel gent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49; _tiercel gentle_, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See =tercel.=

=taste,= to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267; to try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87; to experience, to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123.

=tat, tatt,= a false die; _tatts_, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). _Tatmonger_, a sharper who uses false dice (in the same scene).

=tatler,= for _tattler_, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking watch; because it _tattles_ or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,= a man in tattered clothing; a ragged fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED.

=taumpin,= a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon for a gon, _tampon_’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion).

=taunt pour taunte,= tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68. F. _tant pour tant_, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt).

=Taurus:= ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were both wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 1.

=tavell,= the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle. Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34. Cp. mod. F. _tavelle_, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the cocoons; see NED.

=taw,= to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); _tawed_, treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care . . . With tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 39. See Nares and Dict.

=taw,= to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14 from end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe).

=tawdry,= pl. _tawdries_, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. _Tawdry-lace_, St. Awdry’s lace, i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict.

=tax,= to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost, v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See =task.=

=teade,= a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293; Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. _taeda_, a torch.

=teemed,= arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 314.

=teen,= harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation, annoyance, id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov. use in the north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland also in the sense of sorrow, grief. ME. _tene_, vexation, grief (Chaucer). See Dict. M. and S. OE. _tēona_, damage, harm, insult, calumny.

†=teen,= keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not found elsewhere.

=teend,= to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id., Ceremonies for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD. (s.v. Tend, vb.^{2}). ME. _teend_ (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. _tendan_, in compounds, as _ontendan_ (Exod. xxii. 6). See =tind.=

=tegge,= a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket, _saillant_’, Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193. Skelton has _tegges_, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131. ‘Teg’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the sense of a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.).

=teil-tree,= a lime-tree or linden. BIBLE, Isaiah vi. 13; _teyle_, Golding, Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. _teil_; L. _tilia_.

=teint,= tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. _teint_, colour, complexion.

=teld,= _pt. t._, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. _telde_, told; ‘And thei . . . telden alle these thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. _tealde_, also _telede_ (Leechdoms); see B. T. (s.v. Tellan).

=temper,= to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294. L. _temperare_, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=tempt,= to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton, P. L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. _temptare_ (gen. written _tentare_), to attempt, essay.

=ten bones,= the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B. Jonson, Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy).

=tender,= to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145; Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt.

=tenent,= a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle, Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED.

=teniente,= a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. _teniente de una compañia_, lieutenant of a company (Neuman); _lugarteniente_, lieutenant (Stevens).

=tent,= to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME. _tent_ of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. _tente_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2).

=tercel,= the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.); _tiercel_, Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. _tercel_ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 405 (v.rr. _tersel_, _tarsell_); _tarcel_, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24). OF. _tercel_ (Godefroy), O. Prov. _tersol_ (Levy), Span. _terzuelo_, Ital. _terzuolo_, Med. L. _tertiolus_ (Ducange), F. _tiercelet_ (dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See =tassel.=

=terlerie-whiskie,= a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in the refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii (Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie).

=termer= (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the law-courts. Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft).

=termless,= unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75; incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable, Lover’s Complaint, 94.

=terre,= to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word.

†=terrial.= ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error for _terret_, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the jesses of a hawk (NED.).

=tertia,= a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden, Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. _tercio_, a regiment, a third part (Stevens).

=testate,= a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous); vol. iv, p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422.

=testy,= witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire Em, ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. _teste_, the word which began the last clause of a writ, and signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. _testis_, a witness. See NED. (s.v. Teste, sb.^{2} 2 c).

=tetchy, teachy,= quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt _teachy_, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); _teachie_, Romeo, i. 3. 32 (1592). See NED.

=tetragrammaton,= the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’ word, written Y H W H, vocalized Y a H W e H by modern scholars; in the BIBLE written JEHOVAH (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the LORD’; ‘Our English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton, whereby God may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer, 17 (NED.); Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152).

=tettish, teatish,= peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca).

=tew,= a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 29, st. 27; spelt _tewgh_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME. _tewe_, fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (_ge_)_tǣwe_, _getāwe_, tackle, equipment.

=tew,= to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, _je souple_’, Palsgrave; to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is tewing of his net’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2 (Clause); _to tew hemp_, Ray’s Country Words, A.D. 1691. In prov. use for dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v. Tew, vb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _tewyn lethyr_, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.).

=tewly,= scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67, 1516, Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); _tuly_, colowre, ‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. _tieulé_, of the colour of a tile, i.e. red (Godefroy), deriv. of _tieule_ (F. _tuile_), a tile, L. _tegula_.

=teyle;= see =teil-tree.=

=teyned.= ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME. _teyne_, a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel. _teinn_, rod, _gull-teinn_, a rod of gold.

=than,= then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common).

=tharborough,= a form of =thirdborough,= q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185.

=thatch’d head,= a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick matted hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria).

=thee,= to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. _thee_ (Chaucer), OE. _þēon_. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Theen).

=thembatel,= for _the embatel_, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold thembatel of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found elsewhere.

=therm, tharm,= an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100). Still in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian) _þarm_, a bowel.

=thewes,= good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4; ii. 1. 33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence _thewed_, having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE. _þēaw_, usage, custom, habit.

=thewes,= the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i. 3. 81; Hamlet, i. 3. 12.

=thick,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal., March, 73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In Suffolk groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see EDD. (s.v. Thick, 14).

=thiller,= the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of ME. _thylle_ of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.).

=thill-horse,= the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’, Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Thill, sb.^{1} 2 4). See =fill.=

=thirdborough,= the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L. i. 1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier _frithborh_; OE. _friðborh_, peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED.

=thirdendale:= phr. _thirdendale gallant_, the third part of a gallant, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See =halfendeale.=

=this,= thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366; and often.

=tho,= then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. _tho_, then (Chaucer). see M. and S.; OE. _þā_.

=thole,= the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were suspended; ‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher, True Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a cupola; at Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of 50, dined at the public cost.

=thorow-lights,= lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon, Essay 45, § 3. From _thorow_ = through.

=thrall,= _v._, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11. 44.

=threap,= to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan); _threpped_, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354. In gen. prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England, north country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. _threpe_, to assert to be (Chaucer). OE. _þrēapian_, to rebuke, argue.

=threave,= a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves of busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of flies’); a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and England in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD. (s.v. Thrave, sb. 3). Icel. _þrefi_, a number of sheaves.

=three-farthings.= King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile, with a rose at the back of her head.

=three-pile,= three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called _three-pile_ or _three-piled velvet_, presumably because it had a triple (or a very close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. _Three-piled piece_, referring to velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, _three-piled_ = exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407; cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. From _three_ and _pile_ (4).

=threne,= a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, _threning_ (spelt _threnning_); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’, Sir T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral lament.

=thrill,= to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, _thrillant_, piercing. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. _thirte_, to pierce (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2709). OE. _þyrlian_. See =thrull.=

=thrill,= to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood, Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4.

=thring,= to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _thringe_, to press, to force one’s way (Chaucer). OE. _þringan_, to press.

=thrist,= thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. _Thristy_, thirsty, id., i. 5. 15. In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire (EDD.). ME. _thrist_, thirst; _thriste_, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683, 3848).

=throat-brisk,= (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt _throte-briske_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp. _throat-sweetbread_ (also _neck-sweetbread_), butcher’s name for the thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d).

=throng,= pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The fourth Motion). OE. _þrungen_, pp. of _þringan_, to press. See =thring.=

=throw,= a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME. _throw_, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE. _þrāge_, ‘for a time’, _þrāh_, a space of time, a course, running. See M. and S. (s.v. Throwe).

=throwster,= a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. _þrāwan_, to twist.

=thrull,= to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See =thrill.=

=thrum,= a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; _thrumm’d_, furnished with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton, Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; _thrum-chinned_, with rough untidy chin, id., A Trick to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. _thrumm_ of a clothe, ‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. _trumm_, edge, brim (Aasen); Du. ‘_drom_, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. _trumm_.

=thrum,= to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old Suffolk word (EDD.).

=thrust,= thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE. _þurst_, thirst. See =thrist.=

=tial,= a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman) can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch word (EDD.). See =tyall.=

=Tib-of-the-buttery,= a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED.

=ticket, on the,= on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17.

=tickle,= not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily upset, easily set in motion; in phr. _tickle of the sear_ (_sere_), easily made to go off (the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used _fig._ in Hamlet for yielding easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME. _tikel_, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3428).

=tickle-footed,= uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless).

=ticklish,= easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace).

=tick-tack,= a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men and pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. _tiktak_. tick-tack; ‘_tiktakbörd_, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G. _tricktrack_, backgammon.

=tiddle,= to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents did tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence _tidlings_, pets, spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks., meaning to tend carefully; to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.).

=tie-dog,= a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares.

=tiego,= a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3 (Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman; it seems to represent _’tigo_, short for Lat. _vertigo_.

=tiffany,= a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1 (Treedle). Apparently the same word as _Tiffany_, a name for the festival of the Epiphany. OF. _Tiphanie_ (Godefroy), Eccles. L. _Theophania_, Eccles. Gk. Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See Ducange (s.v. Theophania).

=tight, tite.= Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health, sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See =tith.=

=tight,= _pt. t._, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34.

=tiller,= in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception of the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a balista)’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘_Arbrier_, the tillar of a crosse-bow’, Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit of its being used as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless); _tiller-bow_, a cross-bow, see Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801, p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 297); _tillering_, the putting of a bow upon a tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. _telier_ (_tellier_), the wooden beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy), Mod. L. _telarium_ (Ducange), L. _tela_, a web.

=tilly-vally,= an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; _Tilly-fally_, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 90. _Tille valle, Tille vallee!_, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice More, not liking her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the Tower) as nighe heaven as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T. More, by W. Roper (More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv).

=tim,= a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).

=timonist,= misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 (Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens.

=tinct,= to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle); _tinct_, pp. dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. _tinctus_, dyed.

=tincture,= a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue, colour, ‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle or immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and clean’, Herbert, The Elixir.

=tind,= to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm. (ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); _tind_, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub, borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find _tinne_ (to kindle). ‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). Wyclif has _tend_: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED. for an account of the earlier form-history of the word. See =teend.=

=tine,= to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds . . . Tine the slant lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest . . . was seen to tine The cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of _tind_ (to kindle), in prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind).

=tine,= to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use in Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v. Tine, vb.^{1}). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME. _tine_, to lose (Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. _tȳna_, to lose, to destroy, put to death.

=tine,= affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses, 3; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii. 11. 21. OE. _tȳnan_, to give pain, to vex. See =teen.=

=tintamar, tintimar,= a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt _tintamar_, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; _tintimar_, Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. _tintamarre_, ‘A clashing or crashing, a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff, or vessels of metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See =sanctus.=

=tinternall,= the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. _tinton_, the burden of a song; from _tinter_, to ring.

=tip for tap,= tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.^{2}).

=tipe over,= to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, _je renverse_’, Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire, and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _type_, to tilt over, knock down, see NED. (s.v. Tip, vb.^{2}).

=tiphon,= a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles).

=tippet:= in phr. _to turn one’s tippet_, to change one’s course or behaviour completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. 3 (Aurelia); also, _to change one’s tippet_, Merry Devil of Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He changed his typpette, and played the Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs, 1049. 2 (NED.).

=tipstaff,= a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by certain officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped staff, a sheriff’s officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in session; ‘Then their Lordships . . . commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff to fetch a smith to force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148 (Oxf. Hist. Soc).

=tire,= a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi. 605; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P. iii. 317. OF. _tire_, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘_tire à tire_, l’un après l’autre’ (Didot); O. Prov. _tiera_, _teira_, ‘suite, série’ (Levy).

=tire,= to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence _tire-men_, dressers belonging to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1 (Fitsgrave). _Tire_, a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt _tier_, London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32; _tire-valiant_, a fanciful head-dress, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 60.

=tire,= to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. 2 (Leocadia). ‘_Tiring_ (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or Pinion of a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME. _tyren_, to tear, rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. _tirer_, to draw, pull, tug; see NED. (s.v. Tire, vb.^{2} 2).

=tirik,= a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a ‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb. 3).

=tirliry-pufkin,= a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1.

=tit,= a small creature, young thing; _a tit of tenpence_, a girl worth tenpence; a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2 (Petruchio).

=tite:= phr. _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. _as tite_, as soon, as lief, in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.^{2}). ME. _tite_, quickly; _as tyte as_, as soon as (Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. _tītt_, at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. Tīðr).

=tith,= a variant of =tight= (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s tith’, id., Mons. Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. _tither_ occurs in The Mad Lover, iii. 3 (Chilax) in a nautical allusion. _Tithly_, vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20; closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3 (Penurio).

=tithe,= to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius).

=titillation,= a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation, used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face).

=titivil= (=tytyvyllus=), a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43); Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘_Coquette_, a pratling or proud gossip . . . a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; _titifil_, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil said to collect fragments of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the recitation of the daily offices, and to carry them to hell to be registered against the offender; the name occurs in the mystery plays. Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54. See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123. See NED. for a full and interesting account of this curious creation of monastic wit.

=titivilitium,= an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter). L. _titivillitium_, a small trifle (used once by Plautus).

=to,= in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &c.

=to-,= prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: _to-breke_ (pt. t. _to-brake_), to break in pieces; _to-breste_, to burst asunder; _to-bruse_, to bruise in pieces; _to-drawe_, to draw asunder; _to-frusshe_, to break in pieces; _to-hewe_, to hew in pieces; _to-rente_, to rend in pieces. Malory’s Morte Arthur has _to-cratche_, to tear to pieces; _to-ryue_, to rive asunder; _to-sheuer_, to reduce to shivers. See NED. (s.v. To-, pref.^{2}).

=toadstone,= a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas).

=toase,= to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. _tosyn_ or tose wul or odyre lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See =tooze.=

=toater;= see =toter.=

=to-boil,= to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5 (Ferdinand).

=to-break,= to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all to-break’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200); _to-brake_, pt. t., ‘And all to brake his scull’, BIBLE, Judges ix. 53. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tobreken). OE. _tobrecan_, pt. t. _tobræc_.

=tod,= a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary, Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{2}).

=tod,= a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67; Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3 (Juan). In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree, see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{5} 1).

=to-dash,= to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18.

=todder,= slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3).

†=toderer,= a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

†=tods;= ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’, Dekker, O. Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’.

=tofore,= formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME. _toforn_, beforehand (Chaucer); _tofore_, prep. before (P. Plowman, B. v. 457).

=to-frusshed,= _pp._ broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All to-frusshed’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See =frush.=

=toft,= taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. _toght_, tightly drawn (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2267).

=token,= a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a farthing. _Tavern-token_, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a tavern-token’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell).

=tole,= to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2 (near the end); _tole on_, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1 (Clorin). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll, vb.^{2} 1). ME. _tollen_, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7. 15).

=toledo,= a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the end; Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla).

=ton,= a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F. _thon_, a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. _thunnus_; Gk. θύννος.

=tone:= _the tone_, for _thet one_, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Preface, 96; cp. _the tother_, for _thet other_, that other, the other (in the same line). Just below, l. 105, we find _tone part_, for _the tone part_, i.e. the one part. See Nares.

=tonnell;= see =tunnel.=

=tony,= a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we find _Tony_ used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time signifying a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii (Freeman); _tonies_, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15.

=toot;= see =tote.=

=toothful,= toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1 (Theoph.).

=too-too,= extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 15 (Common); _toto muche_, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42.

=tooze,= to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265; fol. 170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, _Je force de la laine_, and _je charpis de la laine_’, Palsgrave. See =toase.=

=top-ayle,= highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England for the beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD. (s.v. Ail, sb.^{2}). OE. _egl_, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41).

=tope,= I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours. Shirley, Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper).

=topsiturne,= to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object . . . Which topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214.

=tormentour,= a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders, an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; BIBLE, Matt. xviii. 34. ME. _tormentour_, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. G. 527).

=tortious,= injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict. (s.v. Tort).

=torved,= stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For _torvid_, Med. L. _torvidus_ (Ducange).

†=toss, tosses,= _pl._ (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria).

=tote,= to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt _toote_, Speke Parrot, 12; _toot_, Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of England down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2}). ME. _toten_ (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. _tōtian_, to look, gaze.

=tote,= to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’, Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the north country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2} 3).

=toter,= a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan); _toater_, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{1}).

=tother:= _the tother_, for _thet other_, the other. See =tone.=

=toto,= variant of =too-too,= q.v.

=totters,= tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song); _tottered_, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3. 21; Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. _totra_, a rag, _totror_, pl. rags, also _taltra_(_r_) (Aasen).

=totty,= unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39; Sheph. Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _toty_: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4253).

=touch,= a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster, 48. _Touch_ = _Touchstone_, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also _fig._ with reference to the trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10.

=touch,= often used for any costly marble; properly the _basanites_ of the Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name _touch_ from being used as a test for gold. It was often written _tutch_ or _tuch_; ‘He built this house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto, xliii. 14; ‘With alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol. xvi. 45; ‘Thou art not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or marble’, B. Jonson, Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. _pierre de touche_, ‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée, parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=touch-box,= a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See =twitch-box.=

=tour,= a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). F. ‘_Un tour de tête_, _un tour_, sorte de petite perruque de femme’ (Hatzfeld).

=toure, towre,= to see, to look (Cant). To _towre_, to see, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; _toure out_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=toward,= in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; _towards_, Romeo, i. 5. 124; _towardness_, docility, Bacon, Essay 19.

=towker,= a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § 4. ME. _towkere_, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), _towker_, P. Plowman, A. Prol. 100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker).

=town-top,= Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See =parish-top.=

=to-wry,= to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26 (ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. _wrye_, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. E. 887), OE. _wrēon_, to cover; _wrigen_, pp.

=toy,= a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys for your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling matter, something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim, King John, i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 79; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré).

