scene 2. 89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is

still in use in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for ‘pick-pack’ is _Huckepack_. For numerous forms of this word see NED.

=pickthank,= a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25; Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); _pickthank tales_, tales told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).

=pick-tooth,= a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1 (Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.).

=piddle,= to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with one’s food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, ii. 2. 137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Piddle, vb.^{1} 1).

=pie, pye,= a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=piece,= a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary, March 14, 1660 (N. S.). _A piece of eight_, the Spanish dollar of the value of 8 reals, or about 4_s._ 6_d._, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 1. 6 (see Wheatley’s note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face).

=piece,= a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys, Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.).

=pied,= variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt _pyed_, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt _pide_, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632).

=pieton,= a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘_Pietons_, or fotemen’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be all named _pietons_’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. ‘_pieton_, a footman, also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.).

=pig,= sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor).

=pigeaneau,= a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1 (Marquis). F. _pigeonneau_, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of _pigeon_.

=pigeon-holes,= the name of a game; the same as =troll-my-dames,= q. v.; ‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120.

=pigeon-livered,= applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am pigeon-livered and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed to have no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure he’s a pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 (Castruchio).

=pight,= _pt. t._ pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’, Drayton, Agincourt, 97; _ypight_, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff ypight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; _pight_, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. _pighte_, pt. t. of _picchen_; _y_)_pight_, pp., see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Picchen).

=pigsnye,= a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, i. 1. Spelt _pigges-nye_, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560), _Pigsneye_ occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’.

=pike:= in phr. _sold at a pike_, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from end). Here Kyd translates from F. _vendre sous une pique_, which refers to the L. phrase _venalis sub hasta_, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It looks as if Kyd did not understand the allusion.

=pike:= in phr. _on the pike_, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the cable has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 1. F. _à pic_, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=pilch,= to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, miche, _suffurari_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.).

=pilcher,= a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is sometimes punningly connected with the word _pilchard_ (see below). B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4.

=pilcher,= a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1; Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause).

=pilcher,= a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere.

=pilcrow,= a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser, Husbandry, p. 2; spelt _peel-crow_, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1 (Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘_Paragraphe_, Pillcrow’, Cotgrave. Cp. ME. _pylcraft_ in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); _pargrafte_, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., s.v.

=pile,= the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of a dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind and Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. _pilum_, the heavy javelin of the Roman foot-soldier.

=pile,= a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, Chron., Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. _pile_, a stronghold (P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.^{2}).

=pill,= to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. 246; Richard III, i. 3. 159; _to pill and poll_, Mirror for Mag. 467 (Nares).

=pilling,= plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445. _Pilling and polling_, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2 (ed. 1700, p. 332). See =poll.=

=pill,= to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov. use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or bark, see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.^{1} 1).

=pillowbeer,= a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women beware Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. _pilwe-beer_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 694); _bere_, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254).

=pimp-whiskin,= a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 (Spadone). See =whiskin.=

=pin,= a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121.

=pin,= a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, _to cleave the pin_, to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; Romeo, ii. 4. 15.

=pinax,= a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. Gk. πίναξ, board.

=pin-bouk,= some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, 165. OE. _būc_, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket).

=pindy-pandy,= a formula used as equivalent to _handy-dandy_, in the game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk).

=piner, pyner,= a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set to trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See =pion.=

=ping,= to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.^{2} 1). OE. _pyngan_, to prick, L. _pungere_.

=pingle,= to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, _pingler_, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2 (Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle, vb.^{1} 2). Cp. Swed. dial. _pyngla_, to be busy about small matters (Rietz).

=pinion,= the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth, (ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED.

=pink,= to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1 (Fulgoso). Low G. _pinken_, to strike (Schambach).

=pink,= a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares and NED. Du. _pinck_, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’ (Hexham).

=pink,= to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly (Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. _pincken_, to shut the eyes (Hexham).

=pinkany,= a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little eye; ‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv. 2 (Wagtail). Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment, Porter, Angry Women, iii. 2 (Philip).

=pink-eyed,= having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids . . . that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed _Ocellæ_’, Holland, Pliny, xi. 335; spelt _pinky-eyed_, Kyd, Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, v. 359). A Lanc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.^{1} 4).

=pinnace,= a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). A _fig._ sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel.

=pinner,= a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene, George-a-Greene, i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’ (or ‘pinner’) is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)). ME. _pyndare_ of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt. EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638). See Dict. (s.v. Pinder).

=pinson,= a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211); ‘Pynson, sho, _caffignon_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pynson_, sok (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1642).

=pintas, las,= the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘_A las Pintas_, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. _pintas_, basset; pl. of _pinta_, ‘among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens).

=pion,= to dig, trench, excavate. Hence _pyonings_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63. _Pioned_, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. _pioner_, to dig (Godefroy). See =piner.=

=pip,= a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is to a game called _One-and-thirty_, which differs from 32 by 1. So also in Shirley, Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See =peep.=

=pipple,= to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A Replycacion, ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence ‘pippler’, a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple).

=pique,= a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L. _pica_, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found).

=pirrie, pirry,= a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, § 5; spelt _perry_, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 482. ME. _pyry_, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1643).

=pishery-pashery,= trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5 (Eyre); finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre).

=pist!,= hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.).

=pistolet,= a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value from 5_s._ 10_d._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in later times = pistole, worth about 16_s._ 6_d._ ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d at sixteen shillings six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); also called _a double pistolet_, Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie).

=pitch,= a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the shoulder, the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders, collectively), Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11.

=pitch and pay,= to pay down money at once, pay ready money. Hen. V, ii. 3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror for Mag., Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24.

=plaça,= a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1 (Carlos). Span. _plaça_ (_plaza_).

=plackerd,= the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard).

=placket,= an apron or petticoat: hence _transf._ the wearer of a petticoat, a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the top of a skirt or petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a woman’s skirt, ‘Which instrument . . . was found in my Lady Lambert’s placket’, Hist. Cromwell (NED.).

=plage,= a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.); 2 Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. _plage_, region (Cotgr.). L. _plaga_, a region.

=plaice-mouth,= a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt _plaise-mouth_, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene).

=plaie,= wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. _plaie_; L. _plaga_.

=plain,= to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘_Plaindre_, to plaine,’ Cotgrave.

=plain,= to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, _Plainer_, a carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314.

=plain-song,= a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence, ‘the plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1.

=planch,= to board. _Planched_, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1. 30; _to plaunche on_, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2. 12. F. _planche_, a plank.

=plancher,= a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F. _plancher_, ‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.).

=plange,= to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31. L. _plangere_.

=planipedes,= pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The common players of interludes called _Planipedes_, played barefoote vpon the floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. _planipedes_ (Juvenal).

=plant,= the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B. Jonson, Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. _plante_, the sole. L. _planta_.

=plasma,= a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424. Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded.

=platic,= an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.). B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt _platique_, Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. _platicus_, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός, broad, diffuse.

=plaudite, plaudity,= shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall plaudities’, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. _plaudite_, applaud ye.

=play-pheer,= playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See =fere.=

=pleasant,= to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man can’, id., p. 62.

=plight,= to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; _plighted_, folded, Milton, Comus, 301; _pleated_, King Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of the Shepherd, 21 (Dyce, 304). ME. _plyte_, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1204). Anglo-F. _plit_ (Gower) = Norm. F. _pleit_ (Burguy), whence E. _plait_. See Dict. (s.v. Plait).

=plompe,= a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur, leaf 30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); _plompes_, troops, bands; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See =plump.=

=plotform,= a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1 (Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed for mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304). See Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219.

=plough.= The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry, p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here. (1) _Plough-beam_, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for the other parts; (2) _The skeath_ (_sheath_), a piece of wood 2½ feet long, mortised into the beam; (3) _Principal hale_, the left-handle; also called _plough-tail_ or _plough-start_; (4) _Plough-head_ or _share-beam_, about 3 feet in length; (5) _Plough-spindles_ or _rough-staves_, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles together; (6) _Righthand-hale_, or _plough-stilt_, smaller and weaker than the other; (7) _Plough-rest_, a small piece of wood, fixed to the plough-head and righthand-hale; (8) _Shelboard_, i.e. shield-board, a strong board on the right side of the plough; (9) _Coulter_, a long piece of iron in the front, to cut the soil; (10) _Share_; (11) _Plough-foot_, or _plough-shoe_, before the coulter, to regulate the depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him a _plough-mall_ or small mallet; and, originally, a _plough-staff_ or _aker-staff_, for clearing the mould-board when required.

=plough-staff,= an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)).

=Plowden.= Proverb: _The case is altered, quoth Plowden._ For various explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray, Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147.

=ployden;= ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained.

=pluck:= in phr. _to pluck down a side_, in card-playing, to cause the loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares.

=plumb,= perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933. In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v. Plum, adj.^{1}). F. ‘_à-plomb_, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Plump).

=plume,= said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck, despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920.

=plummet,= a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used _fig._ a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.).

=plump,= a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See =plompe.=

=plunge,= to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 21.

=plunge,= a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: _to put to a plunge_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Sir Alexander). ‘_Il est au bout de son breviaire_, he is at a plunge or nonplus’, Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was put to a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.^{1}).

=Plymouth cloak,= a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked _in cuerpo_, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak; ‘Shall I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my hose and doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or staff’, Ray’s Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose, Local Proverbs in Glossary, 1790. See Nares.

=pocas palabras,= the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare 1603 (ed. 1732, p. 46); _paucas pallabris_, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span. _palabra_, Med. L. _parabola_, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable, similitude (Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford.

=poinado,= a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70; Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘_Poinard_, or _Poinado_’, Phillips, 1658.

=poinet, poynet,= an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet. J. Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to _poignet_). F. _poignet_, wrist; _poing_, the fist. See NED.

=point,= a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for fastening various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 49. Very common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25.

=point:= in phr. _point of war_, a short strain sounded as a signal by a trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94; Peele, Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point, sb.^{1} 9).

=point:= in phr. _to point_ [F. _à point_], to the smallest detail, completely; ‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2. 194; ‘Are ye all fit?’ 1 _Gent._ ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i. 4. 2.

=point-device= (=-devyse=)=,= completely, perfectly, in every point. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of perfection, As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. _poynt devys_: ‘Her nose was wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. _à point devis_, or _devis à point_, arranged to a proper point or degree. See NED.

=pointed,= _pp._ appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12.

=poise,= a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘_Poyses_ made of leadde’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; _poyse_, heavy fall; Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 54. See =peise.=

=poisure,= poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 1 (Valentine).

=poking-stick, poker,= a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2. _Poker_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).

=poldavy, polldavy,= a sort of coarse canvas; ‘_Poldavy_, or buckram’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2, let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from _Poldavide_, dep. Finisterre, France; near Daoulas, whence E. _dowlas_ (Phil. Soc. Trans., May, 1904). The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’.

=poldron;= see =pouldron.=

=pole-ax;= see =pollax.=

=polehead,= a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1 (Quadratus); ‘_Cavesot_, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do come’, Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form is _powet_ (or _powit_); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. _polhevede_ (Gen. and Ex., 2977).

=polepennery,= extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is polepennery’, Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606).

=politien,= a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp. 158, 159; _politians_, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. _policien_, a citizen, a politician (Godefroy).

=poll,= to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 112; to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.); to plunder by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); _to poll and pill_, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 6.

=pollard,= an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns, or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a cuckold. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares.

=pollax, pole-ax,= a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘_Bec de faulcon_, a fashion of Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s Pensioners’, Cotgrave; ‘_Mazzière_, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as the Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio.

=pollenger,= a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13.

=poller,= one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt _poler_, Bacon, Essay 56, 4.

=poll-hatchet,= a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a term of abuse or contempt. Spelt _powle-hatchett_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29.

=polony,= a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2. 131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan Sasiges’. See Dict.

=pomeroy,= a variety of apple. Spelt _pom-roy_, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 1, § 2. See NED.

=pomewater,= a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with a few rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’, Vox Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire word (EDD.).

=pommado,= an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury), where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has _pommado reverso_, said to mean the vaulting _off_ the horse again. If so, ‘the whole pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one of them. F. _pommade_, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.).

=pompillion,= an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar; ‘_Populeon_, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. _populeon_ (Godefroy, Compl.). See NED.

=pompillion,= a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below.

=pompion,= a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Fame); ‘_Pompon_, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc. word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. _pompoen_, ‘a pompion, pumpkin’ (Sewel).

=pon,= a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc. of ‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.).

=ponder,= weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p. 102; a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142.

=pontifical,= bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. _pons_ (bridge) + _facere_ (to make). It may be noted that L. _pontifex_ (a pontiff) has probably nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED.

=pooke;= see =pouke.=

=poop-noddie, pup-noddie,= cony-catching, the art of befooling the simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’, Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED.

=poor-john,= a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii. 2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v. Poor).

=pooter,= the same as =poting-stick,= q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, ch. 47, st. 8.

=pope-holy,= sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b, 2); _pop-holy_, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME. _pope-holy_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415, _Pope-Holy_ is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation of the _papelardie_ of the French original.

=popering,= a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders. Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); _a poprin pear_, Romeo, ii. 1. 38.

=popler,= porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); _Poppelars_, porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; _popplar of yarum_, mylke porrage, id., p. 86; _poplars of yarrum_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=popping,= chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound; foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39.

=popular,= populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson, True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton, Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl.

=porcpisce,= a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius); _porpice_, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict.

=porpentine,= a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363; used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED.

=porret, poret,= a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31; ‘_Porret_, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. _porrette_, ‘maiden leek, bladed leek, unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. _poret_, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette).

=port,= to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980.

=port,= deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state, splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124.

=port,= the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of 1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i. 1. 2; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. _porte_, a gate.

=portague,= a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time between £3 5_s._ and £4 10_s._ B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt _portigue_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; _portegue_, Phillips, Dict., 1658; pl. _portagues_, Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also, _porteguez_, Davenant, News fr. Plymouth (NED.). The _s_ (_z_) of Span. _Portugues_, Pg. _Portuguez_, ‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence the English forms _portegue_, &c.

=portance,= carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21.

=portcannons,= ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of breeches; see =canion.= Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926.

=portcullis,= an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift).

=porter’s lodge,= the place where great men used to exercise summary punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Graccho).

=portesse,= a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. BIBLE, Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME. _portos_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1321); _portos_, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt. EETS. 342, see note, no. 1662). OF. _portehors_ (Godefroy), Church L. _portiforium_ (Ducange). See Dict.

=portmantua,= a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Mawworm).

=port-sale,= public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (_sub corona veniere)_, Holland, Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.^{2}).

=possede,= to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2.

=possess,= to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44; Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41.

=post,= as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a new magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157; ‘Worship, . . . for so much the posts at his door should signifie’, Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 12.

=post,= a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a post-horse, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, _to post_, to go with speed, hasten, Richard II, i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands . . . post o’er land and ocean without rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; _post over_, to hurry over, treat with negligence, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255.

=post and pair,= a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein much depended on _vying_, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your own hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &c. If there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in the three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and right worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering). See Nares.

=postil,= an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); _postill_, to annotate, Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. _postille_ (Wyclif, Prol. 1 Cor.); see NED. Mod. L. _postilla_, a gloss on the Bible (Ducange).

=post-knight,= a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See =knight of the post.=

=posy,= a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed within a ring, on a knife, &c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i. 1 (Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See Dict.

=pot.= In the expressions _to the pot_, or _to go to pot_, or _to go to the pot_, the reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows . . . go to the pot for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); _to the pot_, to destruction, Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 389).

=potargo,= ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher, Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. _poutargo_, ‘caviar’ (Mistral, Calendal). See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford.

=potch,= to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.).

=potch,= to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.)

=potestate,= chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30; pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon).

=pot-gun,= used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4 (Norandine).

=poting-stick,= a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 74. OE. _potian_, to push, thrust.

=potshare,= a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale, Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)).

=pottle,= half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger); _a pottell oyle_ (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p. 16. ‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire (EDD.).

=pouke, pooke,= a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’, Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights . . . Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a mischievous fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Puck, sb.^{1}). ME. _pouke_: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de Leon, 566); OE. _pūca_ (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2).

=pouke-bug,= for =puck-bug,= a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 594. See =bug.=

=pould,= bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91.

=pouldre,= to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to spot, id., iii. 2. 25. OF. _pouldre_ (F. _poudre_).

=pouldron, poldron,= a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; _espaule_ (F. _épaule_), shoulder. See NED.

=poulter,= a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From _poult_, a chicken.

=poulter’s measure,= poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a metre consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in Surrey and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39).

=poult-foot, powlt-foot,= a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97); B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot).

=Poultry,= the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church of St. Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London, and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 99).

=pounce,= to ornament (cloth, &c.) by punching small holes or figures; also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A . . . cote, garded and _pounced_’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. _ponçon_, ‘poinçon, instrument de fer ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy).

=pouncet-box,= 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for _pounced box_, from _pounce_, to perforate. See above.

=pouncing,= the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine); Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.^{3} 3).

=pouned,= impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once, a man is . . . _poun’d_’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp. _pounded_; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1 (Sir H. Beagle).

=powder,= to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence _Powder-beef_, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also, to sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62; _powdering-tub_, Hen. V, ii. 1. 79.

=practice,= scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116; B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares.

=practive,= practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’, Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED.

†=prage,= a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and keene _prages_ goared in entrayls Of stags’, &c., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 197. Is _prage_ a misreading of _prāge_ = _prange_ = _prong_ (see NED.)?

=praise,= to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.^{2} 1).

=prancome,= a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge). Not found elsewhere.

=prank,= showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1).

=prankie-cote,= pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere.

=prats,= buttocks (Cant); ‘_Prat_, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort).

=prease,= to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7. 44; a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 226. Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by _prease_ in Tyndale and in Cranmer’s Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This is still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.).

=precisian,= one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5; synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102; Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares.

=pree,= short for _pree thee_, _prithee_, i.e. I pray thee. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes).