=to-year,= this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); _to-yere_, id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In gen. prov. use in England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. _to-yere_, this year (Chaucer, C. T. D. 168).

=trace,= the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding, Metam. ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, _trays_’, Palsgrave. ME. _trayce_, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F. _traits_, pl. of _trait_, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the horses’ (Cotgr.). _Traces_ is therefore a double plural. See Dict.

=trace,= to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x, ch. 30; Milton, Comus, 427; _trast_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In use in Ireland in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace, vb.^{1} 1).

=tract,= to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 101.

=tract:= phr. _tracte of tyme_, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 22, § 3; _to tract the time_, to prolong the time, Mirror for Mag., Gloucester, st. 25. Hence _tracting_, protraction, prolongation, ‘In the tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 53). F. ‘_par traict de temps_, in tract of time’ (Cotgr.).

=trade,= track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ‘A common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1).

=traditive,= traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196.

=traduction,= transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. _Verbal traduction_, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes (beginning). F. _traduction_, a translation, L. _traductio_, a transferring, transmission.

=traicte,= to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. _traicter_, to treat (Cotgr.).

=train,= to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; _train on_, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. _trainer_, ‘attirer, entrainer, séduire’ (Moisy).

=trains,= artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME. _trayne_, or disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. _traine_, ‘trahison’ (Godefroy); cp. F. ‘_traine_, a plot, practice, device’ (Cotgr.).

=tralineate,= to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396. Suggested by Ital. _tralignare_, to degenerate (Dante).

=tralucent,= transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as _translucent_, Milton, Comus, 861. L. _tralucere_, _translucere_, to shine through.

=tramels,= nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F. _tramail_, a net (Cotgr.); Ital. _tramaglio_, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med. L. _tremaculum_, _tremaclum_ (Ducange).

=trampler,= a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood).

=trangame,= a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii (Widow).

=translate,= to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm).

=translater,= a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’, A Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For many examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v. Translate, 1).

=transmew,= to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37. ME. _transmuwen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. _transmuër_, to change (Cotgr.). L. _transmutare_. See EDD.

=transmogrify,= to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Belfond Senior). A playful variant of _transmodify_, by association with the termination -(_mo_)_graphy_. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in all English-speaking countries (EDD.).

=transversaries,= the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233.

=trash,= (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach). See Nares. In Cumberland the word _trash_ means a cord used in checking dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.^{3} 1).

=trash,= to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.^{1} 1).

=trattle,= to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, _trattler_, a prattler, ‘A tratler is worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch word, see EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.).

=travant,= a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany. Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. _Trabant_, a satellite, halberdier: cp. Norw. _drabant_, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22), Magyar _darabant_. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v. Drabant).

=travers=(=e,= a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 45; spelt _traves_, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. _travers_: ‘We will that our said son be in his chamber . . . the travers drawn anon upon eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in Chaucer: ‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. E. 1817); also _travas_, ‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The word exists in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2).

=traverse,= to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 (Tarquin).

=tray-trace, trey-trace,= perhaps (like _tray-trip_) the name of a game at dice. Trey-trip and _trey-trace_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118.

=tray-trip,= an old game at dice, in which _tray_ (three) was a successful throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); spelt _tra-trip_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Roger); _tre-trip_, Mayne, City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe, hazard, or mum-chance’, Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B; see Nares. See =trey.=

=treachetour,= a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A contaminated form; due to ME. _trechour_ (a traitor) and ME. _tregetour_ (a juggler). The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277, and C. T. F. 1143, see also _tregetowre_, ‘mimus, pantomimus, prestigiator, joculator’ (Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. _tregettour_, juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF. _tresgeter_, Med. L. _transjectare_, to throw across, to juggle.

=treachour,= a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27; _treacher_, King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii. 1 (Otto); Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. _trechour_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 197). OF. _trecheör_ (Bartsch), Romanic type _trecatórem_, cp. Med. L. _tricator_, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange).

=treague,= a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. _tregua_, Mod. L. _tregua_, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. _triuwa_, truth, a solemn promise (Schade).

=treason,= a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks. Plut. p. 31). OF. _traïson_, Med. L. _traditio_, ‘cessio, concessio’ (Ducange).

=treen,= pl. of _tree_. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. ME. _treon_, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978).

=treen,= wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26; Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’, Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: _treen-plates_, wooden trenchers, in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _treen_, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495).

=trench,= to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘_trencher_, to cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.).

=trenchand,= cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For _trenchant_; from F. _trencher_, to cut.

=trenchmore,= a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See Nares.

=trendle,= a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. _trendyl_, ‘troclea’ (Prompt. 490). OE. _trendel_, a wheel (Sweet), see =trindill.=

=trendle,= to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8). See =trindill.=

=trepidation,= a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton, P. L. iii. 483.

=trest;= see =trist.=

=tretably,= properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 (Pedant). OF. _traitable_, tractable.

=trey, tray,= three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F. _treis_, L. _tres_, three.

=treygobet,= the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’. The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34.

=trick=(=e,= neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham, Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly, skilfully, Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus).

=tricker,= a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, i. 1. Du. _trekker_, a trigger, a puller; _trekken_, to draw, pull. See Dict.

=trickment,= heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Calis).

=tricotee,= a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. _tricotee_, an involuntary dance by one compelled by blows (Godefroy); cp. _tricote_, a cudgel; _Tricot_, ‘bâton gros et court. Il n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: _Il lui donna du tricot_’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado (s.v. Stric). See Nares.

=trig,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).

=trigon.= The zodiacal signs were combined in _triplicities_, or four sets of three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1) the _fiery_ trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the _earthy_ trigon, Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; (3) the _airy_ trigon, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius; (4) the _watery_ trigon, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to the four elements, fire, earth, air, water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’, B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον, a triangle.

=trill,= to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7; to trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt, Comparison of Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde aboute, _Je pirouette_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle a hoop, also, to twirl (EDD.). ME. _tryllyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS. 502).

=trillibub,= a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a cheap food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See Nares. Cp. the prov. words for entrails, tripe, _trollibobs_, _trullibubs_, _trollibags_, gen. used in phr. _tripe and trollibobs_ (EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See =trullibub.=

=trim,= neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3. 37; ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed in all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. _in her trim_, in speaking of ships, the state of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim freshly beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90.

=trim-tram,= a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your squire—trim-tram, like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, xiii.] A reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or contempt (EDDA.).

=trindill;= ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables, candlesticks, trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann. 1547, in Fuller’s Church History.

=trindle-tail.= Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a tail curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3. 18; spelt _trundle-tail_, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6. 73; _trendle-tail_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See =trendle.=

=trine,= a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage), Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26.

=trine,= an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in a trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See =triplicity.=

=trine,= to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 31; _trine me_, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor).

=trinket= (=trinquet=)=,= the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages, iii. 411; ‘_Trinquet_ is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast, the highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. _trinquet_ (Cotgr.), Span. and Port. _trinquete_, deriv. of _trinca_, a rope for lashing fast; of Germ. origin, cp. G. _strick_; see Reinhardstöttner, Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and Schade (s.v. Strickan).

=trinket,= a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3.

=trinket= (=trenket=)=,= a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument for a cordwayner, _batton a torner_ (_soulies_)’, Palsgrave [also spelt _trynket_]. ME. _trenket_ (Voc. 562. 3); _trenkett_, ‘ansorium’ (Cath. Angl.); _trenkette_ (Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F. _tranchet_: ‘A shoomakers round cutting knife: _tranchet de cordouanier_’ (Sherwood).

=triplicity,= a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their _triplicities_, By sympathizing in their trine consents’, &c., Drayton, Man in the Moon, 458. See =trigon.=

=trist, trest,= the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game. _At the trest_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; _at the tryst_, Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. _triste_, an appointed station in hunting (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), _tryster_ (Gawain), _tristre_ (Anc. R.). OF. _triste_, _tristre_ (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v. Tryst).

=trisulke,= three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn); vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. _trisulcus_, three-forked (Virgil).

=troad, trode,= track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 5; Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’, meaning a beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to Lincoln (EDD.).

=troll, troul, trowl,= to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi. 620; to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse, ‘Troul the bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (Merrythought); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune in succession, ‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 3 (Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of to roll, to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.^{1}). ME. _trollyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.).

=troll-my-dames,= the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have known to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus). Also called _pigeon-holes_; also _nine-holes_ (described by Strutt). The game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see Nares. The word _troll-my-dames_ is a corruption of the French name for the game _Trou-Madame_; see Cotgrave.

=tromp,= to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. _tromper_. Cp. EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.^{3}).

=trossers,= tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria); Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See =strossers.=

=trot,= an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M. iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. _trote_: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour, 17900).

=trouchman;= see =truchman.=

=troul, trowl;= see =troll.=

=trow,= to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, BIBLE, Luke xvii. 9; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. _I trow_, added to questions expressive of contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry Wives, i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also _trow_ alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _trowen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 691), OE. _trūwian_, to believe confidently, to trust in a person or thing (Sweet).

=trowses,= close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Pennyboy Junior); hence, _trowzed_, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. _trousses_, the breeches of a page (Littré); cp. O. Irish _truibhas_, close-fitting breeches and stockings (O’Curry, Introd., p. 384); Irish _triubhas_ (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).

=Troy-novant,= or =New Troy,= London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46; Peele, Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &c., l. 4; ‘Geoffrey of Monmouth . . . reporteth that Brute lineally descended from the demi-god Aeneas . . . about the year of the world 2855, and 1108 before the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the _Trinobantes_, one of its ancient names being _Augusta Trinobantum_, whence the Anglo-F. _Troynovant_; but by popular etymology _Troynovant_ was connected with the _Troia nova_ (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth and Nennius.

=truage,= tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME. _truage_ (Rob. Glouc.). OF. _truage_, _treuaige_, _treutage_, ‘vectigal, tributum’, deriv. of _true_, _treü_, _trehu_, ‘tributum’, see Ducange (s.v. Truagium). OF. _treü_ is the same word as L. _tributum_; cp. O. Prov. _traüt_, _trabut_, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Trewage).

=truchman,= an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. _interpete_); Holland. Pliny, Nat. Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid (ed. Arber, 82); _trucheman_, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed. Arber, 278); _trouchman_, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 463. See Nares. F. _trucheman_ (Cotgr.), O. Prov. _trocheman_, Span. _trujaman_ (Stevens), Arab. _tarjumân_ (Dozy, 351). See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman).

=truckle-bed,= a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall, Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘_troccle-bed_’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford (ann. 1556). An Oxford University word. L. _trochlea_, wheel of a pulley. Gk. τροχιλία, a pulley. See Dict.

=true,= honest. BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv. 3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98; ‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=true-penny,= honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie).

=trug,= a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares.

=trullibub,= a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See =trillibub.=

=trump,= a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s Progress, iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch).

=truncheon,= the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid, xi. 16. ME. _tronchoun_, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2615); Anglo-F. _trunçun_: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352).

=trundle-bed,= a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out at night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of =truckle-bed.= Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.).

=trundle-tail;= see =trindle-tail.=

=trundling-cheat,= in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Pierce). See =cheat= (2).

=trunk,= a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1 (Cler.); a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter, ‘Wooden pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3 (Purge); Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, _syringa_, tubulus flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1. See Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2).

=trunks,= trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo).

=truss,= to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict.

=trusses, a pair of,= close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for an Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See =trowses.=

†=trutch sword= (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares.

=trye,= select, refined; ‘Of silver trye’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 26. F. _trié_, pp. of _trier_, to try, to refine.

=tuch;= See =touch= (2).

=tucket,= a particular set of notes on the trumpet used as a signal for a march (Nares). Also, _tucket-sonance_, Hen. V, iv. 2. 85. Ital. ‘_toccata_ d’un musico, a præludium that cunning musicians use to play, as it were voluntarily before any set lesson’ (Florio).

=tuff-taffeta,= a kind of silk. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Hedon).

=tumbler,= a kind of greyhound used for coursing rabbits; ‘A nimble tumbler on a burrowed green’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, ii. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). A Linc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbler, 3).

=tumbrel,= a farm-cart used for manure. Marston, Epil. to Pygmalion, 26; Satire iv. 13. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbril, 1). ME. _tomerel_, a dung-cart (Prompt. EETS. 485, _tumerel_, 494); F. ‘_tombereau_, a tumbrel or dung-cart’ (Cotgr.).

=tumbrel,= a sort of bumboat, unfit for sailing. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); iii. 4 (Petruchio).

=tundish,= a funnel; ‘Filling a bottle with a tundish’, Meas. for M. iii. 2. 182. A ‘tun-bowl’ or a ‘tun-dish’ was a kind of wooden funnel, like a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the bottom, used for pouring liquids into a cask, in use in Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Tun, sb.^{1} 3 (2)).

=tunnel,= the shaft of a fire-place, chimney. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Crispiano), where _chimney_ means fire-place; _tonnell_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 29; ‘Tonnell of a chymney, _tuyau_’, Palsgrave; see Dict. (s.v. Tunnel); _tonnels_ used _fig._ for nostrils, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Cob).

=tup,= to cover as a ram. Othello, i. 1. 89; iii. 3. 396. _Tup with_, to cohabit with, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 33. ‘Tup’ is in gen. prov. use for a ram in England and Scotland (EDD.).

=turf.= ‘Turfe of a cap, _rebras_’, Palsgrave (_rebras_ means a turning up, a tucking upwards or inwards); as vb., to make a turned-up edging for a hat, ‘The steward would have had the velvet-head (of the stag) . . . to turf his hat withal’, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 Woodman). ME. _tyrfe_, the rolling back of a sleeve, ‘revolucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 483, see note, no. 2350); _tirven_, to roll back (Havelok, 603).

=turgion,= the name of a dance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 12. F. ‘_tourdion_, a turning, or winding about; also, the dance tearmed a round’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _tordion_, ‘sorte de danse’ (Levy). From OF. _tordre_, to twist. See Croft’s note on the word in the Glossary.

=Turk.= ‘A valiant Turk, though not worth tenpence’, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iii. 1 (1 Friend); _a Turk of tenpence_ (a term of abuse), Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore).

=turken,= to wrest, distort; ‘It turkeneth all things at pleasure’, Gascoigne. Steel Glass (ed. Arber, 37); _turquened_, pp., id., Pref. to Poesies; ed. Hazlitt, i. 5.

=turkis,= the gem turquoise. Milton, Comus, 894. See Dict.

=turm,= a troop. Milton, P. R. iii. 66. L. _turma_.

=turment,= a warlike engine; ‘Turmentes of warre’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 3. OF. _torment_, _tourment_ (Godefroy). Med. L. _tormentum_, a machine for hurling missiles (Ducange).

=turnbroch,= a turnspit. _Turnebroche_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 80. 2. F. _tourne-broche_, a turn-spit, a dog used for turning a spit.

=Turnbull Street,= a street in Clerkenwell noted for thieves and bad characters. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 2 (2 Promoter). See Nares.

=turnpike,= a turnstile that revolved on the top of a post, and was furnished with pikes. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). Also, a revolving frame of pikes, set in a narrow passage to obstruct an enemy, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode).

=turquen;= see =turken.=

=turquet,= (perhaps) a puppet dressed as a Turk. Bacon, Essay 37.

=turquois,= a quiver; ‘A _turquoys_ that was full of arowes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 299, back, 3. OF. _turquois_, _turquais_, Med. L. _turcasia_, ‘pharetra’ (Ducange); also Norm. F. _tarchais_ (Wace), F. _tarquai_s (15th cent.). Med. Gk. ταρκάσιον, a quiver; Arab, _tarkâsh_, of Persian origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 250. The mod. F. form is _carquois_.

=tusk,= to thrust into or beat bushes, to drive out game; ‘Make them tuske these woodes’, Lyly, Gallathea, iv. 1 (Telusa).

=tutch;= See =touch= (2).

=tutsan, tutsain,= all-heal; a species of St. John’s wort; _Hypericum Androsaemum_; ‘The healing tutsan’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 204; ‘Of tutsan or parke-leaues’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 45. It was considered a panacea for wounds. F. _tutsan_, ‘tutsan, Park-leaves’ (Cotgr.); _Toute-saine_, ‘Arbrisseau ainsi nommé, parce que ses feuilles, ses racines, sa semence sont fort utiles en Médecine’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1786).

=tutt,= a mark; ‘I toucht no tutt’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 94. ‘Tut(t’ is in prov. use in Yorks. for a mark, bound, a stopping place in the game of rounders, see EDD. (s.v. Tut, sb.^{7} 2).

=tutty,= a nosegay. T. Campion, Bk. of Airs, i. 20 (Wks., ed. Bullen, p. 62); ‘Tutty or Tuzzimuzzy, an old word for a nosegay’, Phillips, 1706. In common use in the south-west: Hants., Wilts., Dorset, Somerset and Devon (EDD.). See Prompt. EETS., note, no. 2353 on the word ‘Tytetuste’.

=twagger,= a fat lamb. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9. A Sussex word for a lamb (EDD.).

=twankle,= to twangle, to play upon a harp; ‘And twancling makes them tune’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 646. Cp. _twangling_, Tam. Shrew, ii. 159. ‘Twankle’ is a Warw. word (EDD.).

=tweak,= a prostitute. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).

=tweche:= phr. _to keep tweche_, to keep touch, perform a promise. Wever, Lusty Juventus, 1. 7; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 47. See EDD. (s.v. Twitch, vb.^{3}).

=tweer;= see =twire.=

=twelve:= phr. _upon twelve_, near twelve o’clock; near the dinner-hour; ‘My stomacke is now much upon twelve’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 175.

=twelvepenny-stool gentlemen,= gentlemen who were allowed to sit upon a stool upon the stage itself on payment of 12_d._ Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.).