=pregnant,= pressing, compelling, cogent, convincing; hence, clear, obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. _preignant_, pressing, pp. of _preindre_, L. _premere_, to press; cp. _preignantes raisons_ (Godefroy, Compl.).

=pregnant,= receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101; ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. _a pregnant wit_, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. _prégnant_ (Rabelais), L. _praegnans_.

=prepense,= to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See =purpense.=

=presence:= phr. _in presence_, present; often, in reference to ceremonial attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank, Barclay, Cyt. and Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a place prepared for ceremonial presence or attendance, a presence-chamber, ‘The two great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen. VIII, iii. 1. 17; _chamber of presence_, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 5, 1643.

=presently,= immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30; ii. 4. 86; BIBLE, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp. F. ‘_presentement_, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily, suddenly’ (Cotgr.).

=president,= a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations; Of Judicature.

=press,= press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius).

=prest,= ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _prest_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘_prest_, prest, ready, full-dight; prompt; quick’ (Cotgr.); now written _prêt_.

=Prester John,= the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130. For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit. xix. 715. See Stanford.

=prestigiatory,= relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive, delusive; ‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3.

=prestigious,= practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory; ‘That inchantresse . . . by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker, Whore of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood, Dial. 18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. _praestigiosus_, full of deceitful tricks; _praestigium_, an illusion, _praestigiae_, juggler’s tricks; cp. F. _prestiges_, ‘deceits, impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Prestige).

=pretence, pretense,= an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that in our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47; Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18.

=pretenced, pretensed,= intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 8). Late L. _praetensus_, for _praetentus_, pp. of _praetendere_.

=pretend,= to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who . . . his target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to put forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’, Middleton, Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. _praetendere_, to stretch forth.

=pretor,= one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of Honour, § 1. Med. L. _praetor_, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, _maior_, _pretor_’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225.

=prevent,= to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94; BIBLE, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &c. See Bible Word-Book.

=preving, preeving,= proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366. See =prieve.=

=prick,= to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; _prickant_, riding along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph).

=prick,= the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the _white_, or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called the _pin_, or _clout_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; _at the prickes_, beside the butts, id., p. 98.

=prick,= the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus, Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. _prick and praise_, very high praise, Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and praise for a prettie wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15.

=prick-eared,= having sharply pointed, erect ears; _prycke-eared_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44.

=pricket,= a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns. L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph). ME. _pryket_, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no. 1681).

=prickle,= a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain measure (EDD.). See NED.

=prick-me-dainty,= finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.).

=prick-song,= music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21; Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly musical than any other, was called _pricksong_’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’ used to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere melody.

=priefe, preife,= proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother Hubberd, 408. _Priefe_ = F. _preuve_, as _people_ (pron. _peeple_) = F. _peuple_.

=prieve,= to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. _Prieve_ = OF. _prueve_ (_preuve_); L. _próbat_, with the stress on the stem-syllable, whereas _prove_ = F. _prouver_ (OF. _prover_) = L. _probáre_.

=prig a prancer,= to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84. See Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1).

=prima-vista,= an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes identified with it. _Primviste_, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed. Arber, p. 33); ‘_Prima_ . . . a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero, or Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. _prima vista_, ‘first seen, because he that can first show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu).

=primum mobile,= the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with it. Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s Dante Dictionary.

=princox,= a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo, i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock).

=prink,= to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, _exorno_’, Coles, 1699. _Prinke it_, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 21, p. 93.

=print:= phr. _in print_, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173; ‘Gallant in print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 2 (Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Print, 3).

=prise, pryse,= the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6. F. ‘_prise_, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.).

=privado,= a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span. _privado_, a favourite (Stevens); Port. _privado_, ‘favori, homme en faveur auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. _privatus_, ‘familiaris, amicus’ (Ducange).

=private,= private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech).

=prize,= a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2 (Prentices); a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. _to play a prize_, to engage in a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv. 2 (end); Titus Andron. i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence _Prizer_, one who fights in a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3. 8. F. ‘_prise_, a hold in wrestling; _estre aux prises_, to wrestle or strive with one another’ (Cotgr.).

=prize,= to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a price for, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5.

=proake,= to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke, _procare_’, Levins, Manip.

=proceed,= to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim).

=prochinge,= approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc. _prochy-madame_ (_Prush-madam!_), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F. _approchez, Madame!_, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy).

=procinct,= readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 89. L. _procintus_, readiness for action.

=prodigious,= portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John, iii. 1. 46.

=proface,= much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman, Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. _prouface_, ‘souhait qui veut dire, bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); _prou_, advantage + _fasse_ (L. _faciat_), may it do. See Nares.

=profligate,= routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. _profligare_, to strike down, overthrow.

=profound,= to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 13.

=prog,= to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs . . . He never rests . . . He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job xiv. 60; ‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow, Sermon, Rejoice evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2).

=progress,= the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different parts of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9; Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). _Progress-block_, a block for a new fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1.

=proin, proyne= (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v; Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt _prune_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME. _proynen_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 2011). OF. _poroign-_, pres. pt. stem of _poroindre_, to trim feathers (Godefroy), L. _pro_ + _ungere_, to anoint.

=proine, proyne,= to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon, Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292; Homilies 1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm. F. _progner_ (Moisy), OF. _proignier_, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic type, _protundiare_, deriv. of L. _rotundus_, round. Cp. F. _rogner des branches, des racines_, ‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See =royne.=

=project,= to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage, ‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i. 622.

=projection,= the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon).

=proller,= a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 490.

=promont,= a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero); Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1.

=promoter,= a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter.

=prompture,= prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178.

=prone,= a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor; ‘The founder . . . used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne, Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘_prone_, notice given by a Priest unto his Parishioners . . . of the holy days, of Banes of Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &c.’ (Cotgr.).

=proof,= proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl., Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). _Proof-arm_, to put on armour of proof, Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe).

=proper,= handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54; 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, BIBLE, Heb. xi. 23 (= ‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Proper, 5).

=proper,= belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i. 1. 30; v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel).

=properties,= rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2 (Donella).

=property,= an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10; Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72.

=propice,= propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31; _propise_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. _propice_; L. _propitius_.

=propriety,= peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property, Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘_proprieté_, a property speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.).

=prospective,= a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; _glasse prospective_, Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a telescope, J. Taylor (Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a scene, a view, Porter, Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. _prospective_, ‘the prospective or optick art; also, a bounded prospect, a limited view’ (Cotgr.).

=prostrate,= one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe, Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1.

=protense,= extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4. L. _protensus_, drawn out; pp. of _protendere_, to draw forth.

=protract,= delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex).

=provand,= food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard (Arber, p. 60). Flemish, _provande_, Fr. _provende_, Romanic type _provenda_ for eccles. L. _praebenda_, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ. Antiq.).

=provant,= provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one who deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, i. 1 (Nicodemus). Hence, _Provant_, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality, Webster, Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil).

=provecte,= advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4, § 3. L. _provectus_, pp.

=providence,= foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5.

=provincial garland,= a garland given to one who had added a _province_ to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia).

=prowest,= most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. _prou_, valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess).

=prune,= the fruit. _Stewed prunes_, often referred to as being a favourite dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 128; cp. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt _proin_, in _proin-stone_, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500).

=prune;= see =proin.=

=pry, prie,= a local name of the small-leaved lime (_Tilia parvifolia_). Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.^{1} 4).

=ptrow,= _interj._, tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3.

=Pucelle.= _Joan la Pucelle_, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen. VI, i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. _pucelle_, a maid, virgin.

=puckfist, puckfoist,= the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 5 (Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See =pouke.= A common prov. word (EDD.). The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave (s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist).

=puckle,= a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate). OE. _pūcel_, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of _pūca_; see =pouke.=

=puckling,= little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See above.

=pudder,= pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.).

=pudding-time, in,= in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD.

=pudding tobacco,= tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Laxton).

=pudency,= modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. _pudentia_, modesty.

=pug,= to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.^{2}).

=pug,= a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2; _Westerne pugs_, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London; ‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed it in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’, Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.).

=puggard,= a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).

=pugging tooth,= Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually taken as = thieving, cp. =puggard.= In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth (EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry eye-tooth (_pug_-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (_pug_) ‘the white sheet bleaching on the hedge’.

=puke,= a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du. _puuc_, _puyck_, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (A.D. 1420). Du. _puyck_, woollen cloth (Hexham); _puik_, choice, excellent (Sewel).

=puke,= the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named ‘puke’. ‘_Pauonaccio cupo_, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed. 1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, _pers_’, Palsgrave. See NED.

=pull:= in phr. _to pull down a side_, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your card, I shall pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Cozimo); id., Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde).

=pullen,= poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); _poleyn_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.). OF. _poulain_, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L. _pullanus_, see Ducange (s.v. Pullani).

=pulpamenta,= delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7 (Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies.

=pulpatoon,= a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &c., in a crust of forced meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. _pulpelón_, a large slice of stuffed meat.

=pulvilio,= fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); _Pulvilio-box_, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence _pulvil_, to perfume with scented powder, Congreve, Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. _polviglio_, fine powder. See Stanford.

=pumey,= ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595); _pumie-stone_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89.

=pun,= to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; _pund_, pt. t., Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound, vb.^{3}). OE. _punian_, to pound, beat, bray in mortar.

=puncheon,= a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L. _dolones_). O. Prov. _ponchon_, ‘poinçon’ (Levy).

=puncto;= see =punto.=

=punctual,= no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth, this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23.

=punese,= a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. _punaise_.

†=pung,= a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe). Not found elsewhere.

=punkateero,= a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from _punk_, a strumpet, in imitation of Span. _mulatero_, muleteer, from _mulo_, mule. Not found elsewhere.

=punto,= a small point; _in a punto_, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’, ‘Puntos and Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke or thrust with the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26; _punto riverso_, a back-handed thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; _punto beard_, a pointed beard, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span. _punto_, L. _punctum_, a point.

=purchase,= to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II, i. 3. 282. Hence, _purchase_, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch. Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V, iii. 2. 45; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5 (Theridamas). See Dict.

=purfle,= to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘_Pourfiler_, to purfle, tinsell or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave.

=purfle,= the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton).

=puritan,= used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you Will, iii. 3 (Slip).

=purlieu,= ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was by perambulation (OF. _puralee_) separated from the same, see Manwood, Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It, iv. 3. 77. The form _purlieu_ (for an older _purley_) is probably due to popular etymology, i.e. to association with F. _pur lieu_, L. _purus locus_, a free open space; _purley_, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); _purley-man_, one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.); _Pourlie man_, Cowell’s Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. _puralé_ (_-lée_), a going though, ‘perambulatio’ (Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See NED.

=purpense,= to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame . . . wilfully assented and purpensed the murdre, &c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F. _purpenser_: _agwait purpensé_, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of William I, § 1, 2); see Moisy. See =prepense.=

=purpose,= conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6; ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12. 16. OF. _pourpos_ (_purpos_), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. _propos_, a purpose, design, also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.).

=purprise,= an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature). Norm. F. _purprise_, _pourprise_, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’ (Moisy); _porprise_ (Didot); _porprendre_, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot). Med. L. _porprisa_, _porprisum_, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris, ant vallis conclusus’; see Ducange (s.v. Porprendere).

=purse,= to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo. Loveless).

=purse-net,= a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by a string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1 (Advocate).

=purveyance,= providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision, equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. _purveyaunce_, providence, also, provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey).

=push,= a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Push, sb.^{3}).

=push,= _interj._, pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton.

=push-pin,= a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In L. L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also called _put-pin_.

=pussle,= a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); ‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. _pucelle_, a maid.

=put,= a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874.

=put case,= suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end).

=put forth,= to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour ii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10.

=put on,= to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty compliment. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). _Putting off his hat_, taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7.

=put up,= to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2. 469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; _put up_ (without a following sb.), Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Martino).

=puther,= pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 4 (Bayes); _pudder_, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); _poother_, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 234.

=put-pin,= ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 205. See =push-pin.=

=puttock,= a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191; Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, _escoufle_’, Palsgrave. In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v. Puttock, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _puttocke_, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339, see note, no. 1647). _Puttock_ is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley, 493. An older form for this surname was _Putthawke_, see Chronicles of Theberton (Suffolk), by H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748] John Puttock or Putthawke was churchwarden.’ Can _puttock_, the name of the bird, stand for _pout-hawk,_ from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on which it feeds? [For _pout_, see NED. (s.v. _Poult_).]

=puzell;= see =pussle.=

=pylery hole,= the hole through which the head of the offender was thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. _pillorie_ (Ducange, s.v. Pilorium), O. Prov. _espilori_, _espitlori_ (Levy); Med. L. *_spect’lorium_ < *_spectaculorium_, a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L. _spectaculum_).

=pyonyng;= see =pion.=

=pyromancy,= divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186); scene 2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire.

=Pythonissa,= the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’, Bacon, Essay 35. L. _pythonissa_, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam. xxviii), see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam consulit’); properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of divination, cp. Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens in Endor’). See =Phitonessa.=

Q

=Q,= a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I not my _Q_?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know their _Q’s_, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. _quando_, when; i.e. the time when.

=quab,= a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5. Low G. _quabbe_, a piece of fat flesh, _quabbeln_, to be flabby, quiver like a piece of fat or soft flesh; Du. _quabbe_, ‘the dewlap of a Rudder-beast hanging down under his necke’ (Hexham).

=quacking cheat,= a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat= (2).

=quadlin,= a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July fruits in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; _quodling_, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. _querdlyng_, appul, ‘duracenum’ (Prompt.).

=quadrate,= a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant . . . in mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. _quadratus_, squared; _quadratum_, a square.

=quail,= the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 57; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. _cailte coiffée_, ‘une femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); _cailles coyphées_, women (Rabelais, iv. 23); _caille coiffée_, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.).

=quail,= to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, _je quaillebotte_’, Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips, Dict., 1706. In prov. use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD. (s.v. Quail, vb.^{2}). ME. _quaylyn_ as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre, ‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363). F. _cailler_, to curdle, to coagulate (Cotgr.), OF. _coailler_ (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70); L. _coagulare_; cp. Ital. _quagliare_ (_coagulare_, to curd or curdle (Torriano)). See =quarle.=

=quail,= to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland, Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A _fig._ sense of _quail_ (to curdle), see above. Cp. Ital. _quagliare_ (_cagliare_), ‘aggrumare’; _per met._ ‘mancar d’animo, venir meno’ (Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare).

=quail= (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 49; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 1. 243.

=quail-pipe boot,= a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E. version of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes . . . That frouncen [are wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’

=quaint,= skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 149; skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2; beautiful, elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22; dainty, fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. _cointe_, ‘instruit’ (Bartsch), Med. L. _cognitus_, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O. Prov. _coinde_, _cointe_, ‘joli, gracieux, aimable’ (Levy).

=quaisy;= see =queazy.=

=quality,= profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii. 2. 363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi).

=quar,= a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 2).

=quarelet,= a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a girl’s teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls, 32. See =quarrel.=

=quarle,= a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2).

=quarle,= to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See =quar=(=r= (2).

=quar=(=r,= a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1).

=quar=(=r,= to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use in Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See =quarle.=

=quarrel,= a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window; ‘A quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed. Arber, p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio). ‘Quarrel’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of glass, esp. a diamond-shaped pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1}), and NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1} 3).

=quarron,= the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); _Quaromes_, a body, Harman, Caveat, p. 82. The same word as _carrion_, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED.

=quart,= quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. _quartus_, fourth.

=quart d’écu;= see =cardecu.=

=quartile,= a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of two planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, chap. xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500.

=quass,= to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low G. _quasen_, _quassen_, to devour, swallow (Lübben).

=quat,= a pimple; _fig._ applied contemptuously to a young person. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’, meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants. (EDD.).

=quat,= to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3).

=quat,= the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31).

=quaternion,= a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid); Milton, P. L. v. 181; BIBLE, Acts xii. 4. L. _quaternio_ (Vulgate).

=quayd,= quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See =accoy.=

=queach,= a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam. i. 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s English Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; _queachie_, bushy, Golding, Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. _queche_, a dense growth of bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540).

=queachy,= swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv. 65; xvii. 384; _quechy_, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190). ‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.^{1} 1).

=queam;= see =queme.=

=queat,= ‘quiet’; ‘Be _queat_’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 73; bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See =unqueat.=

=queave,= to palpitate; ‘I left him _queaving_ and quick’ (i.e. palpitating and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19 (ed. Arber, p. 223); ‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave).

=queazy,= squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian, 16; spelt _quaisie_, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); _queasie_, unsettling the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44); ‘Quaisy as meate or drinke is, _dangereux_’, Palsgrave.

†=quebas,= the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere.

=queching;= see =quetch.=

†=quecke,= a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a _quecke_, I may fortune to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 8. Not found elsewhere.

=queest;= see =woodquist.=

=queint,= _pp._ quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals . . . that be quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. _queynt_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2321), pp. of _quenche_, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 846). See Dict.

=quellio,= a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); _quellio ruff_, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Luke). Span. _cuello_, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. _collum_, neck.

=quelquechose,= a delicacy; the same word as _kickshaws_. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘_Fricandeaux_, short, skinless, and dainty puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped together, then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &c., and so boiled’, Cotgrave. F. _quelque chose_, something. See Dict. (s.v. Kickshaws).

=queme,= to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; _queam_, pleasure, Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. _queme_, to please (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); _queme_, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor M. 1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _cwēman_, _gecwēman_, to please.

=quent;= see =queint.=

=quere,= the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22; bk. xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. _quere_, _queer_ (Wyclif, Ps. lii. 1; cl. 4). Norm. F. _quers_, nom.; _cuer_, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Choir).

†=querke:= phr. _to have the querke of the sea_ (?), Harrison, Desc. of England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310).

=querpo:= phr. _in querpo_, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. 2; cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. _en cuerpo_, lit. ‘in the body’; hence, half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See =cuerpo.=

=querre, at the,= (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘_Sir Francis._ My hawk killed too. _Sir Charles._ Ay, but ’twas at the querre, Not at the mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp. Low G. _vor queer_, across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer).