=twibill,= a double-bladed battle-axe. Spelt _twibbil_; Stanyhurst. tr. of Aeneid, ii. 490 (L. _bipenni_, ii. 479). Still in prov. use for a double-headed axe. see EDD. (s.v. Twybill). OE. _twibill_, a two-edged axe (Sweet). See =twybill.=

=twig,= to do anything strenuously, to press (forward); ‘And twigging forth apace . . . the Egle flue’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 247. A Yorks. expression, see EDD. (s.v. Twig, vb.^{1} 6).

=twigger,= a wanton person, a wencher, Marlowe, Dido, iv. 5. 21; orig. perhaps applied to a ram, Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 28.

=twiggen,= made of osiers; cased with osiers or wicker-work; ‘A large basket or twiggen panier’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, b. xvii, c. 10, 5 § 1; Othello, ii. 3. 152. A Warw. word (EDD.).

=twight,= to ‘twit’, upbraid. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 12. ME. _atwite_, to reproach (Laȝamon). OE. _ætwītan_.

=twight,= to twitch, to pull suddenly; ‘No bit nor rein his tender jawes may twight’, Mirror for Mag. (Nares); used as pt. t. of _twitch_, touched, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 259 (L. _tetigit_). ME. _twykkyn_, ‘tractulo’ (Prompt.). OE. _twiccian_, to pluck, catch hold of.

=twin,= to separate one from the other. The World and the Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 244. So in Scotch use: ‘We should never twin again, except heaven twin’d and sundered us’, Rutherford’s Life (ed. 1761), 234, see EDD. (s.v. Twin, vb.^{2} 2).

=twin,= _to be twinned_, to be closely united like twins; ‘True liberty . . . which always with right reason dwells twinned’, Milton, P. L. xii. 85; B. Jonson, Hue and Cry after Cupid (Vulcan).

=twink,= a twinkling. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 312; phr. _with a twink_, in a moment, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ‘In a twink’ is in use in various parts of England and Scotland, meaning in the shortest possible space of time (EDD.). ME. _twynkyn_ wyth the eye, ‘nicto’ (Prompt.).

=twire,= to peep, to peep at intervals, to take a stolen glance at a thing; ‘When sparkling stars twire not’, Sonnet xxviii; ‘To see the common parent of us all, Which maids will twire at ’tween their fingers’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 169; spelt _tweer_, ‘The tweering constable’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 594). A Wilts. and Berks. word, ‘How he did twire and twire at she!’ (EDD.). Cp. Germ. dial. (Bavarian) _zwi_(_e_)_ren_, to take a stolen glance at a thing (Schmeller).

=twire pipe,= a term of abuse; ‘An ass, a twire pipe, a Jeffery John Bo-peep’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). For _twire_, see above; _pipe_ may be identified with the Yorks. word _pipe_, to glance at stealthily, see EDD. (s.v. Pipe, vb.^{2}) = F. _piper_, ‘to peke or prie’ (Palsgrave). See Dict. (s.v. Peep, 2). So that _twire pipe_ is a reduplicated word meaning a sly peeper.

=twissell,= the part of a tree where the branches divide from the stock; ‘As from a tree we sundrie times espie A _twissell_ grow by Nature’s subtile might’, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth to be conjoined, st. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Twizzle, 8). OE. _twislian_, to fork, branch (Hom. ii. 117); ‘twisil tunge’ (double tongue, Ecclus. v. 14).

=twitch-box,= said to be the same as _touch-box_, a box containing powder for _priming_; to _prime_ was to put a little gunpowder into the pan of an old-fashioned fire-arm. ‘Thy flask [powder-flask] and twitch-box’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 67. See =touch-box.=

=twitter-light,= twilight. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (2 Court.); Mere Dissemblers, iii. 1 (Dondolo). Cp. the Yorks. expression, ‘He came about the twitter of day’, see EDD. (s.v. Twitter, sb.^{4} 10).

=twone,= twined; pp. of _twine_. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1. 7; _twon_, id., Sophonisba, iii. 1 (first stage-direction).

=twybill,= a kind of mattock or double axe. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 77. See =twibill.=

=tyall,= a bell-pull, string, cord; ‘The greate belles clapper was fallen doune, the _tyal_ was broken’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 172). See =tial.=

=tydie,= some small bird, a titmouse (?), Drayton, Pol. xiii. 79. ME _tidif_ (_tydif_), a small bird, perhaps the titmouse (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 154).

=tyne;= see =tine.=

=tyran, tyranne,= a tyrant. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 98. Hence, _tyranning_, acting the part of a tyrant, F. Q. iv. 7. 1. F. _tyran_, L. _tyrannus_, Gk. τύραννος.

=tysant,= barley-water. Turbervile, Of the divers and contrarie Passions of his Love, st. 2. ME. _tysane_, ‘ptisana’ (Prompt.). F. ‘_tisanne_, barly water’ (Cotgr.), L. _ptisana_, pearl-barley, barley-water (Pliny), Gk. πτισάνη, peeled barley, barley-water (Hippocrates).

U

=ubblye;= see =obley.=

=uberous,= fertile. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. ii. 3 (Hengist). L. _ūber_, fertile.

=ugsome,= frightful, horrible. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 1007. Hence _ugsomnes_, terror, ‘The horrour and ugsomenes of death’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 185). These words are still in common prov. use with these meanings in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Ug). ME. _ugsom_, frightful (Dest. Troy, 877).

=ulen-spiegel;= see =owl-spiegle.=

=umbecast,= to consider, ponder. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 25; bk. xviii, c. 21. ME. _umbecast_; ‘In his hert can umbecast’ (Barbour’s Bruce, v. 552). The prefix is _umbe_, OE. _ymbe_, around (see Wars Alex., Glossary).

=umbered,= embrowned with umber. Hen. V, v, Chorus, 9.

=umberere;= see =umbriere.=

=umbles,= the ‘numbles’, the entrails of a deer; ‘The umblis of venyson’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1240; Holinshed, i. 204 (Nares); _fig._ used for a man’s bodily parts, ‘Faith, a good well-set fellow, if his spirit Be answerable to his umbles’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 1 (Trapdoor). See =numbles.=

=umbrana,= a delicate fish. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 1 (Duke). Nares says: ‘The name of a fish, called also _umbra_; in English, _umber_ or _grayling_; the _Salmo thymullus_ of Linnaeus.’ Ital. _ombrina_, ‘an ombre or grailing’ (Baretti), cp. F. ‘_umbre_, an ombre, or grayling’ (Cotgr.). Mod. L. _umbrae_, ‘tymalli, pisces Hibernis familiares’ (Ducange). Cp. σκίαινα, the name of a sea-fish (Aristotle).

=umbratical,= secluded; applied to teachers who wrote in their own studies; ‘The umbratical doctors’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lvii. L. _umbraticus doctor_, a private tutor (Petronius).

=umbratil,= belonging to the shade; private, secluded. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 3 (Compass). L. _umbratilis vita_, a retired, contemplative life (Cicero).

=umbriere,= the movable visor of a helmet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 42; iv. 4. 44; spelt _umberere_, Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 7; bk. viii, ch. 41 (end). O. Prov. _ombriera_, that which gives shade, a tree giving shade (Levy), deriv. of _ombra_, shade, L. _umbra_.

=un-,= negative prefix. Often used where mod. E. has _in-_; as in _un-constant_, _un-firm_, _un-ordinate_; all in Shakespeare. So also North has _un-honest_ for _dis-honest_, _un-possible_, _un-satiable_.

=unavoided,= irrefutable. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Physician).

=unbe,= to cease to be. Nero, iii. 3. 26.

=unbid,= without a prayer. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54.

=unbolted,= unsifted, coarse. King Lear, ii. 2. 71. Cp. _bolt_, ‘to sift flour through a sieve or fine cloth’, in prov. use in the north down to Derbyshire. OF. _buleter_, to sift (Hatzfeld, s.v. Bluter).

=uncandied,= dissolved out of a candied or solid condition, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 115. Cp. _discandy_, Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 22.

=uncape;= ‘I warrant we’ll unkennel the fox. Let me stop this way first—so now uncape,’ Merry Wives, iii. 3. 176. Meaning doubtful. Here are three conjectures: (1) to uncouple (hounds) so Schmidt; (2) to dig out the fox when earthed (Warburton); (3) to turn the fox out of the bag (Steevens).

=uncase,= to undress. L. L. L. v. 2. 707; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 212.

=uncharge,= to acquit from a charge. Hamlet, iv. 7. 68. _Uncharged_, pp., unassailed, Timon, v. 4. 55.

=unchary,= not careful, heedless. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 222.

=unclew,= to unwind from a clew; hence, _fig._ to undo, to ruin. Timon, i. 1. 168.

=uncoined,= not minted; hence, not used as common coin, unconventional, simple. Hen. V, v. 2. 161.

=uncouth,= unknown, unusual, strange, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; iii. 4. 51; Shep. Kal., Sept., 60. Still in prov. use in this sense in the north country (EDD.). ME. _uncouth_, strange, uncommon (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2497). OE. _uncūð_, unknown, strange (John x. 5).

=underfong,= to undertake a work, labour, task; ‘And looser songs of love to underfong’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 22; id., June, 103; to receive, to take surreptitiously, F. Q. v. 2. 7; _underfang_, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 6. ME. _underfongyn_, ‘suscipio’ (Prompt.). OE. _underfōn_, to receive, to undertake a task (B. T.); pp. _underfangen_. See Dict. M. and S. (s.vv. Underfon _and_ Underfangen).

=undergo,= to experience; to endure with firmness, Cymbeline, iii. 2. 7; to suffer, put up with, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 133; to partake of, to enjoy, Meas. for M. i. 1. 24; to take upon oneself, to undertake, Two Gent. v. 4. 42; to be subject to, ‘Claudio undergoes my challenge’, Much Ado, v. 2. 57.

=undermeal,= a slight afternoon meal. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). See EDD. (s.v. Undern). ME. _undermele_, ‘post meridies’ (Prompt. EETS. 508); _undermele tyde_ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 373); _undermeles_, afternoons (Chaucer, C. T. D. 875); _undern_ + _mele_; _undern_, the time between noon and sunset. OE. _undern_. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Undern).

=underset,= to support, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146). ME. _undersettyn_ or underschoryn, ‘fulcio, suffulcio’ (Prompt. EETS.).

=undertaker,= a contractor; ‘Let not the government of the plantation depend upon too many . . . undertakers in the country that planteth’, Bacon, Essay 33; one who takes upon himself a task or business, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 349; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 78. Cp. Othello, iv. 1. 224.

=undertime,= afternoon, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13. For _undern-time_. See =undermeal.=

=underwork,= to work secretly against any one; _underwrought_, pp., undermined. King John, ii. 1. 96.

=uneath, unneath,= scarcely, hardly, with difficulty. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 38; i. 10. 31; i. 11. 4; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 8; _unnethes_, Shep. Kal., Jan., 6. ME. _uneth_ (_unneth_) scarcely (Wars Alex. 2060, 4801), also _unethes_ (_unnethes_), id., 4078, 4437; also in Chaucer, see Glossary. OE. _unēaðe_ (Gen. xxvii. 30). See Dict. M. and S. (s v. Uneaðe).

=unequal,= unjust. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Emp. of the East, v. 2 (Theodosius); Ant. and Cl. ii. 5. 101; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 102; BIBLE, Ezek. xviii. 25 (_unequal_ = Vulg. _pravus_). See Trench, Sel. Gl. See =equal.=

=unexpressive,= inexpressible. As You Like it, iii. 2. 10; Milton, Christ’s Nativity, 116; Lycidas, 176.

=unfolding;= ‘The unfolding star calls up the shepherd’, Meas. for M. iv. 2. 218. The star that by its rising tells the shepherd that it is time to release the sheep from the fold. [So Collins in his Ode to Evening, 72, refers to the evening-star as the _folding-star_, the star rising at folding time: ‘When thy folding-star arising shows His paly circlet’; cp. Shelley in Hellas, 221, ‘The powers of earth and air Fled from the folding star of Bethlehem’.]

=unhappily,= unfortunately, with regret be it said. Meas. for M. i. 2. 160; mischievously, with evil result, Lucrece, 8; evilly, King Lear, i. 2. 157; Sonnet 66.

=unhappy,= mischievous, evil, trickish, All’s Well, iv. 5. 66; ill-omened, Cymb. v. 5. 153; wicked, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, Prologue; waggish, Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 2 (Olympia); unfortunate, Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 22.

=unhatched,= unhacked, not blunted by blows. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 257; _unhatcht_, unmarked, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 5 (Oriana). See =hatched.=

=unhatched,= not hatched, not yet brought to light. Hamlet, i. 3. 65; Othello, iii. 4. 141.

=unhele, unheale,= to uncover. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 64; iv. 5. 10; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (near end). See =heal= (to cover).

=unherse,= to take down (arms) from the ‘hearse’, or temporary stand on which they were placed; part of the ceremony of _baffling_. Spenser, F. Q. v. 3. 37. See =hearse.=

=unhouseled,= without having received the last sacrament. Hamlet, i. 5. 77. Deriv. of ME. _housel_ (P. Plowman, B. xix. 390); OE. _hūsl_ (_hūsel_), the consecrated bread in the Eucharist (Ælfric), Goth. _hunsl_, ‘sacrificium’ (Matt. ix. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Housel).

=unicorn’s horn,= a supposed antidote to poison. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). ‘This beast in countenance is cruell and wilde, and yet notwithstanding mixed with a certaine sweetnes or amiablenes. His horne is of a merveilous greate force and vertue against Venome and poyson,’ Blundevile, Exercises; see Bible Word-Book (s.v. Unicorn).

=unimproved,= not yet used for advantage. Hamlet, i. 1. 96. See =improve.=

=union,= a fine pearl. Hamlet, v. 2. 283; Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 231. Anglo-F. _union_ (Bestiary, 1482); see Rough List; L. _unio_, a single pearl of a large size.

=unjust,= dishonest. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 30; BIBLE, Luke xvi. 8.

=unkind,= unnatural. Spenser, F. Q., iii. 2. 43; King Lear, iii. 4. 73.

=unlast,= _pp._ of _unlace_, to unfasten. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 39.

=unlefull,= forbidden. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 61. See =lefull.=

=unlived,= deprived of life. Lucrece, 1754.

=unmanned,= unaccustomed to man, untamed, as a hawk. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, iii. 2 (Karol); Romeo, iii. 2. 14.

=unmorris’d,= not dressed like a morris-dancer. Fletcher, Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto).

=un-napt,= not provided with nap, as cloth; hence, unfurnished, unprovided. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, i. 1. 17.

=unnethes;= see =uneath.=

=unowed,= unowned. King John, iv. 3. 147.

=unperegall,= unequalled. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iv. 5 (end). See =peregall.=

=unpregnant,= unapt for business. Meas. for M. iv. 4. 23; _unpregnant of_, having no intelligent sense of, Hamlet, ii. 2. 595. See =pregnant= (2).

=unqueat,= unquiet, disquieted. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 65. See =queat.=

=unquestionable,= averse from conversation, uncommunicative. As You Like It, iii. 2. 393.

=unquod,= unusual, strange; ‘Vnquod manor of crueltee’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 59. A contaminated form, see EDD. (s.vv. Uncouth and Unkid). In _unkid_ the _-kid_ = OE. (_ge_)_cȳdd_, contraction of _cȳðed_, pp. of _cȳðan_, to make known. See =uncouth.=

=unready,= not fully dressed. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 39; _to make unready_, to undress, Fletcher, Island Princess, iii. 8. 13. See Nares.

=unrecovered,= irrecoverable. Chapman, Iliad ix, 247.

=unreduct,= unreduced. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1 (Gerardine).

=unreproved,= irreproachable. Chapman, Iliad i, 87; ii, 785.

=unrespective,= devoid of consideration, unthinking. Richard III, iv. 2. 29; used at random, without consideration, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 71.

=unrude,= rough, violent. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum., iv. 1. Cp. the obs. Scottish _unrude_ (hideous, horrible, vile), given in Jamieson (EDD.). ME. _unrüde_ (Stratmann); _unride_ (_unrode_), cruel, rough, wanton (Wars Alex.). OE. _ungerȳde_, rough, violent, cp. _ungerȳdu_, ‘aspera’ (Luke iii. 5).

=unseeled,= not fastened up, opened; applied to the eyes. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cethegus). See =seel.=

=unshed,= not carefully parted; said of hair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. ‘To shed’ is in prov. use in the north country for making a parting in the hair of the head (EDD.). ME. _scheden_, to separate, to part the hair; _schede_, the parting of a man’s hair (Cath. Angl.); OE. _scēada_, the top of the head, parting of the hair, _scēadan_, to part, to make a line of separation between (B. T.). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Scheden).

=unstanched,= (of thirst) insatiable. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 6. 83.

=unsuffered,= insufferable. Chapman, Iliad iii, 6.

=untappice,= to come out of hiding; ‘Now I’ll untappice’, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). See =tappish.=

=untempering,= not having a modifying or softening influence. Hen. V, v. 2. 241; _temper_, to fashion, mould, Richard III, i. 1. 65; Titus, iv. 4. 109. L. _temperare_, to temper, moderate, qualify.

=untented,= not to be probed by a ‘tent’; hence, incurable. King Lear, i. 4. 322. See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2).

=untermed,= interminable, endless. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, iii. 3 (Duke).

=untewed,= not dressed like hemp; hence, not combed out, said of a sheep’s fleece. Lyly, Endimion, ii. 2 (Sir Tophas). See =tew= (2).

=unthrift,= prodigal, wasteful. Timon, iv. 3. 311; a prodigal, good-for-nothing person, Richard II, ii. 3. 122. Cp. the Yorks. expression, ‘He’s a desperate unthrift’, for a thriftless squanderer, a good-for-nothing person (EDD.).

=untraded,= not commonly used. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 178. See =trade.=

=untrussed,= partially undressed, with the laces of his hose untied. Middleton, The Witch, v. 1. 2.

=untwight,= untouched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 345; spelt _ontwight_ (L. _incolumis_), id., ii. 88. See =twight= (2).

=unvalued,= inestimable, invaluable. Richard III, i. 4. 27; Fletcher, Valentinian, i. 2. 19.