=querry,= an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Marine); ‘_Querries_, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s Stables; and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See Dict. (s.v. Equerry).

=quest,= to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the sight of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of seeking for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the quarry; see EDD. F. _quester_, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that seeth, or findeth of his game’ (Cotgr.).

=quest,= an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry. Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See Dict. (s.v. Inquest).

=quest-house,= the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish were commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet).

=questmongers,= men who made a business of conducting inquiries, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. _questmongeres_ (P. Plowman, B. xix. 367).

=questuary,= profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 1 (Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L. _quaestuarius_, relating to gain; _quaestus_, gain.

=quetch, quitch,= to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’, Palsgrave; ‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39; ‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They dare not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. _quytchyn_, ‘moveo’ (Prompt.); OE. _cweccan_, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39).

=quibible,= (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time . . . to pype in a quibyble’, Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389.

=quiblin,= a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 _or_ 2) (Security); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v. Quibble).

=quich;= see =quetch.=

=quiddit,= a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood, The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3.

=quiddle,= to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your bussing base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 81. In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense of acting in a fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle, vb.^{1}).

=quight;= see =quite.=

=quile;= see =quoil=(=e==.=

=quillet,= a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 16.

=quillity,= a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp. Ital. _quilità_, _quillità_, ‘a quillity’ (Florio).

=quinch,= to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State of Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). _Not a quinch_, not a start, not a jot, ‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 28.

=quintell;= ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages, when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’, Minsheu, Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; _quintil_, Quarles, Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.).

=quip,= to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm, Greene, Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 206).

=quire,= a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See =quere.=

†=quirily,= quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not found elsewhere.

=quit,= to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont and Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See =quite.=

=quitch;= see =quetch.=

=quite, quight,= to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay, requite, id., i. 10. 67; _quite_, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10. 15, 37. ME. _quyte_, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S. Med. L. _quietare_, _quitare_, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; _quietus_, _quitus_, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange).

=quite-claim,= to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14.

=quittance,= to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2).

=quitter-bone,= an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Sete_, the quitter-bone; a round and hard swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a horse’s foot’, (Cotgrave).

=quitture,= a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. _quytere_ (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); _whytowre_ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. _quyture_ (Bozon), OF. _cuiture_, smarting, matter from a boil; _cuire_, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &c.; L. _coquere_.

=quiver,= active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 18; _quiverly_, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop. Cerem. (NED.). OE. _cwiferlīce_, actively.

=quoil=(=e,= a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed. 1860, p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; _quile_, Lord Cromwell, i. 1. 7. See NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.^{2}).

=quondam,= once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an office, one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man a quondam as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &c, Latimer, 4 Sermon bef. King, ed. Arber, p. 108. L. _quondam_, formerly.

=quook,= quaked; _pt. t._ of _quake_. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME. _quok_, quaked (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1576); but the regular pt. t. is _quaked_(_e_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 246); OE. _cwacode_, pt. t. of _cwacian_.

=quote,= to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius).

=quoth, quoathe,= to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding, Metam. v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See =coath.=

=quot-quean,= see =cot-quean.=

=quoying,= ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe quoyings . . . they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See =coy.=

R

=rabate, rabbate,= to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’, Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310); _rabbate_, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘_rabatre_, to abate, remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See =rebate= (2).

=rabbit-sucker,= a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas).

=rabbling,= disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED.

=rablement,= a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8.

=race,= to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back, 1; bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk. vii, c. 17; to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is raced’, Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.^{3}).

=rache;= see =ratch.=

=rack,= a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab). In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).

=rack,= a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii. 1. 4; Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33.

=rack,= to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer, racking with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed. Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. _rakka_, to go quickly, to run hither and thither (Rietz).

=rack and manger, at,= with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance, in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to live with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rack, sb.^{5} 16 (2)).

=rad,= agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was rad’, Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of _rede_, to take counsel together. See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1} 5). See =rede.=

=raft,= reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v. Reave, vb.^{1}).

=ragman-roll,= a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase out of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. _rolle of ragman_, a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; _rageman_, the name of a game of chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the various items contained in it, one of which the player selected or ‘drew’ at random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note by G. C. Macaulay; _rageman_, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I), appointing justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done within 25 years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2).

=ragmans rew,= a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe . . . So do we call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, _series_’, Levins, Manip.

=rahate,= ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34.

=raile, rayle,= to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8. 37; Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74.

=railed,= fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. _reiller_; L. _regulare_, to put in order.

=rain, rean,= a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt _raine_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 13. 7; _rayne_, id., 7. 20; _reane_, id., 21. 15. In general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. _rein_, a narrow strip of land, esp. one left unploughed between fields.

=raine, rayne,= realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28; id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign).

=rakehell,= a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘_Vaultneant_, _pendart_, _pendereau_, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’, Nomenclator, 1585 (Nares); ‘_Pendard_, a rake-hell, crack-rope, gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave.

=rakel,= impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, _insolens_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. _rakel_, rash, hasty (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437).

=ramage,= said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii (NED.); Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F. _ramage_, ‘sauvage, farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, _ramaticum_, deriv. of L. _ramus_, a branch.

=ramp,= a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song).

=ramp,= to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. _rampe_: ‘A litel Serpent . . . Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. _ramper_, ‘to creep, crawl’ (Cotgr.).

=ramp,= to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. _rampe_; ‘He goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. _ramper_; ‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See =raump.=

=rampallian,= a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands, Greenes Ghost (NED.).

=rampier,= a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165). Hence, _rampired_, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict.

=rampion,= a species of bell-flower, _Campanula Rapunculus_. Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. _raiponce_, ‘rampions’ (Cotgr.). The _s_ of _rampions_ has been taken for the plural _s_, and accordingly dropped.

=ranch,= to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and severely (EDD.).

=rand,= a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘_Giste de bœuf_, a rand of beef, a longe and fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’ (Cotgrave). Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.^{1} 6).

=randon:= in phr. _at randon_, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 7; Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. _randon_, force, impetuosity, the swiftness of a violent stream; hence F. _aller à grand randon_, ‘to go very fast’ (Cotgr.). See =raundon.=

=randon,= to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii. chorus, 2. F. ‘_randonner_, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H. Estienne, Précellence, 187.

=rangle,= to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36; Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase ‘a rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.^{2} 2).

=rank,= strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In Cheshire a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are numerous and angry (EDD.). ME. _rank_, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE. _ranc_, renders the Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18).

=ranpick,= partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205; Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw. ‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.).

=rap,= to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline, i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation from =rapt= (1).

=rap and rend,= to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire. Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; _rappe and rende_, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. _rape and renne_ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.^{3} (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v. Rap, 2).

=rapt,= caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23; affected with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 6. L. _raptus_, seized, snatched.

=rapt,= to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii. 96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84; Sylvester, Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see above.

=rapture,= the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being carried onward, ‘Our Ship . . . ’gainst a Rocke . . . her keele did dash With headlong rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of carrying off a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151).

=rare,= early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still in prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.^{2}. See =rear.=

=rascal,= a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile, Hunting, c. 28; p. 73. See Nares.

=rash,= to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with violence. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{2} 1).

=rash,= to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{3}).

=ratch,= a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still in use in the north country, see EDD. sb.^{4}. ME. _ratche_, hownde, odorinsecus’ (Prompt.). OE. _ræce_ (B. T.); related to Icel. _rakki_, a dog.

=ratches,= a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. _nimbi_).

=rathe,= early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy, 8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born in the earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; _rathe_, soon, id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _rathe_, early, soon; _rather_, sooner, more willingly (Chaucer). OE. _hræð_, quick, _hraðe_, quickly.

=raught,= reached; _pt. t._ and _pp._ of _to reach_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41; Hen. V, iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Reach, vb.^{1} 3).

=raump,= to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170. 30; bk. ix, c. 1. See =ramp= (3).

=raundon,= force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur, leaf 55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See =randon.=

=raven:= in phr. _raven’s bone_, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the brisket of a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). Also called _raven’s morsel_, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129.

=ravin,= to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i. 2. 133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; BIBLE, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin; ‘_Rapinare_, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); _raven_, to have a ravenous appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant, iv. 2; _ravine_, prey, booty, ‘The Lion . . . filled his holes with pray, and his dens with ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, _rapina_); ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’, All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Raven, 2).

=ray,= ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array, line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array).

=ray,= to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. For _araye_; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, _j’emboue_’, Palsgrave. ‘Ray’ is still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the proverb, ‘It’s an ill bird that rays its own nest.’

=ray, cloth of,= a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p. 390, col. 2). Cp. F. _raie_, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. _rega_, ‘sillon’ (Levy); Med. L. _riga_, a stripe, _rigatus_, striped (Ducange). See =rockray.=

=rayon,= a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7. F. _rayon_, a ray.

=raze,= to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279 (NED.).

=read;= see =rede.=

=reading,= advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See =rede.=

=ready:= in phr. _to make ready_, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself half ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella); ‘She must do nothing of herself, not eat . . . make her ready, unready, Unless he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See =unready.=

=reaks, reeks,= pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown); Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘_Faire le Diable de Vauvert_, to play monstrous reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is most bent to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731 (Jamieson). ‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or prank. See =rex.=

=re-allie,= to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23.

=realm,= region; pron. like _ream_ (of paper), and quibbled upon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore).

=reame,= a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel, Civil Wars, i. 82; _reme_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME. _reame_ (P. Plowman, A. v. 146); _reme_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _realme_ (Rough List); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme).

=reaming,= stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick, Widdowes Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 6 (2)).

=rear,= early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish pronunciation of _rare_. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See =rare.=

=rear,= insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. _hrēr_, half-cooked, underdone (Sweet).

=reare,= to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 6. Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285.

=reasty,= rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and strong-tasting through bad curing. _Reastie_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 2. OF. _resté_, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth, in T. Wright’s Vocab., 155: _chars restez_ = E. _resty flees_ (i.e. reasty flesh). _Reasty_ is still in general prov. use in England (EDD.).

=rebate,= to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90, col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. _rabatre_ (Cotgr.).

=rebate,= to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1 (King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502. See =rabate.=

=rebato, rabato,= a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873, i. 186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘_Porte-fraise_, a Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). _Rebato-wire_, a wire for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A Woman killed, v. 2. 8. F. _rabat_, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also, a falling band’ (Cotgr.).

=rebeck,= an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. _rebec_, also _rebeb_ (Levy). See Dict.

=rebeck,= to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles).

=rebelling,= a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). Span. _rebellin_, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See Dict.

=reboil,= to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10; _reboyled_, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209). F. ‘_rebouiller_, to boil once more; _rebouillonner_, to bubble’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _rebullire_, ‘recandescere’ (Ducange).

=receit,= a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413; recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. _recet_, place of resort (Rough List); O. Prov. _recet_, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L. _receptum_ (Ducange). See =recheat.=

=rechate,= the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory, Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF. _rachater_ (_racheter_); L. _re_ + Med. L. _accaptare_ (Ducange); see NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.).

=recheat,= the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the hounds together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37. Anglo-F. and OF. (Picard), _rechet_, a retreat, hence, a note of retreat; O. Prov. _recet_, ‘retraite’ (Levy). See =receit.=

=recheles,= reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. _reccelēas_. See =retchless.=

=rechlessness,= carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt _wretchlessness_). ME. _recchelesnesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 611).

=reclaim,= to call back; _reclayme_, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame, Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘_reclame_, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling, whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.).

=record,= to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = =recorder= (see below), Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142.

=recorder,= a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares.

=recoure,= to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure, I get agayne’, Palsgrave.

=recoyle;= see =recule.=

=recrayed,= recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. _recreire_, ‘se dédire’ (Moisy); O. Prov. _se recreire_, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med. L. _recredere_, to surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange).

=recreance,= _Letters of Recreance_, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland to Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F. ‘_Lettres de récréance_, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince envoie à son Ambassadeur, pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel il le rappelle; soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur, afin qu’il les rende à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762; ‘_Recreance_, a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov. _recrezensa_, ‘désistement’ (Levy).

=recule,= to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule, I go back, _je recule_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 108; _recoyle_, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; _recuile_, id., vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil).

†=recullisance,= a corrupt form of _recognisance_. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 4 (Shortyard). See =cullisen.=

=recure,= to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9. 2; 10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60; Sackville, Induction, st. 49. Hence, _recureless_, without recovery, not to be recovered from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable; Greene, James IV, ii. 2 (987; Nano).

=recuyell,= a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the title of Caxton’s book); spelt _recule_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1187. Also, a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’, Caxton, Eneydos, xviii. 66. F. ‘_recueil_, a collection, also, a reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.); ‘_recueil_, accueil’ (Estienne).

=red.= _Red lattice_, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an ale-house. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28.

=rede, read,= to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114; to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time, 633; id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. _rede_, counsel, advice. Hamlet, i. 3. 51. ME. _rede_, to advise; _reed_, _rede_, advice (Chaucer); OE. _rǣdan_; _rǣd_ (Sweet). See =rad.=

=redintegrate,= restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 42). L. _redintegratus_.

=Red-shanks,= a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs reddened by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland (Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph. Clinker (Davies).]

=redub, redoub,= to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of Virgil, bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47. Anglo-F. _redubber_, F. ‘_radouber_, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.).

=reduce,= to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol); Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2. 63; Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. _reducere_.

=reek,= a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden, Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. _hrēac_, a hayrick.

=reeke,= seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. _algae_). ME. _wreke_, of the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. _reki_ (_vreki_), seaweed drifted ashore.

=reere,= a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l. 1 (1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii (NED. s.v. Rear). ME. _rere_, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See NED. (s.v. Reere).

=reez’d,= rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112. ME. _reest_, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed).

=refel, refell,= to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Alex.). L. _refellere_.

=reflect,= to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. _reflectere_ (Cicero).

=refocillation,= a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen. B.). L. _refocillare_, to warm into life again; often used in the Vulgate for the reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et refocillatus est’, 1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12).

=reformado,= a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command (owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. _reformado_, an officer on half-pay; from _reformar_, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge, disband (cp. Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford.

=refuse me,= may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 7, col. 2 (Flamineo).

=regals,= _pl._, a small portable organ with one or two sets of reed-pipes played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F. _regales_, ‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy).

=regalo,= a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their _Salsicce_ only, which are a _Regalo_ for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed. 1698, p. 101); spelt (wrongly) _regalio_, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil., 12. Span. ‘_regálo_, a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment; _regalar_, to make much of, to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford.

=regiment,= rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. _regiment_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245, 1702). Anglo-F. _regiment_ (Gower, Mirour, 2615).

=regorge,= to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186.

=regrater, regrator,= a retailer, retail dealer. _Regrators_, pl., North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261); _regrators_ of bread-corn, Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME. _regratere_ (P. Plowman, C. iv. 82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F. _regratier_ and _regratour_ (Rough List). Med. L. _regratarius_ and _regratator_ (Ducange).

=reguerdon,= requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. _reguerdoun_ (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii. 2716). Anglo-F. _reguerdon_, reward, _reguerdoner_, to reward (Gower, Balades, xii. 2; xxiii. 3).

=relate,= to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51.

=relent,= to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F. ‘_ralentir_, to slacken’ (Cotgr.).

=relent,= to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser, Husbandry, 63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’, Hawes, Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, _relentment_, dissolution, Sir T. Browne, Urn Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. _se relenter_, to dissolve, melt (Gower, Mirour, 6603).

=relide;= see =rely.=

=relief, releef,= a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe . . . your reliefe is your sweetest note . . . when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief, sb.^{2} 7c).

=reliv’d,= recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii. 8. 3; _relyv’d_, id., iii. 4. 35.

=reluce, reluse,= to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12; _reluysing_, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘_reluire_, to shine . . . _reluisant_, shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.).

=rely,= to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered his troopes, . . . he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War, 50 (NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed, Scot. Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell relide’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. _rely_, to assemble, rally soldiers (Barbour, Bruce, iii. 34). F. _relier_, to bind; L. _religare_.

=reme,= to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart, Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25. ‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 2), cites from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e. I’ll open my heart to thee). ME. _ryme_, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931); OE. _rȳman_, to make clear space, enlarge; _rūm_, space.

=reme;= see =reame.=

=remember,= to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269; _reflex._, to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286; Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 27.

=remembrance,= memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance from the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; _to put in remembrance_, to remind, BIBLE, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12.

=remerce,= to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin we remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. _amerce_, to fine.

=remercy,= to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. _remercier_, to thank.

=remonstrance,= a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of this battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2 (Flaviano). F. ‘_remonstrer_, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’, (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _remostrar_, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy).

=remora,= the sucking-fish, _Echeneis remora_. Spenser, Vis. of World’s Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. _remora_, delay; the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course by cleaving to it.

=remord,= to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME. _remorde_, to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491). Anglo-F. _remordre_, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour, 386, 6679, 10397).

=remorse,= sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch. Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius); Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing, Skelton, Knowledge, 29; _without remorse_, without intermission, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of voice’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98.

=rendy,= a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’, Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. _rendez-vous_, a subst. use of _rendez-vous_, the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of _se rendre_, to present oneself (at a certain place).

=reneague,= to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to make denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the west country (EDD.).

=renfierst,= made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45.

=renforst,= _pt. t._ reinforced himself, gathered his strength together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48.

=renge,= a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29; ‘Renge, _ranc_’, Palsgrave.

=renge,= to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge, or set in array, _je arrengie_’, Palsgrave.

=renowme,= ‘renown’. BIBLE, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great renowme, _Illustris vir_’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186; _renowmed_, ‘renowned’, BIBLE, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard III, i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘_Renommé_, renowmed, famous, of much note’, Cotgrave.

=rense,= to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the pronunc. of ‘_rinse_’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench). See Dict.

=rent,= to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168; ‘_I rent_, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave.

=renverst,= turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37. F. _renverser_, to reverse.

=reny,= to deny, refuse. _Renide_ (for _renied_), Mirror for Mag., Guidericus, st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. _renier_, to deny.