=unwappered,= not jaded, not worn out. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 10. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word, ‘Thy horse is wappered out’, i.e. tired out, quite jaded (EDD.).

=unwares,= unawares, unexpectedly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 18; undesignedly, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 62; _at unwares_, unexpectedly, Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 434).

=unwary,= unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 25. The usual ME. form was _unwar_; as in Chaucer, used as an adj. unexpected, and as an adv. unexpectedly.

=unwist,= unknown, unsuspected. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 26. ME. _unwist_, unknown (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1294).

=unwreaken,= unavenged. Tancred and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 86. ME. _wreken_, pp. avenged; _wreke_, to avenge (Chaucer), OE. _wrecan_, pp. _ge_)_wrecen_.

=upbraid,= a reproach; ‘He . . . with his mind had known Much better the upbraids of men’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vi. 389. ME. _upbreyd_, a reproach (Handlyng Synne, 5843). See Dict.

=upbray,= to ‘upbraid’, reproach. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 45. In prov. use in north Yorks. (EDD.).

=uphild,= _pp._ upheld. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 21.

=uppen,= to ‘open’, reveal, relate. Golding, Metam. xii. 162; fol. 145, l. 5 (1603). Cp. the E. Anglian expressions, ‘You didn’t uppen it, did ye? Be sewer don’t uppen it ta nobody’, where ‘uppen’ means to disclose, reveal (EDD.).

=upright men,= ‘vagabonds who were strong enough to be chiefs or magistrates among their fellows; one of the twenty-four orders of beggars’ (Aydelotte, p. 27). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 2; Harman, Caveat (New Shaks. Soc, p. 34).

=upsey,= in the following combinations: _Upsey-Dutch_, in the Dutch fashion, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4 (Subtle), whence the phr. _to drink upsey Dutch_, to drink to excess, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii 1. 3; _Upsey-Freeze_, in the Frisian fashion, The Shrift (Nares); Dekker, Belman; id., Seven Deadly Sins (Nares); _Upsey-English_, in the English way, Beaumont and Fl., Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen). [Cp. ‘Drink upsees out’, in the Soldier’s Song in Scott’s Lady of the Lake, vi. 5.] Du. _op zyn_: _op zyn Engelsch_, after the English fashion (Sewel, s.v. Op). Du. _zyn_ (now spelt _zin_) = G. _sinn_, sense, meaning.

=upsitting,= a festival when a woman sits up after her confinement. Westward Ho, v. 1 (Mist. Tenterhook); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Oldrents); Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valere); ‘_Relevailles d’une femme_, the upsitting’, Cotgrave.

=upspring,= the name of a dance. Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘An Almain and an upspring’, Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Bohemia).

=ure,= operation, action. Esp. in phr. _to put in ure_, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex); Greene. Alphonsus, Prol. (Venus). OF. _ure_, _eure_, L. _opera_, work, action. See Dict.

=ure,= destiny; ‘Wherefore he hathe good ure, That can hymselfe assure Howe fortune wyll endure,’ Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1003. Hence, as vb. _to be ured_, to be invested with as by a decree of fate, ‘Men nowe a dayes so unhappely be uryd’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6. See =eure.=

=usance,= interest paid for money, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 46. A rare meaning of the word; it gen. means the same as ‘usage’. ME. _usaunce_, custom (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 683). Norm. F. _usance_, ‘usage, mise en pratique, exercice d’un pouvoir’ (Moisy).

=uses,= practical applications of doctrines; a term affected by the Puritans, and ridiculed by the dramatists. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 1 (Needle); Massinger, Emp. of the East, iii. 2 (Flaccilla).

=utas,= the period of eight days beginning with a festival; hence, merriment, festivity; ‘Utas of a feest, _octaves_’, Palsgrave; ‘Old utis’ (i.e. high merriment), 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 22. ‘Utis’ still survives in prov. use in Worc. in the sense of noise, din: ‘The hounds kicked up a deuce of a utis’ (EDD.). Anglo-F. _utaves_ (Rough List); L. _octava_ (_dies_), eighth day; for ecclesiastical use see Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Octave). See Dict. (s.v. Utas).

=utter,= to put forth, put in circulation, offer for sale, put on the market. L. L. L. ii. 1. 16; Romeo, v. 1. 67; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 330; Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); Sir T. Elyot, Governour, iii. 30, § 2; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 448. Hence _utterance_, sale, ‘There is no such speedie utterance of rabbets’, Harrison, Descr. of England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 304).

=utterance:= in phr. _to the utterance_, to the last extremity, Macbeth, iii. 1. 72. F. _à outrance_; _combat à outrance_, a fight to the death; deriv. of _outre_, L. _ultra_, beyond.

V

=vacabonde,= a wandering beggar, a ‘vagabond’; ‘Fraternitye of Vacabondes’, Awdeley (title of book, 1565). Norm. F. _vacabond_, ‘vagabond’ (Moisy); F. ‘_vacabonds_, vagabonds, rogues’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.vv. Vagabond _and_ Vagrant).

=vacate,= to annul, to make void, to make of no authority; ‘That after-act vacating the authority of the precedent’, King Charles (Johnson); to render vain, to frustrate, Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 (Dorax). Med. L. _vac_(_u_)_are_, ‘inane, irritum et vacuum efficere’ (Ducange), see Rönsch, Vulgata, 171.

=vade,= to vanish, pass away; ‘Their vapour vaded’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20; ‘How ever gay their blossome or their blade Doe flourish now, they into dust shall vade’, id., v. 2. 40; Ruines of Rome, xx; Shaks. Sonnets, liv. 14; to fade, ‘Upon her head a chaplet stood of never vading greene’, Niccols, Induction, Mirror for Mag. 559 (Nares); Richard II, i. 2. 20.

=vah,= an interjection; ‘No, vah! Fie, I scorn it’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 1 (Eyre).

=vail,= to lower, to let fall; ‘She vailed her eyelids’, Venus and Ad. 956; Hamlet, i. 2. 70; to bow, to stoop, to do homage, Pericles, iv, Prol. 29. ME. _avale_, to lower (Gower, C. A. viii. 1619). Anglo-F. _avaler_, to lower (Gower, Mirour, 10306).

=vails,= _pl._, profits or perquisites that arise to servants besides their salary or wages. Pericles, ii. 1. 163; Dryden, Juvenal, Sat. iii. 311. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Vail, 2). _Vail_ is a shortened form for _avail_. ME. _avayle_, ‘profectus, proventus, emolumentum’ (Prompt. EETS. 17).

=valance,= a fringe of drapery; ‘Rich cloth of tissue and vallance of black silk’, Strype, Eccles. Mem., Funeral Solemnities of Henry VIII; a part of bed-hangings, ‘_Valenzana del letto_, the valances of a bed’, Florio (ed. 1598). Hence _valanced_, fringed, used _fig._ of a beard, Hamlet, ii. 2. 442. See Dict.

=valew,= valour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29; Harington, tr. Ariosto, xiii. 39. F. ‘_valuë_, worth, goodness’ (Cotgr.).

=valiant,= worth, amounting to in value; ‘Four hundred a year valiant, worth £400 a year’, Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 1 (Witgood). F. _vaillant_, ‘a mans whole estate or worth, all his substance, means, fortunes’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _valens_, ‘valor, pretium’ (Ducange).

=vall,= a vale. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 479. F. ‘_val_, a vale’ (Cotgr.).

=vallies,= ‘valise’. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (near the end). See Dict.

=valure,= value, worth. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 506); Pembroke, Arcadia (Nares); Mirror for Mag. 280; hence, _valurous_, valuable, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (Tamb.). See Dict. (s.v. Valour).

=vannes,= _pl._ wings, Milton, P. L. ii. 927. Cp. Ital. _vanni_, ‘the whole wings of any bird’ (Florio).

=vance,= to ‘advance’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 7.

=vantbrace,= the ‘vambrace’, armour for the fore-arm, Milton, Samson, 1121; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 297. F. _avant-bras_, ‘the part of the arm which extends from the elbow to the wrist; also, a vambrace armour for an arm’ (Cotgr.).

=vantguard,= the ‘vanguard’, front rank. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 266. ME. _vaunt-gard_ (Holinshed, Chron. Edw. III, ann. 1346; F. _avant-garde_, ‘the vanguard of an army’ (Cotgr.).

=vapour,= fume, steam; used, like _humour_, to denote a man’s characteristic quality, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii (passim). See full account of this use of the word in Nares (s.v.). Cp. the use of the F. word _vapeurs_. ‘On appelle _Vapeurs_ dans le corps humain, Les affections hypocondriaques & hystériques, parce qu’on les croyoit causées par des fumées élevées de l’estemac ou du bas ventre vers le cerveau’, Dict. de l’Acad. (ed. 1762).

=vardingale,= a ‘farthingale’. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 434. This is the form in Cotgrave (s.vv. Vertugalle and Vertugadin). F. _verdugale_ (Rabelais); ‘sorte de cerceau, panier ou jupon bouffant pour seutenir les jupes’ (Jannet’s Gloss.). Span. _verdugado_, ‘a Petticoat . . . set out below with a small Hoop, below with one wider and so wider and wider down to the Feet, so that it looks exactly like a Funnel’ (Stevens). See =verdugal.=

=vare,= a wand. Dryden, Absalom, 595. Span. _vára_, a wand (Stevens.)

=vastidity,= immensity. Meas. for M. iii. 1. 69.

=vasty,= vast, spacious. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 52.

=vaunt,= the beginning; ‘Our play leaps o’er the vaunt and firstlings of those broils’, Tr. and Cr., Prel. 27. _Vaunt-courier_, a forerunner, King Lear, iii. 2. 25; cp. F. _avant-coureur_, ‘a fore-runner, avant-curror’ (Cotgr.); see =voward.= F. _avant_, before, used of place and time.

=vaut,= to ‘vault’, to leap. Ascham, Scholemaster, 64; Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); hence _vawter_, a ‘vaulter’, tumbler, dancer; used of a wanton woman, Gosson, School of Abuse, 36.

=vease,= a rush, impetus, great effort, force; ‘Forth his vease he set withall’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 962. See EDD. (s.v. Fease, sb. 6). ME. _vese_: ‘Ther-out cam a rage and such a vese that it made al the gates for to rese’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1985); see NED. (s.v. Feeze). See =feeze.=

=vecture,= carrying, conveying, carriage of goods. Bacon, Essay 15, § 11. L. _vectura_, a carrying, conveying, transportation by carriage or ship (Cicero).

=veget,= lively, bright; ‘A veget spark’, Cartwright, The Ordinary, iv. 3 (Shape). L. _vegetus_, lively.

=vegetive,= a vegetable. Pericles, iii. 2. 36; Massinger, Old Law, i (Nares); as adj. ‘The tree still panted in th’ unfinish’d part, Not wholly vegetive, and heav’d her heart’, Dryden, Ovid, Metam. bk. i (Daphne).

=velure,= velvet. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 62; _vellure_, Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gent. v. 1 (Nares). F. _velours_, velvet; cp. O. Prov. _velos_ (Levy), L. _villosus_, shaggy (Virgil); see Hatzfeld.

=velvet-tip,= the down or velvet upon the first sprouting horns of a young deer. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Spadone).

=vena porta,= or _gate-vaine_ (gate-vein), a vein conveying chyle from the stomach to the liver. Bacon, Essay 19, § 11; 41, § 2. L. _vena_, vein; _porta_, gate. See =gate-vein.=

=venditation,= ostentatious display. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxii, Not. 8 (p. 747). L. _venditatio_, an offering for sale, display; _venditare_, to offer again and again for sale.

=venerie,= hunting. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 22. ME. _venerye_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 166). Anglo-F. _venerie_ (Gower, Mirour, 20314).

=Venetians,= Venetian or Venice hose. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344; _Venetian-hosen_ (described), Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 56).

=vengeable,= revengeful, cruel, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 6, § 3; Spenser, ii. 4. 30, 46; terrible, ‘Magdeburg be vengeable fellows’, Ascham, Letter to Raven, 381 (Nares); excessively great, ‘Paulus . . . was a vengible fellow in linking matters together’, Holland’s Camden, p. 78 (Davies); excessively, ‘The drink is vengeable bitter’, Gascoigne, Glasse Gov. v. 1 (ed. 1870). See EDD.

=vent,= a small inn. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess); Shelton, tr. Don Quixote, Pt. I. ii. Span. _venta_, an inn (Stevens). Med. L. _venta_, ‘locus ubi merees venum exponuntur’ (Ducange); _vendita_, see Ducange (s.v. Venda, 1); deriv. of L. _vendere_, to sell.

=vent,= to vend, sell. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1. 8; a sale, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146); Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 27. F. _vente_, sale. See above.

=vent,= to snuff up or take in the air; to perceive by scent. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 118; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75.

=vent,= to let out, emit, Coriolanus, i. 1. 229; to utter, Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 8 (common in Shaks.); to give birth to, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xix. 97.

=ventages,= small holes for the passage of air in a flute or flageolet, to be stopped with a finger. Hamlet, iii. 2. 372.

=ventanna,= a window. Dryden, Conq. of Granada, I. i. 1 (Boabdelin). Span. _ventana_.

=ventilate,= _pp._ discussed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 3. L. _ventilatus_, pp. of _ventilare_, to winnow grain, to toss grain into the air in order to cleanse it from chaff (Pliny).

=ventoy,= a fan. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2. 4. F. ‘_ventau_, a fan’ (Cotgr.).

=ver,= spring. Surrey, Complaint of a Lover, 19 (Tottel’s Misc. 8 and 11); spelt _vere_, ‘The rotys take theyr sap in tyme of vere’, Skelton, On Tyme, 24. O. Prov. _ver_, ‘printemps’ (Levy), L. _ver_.

=verdea wine,= a wine made of a green grape; and sold at Florence. Beaumont and Fl., ii. 1 (Miramont). Ital. _verdéa_, ‘a kind of white pleasant dainty Ladies wine in Tuscany’ (Florio).

=verdugal,= a ‘farthingale’; ‘Stiffe bombasted verdugals’, Florio’s Montaigne (ed. Morley, 1886, p. 273). See =vardingale.=

=verdugo,= a Spanish word for an executioner, a hangman (Stevens); hence, _his Verdugo-ship_, a contemptuous expression for a Spaniard, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face).

=vespillo,= among the Romans, one who carried out the poor for burial; a corpse-bearer. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. I, § 38. L. _vespillo_ (Suetonius).

=vex,= to be grieved about anything. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. 7. In prov. use from Worc. to the Isle of Wight, ‘’Er little girl died, and ’er vex’d and vex’d so’ (EDD.).

=via!,= away!, move on! Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 11; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 3 (Launcelot). Ital. _via_, ‘an adverbe of encouraging, much used by riders to their horses, and by commanders; go on, away, go to, on, forward, quickly’, Florio. See Nares.

=Vice= or =Iniquity,= names for the established buffoon in the old Moralities; ‘How like you the Vice in the Play?’, B. Jonson, Staple of News (ed. 1860, p. 388); ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I moralize’, Richard III, iii. 1. 82. See Schmidt, and Nares (svv. Iniquity and Vice).

=vice,= an iron press with a screw for holding things fast, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 24; to hold one fast as in a ‘vice’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 416. See Dict.

=vide-ruff,= an old card-game; obsolete. Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Cranwell). Prob. _vide_ = _vied_, pp. of _vie_, a term in card-playing; see =vie.=

=vie,= to hazard or put down a certain sum upon a hand at cards; _to revie_, to cover that stake with a larger sum; after which, the first challenger could _revie_ again; and so on. ‘Here’s a trick vied and revied!’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Well-bred); _Vie and revie_, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, § last; see Gifford’s note. See below.

=vie with,= to show in comparison or competition with; ‘So with the dove of Paphos might the crow vie feathers white’, Pericles, iv, Prol. 33. ME. _envỳe_, to show in competition (Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 173, MS. Fairfax). F. _envier_ (au jeu), ‘to vie’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _invitare_ (al giuoco), to vie at any game (Florio); cp. Span. _envidar_, to invite or open the game by staking a certain sum (Neuman). See Dict.

=vild,= vile. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; v. 11. 18. A very common form in Tudor English.

=viliaco,= a scoundrel. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. v. 3 (Sogliardo). Ital. _vigliacco_, ‘a rascal, a scurvy scoundrel’ (Florio).

=vilify,= to hold cheap. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 3 (Forobosco). Late L. _vilificare_ (Tertullian).

=villatic,= belonging to a farm; hence, domestic; ‘Tame villatic fowl’, Milton, Samson, 1695. L. _villaticus_, belonging to a farm. L. _villa_, a country-house, farm.

=vine-dee,= a kind of wine. Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). Supposed to represent F. _vin de Dieu_, or lacrima-Christi.

=viol-de-gamboys,= a bass-viol, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 27. Ital. _viola di gamba_, ‘a violl de gamba’ (Florio). So called because placed beside the leg instead of (like the violin) on the arm. Ital. _gamba_, the leg. See =de gambo.=

=virelay,= a lay or song with a ‘veering’ arrangement of the rimes. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 365. See Nares. F. _virelay_, ‘a virelay, round, freemans song’; _virer_, ‘to veer, turn round’ (Cotgr.).

=virge, verge,= a wand. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 3 (Seriben). F. _verge_, a rod, wand (Cotgr.).

=virginals,= an instrument of the spinnet kind, but made rectangular, like a small pianoforte. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (2 Citizen); Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown). Also called _a pair of virginals_, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, ch. iii. Their name was probably derived from their being used by young girls. Hence, _virginalling_, lit. playing on the virginals, ‘Still virginalling upon his palm!’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 125 (a word coined in jealous indignation). See Nares.

=visage,= to look in the face, gaze on. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, book ii, c. 2, § 3. ‘_I vysage_, I make contenaunce to one, _Ie visaige_’, Palsgrave.

=visitate,= to survey, behold. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 161.

=vively,= in a life-like manner. Marston, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 154. F. _vif_.

=vives;= see =fives.=

=voider,= a basket or tray for carrying out the relics of a dinner or other meal. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo); ‘_Mésciróbba_, any great dish, platter, charger, voider, tray or pan’, Florio; ‘Enter . . . serving-men, one with a voider and a wooden knife’, T. Heywood, Woman Killed with Kindness (The wooden knife emptied the remnants of the food into the ‘voider’); ‘Piers Ploughman laid the cloth and Simplicity brought in the voider’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, i; ‘Voyder, _lanx_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use for a butler’s tray, or a large open basket; in west Yorks. it is the usual word for a clothes-basket (EDD.).

=volary,= a great cage for birds; ‘(she sits) Like the forsaken turtle, in the volary Of the Light Heart, the cage’, B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 (Prudence). Ital. _voleria_, ‘a volery or great cage for birds’ (Florio).

=voley:= phr. _on the voley, o’ the volèe_, inconsiderately. Massinger, Picture, iii. 6. 1; B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Prudence). F. _à la volée_, ‘rashly, inconsiderately, at random, at rovers’; _volée_, flight, _voler_, to fly (Cotgr.). See Nares (s.v. Volée).

=voluptie,= sensual pleasure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § 16; bk. iii, c. 20, § 1. F. _volupté_.

=volvell,= an instrument consisting of graduated and figured circles drawn on the leaf of a book, to the centre of which is attached one movable circle or more; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1517. Fully described by Dyce, ii. 336. Med. L. _volvella_, _volvellum_; from L. _volvere_, to revolve.

=vor, vore;= see =che vor.=

=vorloffe,= ‘furlough’. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (Picklock). Du. ‘_verlof_, leave, consent or permission’ (Hexham); Dan. _forlov_, leave, furlough, cp. G. _verlaub_, leave, permission.

=votaress,= a woman that is under a vow. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 123, 163; _votress_, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 225.

=vote,= an ardent wish, a prayer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iv. 2 (Alcidon); Massinger, Guardian, v. 1 (Severino). L. _votum_, a desire, an ardent longing (Horace).

=voward,= for _vaward_, _vanward_, vanguard, North’s Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 29 (in Shak. Plut., p. 142); id., § 31, p. 147. F. _avant-garde_, vanguard. See =vaunt.=

=vowess,= a widow who made a vow to observe chastity in honour of her deceased husband; ‘In that church (Oseneie) lieth this ladie (Editha, wife of Robert d’Oyly) buried with hir image . . . in the habit of a vowesse’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, p. 74); Leland’s Itinerary (ed. Toulmin Smith, Pt. I, 83, 112, 124). In the church of Shalstone in Bucks. there is a monumental brass to the memory of Susan Kingstone, step-sister of Sir T. Elyot, on which she is described as a ‘vowess’; she died in the year 1540. For the widow’s vow of chastity, see Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 70, footnote); Fosbrooke, British Monachism, 510.

W

=wae;= see =woe.=

=wafer-woman,= a seller of wafer-cakes, freq. mentioned in the dramatists as employed in amorous embassies; ‘Am I not able . . . to deliver a letter handsomely? . . . Why every wafer-woman will undertake it’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, i. 3. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valerio); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Cp. what Chaucer says of _wafereres_ (C. T. C. 479).

=waff,= to wave, waft; ‘He waffes [wafts] an armie out of France’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iii, ch. 18; _waft_, waved, beckoned; Merch. Ven. v. 1. 11. Still in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Waff, vb.^{1} 1), and in the north Midlands (Dr. Henry Bradley). See =waft= (2).

=waft,= a passing smell or taste, a ‘twang’. A Mad World, iv. 3 (near end); spelt _weft_, ‘Ill malting is theft, Wood-dride hath a weft’ (i.e. malt wood-dried has a tang), Tusser, Husbandry, § 84. See EDD. (s.v. Waft, sb.^{1} 3).

=waft,= to wave; ‘Wafts her hand’, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 (Admetus); vol. v, p. 100; to convey by water, King John, ii. 1. 73; 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 116; to invite by a motion of the hand, ‘Whom Fortune with her ivory hand wafts to her’, Timon, i. 1. 70; Hamlet, i. 4. 78; to turn quickly, ‘Wafting his eyes to the contrary’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 372; to float, ‘Satan . . . now with ease wafts on the calmer wave’, Milton, P. L. ii. 1042.

=waftage,= passage by water, Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 11.

=wafture,= the act of waving; ‘With an angry wafture of your hand’, Jul. Caes. ii. 1. 246. See =waft= (2).

=wage,= to stake as a wager; ‘The King hath waged with him six Barbary horses’, Hamlet, v. 2. 154; King Lear, i. 1. 158; to reward with wages, Coriolanus, v. 6. 40; to barter, exchange, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 18; to be opposed in combat, to contend, to strive, ‘To wage against the enmity o’ the air’, King Lear, ii. 4. 212; Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Valerius); iii. 2 (Mar. Claudius).

=wag-halter.= Once a common term for a rogue or gallows-bird, one who is likely to make a halter wag or shake; ‘A wag-halter page’, Ford, The Fancies, i. 2; ‘_Baboin_, a trifling, busie or crafty knave; a crack rope, wag-halter, unhappy rogue, wretchless villain’, Cotgrave.

=wagmoire,= a quagmire. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. ‘Wagmire’ was once in prov. use in Glouc. and Devon (EDD.). From _wag_, to shake, see EDD. (s.v. Wag, 2).

=wagpastie,= a term of contempt; a rogue; ‘A little wagpastie, A deceiver of folkes’, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2.

=wagtail,= a contemptuous term for a profligate woman. Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre); Shirley, Traitor, ii. 1 (Sciarrha).

=waift, weft,= a ‘waif’, a thing cast adrift; used by Spenser of a person, ‘She was flying like a weary weft’, F. Q. v. 3. 27; vi. 1. 18, _wefte_, iii. 10. 36; _waift_, iv. 12. 31.

=wailful,= doleful. Two Gent. iii. 2. 69.

=waistcoat,= a body-dress for a woman, like a man’s waistcoat; sometimes very costly. When worn without an upper dress, it was considered the mark of a profligate woman. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. ii. 3 (Leucippe); Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Livia); Loyal Subject, ii. 4 (Young Archas). Hence _waistcoateer_, a strumpet, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. i. 1 (2 Usher); Wit without Money, iv. 4 (Luce).

=wake,= the feast of the dedication of a church, originally the vigil before the festival; the merry-making in connexion therewith; ‘He haunts wakes, fairs’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 109; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. L. v. 2. 318; _wake-day_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 90. 5. ‘Wake’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for an annual festival and holiday, often connected with the dedication of the parish church; the fair held at such times was also so called, see EDD. (s.v. Wake, sb.^{1} 8). OE. _wacu_, a watch, a vigil; cp. _wacana_ (‘vigilias’) in Luke ii. 8 (Lind.).

=waker,= wakeful. Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover confesseth him (ed. Bell, p. 66); Golding, Metam. xi. 599; fol. 139, bk. (1603). OE. _wacor_, wakeful, vigilant.

=wale:= _the wale of cloth_, the ridge or rib in cloth denoting its quality; ‘Thou’rt rougher far, and of a coarser wale’, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One: Triumph of Honour, sc. i (Sophocles); Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Easy). ME. _wale_, a stripe (Prompt.). OE. _walu_, a weal, mark of a blow (Napier, Glosses).

=wales,= _pl._ springs of water; ‘To cloudes alofte the wales and waters rise’, Mirror for Mag., Domitius Nero, st. 11; Golding, Metam. ii. 11. Probably the same word as _wall_, in prov. use for a spring of water in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Wall, sb.^{2} 1).

=walk the round,= to be one of the watchmen. Massinger, Guardian, iii. 5 (Severino); to act as a watchman, go the round; B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Face).

=walking mort,= a grown-up unmarried whore; often a pretended widow (Cant). Described in Harman’s Caveat, p. 67 (Aydelotte, p. 27); cp. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=wallope,= to gallop. Morte Arthur, leaf 90. 33; bk. v, c. 11. In prov. use in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _walloppyn_, as an hors (Prompt. EETS. 538), Anglo-F. _waloper_, to gallop (see Bartsch, 544. 26); _galoper_ (Rough List).

=walm,= a surge, bubbling up of water. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 87. A north-country word for ‘a bubbling’ (EDD.). OE. _wælm_, surging water (Beowulf).

=walter,= to ‘welter’, roll. Peele, Sir Clyomon, l. 1. Hence _waltering_, a lolling (as snakes’ tongues), Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 267 (211 of Latin text); rolling, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 498 (Latin text). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England and E. Anglia. ME. _walteryn_ (Prompt. EETS. 514).

†=waltsome,= disgusting, heinous; ‘O waltsome murder’, Mirror for Mag., Hastings, st. 30. Probably an intended improvement of ME. _wlatsom_, in an imitation of Chaucer: ‘Mordre is so wlatsom and abhominable’ (C. T. B. 4243). OE. _wlætta_, disgust, nausea (Sweet).

=wamble,= to rumble, to roll, to stir uneasily; used of food in the stomach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool); Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2; ‘_Allecter_, to wamble as a queasie stomach doth’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England north and south, see EDD. (s.v. 1). ME. _wamelyn_ in the stomak, ‘nausio’ (Prompt. EETS. 538). Cp. Dan. _vamle_, to become squeamish, _vammel_, nauseous (Larsen).

=wamentation,= lamentation. Fair Em. i. 2. 73. See =wayment.=

=wan,= a winnowing-fan. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 163, 164; explained as ‘a corn-cleanse _fan_’, id., xxiii. 416. L. _vannus_, a winnowing-fan. See Dict. (s.v. Fan).

=wanhope,= loss of hope, dejection, despair; ‘Wanhope, poor soule on broken anchor sits Wringing his armes, as robbed of his wits’, Glaucus (Nares). Still heard in Lancashire (EDD.). ME. _wanhope_, despair (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249). Cp. Du. ‘_wanhope_, dispaire’ (Hexham).

=waniand:= phr. _in the waniand_, in the waning (moon), i.e. at an unlucky time; ‘He would . . . make them wed in the waniand’, Sir T. More, Wks., p. 306 h. ME. _in the waniand_ (Minot, ed. T. Wright, i. 87); ‘In woo to wonne in the wanyand’ (York Plays, p. 124). OE. _on wanigendum mōnan_ (Leechdoms, i. 320); _wanian_, to lessen, to wane. See Dict.

=wanion:= phr. _with a wanion_, with a vengeance, with ill-luck. Pericles, ii. 1. 17; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 5; Eastward Ho (Nares). In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland. See above.

=want,= to be without, to lack. King John, iv. 1. 99; Coriolanus, i. 3. 90. Very common in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England; ‘We wanted the plague in Scotland, when they had it in England’ (Scoticisms, 105), see EDD. (s.v. Want, vb. 8).

=want,= absence of a person; ‘_His present want_’ (= the present want of him, i.e. his being absent at present), 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 44; Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 17.

=wanty,= a horse’s belly-band; a girth used for securing a load on a pack-horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. Still in prov. use in various parts of England from Yorks. to the Isle of Wight (EDD.). OE. _wamb_ belly + _tīge_, a band.

=wanze away,= to wane, vanish, disappear; ‘And all the things that liked him did wanze away’, Golding, Metam. iii. 501; fol. 38, back (1603); ‘Which wanz’d away againe’ (L. _evanuit_), id., vi. 47. ‘Wanze’ is an E. Anglian word used in the sense of wasting away. ME. _wanson_, ‘or wanyn as the mone, _decresco_’ (Prompt.); OE. _wansian_, to lessen.

=wappe,= to lap, used of the sound of water against the rocks, Morte Arthur, leaf 425. 5; bk. xxi, c. 5.

†=wappened,= over-worn (so Schmidt). Timon, iv. 3. 38. Probably a misprint for _wappered_. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word for tired, fatigued (EDD.). See =unwappered.=

=wapper-eyed,= having quick restless eyes, sore-eyed, blear-eyed. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 528. Still in use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).

=war;= see =warre.=

=ward,= a ‘side’, or compartment of the Counter, or prison. There were two Counters, one in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street. The Counter had three ‘wards’ or ‘sides’, the Master’s side, the Two-penny Ward, and the Hole; and it was not uncommon for the debtors, as their means decreased, to descend gradually from the first to the last. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); v. 7 (Macilente).

=ward,= garrison, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 15; the guard at the gate of a castle, id., iii. 11. 21; custody, prison, ‘To commit one to ward or prison, In custodiam tradere’, Baret, Alvearie; BIBLE, Gen. xl. 3; 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 112; the guard in a prison, Acts xii. 10 (AV. and Wyclif).

=ward,= a guard made in fencing, a posture of defence. Temp. i. 2. 471; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215.

=warden,= a large coarse pear used for baking, Bacon, Essay 46; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 48; by pop. etym. a keeping pear; ‘_Poire de garde_, a warden or winter-pear, a pair which may be kept very long’, Cotgrave; Beaumont and Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, ii. 3 (Dorialus); spelt _wardon_, Palsgrave. ME. _wardon_(_e_ (Prompt. and Cath. Angl.). So named from _Wardon_ (now _Warden_) in Beds. The arms of Wardon Abbey were argent, three warden-pears, or. See Dict. (s.v. Wardon).

=warder,= a staff or truncheon carried by one who presided at a tournament or combat. Richard II, i. 3. 118 (when the ‘warder’ was thrown down, the fight was stopped). ‘They fight; Robert and the Palatine _cast their warders_ between them and part them’, Heywood, Four Prentises (stage-direction); vol. ii, p. 204.

=ware,= to spend money. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 122; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. Very common in the north country; in Yorks. (N. Riding) they say, ‘He wares nowt, for he addles nowt’, see EDD. (sv. Ware, vb.^{1} 9). ME. _waryn_ in chaffare ‘mercor’, (Prompt. EETS. 539, see note, no. 2636). Icel. _verja_, to clothe, to invest money, to spend.

=ware,= to bid any one beware; ‘I’ll ware them to mel’ (i.e. I’ll teach them to beware of meddling), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Parnell); vol. iv, p. 234.

=wareless,= unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 22; unwary, heedless, id., v. 5. 17.

=warison,= gift, recompense. Morte Arthur, leaf 186, back, 35; bk. ix, ch. 22. ME. _warisoun_, requital (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1537); _warysone_ (Prompt. EETS. 516). Norm. F. _guarison_ (_garison_), ‘vivres, moyens de subsistance’ (Moisy, 500).

=warke,= work. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 145; F. Q. ii. 1. 32. A north-country pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Work).

†=warling= (?), in the proverb, ‘Better be an old man’s darling, than a young man’s warling’, Barry, Ram. Alley, ii (Adriana); Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, pp. 80, 130). [In Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 45), ‘snarling’ is the word used instead of ‘warling’.]

=warp.= ‘A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind’ (i.e. working themselves forward—the metaphor is of a ship), Milton, P. L. i. 341. In Scotland used of the flight of a swarm of bees, see EDD. (s.v. Warp, vb.^{1} 9).

=warray,= to harass with war, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 48; Fairfax, Tasso, i. 6. ME. _warray_, to make war (Barbour’s Bruce, see Glossary); _werray_ (Wars Alex. 2495); _werreyen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1544). Anglo-F. _werreier_, to make war (F. _guerroyer_). See Dict. (s.v. War).

=warre:= in phr. _warre old_; ‘But when the world woxe old, it woxe warre old (whereof it hight)’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 31. The meaning is that when the world grew old, it grew _worse_, and that from _warre old_ or _war-old_, the word ‘world’ is derived; cp. Shep. Kal., Sept., 108, ‘They sayne the world is much _war_ then it wont’. The word ‘warre’ (or ‘war’) is in prov. use in the north country and in Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. War, adj.^{1}). ME. _werre_, worse (Ormulum, 4898). Icel. _verr_, adv., _verri_, adj., worse.

=warrie,= gnarled, knotted. Golding, Metam. viii. 743 (fol. 104; 1603); also _warryed_, id., xiii. 799. OE. _wearrig_, having callosities, deriv. of _wearr_, a callosity (Sweet).

=wary,= to curse. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2266. See EDD. (s.v. Wary, vb.^{2}). ME. _warien_, to curse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1619), OE. _wergian_.

=waryish;= see =werish.=

=washical,= ‘what shall I call’; a name for a thing that one does not take the trouble to mention. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Hodge).

=wasp,= used metaph. for a petulant or spiteful person. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 210; Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, iv. 3 (1 Swordsman). So used in Scotland (EDD.).

=wassail,= a drinking-bout, a carouse; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. L. v. 2. 318; Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘A wassail candle’, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 179 (a large candle lighted up at a feast). The word ‘wassail’, well known in Yorks. in connexion with old Christmas ceremonies and festivities; for ample details, see EDD. It was originally a phrase used at a banquet. In Laȝamon, Rowena presents a cup to Vortigern with the words _wæs hail_ (_wassail_), a salutation, meaning ‘be hale, be in good health’. O. Sax. _wes hēl_, be hale: so in the salutation of the Virgin, _hēl wis thu_ = Ave! (Vulgate, Luke i. 28); so also in Anglo-Saxon Gospels, _hāl wes ðu!_ See Dict.

=waster,= a cudgel; ‘The youthes of this citie have used on holy dayes . . . to exercise their wasters and bucklers’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 36); Mad Men of Gotham, 19 (Nares); _to play at wasters_, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 3 (Countryman); Burton, Anat. Mel. (Naros); _to win at wasters_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 3 (Candido); ‘_Bastone_, any kind of cudgel, waster, or club’, Florio.

=Wat,= a name for a hare. Venus and Ad. 697; Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 331; Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use (EDD.). Properly a pet-name for _Walter_ (_Water_).

=watch,= a time-piece, clock. Richard II, v. 5. 52. Probably, a candle marked out into sections, each of which was a certain portion of time in burning, Richard III, v. 3. 63.