=repeat,= to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic Love, iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. _repetere_, to seek again.

=repent,= penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.); p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34 (ed. Dyce, p. 295).

=reprie, reprive,= to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede me to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to . . . my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp., _repryed_, cp. Anglo-F. _repris_, pp. of _reprendre_, to take back.

=repriefe,= reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. _repreve_, reproof (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2413). See =priefe.=

=reprieve,= to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I repreve one, _je reprouve_’, Palsgrave. ME. _repreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. H. 70); _reprevyn_, ‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.).

=reprise, reprize,= reprisal, the act of taking something by way of retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. _reprise_, a getting something back again.

=requile,= to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671.

=require,= to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to ask as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159); The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; BIBLE, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L. _requirere_. See Bible Word-Book.

=rescous,= rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.); Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt _rescousse_, Caxton, Jason, 39 b (NED.). ME. _rescous_, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2643); OF. _rescousse_, ‘l’action de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’) (Didot). See Dict. M. and S.

=rescussing,= a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end).

=resent,= to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221. See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10).

=resiance,= a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below.

=resiant;= ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here _resiant_ in Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); _resyants_, pl., Oxford Records, Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. _reseant_, ‘habitant’ (Moisy), L. _residentem_, pres. pt. of _residere_, to sit down, to reside.

=residence,= that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut).

=resipiscency,= a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. _resipiscentia_.

=resolute,= decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute answer’, Massinger, Picture, iv. 1.

=resolution,= certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1.

=resolve,= to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free from uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy, Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous).

=respasses,= raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame, 20. For _resp-es-es_, _rasp-es-es_, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares.

=respective,= careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven. v. 1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; _respectively_, respectfully, with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five Gallants, ii. 1.

=resplendish,= to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3. OF. _resplendir_. See Croft’s note.

=rest,= a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the musket-rest was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.).

=rest,= ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had duly won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; _fig._, ‘When I cannot live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17 (Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. _to set up one’s rest_, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence, _fig._, to take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up my rest to run away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest to do more exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Alvarez); to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set up his rest in this plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys, Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See Nares.

=rest,= to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm); ‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, _je arreste_’, Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.^{2} 3).

=rest,= a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &c. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 137; _wrest_, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492.

=rest-balk,= a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4.

=resty,= inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263; Cymbeline, iii. 6. 34; _resty stiff_, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same word as ‘restive’ (‘restiff’). Anglo-F. _restif_ (Ch. Rol., 1256). See Trench, Select Glossary; and Dict. (s.v. Restive).

=retchless,= reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, Induction, st. 46. See =recheles.=

=retire,= a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21; withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27.

=retrait, retrate,= picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. _retrato_, a portrait, Ital. _ritratto_.

=retray,= _reflex_, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf 115, back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. _retraire_, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ (Cotgr.); L. _retrahere_.

=retrieve:= phr. _to bring to the retrieve_, to make the hawk return to the lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).

=revault;= see =revolt.=

=reverb,= to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. _reverberare_, to reverberate.

=reverberate,= to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=reverence:= in phr. _save reverence_, used apologetically in introducing some remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; ‘Be it spoken with save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. Ajax (NED.). Also, _saving reverence_, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is the divell himselfe’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. Save-reverence).

=revoke,= to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517).

=revolt,= to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt _revault_, to withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip); _revolt_, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, deserter, King John, v. 2. 151. See NED.

=rew,= a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. The pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME. _rewe_ (Chaucer), OE. _rǣw_ (Sweet).

=rex:= phr. _to play rex_, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, to play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. _rex_, king; due to a popular etymology); ‘To play such _Rex_’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules play _rex_’ (i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 47. See =reaks.=

=rheumatic,= suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum. Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice Valour, ii. 1 (Lady).

=rhino,= money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).

=rhinocerical,= resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term, of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). See NED.

=riband.= A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He that bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was the Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza). _Ribanded ears_, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167.

=ribaudrie,= ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, _ribaudred_, profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. _ribaudrie_ (P. Plowman, C. i. 45). Anglo-F. _ribaudrie_ (Rough List).

=ribibe,= an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); _rybybe_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson took this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. D. 1377).

=ribskin,= a leathern apron worn during the process of _ribbing_ or scraping flax. Spelt _rybskyn_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299.

=rid,= to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon, Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); _to rid way_, to get over the ground, move ahead, ‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up underwood, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.^{2} 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. Icel. _ryðja_, to clear land, Dan. _rydde_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2).

=rid,= to set free, deliver, save. BIBLE, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; Ps. lxxi (Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth a persone’, Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. _hreddan_, to deliver, cp. Dan. _redde_, G. _retten_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1).

=rid,= to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1}). See =rede.=

=ridduck,= a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward), Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See =ruddock= (2).

=ride,= to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).

=rider,= a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse, worth about 27_s._ Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. _een goude_ _ryder_, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on horseback’ (Sewel).

=ridgel,= a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word in Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term of abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’.

=ridstall-man,= a man whose business is to clear out or clean cattle-stalls. Greene, James IV, first stage-direction.

=rifely,= abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ is still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. ‘_rijf_, rife, or abundant; _rijfelick_, rifely, or abundantly’ (Hexham).

=riffle,= to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See Dict.

=rifle,= to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence _rifling_, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph Wright). Du. ‘_rijffelen_, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the Dice’ (Hexham).

=rig,= to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth unsaciably to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’, Gosson, Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54).

=rigell;= see =ridgel.=

=rin,= to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form (EDD.). ME. _ryn_, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); _rynnand_, running (Barbour’s Bruce, iii. 684).

=rine,= ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset (Barnes’ Poems), see EDD.

=ring:= in phr. _cracked within the ring_; See =crack= (3).

=ring.= _Running at the ring_, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also _riding at the ring_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

=ringled,= provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, ii. 143.

=ringman,= the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. _ryngeman fyngur_, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. 243), Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The ring (i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger).

=ringo-root,= an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112.

=ringtail,= the female of the hen-harrier. Used _fig._ Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED.

=rippier, ripper,= an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED.

=rish,= a rush. Spelt _rishe_, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); pl. _rishes_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. 7A. ‘Rish’ is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in Yorks., Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush, sb.^{1} (10)). OE. _risc_ (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503).

=risp,= a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam. xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘_Boschetto_, a grove . . . a rispe, a lushe or lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD.

=risse,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. _rison_), B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. _risen_), id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of _risse_ for the pt. s. occurs in Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and occasionally elsewhere. ‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD.

=ritter,= a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy). G. _Ritter_, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’.

=rittlerattle,= a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 (1603); Latin text, _Sistraque_. See NED.

=rivage,= shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. F. _rivage_.

=rive,= to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 29; to be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict.

=rive= [riv], for _riven_, pp. of _rive_, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 5 (riming with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. Anglia (EDD.).

=rivelled,= wrinkled; spelt _ryvilde_, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. 1883, 54), ‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, gathered in small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 (Dido). In prov. use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. _riveled_, wrinkled (Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. _rifelede_, ‘rugosus’ (Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78).

=rivo!,= an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘_Rivo_, sayes the drunkard’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In Portuguese ships they use the cry _Arriba! Arriba!_, ‘Up! Up!’, for summoning sailors to their work. See Stanford.

=road,= a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador).

=roarer;= the same as =roaring boy,= q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3 (Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 102.

=roaring,= the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, i. 3 (Spencer).

=roaring boys,= a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers whose delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Castruccio). There was but one _roaring girl_, viz. Mary Frith, or Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring Girl.

=Roaring-Meg.= ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest Canons in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, p. 195); Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable.

=roat;= See =rote= (2).

=rochet,= a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino); Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104.

=rochet,= the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye, lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘_rochet_, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ (Cotgr.). OF. _rochet_, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot).

=rock,= a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. _rokkr_.

=rocket,= a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. _roquet_, ‘rochet, surplis’ (Levy); Norm. F. _roquet_, manteau court (Moisy).

=rocket,= a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See =rochet= (2).

=rockray,= a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 20 from end. _Ray_ = F. _raie_, Med. L. _riga_ (Ducange).

=Roger,= a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, _Tib of the buttery_ is given as another cant name for the goose. See Halliwell.

=roile, royle,= an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 76; ‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene (ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, ch. 17 (ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The Flemish roile’, Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.).

=roile,= to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Tibet); Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, _divagari_’, Levins, Manip.; Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. _roile_, to roam about (Chaucer, C.T. D. 653, Lansd. MS.); _roylyn_ or gone ydyl abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ (Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. x. 297, p. 94.

=roister, royster,= a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen and suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘_Rustre_, a royster, swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Roistering).

=roisting,= the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 208.

=roke,= to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3).

=rom,= good, phr. _rom bouse_, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). See =Rom-vile.=

=romage,= bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6).

=rombelow=(=e,= a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252; ‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. _rumbeloo_ (Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow).

=romekin,= some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’, Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. _roemer_, a wine-glass (Sewel). See NED. (s.v. Rumkin^{1}).

=Rom-vile,= a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). _Rom_, i.e. good, refers to _Rommany_, gipsy; _vile_ = F. _ville_, town. See =rom.=

=rondure, roundure,= a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8. F. _rondeur_, roundness (Cotgr.).

=ront,= a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 5. Du. _rund_, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham).

=ronyon;= see =runnion.=

=roodes.= In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the sense of ‘crosses’, vexations.

=rook,= _reflex_, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the chimney’s top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. Rook, vb.^{3}). ME. _rouken_ (Chaucer). See =rucke.=

=room,= widely. _Roomer_, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on Bishops (Nares). OE. _rūme_, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.).

=roome mort, rome mort,= a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘_Rome mort_, the quene’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. _Rome_, excellent (in Rommany); See =mort= (2).

=rope:= in phr. _to run upon the ropes_, to act the part of a rope-dancer, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 41.

=roperipe,= ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry, § 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; see Nares.

=ropery,= knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); cp. _roper_, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); rope-tricks, knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112.

=rosa solis,= i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously flavoured with spices; ‘Run for some _Rosa-solis_’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; Middleton, Blurt, iii. 3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called _Rosa-Solis_, whereof they make Strong Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See Stanford.

=rosaker,= alteration of _rosalger_, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. _rosalgár_, ‘réalgar, sulfure d’arsenic’ (Roquette); Span. _rejalgar_; ‘le terme signifie propremont _poudre de caverne_, et je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, parce qu’on le tirait des mines d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332.

=rose.= The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, and had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head; see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk).

=rose,= a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug).

=rose-noble,= a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying value; sometimes worth 16_s_. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain).

=roset,= roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. _purpureum_); vii. 26 (L. _roseis_).

=rosiall,= rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. 1531). [I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem called the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the Courte of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. 1532.]

=rosiere,= a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. _rosier_ (Cotgr.); L. _rosarium_; from _rosa_, a rose.

=ros-marine,= rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson, Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. _rosmarinum_, rosemary, lit. marine dew (Pliny). F. _rosmarin_, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 (s.v. Ros marinus).

=rost:= in phr. _to rule the rost_, to be absolute in authority, to domineer. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See =rule the roast.=

=rote,= a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME. _rote_, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. _rote_ (Didot), O. Prov. _rota_, ‘rote, instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. _rota_ (Schade); probably of Celtic origin, cp. O. Irish _crot_, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish _cruit_ (Dinneen), whence ME. _croude_ (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict.

=rote, roat,= to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . . each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath.

=rother,= a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. _rother_ (Gower, C. A. ii. 2494); OE. _rōðer_, a steering-paddle.

=rouke,= to squat, crouch, used _fig._; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See =rucke.=

=rouncival, rownseval,= huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt _rounceval_, a woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii (Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See =runcival pease.=

=round,= to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. _rownen_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 241); OE. _rūnian_.

=round,= a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by two or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot).

=round:= phr. _gentlemen of the round_, soldiers whose business it was to go round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end).

=round,= plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain); Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192.

=roundly,= readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off roundly’ (i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 (Latrocinio); in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 59). Still in prov. use (EDD.).

=rous,= with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes). ‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless _s_), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a crash’, is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).

=rouse,= a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking bout, Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. _ruus_, a headache from drinking (Aasen); Dan. _rus_, intoxication: _sove rusen ud_, to sleep out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. _roes_: ‘_eenen roes drinken_, to drink till one is fuddled; _hy heeft eenen roes weg_, he is fuddled’ (Sewel).

=rout,= a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the company is called an _heard_, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, or a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. _route_, ‘troupe’ (Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route).

=rout,= to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S.

=rove,= to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at random, and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, Albion’s England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me with glauncing eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without fixed aim, ‘Manie bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. (NED.); _a rovynge marke_, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; _rovers_, arrows used for this kind of shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Masque 2 (Cupid); _to shoot at rovers_, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows are but shot at rovers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ (i.e. at random), Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14.

=rowel,= to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the centre, into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind of seton; ‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iii. 2 (Young Loveless).

=rowen,= the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish; the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst. Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); _rowen grass_, Holland, Pliny, xviii. 28; _rowen hay_, id., _rowen partridge_, a partridge frequenting a field of ‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also _rowen_, ‘As for the partridges . . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to wait’, id., 219. The word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from Linc. and Worc. to Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. _raweyne hey_, ‘fenum serotinum’ (Prompt.); _rewayn_ (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, Surtees, 170). Norm.F. *_rewain_ (mod. Picard _rouain_) = F. _regain_; _gaïn_ = Romanic type _guadīmen_, _wadīmen_, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. _weida_, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), p. 371.

=royal,= a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not expressly mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. 67; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28.

=royne,= to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure with rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A north-country word (EDD.). See NED.

=royne,= to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. _Flectere iussa_). OF. _roignier_, to cut so as to round off. See =proine= (to prune).

=roynish,= scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘_rongneux_, scurvie, mangy’; ‘_rongne_, the mange’ (Cotgr.); mod. F. _rogne_, _rogneux_.

=rub,= in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to _rob_; ‘_Piller_, to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave.

=ruck,= a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. Drayton, Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat. Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. _rukhkh_. See Stanford (s.v. Roc).

=ruck,= to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. _ructare_. See NED.

=rucke,= to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’, Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.^{5}). ME. _rukkyn_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See =rook, rouke.=

=ruddock,= the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, iv. 2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _ruddok_ (Prompt), OE. _rudduc_.

=ruddock,= a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal, ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares.

=rudesby,= an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; fol. 64, back (1603).

=ruelle,= the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Wildair). ME. _ruel_ (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘_ruelle: la ruelle du lict_, the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.).

=ruffe,= ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. Triomphe); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at Cards, _Charta dominatrix_’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. _ronfa_, a card-game (Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of _trionfo_; F. ‘_triomphe_, a Trump at cards’ (Cotgr.).

=ruffe,= the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam. xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94).

=ruffin,= the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389).

=ruffin,= a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. 291; as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 34.

=ruffler,= one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.

=ruffmans,= a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =darkmans.=

=ruffpeck,= bacon (Cant). ‘_Ruff peck_, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; ‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=rug-gown,= a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen; hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by astrologers, ‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing but to . . . make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. 2 (Sordido); Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho).

=rule,= course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. ME. _rule_, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34).

=rule,= disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! _Quid turbae est!_’, W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make the rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a reul’s here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). ‘Reul’ (or ‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to behave in a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word ‘roil’, to be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.^{2} 1).

=rule the roast,= to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am a very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).

=ruless,= rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431.

=ruly,= orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, ch. 40, st. 20.

=rumbelo,= rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See =rombelow=(=e==.=

†=rumming= (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 (L. _torrentis aquae_).

=run at the ring;= See =ring= (2).

=runcival pease,= runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, Husbandry, § 41. 9. See =rouncival.=

=rundle,= applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence _rundled_, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 239.

=runnion= (=ronyon=), an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, i. 3. 6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195.

=rush-buckler,= a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82).

=rushes,= with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1.

=russeting,= a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker). See Dict. (s.v. Russet).

=russet-pated;= ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21.

=rutter,= a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, borne in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe, Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. _ruiter_, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp. O. Prov. _rotier_, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; _rota_, a band of men, a troop (Appel); Med. L. _rupta_ ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. Rumpere, p. 237, col. 3).

=ruttock,= a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; _rottocke_, id., Diogenes, § 116.

=rutty,= full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12.

=rye-strew,= a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon. Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203.

S

=sack,= a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 516).

=sackage, saccage,= the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; _to saccage_, to sack or plunder, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. _saccager_, to sack, ransack, pillage (Cotgr.).

=sackful,= given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag., Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601.

=sackless,= guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. Dyce, p. 299); _sakeles_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _sakless_, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 175). OE. _saclēas_, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, Lind.).

=sacrament,= an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. _sacramentum_, the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn engagement.

=sacring-bell,= the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. _sacre_, to consecrate the elements in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, _Je sacre_’, Palsgrave. ME. _sacryn_ or halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.).

=sad,= settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; ‘Settled in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. 541; grave, serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of attire), F. Q. i. 10. 7. ME. _sad_ or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ (Prompt.).

=sadness,= seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. _sadnesse_ in poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.).

=safe,= to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; _saft_, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444.

=safeguard,= an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when riding; ‘Enter _Moll_, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine). Formerly in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced ‘seggard’; see (EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares.

=saffo,= a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8 (1 Avoc). Ital. ‘_zaffo_ (_saffo_), a common serjeant or base catch-pole, specially in Venice’ (Florio).

=sag=(=g,= to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; _fig._ (of the mind), ‘The minde I sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; _sagge_, hanging or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.^{2}). ME. _saggyn_ (Prompt.).

=sagg,= to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. _sagga_, to walk heavily and slowly from weariness (Ross).

=saine,= _pr. pl._, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. _seien_, pr. pl. P. Plowman).

=saint,= a card-game; see =cent.=

=Saint Nicholas’ clerk,= a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas).

=Saint Thomas à Waterings,= a place anciently used for executions for the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated at the second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the first place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden . . . Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors areste’, Chaucer, C. T. A. 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn . . . come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And so go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See Nares (s.v. Waterings).

=saker,= a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This word for a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 338.