=watchet,= pale blue. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 40; Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Bilioso); Drayton, Pol. v. 13. ME. _wachet_, light blue colour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3321). See Dict.

=Water,= a pronunciation of the Christian name Walter, see 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 35. ME. _Wateere_ or _Water_, ‘propyr name of a man, _Walterus_’ (Prompt. EETS. 517, see note, no. 2530). Anglo-F. _Gualtier_ (Ch. Rol. 2039), Norm. F. _Waltier_. Of Teutonic origin, cp. OE. _Wealdhere_ (power + army), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 537.

=water, to lay in;= See =lay= (5).

=water-gall,= a second rainbow seen above the first; a fragment of a rainbow appearing on the horizon; Lucrece, 1588. A Hampshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Water, 1 (50)).

=water-rug,= a rough kind of water-dog (?). Macbeth, iii. 1. 94.

=water-work,= painting executed in water-colour; ‘The German hunting in water-work’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 158.

=wawes,= waves. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 4. ME. _wawe_, a wave (Chaucer, C. T. B. 508); ‘a _wawe_ of the see’ (Wyclif, James i. 6). Icel. _vāgr_, a wave.

=wax:= phr. _a man of wax_, Romeo, i. 3. 76 (as pretty as if he had been modelled in wax); so, _a prince of wax_, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, i. 1 (Megra). Cp. ‘a lad of wax’, ‘a man of wax’, in prov. use in Durham and west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Wax, sb.^{2} 4), where the expressions are associated with the vb. _wax_ (to grow).

=waxen,= _pr. pl._, they increase. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 56. The ME. pres. pl. in the Midland dialect. For the geographical area of the pres. pl. in _n_, _sn_, see Wright’s English Dialect Grammar, § 435.

=way,= to go on one’s way, to journey; ‘As they together wayd’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 12.

=way,= to ‘weigh’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 46; ‘Full many things so doubtfull to be wayd’, id., iv. 1. 7; to esteem, ‘All that she so deare did way’, id., vii. 6. 55.

=wayment,= to lament. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 16. ME. _waymenten_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 230). Norm. F. _guaimenter_, _waimenter_: ‘Les virgines d’els ne guaimenterent’ (Ps. lxxvii. 69, ed. Michel, 111); see Moisy.

=wealth,= welfare, prosperity. Merch. Ven. v. 1. 249; Hamlet, iv. 4. 27; ‘The thinges that shuld have bene for their welth’ (AV. welfare), Ps. lxix. 23 (A.D. 1539); ‘wealth, peace and godliness’, Prayer Book (Collect for King). ME. _welthe_, prosperity, well-being (Gower, C. A. ii. 1207).

=weanell;= see =wennel.=

=wear,= the fashion, that which is worn; ‘It is not the wear’, Meas. for M. iii. 2. 78.

=wearish;= see =werish.=

=weather:= phr. _To make fair weather_, to conciliate another with fair words, Much Ado, i. 3. 25; 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 30. Cp. the proverb, ‘Two women placed together make foul weather’, Hen. VIII, i. 4. 22.

=weather-fend,= to ‘defend’ from the weather. Tempest, v. 1. 10.

=weave,= to float backwards and forwards; ‘Amidst the billowes beating of her, Twixt life and death long to and fro she weaved’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 10. See EDD.

=weaver,= a fish, having sharp spines; the _Trachinus draco_, or _T. vipera_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 167. Cp. ME. _wivere_, a serpent (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1010); Anglo-F. _wivre_, a serpent, viper; esp. in blazon; L. _vipera_, a viper; see Dict. (s.v. Wyvern).

=web and pin,= a disorder of the eyesight. King Lear, iii. 4. 122; _pin and web_, i. 2. 291. From _web_, a film; and _pin_, a small spot. In E. Anglia ‘web’ is used for a film over the eye, see EDD. (s.v. Web, 4).

=weel,= a wicker trap or basket used for catching eels, &c. Heywood, Anna and Phillis, vol. vi, p. 309; Tusser, Husbandry, § 36, st. 31. In gen. prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).

=weeld,= the ‘weald’ of Kent; ‘I was born and lerned myn englissh in Kente in the weeld’, Caxton, Historyes of Troye, preface. See Dict. (s.v. Weald).

=ween,= to suppose, think; _wend_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 11. ME. _wenen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1655); OE. _wēnan_.

=Weeping Cross.= Nares notes that there were at least three crosses so named, near Oxford, Stafford, and Shrewsbury respectively. _To come home_ (or _return_) _by Weeping Cross_, to repent of an undertaking, Lyly, Euphues, p. 243.

‘He that goes out with often losse, At last comes home by Weeping Crosse,’

Howell, Eng. Prov.; Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 22).

=weerish;= see =werish.=

=weesel,= weasand, windpipe. Peele, David, ed. Dyce. p. 465, col. 2. Spelt _wizzel_, Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). Cp. Bavarian dial. _waisel_, the gullet of animals that chew the cud (Schmeller).

=wee’st heart,= woe is the heart (of me)! Congreve, Love for Love, ii. 1 (Nurse). ‘Wae’s t’ heart,’ ‘Wae’s heart of me,’ are Yorks. exclamations; ‘Wae’s my heart’ is of frequent occurrence in Scottish poetry, see EDD. (s.v. Woe, 2).

=weet,= wet; ‘Till all the world is weet’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33. This is a common pronunc. of ‘wet’ in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _weet_, wet (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4107). OE. _wǣt_.

=weet,= to know, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 6. Fairfax, Tasso, v. 86. This is a northern pronunc. of ‘wit’ (to know), see EDD. (s.v. Wit, vb.). ME. _wetyn_, to know (Prompt. EETS. 545).

=weft,= see =waft= and =waift.=

=wefte,= abandoned, avoided, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 36.

=weird:= in phr. _the weird sisters_, used of the three witches, as foretelling destiny, Macbeth, iv. 1. 136. The expression is taken from Holinshed’s Chronicle of Scotland; it was used by Gawin Douglas (Virgil, 80, 48) for the Parcae or Fates; ‘_Cloto, una de tribus parcis quae finguntur regere vitam hominis, anglice_, one of the thre Weyrde systers’, Pynson’s Ortus Vocabulorum (ed. 1509). See Grimm, Teut. Myth. 407. See =werd.=

=weld,= to wield, govern. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 32; vi. 8. 11; Shep. Kal., Oct., 40; to wield, to carry, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 4. 35; _to weld oneself_, to erect oneself, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 699 (L. _se tollit_). ME. _welden_, to wield, to control (Chaucer, C. T. D. 271), to move with ease (C. T. D. 1947).

=welk,= to fade, to grow dim (of the sun in the west). Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 23; to cause to grow dim, ‘But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the day’, Shep. Kal., Nov., 13. Cp. prov. use of ‘welk’ in the sense of to fade, to wither (used of plants, see EDD., s.v. Welk, vb^{1}). ME. _welke_, to wither (Chaucer, C. T. D. 277). Cp. G. _welken_, to wither.

=welked,= withered, faded; ‘Her wealked face with woful teares besprent’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 12. ME. _welked_, withered (Chaucer, C. T. D. 277).

=welked,= curved, twisted, applied to horns; ‘Welked horns’, Golding’s Ovid, occurring three times, pp. 60, 107, and 122 (ed. 1603); ‘Hornes welkt and waved like the enraged Sea’, King Lear, iv. 6. 71; ‘And setting fire upon the welked shrouds’ (i.e. the curved clouds), Drayton, Barons’ Wars, vi. 39 (Nares).

=welkin,= the sky; ‘Look on me with your welkin eye’ (i.e. heavenly or sky-blue eye), Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 136. ME. _welken_, the sky (Chaucer, Hous F. iii. 1601). OE. _wolcen_, a cloud, also _wolcnan_, clouds. Cp. G. _wolke_, a cloud.

=well-a-near,= alas!, alack-a-day!;

‘The poor lady shrieks, and well-a-near, Does fall in travail with her fear,’

Pericles, iii, Prol. 51; Look about You, sc. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 397. An obsolete north-country exclamation—written _well-aneer_ and _well-an-ere_ (EDD.).

=well-liking,= in good condition, plump, L. L. L. v. 2. 268; ‘They . . . shalbe fatt and well lykenge’, Ps. xcii. 13 (Great Bible, 1539).

=well said!,= really meaning ‘well done!’, Westward Ho, ii. 2 (Birdlime). Common.

=Welshman’s hose.= Nares takes this to mean ‘no hose at all’, as denoting something non-existent or wholly indefinite; but perhaps the Welshman of the phrase was accused of wearing his ‘hose’ hind part before; ‘The lawes wee did interprete and statutes of the land, Not truely by the texte, but newly by a glose: And wordes that were most playne, when they by us were skand, Wee tourned by construction to a Welshman’s hose’, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 15.

=wend;= see =ween.=

=wennel,= a weaned animal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20, 28; ‘A lamb or a kid or a weanell wast’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 198 (_weanell wast_ prob. means ‘a stray weanling’). ‘Wennel’ is an E. Anglian word for a weaned calf (EDD.).

=went,= a path, a way; ‘Tract of living went’ (i.e. trace of living way, of any way which living men use), Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; v. 4. 46; v. 6. 3. ‘Went’ in many applications is in prov. use in many parts of Great Britain; see EDD. ME. _wente_, a way, passage (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 787).

=werd,= fate, destiny; ‘The wofull werd’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 63. In prov. use in this sense in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Weird, 1). ME. _werd_, fate, destiny (Wars Alex. 3247); _werdis_, destinies (Barbour’s Bruce, ii. 329). OE. _wyrd_, fate, destiny; _Wyrde_, the Fates. Parcae, The Weird Sisters (B. T.). Icel. _Urðr_ (in poetry), one of the Norns, see Grimm, Teut. Myth, 405. See =weird.=

=werish,= tasteless, insipid; ‘Dawcockes, lowtes, cockescombes and blockhedded fooles were . . . said _betizare_ to be as werishe and as unsavery as beetes’, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 85; ‘Werysshe as meate is that is nat well tastye, _mal savouré_’, Palsgrave; _wearish_, weak, delicate, puny, sickly-looking, ‘A wretched wearish elfe’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 34; _weerish_, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 62; _waryish_, Golding, Metam. ii. 776. See Nares (s.v. Wearish). In prov. use, in many forms, in various parts of Great Britain, see EDD. (s.v. Wairsh).

=werwolf,= a man changed into a wolf by enchantment; ‘She made hym seuen yere a werwolf’, Morte Arthur, leaf 397, 17; bk. xix, c. 11; _warwolf_, Drayton, Man in the Moon, 13. ME. _werwolf_ (Will. of Palerne, 80), MHG. _werwolf_, a man-wolf; cp. Med. L. _gerulphus_ (Ducange), OF. _garou_, cp. F. _loup-garou_ (Hatzfeld). See Dict.

=wetewold,= a ‘wittol’, a contented cuckold. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 187; Assembly of Gods, 710 (see Notes by Dyce, on Skelton, ii. 305). See =wittol.=

=wet finger:= phr. _with a wet finger_, easily, readily. Beaumont and Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, iv. 3 (Citizen); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 5; id., Gul’s Hornbook; Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 95; see Word-List). It prob. means as easy as turning over the leaf of a book, or rubbing out writing on a slate with a wet finger, or tracing a lady’s name on the table with spilt wine (Farmer).

=wethering,= weathering, seasoning due to exposure to weather. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 24). In prov. use in Norfolk, see EDD. (s.v. Weather, vb. 8).

=wexing,= waxing (as the moon). Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 4. ME. _wexe_, to grow (Wyclif, Matt. xiii. 30).

=wharrow,= a little instrument fixed on a spindle for the string of the ‘turn’ to run in; a small pulley on a spindle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 298. See passage from Guillim’s Display of Heraldry (ed. 1724, p. 300), quoted in EDD. (s.v.). Cognate with OE. _hweorfa_, the ‘whorl’ which helps to turn the spindle (B. T.).

=what,= whatsoever thing; ‘Such homely what as serves the simple clowne’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 7; ‘Come downe and learne the little what that Thomalin can sayne’, Shep. Kal., July, 31.

=whelk,= a pimple, blotch. Hen. V, iii. 6. 108. A Derbyshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Whelk, sb.^{2}). ME. _whelke_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 632).

=when,= (?) an exclamation of impatience. Short for ‘_when_ will you do what is bidden you?’, Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); iv. 2 (Bosola). Common.

=whe’r,= whether. Often spelt _where_. Tempest, v. 1. 111; King John, i. 1. 75.

=where,= whereas; wherever; whence. L. L. L. ii. 1. 103; Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 93; Hen. V, iii. 5. 15.

=whereas,= where that, where. 2 Hen. VI, i. 2. 58; Pericles, i. 4. 70. Not uncommon.

=where-some-ere,= wheresoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 2. G. _Wheresomever_ is heard in Lanc. (EDD.).

=wherrit, whirrit,= a blow, a thump, a smart box on the ear. Fletcher, Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet); ‘A whirret on the eare’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes’ (Nares). Still in prov. use in the north (EDD.).

=wherry;= see =whirry.=

=whether,= which of the two. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 352, ‘Whether of them twayne’, Tyndale, Matt. xxi. 31.

=whether whether were,= which was which. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 10.

=whether,= whither. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 35.

=whew,= to whirl, to hurry; ‘I whew it away’, Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 4. 7. So in the Lake country, ‘He whew’d his clog throo t’window’, see EDD. (s.v. Whew, vb.^{2} 2).

=whiblin,= a trick, device. Marston, Insatiate Countess, ii. 2 (Rogero). Cp. =quiblin.= Cp. the obsolete Dorset word ‘whibble’, to lie (EDD.).

=whiblin,= an impotent creature; a term of contempt. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). See =whimling.=

=whids,= words; _to cut bene whids_, to speak good words (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). [_A rousing whid_, a great lie, Burns, Death and Dr. Hornbook, st. 1.] The Slang Dict. (1874) says that _whid_ for a ‘word’ or a ‘falsehood’ is modern slang from the ancient cant.

=whiff,= a special way of taking tobacco; ‘Capers, healths, and whiffs’, Marston, What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure); _taking the whiff_, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, Character of Shift (prefixed to the play).

=whiffler,= an officer who clears the way for a procession. Henry V, v, chorus, 12; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 523. ‘Whifflers’ (fifers) usually went first in a procession; the term was then applied to those who went forward (without any musical instrument) to clear the way for the procession of a sovereign or of a city corporation. See Nares; and EDD. (s.v. Whiffle, vb.^{1} 1 (2)).

=whiffler,= a puffer of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Chough).

=whig,= whey, sour milk, buttermilk. Greene, Description of the Shepherd, l. 29; ed. Dyce, p. 304. Cp. the Linc. expression, ‘As sour as whig’ (EDD.).

=whigh-hie, wi-hee,= a sound imitative of the neighing of a horse. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Sogliardo); Fletcher, Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Bomby). Hence, _wyhee_, v., to neigh; Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Dondolo).

=while,= until. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.). Macbeth, iii. 1. 44; Richard II, i. 3. 122; see Schmidt. Very common in the north, also in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. While, 6).

=whiles,= until; ‘Whyles tomorowe’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 83; Twelfth Nt. iv. 3. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Whiles, 4).

=whimling= (a term of contempt), a poor creature. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Mother). Probably the same word as ‘wimbling’, also written ‘whimbling’, used in the Midlands of plants that are long, thin, and of feeble growth, see EDD. See =whiblin= (2).

=whimp,= to whimper; ‘Wil whympe and whine’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 77). Cp. the prov. words ‘wimp’ and ‘whimper’ in EDD.

=whip,= to move quickly. Sackville, Induction, st. 5; Much Ado, i. 3. 63; _to whip out_, to draw out quickly, ‘He whips his rapier out’, Hamlet, iv. 1. 10. See EDD.

=whip-cat,= drunken; ‘_Whip-cat_ bowling’, drunken emptying of bowls, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 367. See Halliwell. In Worc. a ‘whip-cat’ means a farmer’s feast after bean-setting, see EDD. (s.v. Whip, 1 (4)); ‘To whip the cat’, to get tipsy (Halliwell).

=whip-her-ginney,= the name of a game of cards. Mentioned in Taylor’s Works (Nares). Spelt _whip-her-jenny_, ‘a game at cards, borrowed from the Welsh’, Halliwell.

=whip-her-jenny,= a term of contempt, Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Coomes); Halliwell.

=whip-jack,= a sham sailor who begs. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); used as a term of reproach generally, ‘One Boner, a bare whippe Jacke for lucre of money toke upon him to be thy father’, Bp. Ponet in Maitland on Reformation, p. 74. [‘Sir Charles Grandison is none of your gew-gaw whip-jacks that you know not where to have’, Richardson, Grandison, vi. 156.] See Davies.

=whipstock,= the handle of a whip. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 28; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 95. Also, a carter; as a term of abuse, Tomkis, Albumazar, iv. 4 (end). The equivalent term _whipstalk_ occurs in the Spanish Tragedy (Nares).

=whirlbat,= a ‘cestus’, or weighty boxing-glove. Dryden, Pref. to Fables, § 3 from end. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, viii. 285; written _whoorlbat_, id., Iliad xxiii, 538. See Davies (s.v. Whirly-bat).

=whirlpit,= a whirlpool. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 223; Sandys, Paraph. Exod. xv; Marmyon’s Fine Companion; Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares).

=whirlpool,= a sea-monster of the whale kind; perhaps the cachalot or sperm-whale, which is distinguished from other whales by its peculiar manner of blowing; ‘A whale or a whirlepoole’, BIBLE, Job xli. 1 (marginal rendering of Leviathan); Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 23; ‘_Tinet_, the Whall tearmed a Horlepoole or Whirlepoole’, Cotgrave; Holland’s Pliny, bk. ix, ch. 3; spelt _wherlpoole_, Drayton, Pol. xx. 100; _wherpoole_, id., xxv. 174. See Wright, Bible Word-Book.