=sale,= a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD. (s.v. Seal, sb.^{3}). OE. _sealh_, a willow.

=sale,= a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713); The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. _salle_ (_sale_), a hall (Cotgr.).

=saliant,= sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio). From the heraldic use, as ‘lion _saliant_’. Anglo-F. _saillant_, pres. pt. of _sailler_, to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469).

=saliaunce,= assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. _assaillir_, to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); _saillir_ (Wace, Rom. de Rou, 2595).

=sallet,= a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed. Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to _sallet_, a form of _salad_; as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. _salada_, sorte de casque (Levy), F. _salade_, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), Ital. _celata_, ‘a morion, a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares.

=Salmon, Salomon,= the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon, a alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.).

=salpa,= a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. _salpa_ (Pliny).

=salt.= A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long table, to divide the company according to their social rank; those of inferior distinction being placed _below the salt_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). _Above the salt_, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1 (Steward).

=salt,= a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil (Lodovico), ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). L. _saltus_, a leap.

=saltimbanco,= a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. i, c. 3, § 11; _saltinbancho_, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. _saltimbanco_, a mountebank; from _saltare in banco_, to mount upon a bench; ‘_Salta in banco_, as _Monta in banco_; _montáre in bánco_, to play the mountebank’ (Florio). Span. ‘_Sálta en banco_, a mountebank’ (Stevens). See Stanford.

=salue,= to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; _salew_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. _salue_, _salewe_ (Chaucer); F. _saluer_; L. _salutare_.

=saluë, salvee,= some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees ten’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives a quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20 Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc. Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588).

=salvage,= savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. _salvatge_, ‘qui vit dans les bois, sauvage, farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. _salvaticus_ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _salvático_; L. _silvaticus_ (Pliny).

=salvatory,= a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv. 2 (Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’, Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘_Salvatory_, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves, Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. _salvalorium_ is given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) _vivarium piscium_, (2) _monasterium_, ‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus _salvatur_ seu servatur’.

=salvee;= see =saluë.=

=sam,= together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. _sum_, together (Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S.

=sambuke,= a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. _sambuke_ (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5), L. _sambuca_ (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX).

=sambuke,= a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, ix. 73. L. _sambuca_ (Vegetius).

=samite,= a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17; leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and 144]. O. Prov. _samit_, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. _examitum_; Byz. Gk. ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see Ducange (s.v. Exametum); cp. Span. _xaméte_ (Stevens).

=sampire,= ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15; _sampier_, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘_herbe de S. Pierre_, sampire’ (Cotgr.).

=sampsuchine,= oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram.

=sanbenito.= Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and behind, worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors . . . bringing with them certaine fooles coats . . . called . . . _S. Benitos_’, M. Phillips in Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a black colour ornamented with flames, devils, and other devices worn by an impenitent heretic at an auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all the flames and devils in hell’, Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’ are referred to vaguely. The garment was so called from _San Benito_, St. Benedict, from its resemblance to the scapular introduced by St. Benedict. See NED. and Stanford.

=sance-bell, saunce-bell,= corruptly =saint’s-bell,= the Sanctus-bell, the bell orig. rung at the _Sanctus_ at Mass. The _Sanctus_ or _Ter-sanctus_ refers to the word _sanctus_ (thrice repeated) in the conclusion to the Eucharistic preface; in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, holy, holy’. _Sance-bells_, pl., Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt _saint’s bell_, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119; _saunce-bell_, Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell).

=sanctus:= phr. _a black sanctus_, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 (Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); _black Saunce_, Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2. 33. See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and =tintamar.=

=sanglier,= a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100; Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. _sanglier_, Med. L. _singularis_ (Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a boar separated from the herd. See =singler.=

=sanjak.= In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts of a ‘vilayet’; _sangiacque_, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.); _sanzacke_, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 (Carazie); _sanziack_, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); _sandiack_, Shirley, Imposture, v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. _sangiacco_ (Florio), Turk. _sanjāq_, lit. a banner (NED.); _sanjac_, a province, T. Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90. See Stanford.

=sanna,= a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). L. _sanna_, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, a buffoon; one who makes grimaces. See =stork’s bill.=

=sans,= without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i. 2. 97.

=sapa,= new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. _sapa_ (Pliny).

=sapor.= _Sapor Pontic_, _Sapor Styptic_: particular ‘Sapors’, savours frequently mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). L. _sapor_, taste.

=sarcocolla,= an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to _sacrocolla_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from its power of healing or agglutinating wounds.

=sarell,= a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. _sérail_, a seraglio; Pers. _serāi_, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford (s.v. Seraglio).

=sarza,= sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict.

=sasarara,= a corruption of _certiorari_, the name of a certain writ at law. Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); _sesarara_, Puritan Widow, iii. 2. 81. See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in prov. use in the sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. _with a siserary_ means ‘with a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy, vi. 47 (Davies).]

=sattle,= to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii. 345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave. Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a quarrel, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{1}). ME. _sahtlen_, to bring to a peaceful agreement, to reconcile (_sahhtlenn_ in Ormulum, 351); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sahtlien). OE. _sahtlian_ (Chron. ann. 1066). Etym. doubtful; see NED.

=sattle,= to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{2} 3). ME. _sattle_ (York Plays, 328); _satlynge_, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Settle, vb., 13).

=saturity,= repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2; _saturitie_, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 24, st. 48. L. _saturitas_ (Pliny).

=satyrion,= the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk. σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158.

=saugh,= a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’ in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.^{2}).

=saulf,= ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. _saulf_, safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf).

=saunce-bell;= see =sance-bell.=

=sawtry,= a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358. ME. _sautrye_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 296).

=say,= to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He sayes his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set oneself to do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); ‘Who sayd to wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age (NED.). See Dict.

=say,= ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living to be wretched To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, is in prov. use in Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Say, vb.^{2} 1).

=say:= phr. _to take the say_, to draw the knife along the belly of a slain deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 10. For _assay_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. Say).

=scalado,= an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165). Span. _escalada_, ‘an escalade or taking a place with scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. _scala_, a ladder.

=scale,= to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps of cares . . . are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon (Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘_scalare_, to ascend by ladder’ (Florio); Span. _escalar_ (Stevens).

=scaledrake,= ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.).

=scall,= a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. BIBLE, Lev. xiii. 30 (printed _skall_, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running ulcers and scals’, Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.^{1}). ME. _scalle_ (Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7).

=scald,= afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of contempt, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brothers, i (Grandpree); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Fluello). ME. _scalled_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 627).

=scamble,= to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser, Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, _scambling_, shambling, shuffling, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 (Livio). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=scand,= _pp._, ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. _scandere_, to climb.

=scantle,= to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1327); p. 134, col. 1.

=scantling,= limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘_Eschantillon_, a scantling, sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _escauntiloun_ (Rough List).

=scar,= a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.^{1}). Icel. _sker_, an isolated rock in the sea.

=scarab,= a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax). Gk. σκάραβος, a beetle.

=Scarborough warning,= very short notice, or no notice at all; a surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED.

=scarlet,= a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be . . . next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle).

=scarmoge,= an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34. ME. _scarmuch_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. _escarmouche_, a skirmish (Cotgr.); Ital. _scaramuccia_ (Florio).

=scartoccio,= a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. _scartoccio_, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ (Florio). Cp. _cartoccio_, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. _cartouche_, E. _cartridge_.

=scath,= harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME. _scathe_, harm (Chaucer, C. T. A. 446); Icel. _skaði_.

=scatterling,= one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63.

=scaure;= see =scour.=

=scerne,= to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22.

=schellum,= a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch _schellum_?’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; _skellum_, id., Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word (EDD.). Du. _schelm_, a rogue (Hexham).

=sciatherical,= concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a sundial. _Scioferical_, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); _scioterical_, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, from σκαθήρας, a shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to catch.

=scole,= a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606; xxii. 180. Icel. _skāl_, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. _skaal_, a bowl.

=scolopendra,= a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. _scolopendra_; Gk. σκολόπενδρα, a milliped.

=scombre,= to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; _skommer_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See =scumber.=

=scope,= a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός, a mark.

=scorse, scourse,= to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196); ‘_Barater_, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence _skoser_, a horse-corser, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). ‘Scorse’ is in prov. use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 136.

=scot and lot,= a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. _to pay scot and lot_, to pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte Termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word _scot_ = Anglo-F. _escot_, a payment (Rough List). See =shot.=

=scot-free,= free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob).

=scotomy,= dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα, dimness; from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness.

=scour,= to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’, Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was bound to scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’ (or ‘Scaur’ in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea, see EDD. (s.v. Scour, vb.^{1} 4).

=scour the queer cramp-ring,= to wear the prison fetters (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_skower the cramp-rings_, weare fetters’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘_quyerkyn_ (= queer ken), a pryson-house’, ib.

=’scourse,= for _discourse_; with a quibbling reference to _scourse_ or _scorse_, to barter. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan).

=scout,= a slang term for a watch, or pocket time-piece; because a _scout_ is a _watchman_. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond senior).

=scrag,= a scraggy creature, lean man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 606.

=scrat,= to scratch. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, st. 115; ‘I scratte as a beest dothe that hath sharp nayles, _Je gratigne_’, Palsgrave. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _scrattyn_, or scracchyn (Prompt.); to _scratte_, ‘scalpere’ (Cath. Angl.).

=scratches, the,= a disease of horses, in which the pasterns appear as if scratched. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Arestin_, the scratches in a horses pasterne’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. (1623).

=scrawl, scraul,= to ‘crawl’. Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune, i. 1. 15; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 146; _scraul_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 9. See Nares (s.v. Scrall). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.).

=screwed gun,= a gun furnished with a screwed barrel, i.e. having a helically grooved bore. Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). First known in 1646.

=scrike,= to ‘shriek’. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 18. Swed. _skrika_, to shriek. In prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Skrike).

=scrimer,= a fencer. Hamlet, iv. 7. 101. Cp. ‘scrim’ in prov. use for striking vigorously, ‘scrimmish,’ a skirmish (EDD.). F. _escrimeur_, ‘a fencer’; _escrimer_, ‘to fence, or play at fence, also, to lay hard about him’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Skirmish).

=scroyle,= a scoundrel; a term of contempt. King John, ii. 1. 373; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). Of obscure origin (NED.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., 263.

=scruze,= to press out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 56. A Glouc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Scruse).

=scry,= to descry, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 38; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 190. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Scry, vb.^{2} 2). Norm. F. _escrier_, ‘explorer, chercher à découvrir’ (Moisy).

=scryne,= chest, ark. Spenser, Introd. to F. Q., st. 2. L. _scrinium_, a box for keeping books, letters, &c.

=scull, skull,= a ‘school’ of fish, a ‘shoal’. Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, st. 29; Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 22 (ed. 1623); Milton, P. L. vii. 402; a covey of pheasants, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 3 (Petulus); a troop, company, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 57. ‘Scull’ is in prov. use in Hants. for a great number of people, see EDD. (s.v. School, sb.^{2} 2).

=scum, skumme,= to scour, with respect to land or sea; ‘There were sent forth rydars to skumme the country’, Morte Arthur, leaf 26, back, 30; bk. i, c. 13. F. ‘_escumer_; _escumer la mer_, to scowr, as a fleet, the sea’ (Cotgr.); _escumeur_, ‘corsaire qui fait des courses sur mer, pirate’ (Didot).

=scumber,= to void excrement, as a dog or fox. ‘_Fienter_, to dung, scumber’, Cotgrave; ‘When they (hounds) are led out of their kennels to scumber’, Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo). Used in Cornwall of a bird (EDD.). OF. _escombrer_, to clean out (Godefroy). See =bescumber, scombre.=

=scur;= see =skirr.=

=scurer,= a scout, one sent forward to reconnoitre. Mirror for Mag., Guidericus, st. 36; ‘Out was our scurer sent agayn . . . to shew wher aboute the place was’, More, Comfort ag. Tribulation (Wks., p. 1181). OF. _descouvreur_, ‘espion, qui va à la découverte’ (Didot); Med. L. _disco-operator_ (Ducange).

=scurrile,= scurrilous, vulgarly witty. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 148; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 153. L. _scurrilis_, buffoon-like; from _scurra_, a buffoon.

=scut,= a hare. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 632. ME. _scut_, a hare (Prompt.).

=scute,= a coin of small value. Chapman, All Fools, v. 1 (Valerio). In prov. use from Dorset to Cornwall for a sum of money, see EDD. (s.v. Scute, sb.^{1}). Properly an E. name for the French coin called _ėcu_, OF. _escut_, L. _scutum_, a shield.

=sdayn,= to disdain. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 44.

=sea-card,= the card on which the points of the compass were marked. Fletcher, The Chances, i. 10 (near the end). See =card.=

=sea-holm,= sea-holly. Drayton, Pol. i. 125. Cp. _holm-oak_; and see =eringo.=

=seam,= fat, grease. Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 195; Dryden, tr. Aeneid, vii. 867. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Saim). ME. _seim_, grease (Ancr. R. 412). Anglo-F. _saim_, ‘adeps’ (Ps. lxii. 6), cp. Ital. _saime_, O. Prov. _sagin_ (_saīn_), ‘graisse’ (Levy), Med. L. _sagimen_, ‘adeps, sagina’ (Ducange).

=searce, searse,= to sift through a sieve. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). ‘Searce’ was formerly a widely spread prov. word for a fine sieve; as a vb. ‘to sift’ it still appears in Northumbrian and Kentish Glosses (EDD.). ME. _sarce_, a sieve (Prompt.); _sarcyn_, to sift (id., EETS. 450; see notes, no. 1875 and no. 2204). OF. _saas_ (F. _sas_), a sieve. Span. _cedazo_, Med. L. _setatium_ (Ducange), der. of L. _seta_, _saeta_, a bristle.

=sear-cloth,= to cover with ‘cere-cloth’ or waxed cloth. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See =cere-cloth.=

=season upon= (or =on=), to seize upon. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 15; ‘I season upon a thynge as a hauke doth, _je assaysonne_. She saysouned upon the fesante at the first flyght’, Palsgrave; ‘It is mete for any lyon . . . to season his pawes upon his pray’, Acolastus, ii. 3. See NED. (s.v. Season, vb. 5).

=sect,= a class or kind of persons, used with reference to sex, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 41; Fletcher, Valentinian, i. 1 (Chilax); Middleton, Mad World, ii. 6. In prov. use in various parts of England; also in illiterate use in London; see EDD. and NED. Cp. Chaucer, ‘(The wife of Bath) and al hire secte’ (C. T. E. 1171). L. _secta_, a following, a school or sect of philosophy.

=sectary,= one who belongs to a sect, a dissenter. Hen. VIII, v. 3. 70; Puritan Widow, i. 2. 5. F. _sectaire_, ‘a sectary, follower of a sect’ (Cotgr.).

=sectour,= executor. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 62; ‘Sectour, _executeur_’, Palsgrave. ME. _sectour_, ‘exequitour’ (Cath. Angl.); _seketowre_, ‘executor’ (Prompt., Harl. MS.).

=Sedgeley curse,= an imprecation recorded by Ray among the proverbs of Staffordshire. It is given by Beaumont and Fl. in this form: ‘A Sedgly curse light on him, which is, Pedro, The fiend ride through him booted and spurred, With a scythe at his back!’, Tamer Tamed, v. 2; Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Plenty). See Nares.

=see,= a seat of dignity or authority, a throne; ‘Jove laught on Venus from his soveraigne see’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 2; the dwelling-place of a monarch, F. Q. iv. 10. 30.

=see,= _pret. s._ (I) saw, (he) saw, Greene, Sonnet, l. 4 (ed. Dyce, 292). Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. See, 1 (6)). OE. _seah_, pt. t. of _sēon_, to see.

=seek:= phr. _to blow a seek_, to sound notes on a horn, summoning hounds to the chase of a deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, i. 314).

=seek:= phr. _to seek_, at a loss, badly off; ‘The Merchant will be to seeke for Money’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 4; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 2. Cp. Porson’s famous epigram in Museum Criticum, i. 332, ‘The Germans in Greek, Are sadly to seek’, &c. See NED. (s.v. Seek, vb. 20 b).

=seel,= to close up a bird’s eyelids, by means of a thread passed through them. _A seeled dove_, ‘She brought them to a seeled dove, who the blinder she was, the higher she strave’, Sidney, Arcadia (ed. Sommer, 65); Bacon, Essay 36. It was believed that a seeled dove would mount always higher aloft, till it sank from exhaustion; see Ford, Broken Heart, ii. 2. 3. Palsgrave has: ‘I cele a hauke, _Ie cile_.’ F. _ciller_, ‘to seele, or sow up the eyelids’ (Cotgr.); _cil_, an eyelash, L. _cilium_, an eyelid, eyelash.

=seeld,= seldom, Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 20. See =seld.=

=seeling,= a wainscot, wainscoting. Bacon, Essay 54; ceiling, North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (in Shak. Plut. p. 238).

=seemless,= unseemly. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 25; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xx. 397.

=seemlyhed,= comeliness. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14.

=seen,= equipped, furnished; versed, practised; ‘Seen in many things’, Heywood, A Woman killed, ii. 1 (Frankford); _well seen_, Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 136; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8 (p. 37). In prov. use (EDD.).

=sege,= a seat. Morte Arthur, leaf 220. 7; bk. x, c. 16. ME. _sege_: ‘He schal sitte on the sege of his maieste’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxv. 31). Anglo-F. _sege_, seat (Ps. lxxxviii. 14), O. Prov. _setge_, ‘siège, banc, séance, siège d’une ville’ (Levy). See =siege.=

=seggs,= sedges. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 3. 15. A Northern form (EDD.).

=Seisactheia,= an ordinance of Solon by which all debts were lowered. Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. σεισάχθεια, a shaking off of burdens.

=selago,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. _selago_, a plant resembling the savin-tree.

=selar,= a canopy of a bed; ‘The selar of the bedde’, Morte Arthur, leaf 349, back, 24; bk. xvii, c. 6. ‘Cellar for a bed, _ciel de lit_’, Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Celure).

=selcouth,= strange, uncommon. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. A Scottish poetical word (EDD.). ME. _selcouth_, strange, wonderful (P. Plowman, C. i. 5); OE. _seldcūð_, strange, lit. seldom known.

=seld,= seldom. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 150; hence _seld-shown_, seldom shown, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 229; _seld-seen_, Humour out of Breath, i. 1 (Octavio); as adj. rare, scarce, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 4. ME. _seld_ (_selde_), seldom (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2343). See =seeld.=

=sellary,= a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). L. _sellarius_ (Tacitus).

=sely,= harmless; ‘A selye innocente hare murdered of a dogge’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, p. 111). Also, poor, helpless, Tusser, Husbandry, § 51. 18. ME. _sely_, simple, innocent, also, poor, pitiable (Chaucer); but Chaucer uses the word also in other senses: good, holy, happy. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v. Silly). See =silly.=

=semblably,= similarly. 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 21. F. _semblable_, like. F. _sembler_, to seem, resemble.

=semblant,= demeanour. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 31; Morte Arthur, bk. ii, c. 17; _to make semblant_ (= F. _faire semblant_), to make a show, appearance, or pretence (of doing something), id., bk. vii, c. 8.

=seminary,= an Englishman educated as a Popish priest in a foreign seminary. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo).

=semitary,= a form of scimetar. B. Jonson, Case is altered, v. 2 (Juniper); _semitarie_, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor). See =cemitare.=

=sempster,= a sempstress; also a spinster, as applied to the three Fates, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Shadow). In prov. use in Yorks. and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Seamster). ME. _semster_ (Dest. Troy, 1585), OE. _sēamestre_, a sempstress (B. T.).

=sennet,= a signal-call played on a trumpet, the signal for entrance or exit. Common in the stage-directions in the Tudor drama. It occurs in various forms, such as _synnet_, _sinet_, _cynet_, _signate_. Hen. VIII, ii. 4; J. Caesar, i. 2; Ant. and Cl. ii. 7; Coriol. ii. 1; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. O. Prov. _senhet_ (_signet_), ‘signe’ (Levy), OF. _sinet_ (Littré). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 264.

=sensing,= ‘incensing’, use of incense. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 30). ME. _censynge_, ‘turificacio’ (Prompt.).

=sent,= perception. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 43. The old spelling of _scent_; so in Cotgrave, ‘_Odeur_, sent, smell’.

=sere,= separate, distinct, each in particular. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 107). ME. _ser_, distinct, each in particular (Ormin, 18653). Icel. _sér_, orig. dat. of refl. pron. ‘for oneself’, hence as adv. separately.

=sere,= the claw or talon of a bird or beast of prey. Usually in the pl. _seres_; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 212; xii. 213; Odyssey, ii. 238; Revenge of Bussy, iii. 1 (Clermont); Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1. 16. F. _serre_, a hawk’s talon (Cotgr.).

=sere,= the catch in a gun-lock which is released by the trigger. Hamlet, ii. 2. 337 (see note by W. Aldis Wright). It was like a claw. See above.

=serene,= a chill evening air; ‘Some serene blast me’, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Celia); Epigrams, xxxii (last line). F. _serein_, ‘the mildew, or harmful dew of some summer evenings’ (Cotgr.). Ital. ‘_sereno_, the night calm; _serenata_, music played in a clear evening’ (Florio).

=sericon,= the name of some chemical substance. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). See NED.

=serpentin,= a kind of cannon. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 159; ‘_Serpentine_, the artillery called a Serpentine or Basiliskoe’, Cotgrave.

=serpigo,= a general term for creeping or spreading skin diseases, esp. ringworm, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 31 (variously spelt in the edd.). Medical L. _serpigo_, ‘teter’ (Alphita, 167), deriv. of _serpere_, to creep.

=servant,= a professed lover, one who is devoted to the service of a lady. Two Gent. of Verona, ii. 1. 106, 114, 140. Very common. Cp. Ital. _cavaliere servente_; see Fanfani.

=servulate,= to serve obsequiously. Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. 2 (Egremont). From L. _servulus_, dimin. of servus, a slave.

=sesama,= oil from the seeds of a plant, sesame, one of the ingredients of a perfume. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. σησάμη.

=sesarara;= see =sasarara.=

=sess, seiss,= to assess. Pt. t. _sessyd_, Fabyan, Chron., p. vii, ann. 1257-8 (ed. Ellis, p. 344); pp. _seissed_, North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 33 (in Shak. Plut., p. 204). In prov. use (EDD.).

=set out the throat,= to set up a noise, cry out. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Face); Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito).

=setter,= a confederate of sharpers or swindlers, employed as a decoy (Cant). Nashe, Strange Newes, 1592; see Aydelotte, p. 86; Butler, Hud., Lady’s Answer, 153. One who marks down travellers to be robbed by thieves, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 53.

=settle,= a long bench, with a very high back. Albumazar, i. 1 (Ronca). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Settle, sb.^{2}).

=setwall,= the East Indian plant zedoary, Palsgrave; the plant valerian, ‘Drink-quickning Setwale’, Spenser, Muiopotmos, 196; spelt cetywall, Drayton, Ballad of Dowsabell, 33 (in later editions _setywall_). ME. _setwale_ or _sedwale_, ‘zedoarium’ (Prompt.); _cetewale_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3207). O. Span. _cetoal_, _sitoval_, _cedoaria_; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 251.

=sew,= to follow; ‘Seven kings sewen me’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 248; to sue, to plead, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 29; to woo, id., iii. 5. 47. See Dict. (s.v. Sue).

=sew,= to drain dry; ‘To drain and sew’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Jul. Caesar, § 39 (in Shak. Plut., p. 93); Tusser, Husbandry, 32. In prov. use in E. Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Sew, vb.^{2}). OF. _esuer_ (Burguy); F. _essuier_, to dry up (Cotgr.); _essuier_, ‘évier, conduit par lequel s’écoulent les eaux sales d’une cuisine’ (Didot). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Essuyer).

=sewell;= see =shewelle.=

=sewer,= an attendant at a meal who superintended the seating of the guests, and the tasting and serving of the dishes. Macbeth, i. 7, Stage Direction. ME. _sewer_ at the mete, ‘depositor, discoforus’ (Cath. Angl.); _seware_ at mete, ‘dapifer’ (Prompt.). OF. _asseour_, ‘en parlant du service de la table, _qui fait asseoir_’ (Godefroy), Pop. L. _assedatorem_ (acc.), one who sets, places, deriv. of _assedare_, to set, place, cp. Norm. F. _aseer_, to place; see Moisy.

=sextile,= denoting the aspect or relative position of two planets, when distant from each other by sixty degrees; a sextile aspect. Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Randolph, Jealous Lovers, v. 2; Milton, P. L. x. 659.

=seymy,= greasy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 169. See =seam.=

=sforzato,= a galley-slave. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. ‘_sforzati_, galley-slaves, as forced to do anything’ (Florio), cp. F. ‘_forçat_, galley-slave’ (Cotgr.).

=shack,= the shaken grain which remains on the fields after harvesting; hence _shack-time_, the time during which this grain remains on the ground, Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 30; _to shack_, to turn pigs or poultry into the stubble fields. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Shake, 9, 20, 21).

†=shackatory,= apparently, a huntsman’s underling. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando). See NED.

=shadow,= a reflection in water; ‘Aesop had a foolish dog that let go the flesh to catch the shadow’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 37; a disguise, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Hempskirke); a friend of an invited guest (L. _umbra_), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1. 11.

=shaft,= a May-pole, esp. the May-pole in Aldgate ward, London, which ‘shaft’, when it was set on end and fixed to the ground, was higher than the steeple of the church, which was hence called St. Andrew Undershaft. This ‘shaft’ was not raised after May-day, 1517, on account of a disturbance of the apprentices. Thirty-two years after it was sawn in pieces and burned as an idol. Stow, Survey (ed. Thoms, 54); Pennant’s London, 587. See Nares (s.v. Shaft), and Chambers, Book of Days, p. 574.

=shaftman,= a measure of about six inches, being the length from the top of the extended thumb to the wrist-side of the palm. Harington, tr. Ariosto, xxxvi. 56; _shaftmon_, Morte Arthur, leaf 124, back, 8; bk. vii, c. 22; _shaftmont_, ‘His leg was scarce a shaftmont lang’, Child’s Pop. Ballads, ii. 330; _shaftement_, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 112. ‘Shaftment’ is in prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _schaftmonde_ (Death of Arthur, 2546, 3843, 4232); OE. _sceaftmund_, a palm’s length (B. T.). See NED. (s.v. Shaftment).

=shag-rag,= ragged, vagabond-like; ‘A shag-rag knave’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (Barabas). The word ‘shag-rag’ is in prov. use in the north country to denote an idle, ragged vagabond, see EDD. (s.v. Shag, vb.^{3} 2 (2)). See =shake-rag.=

†=shailes,= scarecrows. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2; see Croft’s note. Perhaps cognate with ME. _schey_, shy, timid (Prompt.). See =shewelle.=

=shake-rag,= a ragged disreputable person, Brome, Jovial Crew, iii. (NED.). [‘He was a shake-rag like fellow’, Scott, Guy Man., xxvi.] Also _shake_, Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (1 Suitor).

=shake the elbow,= to throw dice, to gamble. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto).

=shaking of the sheets,= the name of an old dance, usually mentioned with an indecent suggestion. Westward Ho, v. 3.

=shale,= a shell, husk. Hen. V, iv. 2. 18; Parliament of Bees, character 5 (end). ME. _shale_ (Chaucer), OE. _scealu_, a husk.

=shale,= to shell, take of the husk; ‘I shale peasen’, Palsgrave; ‘A little lad set on a bancke to shale the ripen’d nuts’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, bk. ii, song 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.^{1} 14). ME. _shale_, notys or odyr frute, ‘enucleo’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). Cp. F. _eschaller_: ‘_eschalleur de noys_, qui écale des noix’ (Glossaire, Rabelais, ii. 160).

=shale,= to shamble with the feet; ‘_Esgrailler_, to shale or straddle with the legs’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.^{2}). See =shayle.=

=shalla,= for _shall he_; ‘Shalla go In deede? and shalla flowte me thus?,’ Phaer, Aeneid iv, 590, 591. _A_ for _he_ is common in prov. use when unemphatic, see EDD. (s.v. He, 1 (1)).

=sham,= to take in, to hoax; ‘You shammed me all night long . . . _Freeman_. Shamming is telling you an insipid, dull lye, with a dull face, which the sly wag the author only laughs at himself; and, making himself believe ’tis a good jest, puts the sham only upon himself, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. Cp. Sc. _sham_, to cheat, trick, deceive, see EDD. (s.v. Sham, vb.^{1} 1).

=shamois,= shoes made of the wild goat’s skin. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19.

=shape,= the costume suited to a particular part in a play. Massinger, Bondman, v. 3 (Pisander).

=shard,= a fragment, a piece of broken pottery, a potsherd; ‘Shards, flints and pebbles should be thrown on her’, Hamlet, v. 1. 254. In prov. use in the sense of a broken piece in Scotland and in the various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _scherde_, ‘testula’ (Prompt. EETS.), OE. _sceard_, ‘testa’ (B. T.).

=shard,= a patch of cow-dung; ‘They are his shards, and he their beetle’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 2. 19; ‘Such souls as shards produce, such beetle things As only buz to heaven with ev’ning wings’, Dryden, Hind and P. i. 321; ‘The shard-borne beetle’ (the beetle born in dung), Macbeth, iii. 2. 42. ‘Shard,’ meaning a patch of cow-dung, is in prov. use in Yorks. and Wilts. (EDD.). Probably related to ‘sharn’ in prov. use for dung of cattle; OE. _scearn_ (Leechdoms); see EDD.

=shard.= In Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 38, ‘When late he far’d In Phaedrias flitt barke over that perlous shard.’ Spenser appears to use ‘shard’ here in the sense of ‘a channel’. It is probably the same word as ‘shard’ in prov. use for an incision, a gap, a narrow passage, see EDD. (s.v. Shard, sb.^{2} 1, 2, 3). OE. _sceard_, a gap, notch; the word is used for bays and creeks in Boethius, 18. 1.

=shark,= to prowl about to pick up a living. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Mallicorn); Earle, Micro-Cosmographie, no. 77 (ed. Arber, 35); _shark on_, to prey upon, Sir Thos. More, ii. 4. 106; _shark up_, to pick up by prowling about, Hamlet, i. 1. 98. Hence _shark-gull_, a cheat who preys upon simpletons, Middleton, The Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 524).

=sharp.= _To fight at sharp_, to fight with sharp weapons, not with foils, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 3 (Galoshio).

=shayle,= to shamble, to walk crookedly or awkwardly. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 20, l. 19; p. 214, l. 172. Palsgrave has: ‘I shayle, as a man or horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges, _Ie vas eschays_.’ ME. _schaylyn_, ‘disgredior’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). See =shale= and =shoyle.=

=sheal,= to take off the outer covering of peas, King Lear, i. 4. 219. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Sheal, vb.^{2} 1).

=sheath;= see =painted.=

=sheene,= fair, beautiful to behold. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 10; ii. 2. 40; ii. 10. 8; ‘Haill May, haill Flora, haill Aurora schene!’, Dunbar, Thrissill, 9; as sb., fairness, splendour, Hamlet, iii. 2. 167. ME. _shene_, fair, beautiful (Chaucer, C. T. A. 972). OE. _scēne_, _scȳne_, _scīene_, fair, identical with G. _schön_, beautiful, Goth. _skauns_.

=sheerly,= entirely. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Memnon). A Scotch word, used by Burns, Ep. to Major Logan (EDD.).

=sheeve,= a slice; ‘A sheeve of bread’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 29. In prov. use in Scotland and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Sheave). See =shive.=

=shelf,= a sandbank. B. Jonson, The Forest, iii (l. 12 from end); _shelves_, pl., 3 Hen. VI, v. 4. 23; ‘On the tawny sands and shelves Trip the pert faeries’, Milton, Comus, 117. For Scotch exx. see EDD. (s.v. Shelf, sb.^{2}).

=shell,= a cockle-shell worn in the hat by pilgrims to Compostella. Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey), vol. ii, p. 213.

=shells,= a cant term for money. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (2 Cutpurse); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo).

=shend,= to put to shame, blame, reproach. Spenser, Prothalamion, 121; _shent_, pp., F. Q. ii. 5. 5; vi. 6. 18. In prov. use in Scotland and in Kent (EDD.). ME. _shende_, to render contemptible (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 893); _schende_, to blame, reproach (Wyclif, Ps. cxviii. 31). OE. _scendan_.

=sherif,= a title of the descendants of Mohammed, a title of the chief magistrate of Mecca, and of Morocco; ‘The Sheriffe of Mecca’, Purchas, Pilgrims, iii. 257. Arab. _sharîf_, noble, of noble lineage, particularly, descending from Mohammed (Steingass). See =xeriff.=

=sherris,= ‘sherry’, a Spanish wine, so called from the town Xeres. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 111, 114, 122, 131. The Arabic form of the place-name Xeres was _Sherêysh_ (Dozy, Glossaire, p. 18). The Roman name was _Caesaris Asidona_. By the loss of the first syllable, _Caesaris_ became on the lips of the Moors _sherêysh_. For a similar decapitation of the word _Caesar_, compare the name of the Spanish city _Zaragoça_, the _Caesaraugusta_ of the Romans.

=shewelle, sewell;= ‘A _sewell_, a thing to keep out the deer’, Howell, Lexicon Tetraglotton; ‘Anything that is hung up is called a Sewel; and those are used most commonly to amaze a Deare, and to make him refuse to passe wher they are hanged up’, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 98); used _fig._, ‘Bugbeares of opinions brought, to serve as shewelles to keep them from those faults’, Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1605, p. 267); ‘Shewell’ in the sense of a scarecrow is still in use in Oxfordsh. and Berks. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _scheawle_, a scarecrow (Owl and N. 1648); _a-schewelen_, to scare away (Stratmann, pp. 32, 528); deriv. of OE. _scēoh_, timid, shy.

=shift herself,= change her dress. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1. 8. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shift, 2).

=shine,= bright. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3; ‘Girt my shine browe with sea-banke Myrtle sprays’, Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, bk. i, 1. 34 (Wks., ed. Tucker Brooke, 560). See =sheene.=

=shirwood= = L. _lucus_. Phaer, Aeneid viii, 342.

=shittle,= unstable, inconstant; ‘Their shittle hate’, Mirror for Mag., Collingbourne, st. 3; ‘Shyttell, nat constant, _variable_’, Palsgrave. ME. _schytyl_, ‘preceps’ (Prompt. EETS. 398), cogn. w. OE. _scēotan_, to run hastily (Acts vii. 57); see Cook, Biblical Quotations, p. 234.

=shittle-cock,= a shuttlecock. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (Allwit). ‘Shyttel cocke, _volant_’, Palsgrave. ME. _schytyl_, a shuttle (in a child’s game), see Prompt. EETS. 398.

=shive,= a slice, Titus Andron. ii. 1. 87. In gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shive, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _schyve_ of bred or oþer lyke, ‘lesca, scinda’ (Prompt. EETS. 399). Cp. Icel. _skifa_, a slice, and G. _scheibe_.

=shock-dog,= a rough-coated dog; a poodle. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, ii. 2 (Hippolyta); Tatler, no. 245.

=shoe-the-mare,= a Christmas sport. Middleton, Inner-Temple Masque (Plumporridge). ‘Shoe the old mare’ is the name of a kind of sport in Galloway, see EDD. (s.v. Shoe, vb. 10).

=shog,= to move off, go away. Henry V, ii. 1. 47, ii. 3. 47; _shog on_, Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (near the end); _shogd_, shook, pushed; Phaer, Aeneid ii, 465; _shog_, a jog, a shake. Dryden, Epil. to The Man of Mode, 28. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. _schoggen_, to shake (Wars Alex. 5018).