=whirry,= to whirl along, to whirl away, to hurry off, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 611; _wherry_, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Agripyne); _whurry_, Taylor’s Works (Nares); _whorry_, Herrick, To Bacchus, a Canticle. See EDD. (s.v. Whirry, vb. 3).

=whisket,= a pandaress, The London Chanticleers, sc. 2 (Jenniting).

=whiskin,= a wanton person, Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 (Secco); a pandaress, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Steward). See =pimp-whiskin.=

=whist,= to keep silence; ‘They whisted all’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; ‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; put to silence, ‘So was the Titanesse put downe and whist’, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 59; as adj., still, silent, ‘Where all is whist and still’, Marlowe, Hero and L. (Nares); ‘All the companie must be whist’, Holinshed, Desc. of Ireland (ed. 1808, p. 67); ‘The winds with wonder whist’, Milton, Hymn Nat. 64; _whistly_, silently, Arden of Feversham, iii. 3. 9. ME. _whist!_ (Wyclif, Judges xviii. 19). See =whust.=

=whister,= a blow; _Whisterpoop_, a smart blow or smack on the ear or ‘chops’, London Prodigal, ii. 1. 68 [A Linc., Somerset, and Devon word (EDD.)]; _Whistersnefet_, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 72 [Cp. _whistersniff_, a Hampshire word (EDD.)]. See Davies.

=white,= the central circle on an archery butt. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186; ‘_Blanc_, the white or mark of a pair of butts; _Toucher au blanc_, to strike the white, to hit the nail on the head’, Cotgrave.

=white,= used in expressions of endearment: _white boy_; ‘Such a brave sparke as you, that is your mother’s white boy’, Two Lancashire Lovers (Nares); Knight of the Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Ford, ’Tis Pity, i. 3; Yorkshire Tragedy, iv. 120; Two Angry Women, iii. 2 (Mall); ‘I shall be his little rogue and his white villain’, Return from Parnassus, ii. 6 (end).

=whitemeat,= food made of milk, eggs, bread, and the like. Northward Ho, i. 2 (Philip); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 1 (Fallace); used attrib. and metaph., ‘Your whitemeat spirit’, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. II, sc. 2. 13.

=white money,= silver coin. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea). In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1. 160).

=white-pot,= a dish made of milk, eggs, and sugar, &c., boiled in a pot. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 299; Spectator, No. 109, § 4. ‘Whitpot’ is the name of a favourite dish in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1 (64)). See Nares.

=white powder,= a white kind of gunpowder. It does not appear to have existed; but there was a theory that a white gunpowder would explode without noise. Discussed by Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. ii, ch. 5, sect. 5. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Laverdine). See Nares.

=whiting-mop,= a young whiting. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, ii. 2; metaph. a fair lass, Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2. So _whiting_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 223.

=whiting-time,= bleaching-time. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 140.

=whitleather,= white leather, leather dressed with alum, and very tough. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘In thy whitleather hide’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless).

=whitster,= a bleacher of linen. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 15; Pepys, Diary, Aug. 12, 1667; _whitstarre_. Palsgrave. ‘Whitster’s Arms’ is still a common alehouse sign in Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _whytestare_, ‘candidarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 526, see note, no. 2565). See Bardsley’s Surnames, 328, 329.

=whittle,= a small clasp-knife. Timon, v. 1. 183; Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 (Francisco). In gen. prov. use in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. Whittle, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _thwitel_, a knife (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3933), deriv. of _thwiten_, to pare or cut little pieces from a thing; OE. _þwītan_, to cut out, cognate with Icel. _þveit_, a piece of land, common in place-names in the north of England, e.g. Seathwaite, Langthwaite, Postlethwaite.

=whittled,= drunk, intoxicated. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2 (Lucio); _whitled_, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 498, l. 4. See Nares. Given as an obsolete prov. word in use in the north of England (EDD.). Cp. the slang term ‘cut’ for tipsy, somewhat drunk, see EDD. (s.v. Cut, ppl. adj.).

=whome,= home; ‘He wil paye whome’, Latimer, pref. to 2 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 48). So pronounced in Wilts. and Shropshire; in north Devon ‘whum’, see EDD. (s.v. Home).

=whoobub,= hubbub. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 629; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 5. (or 6) 35; _whobub_, Beaumont and Fl., iv. 1 (Soto).

=whoop!,= an exclamation. King Lear, i. 4. 245; Hence, _to whoop_, ‘The shepheard whoop’d for joy’, Drayton, Shepherd’s Garland; ‘We are whoop’d’ (i.e. cried ‘whoop’ upon), Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio).

=whoorlbat;= see =whirlbat.=

=whorry;= see =whirry.=

=who-some-ere,= whosoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1. 15. So also _where-some-ere_, wheresoever, id., i. 2. 6. A parallel formation to _whosoever_, with the Icel. conj. _sem_ (Norw. dial., Danish and Swedish _som_), as, that, sec EDD. (s.v. Howsomever).

=whot, whott,= hot. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 58; ii. 5. 18.

=whule,= to cry plaintively, to whine, howl. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 135; Palsgrave, p. 785. A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Whewl).

=whurry;= see =whirry.=

=whust,= to keep silence; ‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 1; to leave anything unsaid, ‘The libertie of an hystorie requireth that all shoulde bee related and nothing whusted’, Holinshed’s Chronicles (Nares); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 357. See =whist.=

=wicker,= pliant; ‘Bird! how she flutters with her wicker wings!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Æglamour).

=widow,= to endow with a widow’s right, to jointure. Meas. for M. v. 6. 153.

=widowhood,= a widow’s right, a jointure. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 125.

=wigher,= to neigh as a horse. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Dindimus). Cp. G. _wiehern_, to neigh.

=wight, wyght,= active. Morte Arthur, leaf 172, back, 30; bk. ix, c. 4; ‘Wyght or stronge, _fort_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91. In prov. use in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _wight_, active (Chaucer, C. T. B. 3457). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Wight).

=Wild:= _the Wild of Kent_, the Weald of Kent, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 60; ‘I was borne in the wylde of Kent’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 268). In EDD. we find that the Weald of Sussex is always spoken of as _The Wild_ by the people who live in the Downs, and the inhabitants of the Downs call the dwellers of ‘The Wild’ _the wild people_. ‘The Wild of Surrey’ is described in Marshall’s Review (1817, v. 355). The same word as the adj. ‘wild’, see Dict. (s.v. Weald).

=wildered,= bewildered. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 682. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=wilding,= a crab-apple. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Maudlin); Warner, Albion’s England, iv. 20. Still in prov. use in the Midlands and in the west country (EDD.).

=will,= to desire, signify one’s will to. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Arundel), ed. Dyce, p. 188; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 50.

=willow,= worn as an emblem of unhappy love. Much Ado, ii. 1. 194, 225; ‘Wear the willow garland’, 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 100; ‘A green willow must be my garland’, Othello, iv. 3. 50.

=wilsome, wylsome,= wandering, devious; ‘Wylsome wayes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 124. 11; bk. vii, c. 22. In Scotland ‘wilsome’ is used in the sense of bewildered, lonely, dreary, desolate; see EDD. (s.v. Will, adj. 1 (3)). ME. _wylsum_: ‘Mony wylsum way he rode’ (Gawayne, 689); _wilsom_ (Wars Alex. 4076, 5565). Icel. _villr_, bewildered, erring, astray.

=wimble,= quick, lively, active. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Feliche). In prov. use in the north of England and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Wimble, adj.).

=winbrow,= an eyebrow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 12. Low G. _winbrāwe_, an eyebrow (Lübben); cp. OHG. _wintbrāwa_, _wintbrā_, _winbrā_, an eyebrow (Schade).

=windlace,= a winding or circuitous way; ‘By slie driftes and windlaces aloofe’, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 46; ‘Fetching a windlesse’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 270); _windlasses_, pl., Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; spelt _winlas_, Golding, Metam. vii. 784 (= L. _gyrum_).

=windore,= a window. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 59; Diogenes, § 120; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 369. Still heard in Glouc. (EDD.).

=window-bars,= lattice-work, cross-work of narrow bands across a woman’s bosom. Timon, iv. 3. 116.

=wind-sucker,= a kestrel; used _fig._ for a covetous person. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, i (end). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Wind, sb.^{1} 1 (40)). See Nares.

=winlas;= see =windlace.=

=winter-ground,= to cover up in the ground so as to protect plants from the winter; ‘Furr’d moss . . . To winter-ground thy corse’, Cymbeline, iv. 2. 229.

=wirt,= a smart box on the ear. North, Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 6 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 112). See =wherrit.=

=wis;= see =iwis.=

=wish,= to commend one to another. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 113; Match at Midnight, iv. 1 (Sim).

=wishly,= with eager desire; ‘To putte on his spectacles and pore better and more wishely with his olde eyen on Saynt Johns ghospell’, Sir T. More, Works, p. 1134 (Richardson); Palsgrave, p. 613.

=wisket,= a small basket; ‘Wysket, _sportula_’, Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in various parts of England; see EDD.

=wistly,= attentively, observingly; ‘She . . . wistly on him gazed’, Lucrece, 1355; Venus and Ad. 343; Passionate Pilgrim, 82; Richard II, v. 4. 7. Perhaps the same word as _whistly_, silently, and so, with mute attention. See =whist.=

=wit:= _The five wits_, the five faculties of the mind, common sense, imagination, fancy, estimation, memory, Much Ado, i. 1. 67; Sonnet cxli, 9. See Nares.

=wit,= to know. Greene, James IV, iv. 2. 3; Pericles, iv. 4. 31; 1 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 16. ME. _witen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1324). OE. _witan_. See =wist, wot.=

=wite,= to blame. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 16; Shep. Kal., Aug., 136; _wite_, blame, F. Q. vi. 3. 16. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _witen_ (_wyten_), to blame, reproach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 825), OE. _wītan_.

=with, wyth,= a twisted band of willow; ‘A wyth take him!’ (i.e. hang him—said of an Irishman), Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iii. 2 (1 Servant); ‘An Irish Rebell condemned, put up a Petition to the Deputie, that he might be hanged in a With, and not in an Halter, because it had beene so used with former Rebels’, Bacon, Essay 39. In prov. use; see EDD. (s.v. With, sb.^{1}). See Dict. (s.v. Withy).

=withal= = with, as placed at the end of the sentence. As You Like It, iii. 2. 328; used in the sense of likewise, besides, at the same time, BIBLE, 1 Kings xix. 1; Ps. cxli. 10; Acts xxv. 27; ‘Though he be merry, yet withal he’s honest’, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 25; Bacon, Essay 58; phr. _to do withal_, ‘They fell sick and died: I could not do withal’ (i.e. I could not help it), Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72; Northward Ho, iv (Doll); Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 2 (Urse). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=withdrawing-chamber,= (the modern) drawing-room. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 24).

=witness,= a sponsor in Baptism, a godfather or godmother. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); Magn. Lady, iv. 3. 16. So in Devon (EDD.).

=wittol,= a tame cuckold knowing himself to be so. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 3; B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 1 (Mosca); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 2 (Gomere); ‘_Jannin_, a wittall, one that knows and bears with or winks at his wife’s dishonesty’, Cotgrave. Bp. Hall uses the form _witwal_, which may be the older form, ‘Fond wit-wal, that wouldst load thy witless head With timely horns before thy bridal bed’ (Sat. i. 7. 17). The word orig. was a name for the green woodpecker, ‘_Godáno_, a witwall, a woodwall’, Florio. The ‘witwall’, like the cuckoo, was the subject of ribald jests. In Cheshire and Glouc. ‘witwall’ is a name for the woodpecker; in Suffolk a contented cuckold is called a ‘wittol’; see EDD. See =wetewold.=

=wizzel,= weasand, windpipe. The City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). See =weesel.=

=woe,= sad, sorrowful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 53; Temp. v. 1. 139; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 73. In the north country very common in prov. use, pronounced _wae_: ‘I would be wae for the wife’s sake’, see EDD. (s.v. Woe, 3).

=woman-tired,= henpecked; ‘Thou art woman-tired, unroosted by thy dame Partlet here’, Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 74.

=wondered,= gifted with power to perform miracles; ‘So rare a wonder’d father’, Temp. iv. 1. 123.

=wone, won,= spellings of one; ‘Let no suche a wone prepare unto himself manye horsses’; Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 32); ‘Att _won_ houre’, Tyndale, Rev. xviii. 10 (1526). So also _wons_, once; Qu. Elizabeth, tr. of Boethius, bk. i, met. 3. See Index to Wright’s English Dialect Grammar (s.v. One).

=wonne,= to dwell. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; iii. 1. 2; _wonned_, pt. t. Shep. Kal., Sept., 181; _woon_, pr. t. subj. dwell, may dwell; Virgil’s Gnat, 18. ME. _wone_, to dwell (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1573), OE. _wunian_, to dwell.

=wonne,= dwelling, habitation. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 20 ME. _wone_, a dwelling (P. Plowman, C. iv. 141).

=wood,= mad, furious with rage or temper. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 192; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 35. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England down to Linc. (EDD.). ME. _wood_, mad (Chaucer, C. T. A. 184). OE. _wōd_.

=wood-bind,= woodbine. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Cornelio); _wood-bind tree_, id., iv. 2 (Felice); Drayton, Pol. xv. 152. ME. _wodebynde_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1508). OE. _wudebinde_ (Voc. 137. 5).

=woodcock,= a simpleton. Much Ado, v. 1. 158. Because a woodcock was easily caught in nets set for it at twilight in glades; cp. =cockshut.= ‘Go, like a woodcock, And thrust your neck i’ the noose’, Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, iv. 4 (Theodore).

=wooden dagger.= Such a dagger was worn not only by the ‘Vice’, or buffoon in old plays, but also sometimes by the domestic fool; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Longueville). For ‘dagger of _lath_’, see Twelfth Night, iv. 2. 136. _A wooden dagger_ could also be used as a crumb-scoop, to clear the table of fragments after a meal; see Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 1 (Mercer).

=woodquist,= a wood-pigeon, ring-dove; ‘A Stock-dove or woodquist’, Lyly, Sapho, iv. 3. 3. Also _quist_ (_queest_); ‘_Phavier_, a Ringdove, Queest, Coushot, Woodculver’, Cotgrave. [With _phavier_, cp. O. Prov. _colom favar_, ‘pigeon ramier’ (Levy)]. ‘Quist’ (‘queest’), a wood-pigeon, is in prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Queest).

=woodsere,= the time of year when there is little sap in a tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 53. 15, § 51. 6. (The time meant has been said to be between Midsummer and Michaelmas; it was thought that wood cut at that season would not grow again.) In E. Anglia the word ‘wood-sere’ is used for the month or season for felling wood, see EDD. (s.v. Wood, sb. 1 (34 b)).

=woodspeck,= a woodpecker. Golding, Metam. xiv. 314 (L. _picum_); fol. 171 (1603); _Specke_ is a Norfolk word for the woodpecker (EDD.). Cp. Du. _specht_, a woodpecker (Hexham). G. _specht_.

=Wood Street,= the Compter prison in Wood Street, London. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer). See Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 111).

=woolfist,= a puff-ball. Wily Beguiled, Prologue. For _wolf-fist_; Gk. L. _lycoperdon_, which has the same sense; see Weigand, Germ. Dict. (s.v. Bofist).

=woolward:= in phr. _to go woolward_, i.e. in wool only, without linen, often enjoined as a penance by the Church of Rome; ‘I have no shirt, I go woolward for penance’, L. L. L. v. 2. 717; ‘He went woolward and barefooted to many churches’, Stow’s Annals, H. 7 (Nares); ‘Wolworde, without any lynnen nexte ones body, _sans chemyse_’, Palsgrave. ME. _wolleward_ (_wolward_), see Pricke of Conscience, 3514; P. Plowman’s Crede, 788; P. Plowman, B. xviii. 1 (see note, p. 395). [It is probable that the ME. form _wolleward_ is due to popular etymology, and that the word properly represents an OE. *_wullwered_, clothed in wool, cp. _swegelwered_, clothed with heavenly brightness. The corruption would be natural, when the sense of _wered_ was lost, as -_ward_ was a common suffix. The phr. ‘to go woolward’ cannot be genuine: it could only mean ‘to go towards wool’, which is not the sense (Dr. Henry Bradley). See note on the word ‘woolward’ in Mayor and Lumby’s edition of Beda’s Eccles. Hist., p. 347.]

=woose,= ‘ooze’, soft mud, Phaer, Aeneid iii, 606; _wose_, id., ii. 135. Hence _woosy_, full of soft mud, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 205. ME. _wose_, mud (Wars Alex. 413). OE. _wōs_; see Napier’s Glosses, 1818.

=woose,= to ooze, Golding, tr. Ovid, fol. 127. See Dict.

=word,= a motto; ‘And round about the wreath this word was writ, _Burnt I doe burne_’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 38; ‘His word which on his ragged shield was writ, _Salvagesse sans finesse_’, id., iv. 4. 39.

=world;= ‘It is a world’, i.e. it’s wonderful (to see), Much Ado, iii. 5. 38; Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 313. _To go to the world_, to get married, Much Ado, ii. 1. 331; _a woman of the world_, a married woman, As You Like It, v. 3. 5.

=worm,= to remove what was called the _worm_ from under a dog’s tongue; a supposed preventive of his going mad; ‘I should have wormed you, sir, for [to prevent your] running mad’, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 2 (Vasque).

=wot,= in use as the present tense of the vb. _wit_, to know; ‘I wot not what rule ye keep’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 255); ‘I wote not’, BIBLE, Gen. xxi. 26 (in RV. ‘I know not’); ‘God wot’, Richard III, iii. 2. 89. ME. preterite-present _I wot_, _thou wost_, _he wot_, pl. _witen_ (Chaucer); OE. _ic wāt_, _þū wāst_, _he wāt_, pl. _witon_. Tudor and later English have much false grammar with respect to this verb: Shaks. has _wotting_ (for _witting_}, _wots_ (for _wot_), _wot’st_ (for _wost_); and _wotteth_ (for _wot_) is found in the Bible, Gen. xxxix. 8 (in RV. ‘knoweth’).