=shold,= a shoal, sandbank. Phaer, Aeneid i, 112; Hakluyt, Voyages, iii. 547. ‘Shald’ in various spellings is in prov. use in the north country, meaning (1) shallow, (2) a shoal (EDD.). ME. ‘_schold_ or schalowe, noȝte depe’ (Prompt.). OE. _sceald_, shallow (found in place-names); see Dict. (s.v. Shallow).

=shoot-anker,= sheet-anchor; hence, a means of security. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 28; ‘This saying they make their shoot-anker’, Cranmer (cited in Dict., s.v. Sheet).

=shope,= shaped, framed; pt. t. of _shape_. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 39. ME. _shoop_, planned, devised (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 207), pt. s. of _shapen_; OE. _scōp_, pt. s. of _sceppan_.

=shoppini,= high-heeled shoes; ‘Those high corked shoes, which now they call in Spaine and Italy _Shoppini_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. See =cioppino= and =choppine.= See Stanford (s.v. Chopine).

=shore,= a sewer. Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1; ‘The common shore’, A Woman never vext (Mrs. Foster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 104; ‘Our sailing ships like common shores we use’, Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 558. ‘Shore’, once a common word for a sewer, is still preserved in Shoreditch in London; also named Sewers Ditch; see Stow’s Survey, p. 158. It is in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England, see EDD. (s.v. Shore, sb.^{3} 1).

=shoringness,= inclination to tilt to one side; ‘A table, of the which the thirde foot was A little shorter then the rest. A tyle-sherd made it even And tooke away the shoringness,’ Golding, Metam. viii. 662; fol. 103 (1603). ‘Shoring’ is in prov. use in E. Anglia, in the sense of slanting, sloping, awry, see EDD. (s.v. Shore, vb.^{2} 4).

=shot,= a payment, reckoning; esp. a contribution to the payment of a tavern score; ‘_Escotter_, every one to pay his shot or to contribute somewhat towards it’, Cotgrave; Two Gent. ii. 5. 9; _shot-free_, without having to pay, 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in Scotland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shot, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _schot_, a payment (Stratmann). OE. _scot_, a contribution (in compounds), see B. T. The Anglo-F. form is _escot_ (mod. _écot_), whence E. _scot_, in _scot-free_, and _scot and lot_. See =escot, scot and lot.=

=shot-clog,= a dupe; one who was a _clog_ upon a company, but was tolerated because he paid the _shot_ or reckoning. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Golding); B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Shun.); ‘A _shot-clog_, to make suppers, and be laughed at’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Ovid senior). Spelt _shot-log_, Field, Amends for Ladies, iii (end).

=shot-shark,= a tavern waiter; because he sharks for (or hunts after) the reckoning or shot. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4. 1.

=shotten,= lean. Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 4. 9. From the phr. _shotten herring_, a herring that has spent the roe, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143. ‘As lean as a shot-herring’ is given in EDD. as a Derbyshire saying. ‘Shotten’ is used in Kent of the herring that has spent its roe, see EDD. (s.v. Shot, pp. 5).

=shotten-souled,= deprived of a soul; soulless. Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4. 2.

=shotterell, shotrell,= a pike in his first year; ‘An harlotrie [i.e. worthless] _shotterell_’, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion); ‘The Shotrell, 1 year, Pickerel, 2 year, Pike, 3 year, Luce, 4 year, are one’, W. Lauson, Comments on the Secrets of Angling; in Arber’s Eng. Garner, i. 197.

=shough,= a rough dog with shaggy hair. Macbeth, iii. 1. 94; Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Grilla). Also in forms _shog_ and _shock_, ‘Nor mungrell nor shog’, Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares); ‘Their little shocks or Bononia dogs’, Erminia, 1661 (Nares).

=shough, shoo,= _interj._, away! used to scare away fowls. Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (end).

=shoule,= a ‘shovel’. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Jack); vol. vi, p. 424. For various forms of ‘shool’, a word which is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and America, see EDD.

=shouler,= a bird; the ‘shoveller’ or spoonbill. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 353. Skelton has _shouelar_ (= _shovelar_), Phylyp Sparowe, 408.

=shovelboard,= the name of a game. The game was to _shuffle_ or drive by a blow of the hand a counter or coin along a smooth _board_, so as to pass beyond a line drawn across the board near the far end, but so as not to fall off the board; ‘Plaieing at slide-groat or shoofleboard’, Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland, ann. 1528; _Edward shovel-board_, a shilling coined in the reign of Edward VI commonly used in the game of shovel-board, Merry Wives, i. 1. 159. A similar game was called _shove-groat_, hence _shove-groat shilling_, the coin used at the game, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 206; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. 17 (see Wheatley’s note). See Nares.

=shoyle,= to lean outwards on the foot in walking. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 55 (p. 155), says that wild swine never ‘shoyle or leane outwards’, as tame hogs do. See =shayle.=

=shraming,= making a great noise, screaming; ‘Shraming shalms’, Golding, Metam. iv. 392; fol. 48, back (1603); ‘She shraming cryed’, id., viii. 108; fol. 94.

=shrewd,= malicious, mischievous, ill-natured, All’s Well, iii. 5. 68; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 33; bad, nasty, grievous, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 244; Ant. and Cl. iv. 9. 5. The word is used in Shropshire in the sense of ‘vicious’ (EDD.). ME. _schrewyd_, ‘pravus, pravatus, depravatus’ (Prompt. EETS. 401).

=shrich,= to ‘shriek’. Gascoigne, Philomene, ll. 22, 52. ME. _schrichen_, variants _schriken_, _skriken_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4590).

=shrieve,= a ‘sheriff’. All’s Well, iv. 3. 213; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 99. ME. _shirreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 359). OE. _scīr-gerēfa_. See Dict.

=shright,= _pt. t._ shrieked; ‘Out! alas! she shryght’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 32. ME. _shrighte_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2817), pt. t. of _schrychen_ (_schriken_) to shriek. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Schrychen).

=shright,= a shriek. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 57; vi. 4. 2.

=shrill,= thin, poor; ‘Age . . . all balde or ouer-cast With shril, thin haire as white as snow’, Golding, Metam. xv. 213. ‘Shrill’ (also ‘shill’) is in prov. use in Bedf. and Northants for thin, poor; also clear, transparent, applied to book-muslin (EDD.).

=shrill,= to sound shrilly, to resound. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 20; v. 7. 27.

=shrimp,= a shrunken, wizened man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 600.

=Shrove-Tuesday bird,= a cock tied down, at which cudgels were thrown, on a Shrove Tuesday. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 3 (Lapet; near the end). See Brand’s Pop. Ant. (ed. 1877, p. 37).

=shroving,= joining in the ceremonies and sports of Shrove Tuesday. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 5 (Eyre); Fletcher, Noble Gent. iii. 2 (Lady). See EDD. (s.v. Shrove, vb.), where it is said that the custom of ‘shroving’, i.e. going round singing for money, &c., on Shrove Tuesday, is known from Oxf. to Dorset.

=shrow,= a ‘shrew’, a vixen, a scold. A frequent spelling of _shrew_ in old editions of Shakespeare; and always pronounced so, cp. the rimes in Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 213; v. 2. 28; v. 2. 188; _shroe_, Peele, Arraignment of Paris, iv. 1 (Bacchus).

=shug,= to slip, to wriggle. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Dog). See EDD. (s.v. Shuck, vb.^{1} 2).

=shuter,= a suitor. A common pronunciation of _suitor_; puns on _shooter_ and _suitor_ occur often. London Prodigal, i. 2. 42; cp. L. L. L. iv. 1. 110; Puritan Widow, il. 1. 97.

=shuttle-brained,= thoughtless, flighty. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6. From the movements of the _shuttle_.

=sidanen,= a fine woman; an epithet. Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Capt. Jenkin). Welsh _sidanen_, silken, made of silk; also, an epithet for a fine woman (Owen). Applied sometimes to Queen Elizabeth; so Nares.

=siddon,= soft, tender, mellow. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 1 (Piero). Current in west midland counties, chiefly of peas or other vegetables which become soft in boiling, see EDD. (s.v. Sidder). Cp. OE. _syde_, a decoction, the water in which anything has been seethed or boiled (B. T.). Cognate with _seethe_, pp. _sodden_; see Dict. (s.v. Seethe).

=side,= long, hanging down a long way; ‘Side sleeves’, Much Ado, iii. 4. 21; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 440; B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 (Fly). In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _syde_, as a gowne, ‘defluxus, talaris’ (Cath. Angl.); ‘syde sleeves’ (Hoccleve, Reg. P. 535). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Syde). OE. _sīd_, ample, wide, large, extensive.

=side, to set up a,= to be partners in a game. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Cent.).

=sie, sye,= to strain milk. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 10. ‘I sye mylke, or clense’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, England down to Glouc. (EDD.). OE. _sēon_ (_sīan_), to strain; cp. _asiende_, ‘excolantes’ (Matt. xxiii. 24, Mercian Gloss); see B. T. (s.v. _āsēon_).

=siege,= a seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 39; hence, rank, Othello, i. 2. 22; the station of a heron on the watch for prey, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a privy, Phaer, Pestilence (NED.); evacuation, B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 2; excrement, Tempest, ii. 2. 110. ME. _sege_, ‘sedes, secessus’ (Prompt. EETS. 404, see notes). See =sege.=

=sieve and shears,= a mode of divination; used for the recovery of things lost. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 848. See EDD. (s.v. Riddle, sb.^{1} 1 (1)).

=sifflement,= a whistling, chirping. Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (Auditus). F. _siffler_, to whistle, L. _sifilare_, a dialect form of _sibilare_.

=sight,= _pt. t._ sighed. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 20; vi. 10. 40. ME. _sighte_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1035), pt. s. of _syke_, to sigh.

=signatures,= marks. The medicinal virtues of some plants were supposed to be indicated by their forms or by marks upon them. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 329.

=sikerly,= certainly, surely. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, last scene (Gammer). Still in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sickerly). ME. _sikerly_ (Chaucer); _sikerliche_ (P. Plowman). OE. _sicor_, sure, safe; certain (B. T.).

=silder,= less frequently. Tancred and Gismunda, ii. 3 (Lucrece); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 46. See =seld.=

=silly,= simple, rustic; innocent. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; iii. 8. 27; poor, wretched, weak, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, pp. 491, 533. See =sely.=

=silverling,= a piece of silver; ‘Fifty thousande silverlynges’, Tyndale, Acts xix. 9; so the Cranmer version, 1539, and the Geneva, 1557; BIBLE, Isaiah vii. 23; here Luther has _Silberlinge_. In Marlowe, Jew of Malta, i. 1. 6, _silverling_ = the Jewish coin, the shekel.

†=simming,= simmering. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 6. 27.

=simper,= to twinkle, glimmer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 1. 8; ‘I mark how starres above Simper and shine’, G. Herbert, The Church, The Search, l. 14.

=simper,= to simmer; ‘I symper, as lycour dothe on the fyre before it begynneth to boyle’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in north Ireland, west Yorks., and east Anglia (EDD.).

=simper-the-cocket,= an affected coquettish air; a woman so characterised, a flirt. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); Skelton, El. Rummyng, 55; _simper de cocket_, ‘_Coquine_, a beggar-woman; also a simper de cockit, nice thing’, Cotgrave; Heywood’s Proverbs, Pt. ii, ch. 1 (ed. Farmer, 52). See Nares.

=simple,= a simple remedy, as a plant used medicinally without admixture; ‘Where a sycknesse may be cured with symples’, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, bk. ii, c. 28; to gather simples or medicinal herbs, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 823.

=simulty,= a grudge. B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxxii, § 2. F. _simulté_, a grudge (Cotgr.). L. _simultas_, a hostile encounter, animosity.

=sin,= since. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 44. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. _sithen_, since (Wars Alex.); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _sīððan_.

=single:= _single money_, small change; ‘The ale-wives’ single money’, B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 5 (Pedro).

=single,= in hunting, the tail of a deer; ‘The tayle of Harte, Bucke, Rowe or any other Deare is to be called the Syngle’, Turbervile, Hunting, 243 (NED.); Howell, Parley of Beasts, 63; used of Pan’s tail, ‘That single wagging at thy butt’, Cotton, Burlesque, 277 (Davies). Hence, ‘a boy leasht on the single’, is explained by ‘beaten on the taile’, Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Pet.). Still in prov. use in Northants. and west Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Single, sb.^{1} 9).

=singler,= a full-grown wild boar. Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5. See =sanglier.=

=singles,= the claws of a hawk. The middle claws were called the _long singles_, and the outer the _petty singles_. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). The _single_ was orig. the middle or outer claw on the foot of the hawk (NED.).

†=singles,= the entrails; ‘The singles (Lat. _prosecta_) also of a wolfe’, Golding, Metam. vii. 271; fol. 82 (1603). Not found elsewhere.

=sink and sise,= five and six; at dice; ‘All at sink and sise’, i.e. I have lost all my effects at dice-playing, Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 346.

=sinkanter,= a term of contempt; ‘One Volanerius, an old sinkanter or gamester and scurrilous companion by profession’, Jackson, Creed, x. 19; ‘_Rocard_, an overworn sincaunter, one that can neither whinny nor wag the tail’, Cotgrave.

=si quis,= an advertisement; also called a bill. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 2 (end). From L. _si quis_, lit. if any one; from the first two words; the advertisement begins: ‘_If there be any_ lady or gentlewoman’, id., iii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Hall, Sat. ii. 5. 1.

=Sir John,= a familiar appellation for a priest, because _John_ was a common name, and it was usual to prefix _sir_ to a priest’s name. Richard III, iii. 2. 111; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce). Cp. Chaucer (C. T. B. 4000), ‘Com neer thou preest, com hider thou sir John.’ See NED. (s.v. Sir, 4).

=sirts of sand,= quicksands. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 7. For _syrtes_, pl. of L. _Syrtis_, Gk. Σύρτις, the name of two large sandbanks (Major and Minor) on the coast of Libya. Cp. ‘A boggy Syrtis’, Milton, P. L. ii. 939.

=sit,= to be fitting, to befit, suit; ‘It sits not’ (i.e. it is unbecoming), Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; ‘With them it sits’, Shep. Kal., May, 77; id., Nov., 26. In the north country ‘It sits him weel indeed’ is often said ironically of a person who arrogates to himself more than is thought proper, see EDD. (s.v. Sit, 16). _Sitting_, suitable, fit, becoming; ‘To the [thee] it is sittynge’, Fabyan, Chron., Part vii, c. 232; ed. Ellis, p. 265; Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 149.

=sith,= time; also _pl._ times. Spenser has ‘a thousand sith’, a thousand times, F. Q. iii. 10. 33; also, ‘a thousand sithes’, Shep. Kal., Jan., 49. OE. _sīð_, a journey, time.

=sith,= since. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 95. ME. _sith_, since (Chaucer, C. T. A. 930).

=sithence,= since. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 47. ME. _sithenes_, since (P. Plowman, B. x. 257; xix. 15).

=six,= small beer; sold at 6_s._ a barrel; ‘A cup of six’, Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim).

=six and seven, to set all on,= ‘to risk all one’s property on the hazard of the dice; _Omnem iacere aleam_, to cast all dice, . . . to set al on sixe and seuen, and at al auentures to ieoperd’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 7; ‘Or wager laid at six and seven’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 588.

=skails,= a game like ninepins; the same as ‘kails’. ‘_Aliossi_, a play called Nine pins or keeles, or skailes’, Florio (1598); North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades, § 1. See NED. (s.v. Skayles).

†=skainsmate.= Only occurs as spoken by the Nurse in Romeo, ii. 4. 163, ‘Scurvy Knave! I am none of his flirt-gills; I am none of his skainsmates’. The nurse was no very correct speaker, and in the heat of her anger she has in this case become wholly unintelligible. The guesses of the commentators and glossarists are devoid of probability.

=skeen,= a knife. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 54; _skeane_, Spenser, State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 631); _skene_, Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (first stage-direction). Also _skaine_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 384. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Skean). Sc. and Ir. Gaelic, _sgian_, a knife.

=skelder,= to beg impudently by false representations, to swindle (Cant). B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Luscus); ib. (Tucca); iii. 1 (Tucca); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).

=skellet,= a ‘skillet’, a small pot or pan; a small kettle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 250; _skillet_, Othello, i. 3. 273. ‘Skellet’ (also ‘skillet’), a small metal pan or saucepan, is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and America, see EDD. (s.v. Skillet).

=skellum;= see =schellum.=

=skelp,= to strike with the hand, to smack; ‘I shall skelp thee on the skalpe’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2207. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles; in England in the north and Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. Skelp, vb.^{1}). ME. _skelpe_, to smite with a scourge (Wars Alex. 1924).

=skew at,= to look askance at, to slight. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, ii. 1 (Putskie); ‘To skewe, _limis oculis spectare_’, Levins, Manip. ‘To skew’ is in prov. use in the north of England in the sense of to look askance at any one, see EDD. (s.v. Skew, vb.^{1} 18).

=skew rom-bouse,= to quaff good drink (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); _a skew_, a cuppe; Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

†=skibbered= (?).

‘What slimie bold presumptuous groome is he, Dares with his rude audacious hardy chat, Thus sever me from skibbered contemplation?’ Return from Parnassus, i. 6 (Furor).

The Halliwell-Phillipps MS. of the play reads _skybredd_ (communicated by Mr. Percy Simpson). Dr. H. Bradley suggests _skyward_.

=skice, skise,= to frisk about, move nimbly, make off quickly; ‘Skise out this way, and skise out that way’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov. use—Sussex, Hampshire, &c. (EDD.).

=skill,= to make a difference; ‘It skills not much’, it makes little difference, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 134; ‘It skills not’, it makes no difference, Nero, v. 2; ‘It skilleth not’, Lyly, Euphues (ed Arber, 245). Extremely common from 1550 to 1650, see NED.

=skillet,= see =skellet.=

=skimble-skamble,= rambling, incoherent. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 154. See =scamble.=

=skimmington,= a ceremony practised on unpopular persons in various parts of England; fully described in EDD. See Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv. 230; Oldham, Satires upon the Jesuits, iv (ed. R. Bell, p. 125). See Brand’s Pop. Antiq., Cornutes (ed. 1877, p. 414), for an account of ‘Riding Skimmington’, where it is described as a ludicrous cavalcade intended to ridicule a man beaten by his wife.