=wrabbed,= perverse, hard to manage; ‘So crabbed, so wrabbed, so stiff, so untoward’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 211. See Nares.

=wrack,= destruction, loss; ‘The wrack of maidenhood’, All’s Well, iii. 5. 24; ‘The commonwealth hath daily run to wrack’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 127; destruction by sea, shipwreck, Venus and Ad. 454; to ruin, destroy, Hamlet, ii. 1. 113; _wracked_ (_wrackt_), shipwrecked, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 225. See Dict. (s.v. Wreck).

=wrall,= to quarrel, to grumble. Tusser, Husbandry, § 101. 4; ‘This my tongue-wralling’, Webster, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120.

=wrawl,= to make an inarticulate noise, to caterwaul; ‘Cats that wrawling still did cry’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. ME. _wrawhre_, ‘traulus’ (Prompt. EETS. 40, see note, no. 181). See NED. (s.v. Caterwaul).

=wray,= to disclose. Gascoigne, Works, i. 41. ME. _wreye_, to bewray. reveal (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3503); also, _bewreye_, ‘The conseil is bewreid’ (Gower, C. A. v. 6785). OE. _wrēgan_, to denounce, accuse. See Dict. (s.v. Bewray).

=wread,= to wreathe, to twist, twine, curl; ‘The snake about him wrigling winding wreades’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 753. See EDD. (s.v. Wreath, sb.^{1} 7).

=wreak,= vengeance. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (M. Tullius); Knight of Malta, iv. 1 (Zanthia); ‘wrathful wreakes’, angry acts of vengeance, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 43; 12. 16; to avenge, punish, F. Q. ii. 3. 13. Hence _wreakful_, full of vengeance, Titus And. v. 2. 32. ME. _wreke_, ‘vindicta, ulcio’ (Prompt.); _wreken_, to avenge (Chaucer, C. T. C. 857). OE. _wrecan_, to punish.

=wreak,= to ‘reck’, to care. As You Like It, ii. 4. 81 (ed. 1623); Marlowe, tr. Ovid’s Elegies, ii. 11. 22; _wreaked_, recked, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 29. Hence _wreakless_, reckless, careless, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 7. Cp. EDD. (s.v. Wreak, vb.). OE. _rēcan_ (pret. _rōhte_), to rack, care for (Sweet); see Wright, OE. Gram., § 534.

=wrest,= a tuning-key for a harp. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 23.

=wretchock,= the smallest pig of a litter; smallest chicken in a hatch; a diminutive creature. B. Jonson, Gipsies’ Metam. (Jackman); Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 465. A Worc. word for the smallest pig of a litter (EDD.).

=wries;= see =wry.=

=wrig,= to turn aside. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 573 (L. _contorsit_). In prov. use in the Midlands, meaning to writhe (EDD.).

=writhe,= to turn aside, misdirect. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Gorboduc).

=writhled,= wrinkled, shrivelled, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 23; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 42; l. 9.

=wroken,= _pp._, revenged. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 108; Muiopotmos, 99; _wroke_, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. ME. _wroken_, revenged (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 88); _wroke_ (P. Plowman, B. ii. 194); but Chaucer and P. Plowman have also the regular _wreken_, pp. of _wreke_, to avenge; OE. _wrecen_, pp. of _wrecan_. See Wright, OE. Grammar, § 505.

=wrote,= to grub up, as a hog; ‘His earth-wroting snout’, Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor). ME. _wrotyn_, as swyne ‘verro’ (Prompt. EETS. 547), OE. _wrōtan_.

=wroth,= sorrow, vexation; ‘I’ll keep my oath, patiently to bear my wroth’, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 78.

=wry,= to turn aside, go aside. Cymbeline, v. 1. 5; ‘_Wries_, and wriggles’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 1 (Rowland). ME. _wrien_, to turn aside (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 906), OE. _wrigian_.

=wun,= dwelling, abode. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 23. See =wonne= (2).

=wusse;= see =iwis.=

=wych,= wich-elm, witch-elm. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 113.

=wyhee;= see =whigh-hie.=

=wyte,= to blame; see =wite.=

X

=xeriff,= a ‘Sherif’, a title of the descendants of Mohammed. Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Muley-Moluch); id., Conquest of Granada, i. 1. _Xarife_, the Spanish way of writing =sherif= (q.v.), Port. _xarife_, ‘chérif’ (Roquette).

=xeriff,= a Portuguese coin worth about 300 reis (Portuguese). Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha), Port. _xarafím_, Arab, _sharîfî_ or _ashrafî_, a gold coin often mentioned in the Arabian Nights, see Dozy, Glossaire, 353; cp. Med. L. _seraphus_, in Baumgarten, Peregrinatio, 23; see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 534. See Stanford (s.v. Xerafin).

Y

=yall;= see =yawl.=

=yarage= (applied to ships), the capability of being managed at sea; ‘Light of yarage’, North, Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 35 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 208); ‘heavy of yarage’, id., § 35 (p. 211).

=yare,= quick, ready. A word freq. used by Shaks., often given to sailors. Temp. v. 1. 224; Meas. for M. v. 2. 61; ‘The lesser ship . . . is yare, whereas the greater is slow’, Ralegh (Nares); _yarely_, readily, Temp. i. 1. 4. _Yare_ is in prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. _yare_, ready: ‘Terens let make his shippes yare’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2270;. OE. _gearu_, ready, equipped.

=yark,= to jerk. Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; to pull forcibly as shoemakers do in securing the stitches of their work; ‘Yark and seam, yark and seam’ (Eyre); ‘For yarking and seaming let me alone’ (Firk), Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1. See the story of Watt Tinlinn in note to Scott’s Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. 4. In reply to the Englishman’s taunt, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots’, Watt retorted, discharging a shaft which nailed the captain’s thigh to his saddle, ‘If I cannot sew, I can yerk’. As sb. a jerk; ‘_Tire_, a kick, yark, jerk’, Cotgrave. See =yerk.=

=yarum, yarrum,= a cant term for milk; see =popler.=

=yate,= gate. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224. In prov. use in the north and in the north Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{1} 1 (9)). ME. _ȝate_, a gate (Wyclif, Ps. cxvii. 20). OE. _geat_.

=yaw= (of a ship), to move unsteadily; used _fig._ Hamlet, v. 2. 120; a devious course, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). Icel. _jaga_, to move to and fro (as a door on its hinges).

=yaw,= to cut down; _yawde_, for _yawed_, pp., Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1206. (In the next line we have _sawde_ for _sawn_, pp.) In Hants. and Devon ‘yaw’ is the prov. pronunc. of ‘hew’, and is used in the sense of mowing or cutting wheat with one hand and with a reaping-hook, see EDD. (s.v. Hew, vb.^{1} 4).

=yawd,= a nag, a ‘jade’. Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov. use in the north, see EDD, (s.v. Yad). The same word as ‘jade’. _Yawd_ is derived directly from Icel. _jalda_, a mare, whereas _jade_ comes to us through northern French: _jalda_ < *_jaude_ < _jade_.

=yawfrow,= a young lady, a mistress. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1. Du. _joffrouw_, a gentlewoman, mistress, miss; _jonkvrouw_, a young lady; _Jonkvrouw A._, Miss A. (Sewel).

=yawl,= to howl, bawl; to scream like an infant; spelt _yall_, Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Doncaster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 242; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 22; _yawling_, a bawling, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Margery). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Yawl, vb.^{1} 1).

=yblent,= obscured; ‘The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 1; blinded, ‘With love yblent’, id., Shep. Kal., April, 155. See =blend.=

=ybowne,= ready to depart. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 140. ME. _boun_, ready to go (Chaucer, C. T. F. 1503). See Dict. (s.v. Bound, 3).

=y-clept, y-clep’d,= called, named. Milton, L’Allegro, 12. Spelt _y-clipped_; Ram-Alley, iii. 1 (Puff). See =clepe.=

=y-cond,= taught. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. (Misused; _to con_ is to learn.) See =cond.=

=yearn,= to vex, grieve; ‘It would yearn your heart’, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 45; ‘It yearn’d my heart’, Richard II, v. 5. 76 (in quartos _ernd_); ‘It yearns me not’, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26. Hence _yearnful_ (_yernful_), mournful, Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 7. See =earn= (to grieve).

=yearne,= to give tongue as hounds do, to bay, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, pp. 181, 186, 240); see =yorning.=

=yearne,= to earn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; vi. 7. 15. OE. _ge-earnian_, _earnian_, to earn.

=yede, yeed,= improperly used as an infin., to go. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 5; ii. 4. 2 _yeade_, pr. pl. (improp. used), Shep. Kal., July, 109; _yode_, pt. s. went, id., May, 22, 233; _yod_, Golding, Metam. vi. 330. ME. _yede_, went (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1141); _ȝede_, _ȝeode_ (P. Plowman), OE. _ge-ēode_ (and _ēode_), went. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Eode).

=yeding,= going. Sackville, Mirror of Mag., Induction, st. 30.

=yelden,= submissive; ‘The fierce lion will hurt no yelden thinges’ (i.e. creatures that have submitted), Sir T. Wyatt, To his ladie cruel over her Yelden Lover, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 62. See =yold.=

=yellow.= Bands dyed with _yellow starch_, much used by Mrs. Turner, became unfashionable when that infamous woman was hung (Nov. 15, 1615) for being concerned in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury; but not very long after they were again in use. ‘Hateful As yellow bands’, The Widow, v. 1 (Martia); ‘Disliked your yellow starch’, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of Corinth, iv. 1 (Tutor).

=yellow breeches, to wear,= to be jealous. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 2 (Stephano). _Yellow_, as the hue of jealousy, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2. 14.

=yellow-hammer,= (jocosely) a gold coin. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (2 Guard).

=yellowness,= jealousy. Merry Wives, i. 3. 111.

=yellow-pate,= the yellow-hammer, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 75.

=yellows,= jaundice in cattle. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Yellow, 4).

=yelt,= a young sow; ‘A youngling yelt of brestled sow’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 170. In prov. use in the north and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Gilt, sb.^{1}).

=yeoman-fewterer,= the man who, under the huntsman, took care of the dogs, and let them slip at the right moment. Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo); Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 3. See Nares (s.v.), and =fewterer.=

=yerde,= a rod, a staff. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 6. ME. _yerde_ (Chaucer). OE. _gierd_, a rod.

=yerk, yirk,= to lash with a whip. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; Marston, Sat. i. 3, p. 184 (Nares); _yarke_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 489. Hence, _yerking preferment_, a promotion to punishment with a whip, Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); to kick out strongly, Hen. V, iv. 7. 84; Tusser, Husbandry, § 64; to thrust smartly, Othello, i. 2. 5. This word is in prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland, pronounced in many ways, with the meanings (among others), to jerk, to pull forcibly; to lash with a switch or whip, to kick as a horse does, see EDD. (s.v. Yark, vb.^{1} 1, 5, 7). See =yark.=

=yert:= in comb. _yert-point_, lit. ‘jerk-point’; the name of a childish game; perhaps similar to blow-point. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). It may have been a name for spelicans. ‘Yert’ belongs to the group of words: _jerk_, _yerk_, _jert_, see Cotgrave (s.v. Tire).

=yfere,= together. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1; vi. 6. 31; Shep. Kal., April, 68; Sackville, Induction, st. 74. ME. _yfere_, together (Chaucer, C. T. B. 394), also _in-fere_ (C. T. B. 328, D. 924); orig. _in fere_, in company. OE. _on heora gefére_, in their company (Luke ii. 44).

=yfet,= _pp._ fetched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 647. See =fet.=

=yield,= to reward; ‘The gods yield you for’t’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 2. 23; spelt _’ild_, ‘How do you pretty lady?—Well, God ’ild you!’, Hamlet, iv. 5. 41; Macbeth, i. 6. 13. ‘God yield you’ is still in prov. use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _God yelde yow_, God requite you (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1772).

=ying,= young; ‘The lilly . . rysing fresche and ying’, Dunbar, The Thistle and the Rose, 22. ME. _ȝing_, young (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 41).

=yirk;= see =yerk.=

=ylike,= alike, all the same; ‘Ylike to me was libertee and lyfe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 36; F. Q. i. 4. 27. ME. _yliche_ (_ylike_), like, similar; also as adv., alike, in like manner (P. Plowman). OE. _gelīc_, similar, equal; _gelīce_, equally, in the same way, in a similar way.

=ynde,= indigo, dark blue. Morte Arthur, leaf 114, back. 27; bk. vii, c. 11. OF. _inde_, ‘de couleur d’azur’ (Didot); Med. L. _indium_, ‘genus coloris caerulei’ (Ducange), for L. _indicum_, indigo, orig. of India, Indian.

=yod;= see =yede.=

=yold,= _pt. t._ yielded. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25. As pp., id., vii. 7. 30. ME. _ȝolden_, pt. pl. and pp. of _ȝelden_, to yield (Wars Alex. 2326, 2378). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. ȝelden).

=yomenne,= ‘yeomen’; the pawns in the game of chess. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20.

=yond.= This word occurs in the following passages: ‘Then like a lyon . . . wexeth wood and yond’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 40; ‘As Florimel fled from that monster yond’, id., iii. 7. 26; ‘Those three brethren, Lombards fierce and yond’, Fairfax, tr. Tasso, i. 55. It seems to be a synonym of ‘fierce’.

=yond,= yonder, thither. Tempest, i. 2. 409; Richard II, iii. 3. 91. In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. _yond_, yonder (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1099). OE. _geond_, ‘illuc’ (Matt. xxvi. 86, Rushworth).

=yorning,= giving tongue as hounds do. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 5; see Croft’s Glossary. See =yearne= (1).

=yote,= to water, soak; ‘Yoted wheat’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 760. A west-country word, ‘The brewer’s grains must be well yoted for the pigs’, Grose (1790), see EDD. See below.

=yoten,= _pp._ melted. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 5. ME. _ȝotun_, molten (Wyclif, Job xli. 6, Ps. cv. 19), pp. of _yeten_, to pour (Chaucer), OE. _gēotan_.

=youl,= to howl, to squall like an infant. All Mistaken, i. 1 (near end); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 337. Hence _youling_, ib., i. 1 (Philidor); in the same, xv. 332. In gen. prov. use in all English-speaking countries; see EDD. (s.v. Yowl). ME. _youling_, loud lamentation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1278).

=youngth, yongth,= youth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 20; Muiopotmos, 34. ME. _ȝongthe_ (Wyclif, Luke xviii. 21).

=ypight,= _pp._ pitched, placed. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33. See =pight.=

=ysam,= together. Spelt _ysame_ (riming with _ram_ and _swam_). Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 32. See =sam.= ME. _ysamme_, together (P. Plowman, A. x. 193), OE. _samen_, together (Sweet).

=y-vound,= found. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay).

=ywus,= ‘_ywis_’, certainly. Golding, Metam. i. 754 (riming with _thus_), fol. 13, back (1603). See =iwis.=

Z

=zabra,= a small sailing vessel, in use in the Bay of Biscay; _zabraes_, pl.; Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 256. Span. _azábra_, ‘a small sort of Bark us’d in some parts of Spain’; _Zábra_, ‘a sort of Vessel once us’d in Biscay from 100 to 200 Tun Burden, and serv’d for Fishing or Privateering, now laid aside’ (Stevens). Port, _zabra_ (Roquette). See Stanford (s.v. Azabra).

=zambra,= a Moorish festival, with music and dancing; a festive dance. Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I, i. 1 (l. 11 from end). Span. _zambra_, ‘a Moorish dance’ (Stevens). ‘A la rigueur _zambra_ signifie musique d’instruments à vent; on l’a appliqué à la danse parce que l’on danse au son des larigots et des flûtes’ (Cobarruvias). _Zambra_ is from the Arabic root _zamara_, to play on a wind instrument, Dozy, Glossaire, 364.

=zany,= a subordinate buffoon, who mimicked the clown. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 96; cp. L. L. L. v. 2. 463. Ital. ‘_záne_, the name of _John_ in some parts of Lombardy, but commonly used for a silly John, a simple gull, or foolish Clown in a Play or Comedy, as a Jack pudding at the dancing of the ropes’ (Florio). See Stanford.

=zany,= to imitate apishly, to mimic. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, i. 2 (Crates); Lover’s Progress, i. 1 (Clarinda).

=zecchine,= a gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 (Cornari); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79. Ital. _zecchino_, a Venetian coin, deriv. of _zecca_, ‘a mint or place of coyning’ (Florio), Arab. _sikka_, coin; _dâr as-sikka-t_, a mint (Steingass).

=zelant,= a zealot. Bacon, Essay 3. Med. L. _zelans_; see Ducange (s.v. Zelare).

=zelatour,= a zealot, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 27. Med. L. _zelator_, ‘aemulator, inimicus’ (Ducange).

=zernick,= orpiment. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. _zernîkh_, arsenic (Steingass), Pers. _zernīχ_, orpiment, yellow arsenic; from _zar_, gold. A word of Indo-European origin. See Academy (May 11, 1895, p. 427), and Horn’s Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (1893, § 691).

OXFORD: HORACE HART M.A. PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

Transcriber’s Notes

The original spelling has not been modified, with the exception that the capitalisation of Midlands has been made consistent.

Punctuation is largely reproduced as in the original. End-of-line hyphens have been removed to rejoin words as appropriate, but other hyphenation is as in the original. Punctuation has been added silently is a small number of places where it is obviously missing as a result of a typesetting or printing error.

The references to EETS. are to the Early English Text Society publications.

While it is not stated in this book, it is inferred that it follows the practice of the Oxford English Dictionary in which:

* indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred,

† signifies an obsolete word,

[...] in a quotation, it surrounds an editorial insertion,

[...] while around an entire quotation, it indicates a quotation is relevant to the development of a sense but not directly illustrative of it.

. . . obtained from the OED web site.

[End of _A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words_, by Walter William Skeat, edited by Anthony Lawson Mayhew]