=skink,= to draw or pour out liquor. B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Lovel); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 133. Hence, _Under-skinker_, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 26. ME. _skinke_, to pour out (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1722). For full account of this verb see Dict. (s.v. Nunchion).

=skipjack,= a pert fellow, a whipper-snapper. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1 (Alph.); also, a horse-dealer’s boy, Dekker, Lanthorne, x; see Nares. ‘Skipjack’ is in prov. use in north of England in sense of a pert, conceited fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Skip, vb.^{1} 1 (2 a)).

=skipper,= a barn (Cant). ‘_A skypper_, a barne’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). Possibly Cornish _sciber_, Welsh _ysgubor_, a barn (NED.), Med. L. _scopar_, ‘scuria, stabulum’ (Ducange).

=skirr,= to pass rapidly over a stretch of land; ‘Skirre the country round’, Macbeth, v. 3. 35. Of doubtful origin (NED.). In prov. use in the sense of to scurry, rush, fly quickly (EDD.).

=skit,= skittish, restive. Spelt _skyt_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 101. See EDD. (s.v. Skit, vb.^{2} 1).

=skoase,= to chaffer, barter, exchange. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st. 64. See =scorse.=

=skope, skoope,= _pt. t._ of _scape_, scaped, escaped, got away. Phaer, Aeneid ii, 458 (L. _evado_); _skoope_ = escaped to, id., vi. 425; _skoope_, escaped, id., ix. 545 (L. _elapsi_).

=skoser;= see =scorse.=

=skull,= a skull-cap, helmet. Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4. 5.

=skull;= see =scull.=

=skyrgaliard,= a wild or dissipated fellow, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 101; id., Speke, Parrot, 427. See =galliard.=

=slab up,= to sup up greedily and dirtily; ‘Ye never saw hungry dog so slab (printed _stab_) potage up’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 215. See NED. (s.v. Slab, vb.^{2}).

=slake,= a shallow dell, a glade, a pass between hills. Morte Arthur, leaf 95. 6; bk. vi, c. 5. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, in the north down to Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Slack, sb.^{3} 1). Icel. _slakki_, a small shallow dell.

=slam,= an ungainly person; ‘He is but a slam’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 5 (Nurse); ‘A slam or slim Fellow is a skragged, tall, rawboned Fellow’, Ray, N. C. Words (ed. 1691, 137), see NED. (s.v. Slam, adj.).

=slampant:= in phr. _to give one the_ (or _a_) _slampant_, to play a trick on; ‘Polyperchon . . . meaning to give Cassander a slampant . . . sent letters Pattents’, North, Plutarch (ed. 1595, 805); ‘_Trousse_, a cousening tricke, blurt, slampant’, Cotgrave; also in form _slampaine_, ‘The townesmen being pinched at the heart that one rascal . . . should give them the slampaine’, Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland (ed. 1808, vi. 30); also spelt _slampam_, ‘Shal a stranger geve me the slampam?’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 633.

=slat,= to dash, strike violently. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Malevole). In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to throw violently, to dash down water or other liquid, also, to strike, beat, see EDD. (s.v. Slat, vb.^{3} 1).

=slate,= a cant term for a sheet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 61.

=slaty,= muddy, rainy. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 258. ‘Slatty’ is a Warw. word for muddy, see EDD. (s.v. Slat, sb.^{4} 1).

=sled,= a sledge or sleigh used as a vehicle in travelling or for recreation; ‘With milke-white Hartes upon an Ivorie sled Thou shalt be drawen’, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2. In common prov. use for a low cart without wheels, see EDD. (s.v. Sled, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _slede_, a dray without wheels, a harrow, ‘traha’ (Prompt. EETS. 415).

=sledded,= (perhaps) riding in ‘sleds’ or sledges; ‘He smote the sledded Pollax on the ice’, Hamlet, i. 1. 63 (a _Polack_ is a Pole, an inhabitant of Poland). So NED.

=sledge,= a sledge-hammer; ‘To throw the sledge’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Sledge, sb.^{2}).

=sleek,= plausible, specious. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 241; Chapman, Eastward Ho, ii. 2. Later variant form of ME. _slĭke_; see =slick.=

=sleided silk,= sleaved silk, silk ravelled out, divided into filaments. Pericles, iv, Prol. 21.

=sleight,= a cunning trick, an artifice. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 81; Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 20; spelt _slight_, Middleton, More Dissemblers, iv. 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 747. See Dict.

=slent,= to slip or glide obliquely; ‘The stroke slented doune to the erthe’, Morte Arthur, leaf 345. 24; bk. xvii, c. 1; to make sly hits or gibes, ‘One Proteas, a pleasaunt conceited man, and that could slent finely’, North, Plutarch (NED.); hence, _slent_, a sly hit or sarcasm, ‘Cleopatra found Antonius jeasts and slents to be but grosse’, ib., M. Antonius, § 13 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 175). See EDD. (s.v. Slent, vb.^{1}).

=slibber-sauce,= a nauseous concoction, used esp. for medicinal purposes, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116); _slibber sawces_, buttery, oily, made-up sauces, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 105).

=slick,= smooth, plausible. Rawlins, Rebellion, iv. 1. 4. Cp. prov. _slick-tongued_, smooth-tongued, plausible in speech, see EDD. (s.v. Slick, adj.^{1} 6 (2)). ME. _slyke_, or smothe, ‘lenis’ (Prompt.). See =sleek.=

=slick,= to make smooth. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1144; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 249. In prov. use in England and America (EDD.). ME. _slyken_, to make smooth (P. Plowman, B. ii. 98).

=slidder,= slippery. The Pardoner and the Frere, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 213; ‘My tongue is grown sae slip and slidder’, Stuart, Joco-serious Discourse (ed. 1686, 20); see EDD. ME. _slydyr_, ‘lubricus’ (Prompt. EETS. 416); ‘A slidir mouth worchith fallyngis’, Wyclif, Prov. xxvi. 28. OE. _slidor_.

=slidder,= to slip, to slide. Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 749. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). OE. _slid_(_e_)_rian_, to slip.

=slifter,= a cleft or crack; ‘_Fente_, a cleft, rift, slifter, chinke’, Cotgrave. A north-country word (EDD.). Hence _sliftered_, cleft, rifted, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). Cp. G. (dial.) _Schlifter_, gully, watercourse.

=slight;= see =sleight.=

=slighten,= to slight, depreciate. B. Jonson, Sejanus (end).

=slip,= a counterfeit coin. Often quibbled upon; as in Romeo, ii. 4. 51; Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Pickadill). See NED. (s.v. Slip, sb.^{4}).

=slipper,= slippery. Othello, ii. 1. 246. A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Slipper, adj. 1). OE. _slipor_.

=slipstring,= a knave; one who has eluded the halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio); ‘_Goinfre_, a wag, slipstring, knavish lad’, Cotgrave. In prov. use the word means an idle, worthless, slovenly person, so in Northants and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Slip, 3, (22)).

=slive,= to slice, cleave; to strip off (a bough) by tearing it downward; ‘I slyue a floure from his braunche’, Palsgrave; ‘The boughes whereof . . . he cutting and sliving downe’, Warner, Alb. England, prose addition on Aeneid ii, § 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Slive, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _slyvyn_, a-sundyr, ‘findo’ (Prompt. EETS. 459). OE. (_to_)_-slīfan_, to split.

=sliver,= a small branch split off from the tree. Hamlet, iv. 7. 174. In gen. prov. use for a slice, a splinter of wood (EDD.). ME. _slivere_, a piece cut or split off (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1013).

=sliver,= to slice off. Macbeth, iv. 1. 28. In prov. use: ‘If you sliver away at the meat like that there’ll be none left for to-morrow’ (Cambridge); see EDD.

=sloape,= deceitful; ‘For hope is sloape’, Mirror for Mag., Ferrex, st. 18. ‘Slope’ (or ‘sloap’) is in prov. use in Yorks., meaning to trick, cheat (EDD.).

=slot,= the track of a stag or deer upon the ground. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John); to follow a track, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 191. OF. _esclot_, hoof-print of a horse, &c. (Godefroy), probably of Scand. origin, cp. Icel. _slōð_, a track; so NED.

†=sloy,= a term of abuse for a woman. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xi, ch. 58, st. 26. Not found elsewhere.

=slubber,= to sully, Othello, i. 3. 227; to obscure, 1 Part of Jeronimo, ii. 4. 67; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 374. In prov. use for obscuring with dirt (EDD.).

=slubberdegullion,= a slubbering rascal (Burlesque). Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2. 18; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 886.

=sludge,= to turn into a soft mass, ‘The flame had sludgd the pitche, the waxe and wood And other things that nourish fire’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 532.

=slug,= to be lazy, inactive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 23; _slogge_, Palsgrave; ‘Another sleeps and slugs both night and day’, Quarles, Emblems (bk. i. 8, Luke vi. 25). ME. _sluggyn_, ‘desidio’ (Prompt.).

=slug,= a slow, inactive person; ‘Fie, what a slug is Hastings, that he comes not’, Richard III, iii. 1. 22; _slugge_, a hindrance, ‘Money would be stirring, if it were not for this slugge’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 2. ‘_Slug_’ is in prov. use in the north country for a slow inactive person or animal; in Somerset, esp. of a slow-going horse; ‘to slug’ in Yorks. means to hinder, to retard progress (EDD.). ME. _slugge_, ‘deses, segnis’ (Prompt.).

=slur,= a method of cheating at dice; ‘Without some fingering trick or slur’, Butler, Misc. Thoughts (ed. Bell, iii. 176). Also, a term in card-playing, ‘’Gainst high and low, and slur, and knap’, Butler, Upon Gaming. See NED. (s.v. Slur, sb.^{2} 2).

=slurg,= to lie in a sleepy state, to lie sluggishly. Phaer, Aeneid vi, 424; id., ix. 190. G. (Swabian dial.) _schlurgen_, to go about in a slovenly manner (J. C. Schmid).

=smack,= to savour of, to taste of; ‘This veneson smacketh to moche of the pepper’, Palsgrave; _fig._, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this vice’, Meas. for M. ii. 2. 5. ME. _smakkyn_, ‘odoro’ (Prompt.). See =smatch.=

=smalach,= ‘smallage’, wild celery or water parsley, Tusser, Husbandry, § 45. 20. ME. _smale ache_, ‘apium’ (Sin. Barth. 11), E. _small_ + F. _ache_, wild celery, O. Prov. _ache_, _api_, Pop. L. *_apia_, L. _apium_.

=smatch,= a ‘smack’, taste, flavour. Jul. Caesar, v. 4. 46; Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Martino). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _smach_, taste, flavour (NED.). OE. _smæc_(_c_. See =smack.=

=smeath,= a small diving-bird; the ‘smee’ or ‘smew’, _Mergellus albellus_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 67.

=Smeck,= short for Smectymnuus, a fictitious name compounded of the initials of the five men who wrote under that name, viz. Stephen Marshall, Edward Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William Spurstow. They are said to have worn particular cravats, which Butler calls _cravat of Smeck_, Hud. i. 3. 1166.

=smelt,= a name applied to various small fishes, used (like _gudgeon_) with the sense of simpleton. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 2 (end).

=smelt,= a half-guinea (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum).

=smicker,= elegant, handsome; ‘A smicker Swaine’, Lodge, Euphues (NED.); smirking, gay, Peele, Eclogue Gratulatory, 4 (ed. Dyce, 561). Cp. the obsolete Scotch _smicker_, to smile affectedly, to smirk (EDD.). OE. _smicer_, elegant.

=smickly,= fine, elegant, smart; or it may be used adverbially. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Raybright). Cp. Dan. _smykke_, to adorn, G. _schmücken_.

=smock:= _He was wrapt up in the tail of his mother’s smock_; said of any one remarkable for his success with the ladies (Grose). See Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Bidet). ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, Born rich, honourable, fortunate; born with his mother’s kercher about his head; wrapt in his mother’s smock, say we; also, he is very maidenly, shame-faced, heloe’, Cotgrave.

=smoke,= to get an inkling of, to smell or suspect (a plot), to detect. Middleton, Roaring Girl (2 Cutpurse); ‘Sir John, I fear, smokes your design’, Dryden, Sir M. Mar-all, 1; see NED. (s.v. 8).

=smoky,= quick to suspect, suspicious, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond senior).

=smolder,= smoky vapour, a suffocating smoke the result of slow combustion; ‘The smolder of smoke’, Bp. Andrewes, Serm. (ed. 1661, 472); _to be smoldered_, to be suffocated, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 98). ME. _smolder_, smoky vapour (P. Plowman, B. xvii. 321).

=smoor,= to smother. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 44; ‘She smoored him in the slepe’, Coverdale, 1 Kings iii. 19. In prov. use in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Smoor, vb.^{1}).

=smouch,= to kiss. Heywood, 1 King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 40; Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 155). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). Cp. G. (Swabian dial.) _schmutz_, ‘derber Kuss’ (Schmid).

=smug,= to smarten up, to make trim or gay; freq. with _up_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 568; Drayton, Pol. x. 69; xxi. 73; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Firk). ‘Smug’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for smart, tidily dressed: also, as vb., to dress up neatly (EDD.).

=smuggle,= to hug violently, to smother with caresses, Otway, Ven. Preserved, last scene; line 13 from end. In prov. use in Somerset and Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Smuggle, vb.^{2}).

=smug-skinnde,= sleek, smooth-skinned. Gascoigne, Herbs, ed. Hazlitt, i. 393.

=snache;= see =snatch.=

=’snails,= a profane oath, for ‘God’s nails’, i.e. ‘Christ’s nails’ on the Cross. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey); London Prodigal, v. 1. 222. Cp. Chaucer, ‘By goddes precious herte, and by his nayles’ (C. T. C. 651).

=snakes:= To _eat snakes_ was a recipe for enabling one to grow younger. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, i. 2 (Orlando); Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, iv. 4 (Andrew).

=snaphance,= a flint-lock used in muskets and pistols, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Dromio); a musket or gun fitted with a flint-lock, Capt. Smith, Virginia, iii. 12. 93 (NED.). Du. _snaphaan_, ‘a firelock, fusee, snaphaunce’ (Sewel).

=snaphance,= an armed robber, a highwayman. Holinshed, Chron. ii. 684. Du. ‘_snaphaan_, a Fuselier carrying a _snaphaan_’ (Sewel), also a mounted highwayman. Cp. G. _schnapphahn_ in 1494, _schnapphan_, a highwayman (Brant, Narrenschiff); _schnapphahn_ in prov. Germ. has also the meaning of constable, thief-catcher. See Weigand and H. Paul (s.v.). Cp. F. _chenapan_, ‘mot tiré de l’Allemand, où il désigne un brigand des Montagnes noires; en François, il signifie un vaurien, un bandit’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762.

=snapper,= to trip, to stumble. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 4; id., Ware the Hauke, 142; ‘I snapper as a horse dothe that tryppeth, _Je trippette_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Snapper, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _snapere_, to stumble: ‘Thi foot schal not snapere’ (Wyclif, Prov. iii. 23); _snapir_ (Wars Alex. 847).

=snar,= to snarl; ‘Tygres that did seeme to gren And snar at all’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. Du. _snarren_, to snarl (Hexham).

=snarl,= to ensnare, entangle. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 17; J. Beaumont, Psyche, ix. 275; Palsgrave. A north-country word for snaring hares or rabbits, see EDD. (s.v. Snarl, vb.^{2} 2). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt.).

=snatch,= a trap, snare, entanglement; ‘The Chevalier . . . being taken in a Gin like unto a Snatch’, Shelton, Quixote, iii. 1; spelt _snache_, ‘A new-founde snache which did my feet ensnare’. Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 43. ME. _snacche_, a trap, snare (K. Alis. 6559).

=sneaker,= a sneaking fellow; ‘Clarke is a pitifull proud sneaker’, Reliq. Hearnianae (ed. Bliss, 483); ‘_Origlione_, an eavesdropper, a listener, . . . a sneaker, a lurking knave’ (Florio).

=sneap,= to nip or pinch with cold; ‘An envious sneaping Frost’ L. L. L. i. 1. 100; ‘The sneaped birds’, Lucrece, 333. In prov. use in the north of England: ‘They’n do well if they dunna get sneaped wi’ the frost’ (Cheshire), see EDD. (s.v. Snape, vb. 2). Also, to check, repress, reprove, chide, snub, Brome, Antipodes, iv. 9 (NED.); ‘A man quickly sneapt’, Maiden’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Servant), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 428. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _snaip_, to rebuke sharply (Cursor M. 13027), Icel. _sneypa_, to chide (NED. s.v. Snape, vb.^{1}).

=sneb,= to reprimand sharply, Sidney, Arcadia, xxxiii. 22; _snebbe_, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 126. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). In Chaucer, C. T. A. 525, some MSS. have _snebbe_. Swed. dial. _snebba_ (Rietz). See =snib.=

=sneck up;= see =snick.=

=snetched,= slaughtered; ‘A snetched Oxe’, Golding, Metam. v. 122 (Lat. _mactati iuuenci_). Not found elsewhere.

=snib,= to reprimand, rebuke sharply; ‘Christian snibbeth his fellow for unadvised speaking’, Bunyan, Pilgr. Pr. i. 169; Middleton, Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Tailor); Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 372; to snip off, as with snuffers, Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole). In prov. use, in the sense of rebuking sharply, in Scotland and north of England down to Bedford (EDD.). ME. _snibben_, to rebuke (Chaucer, C. T. A. 523). Dan. _snibbe_. See =sneb.=

=snick:= _snick up_ (used imperatively), be hanged! London Prodigal, v. 1; Middleton, Blurt, Master Constable, iv. 1; _Snecke up!_, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 101; also used with _go_, ‘Let him go snick up’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Davenant, Play-House (Works, ed. 1673, 116). ‘Snick up!’, in the sense of ‘Begone, go and be hanged’, is said to be in use in west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Snickup, int. 4).

†=snickfail;= ‘Whereas the snickfail grows, and hyacinth’, Webster, The Thracian Wonder, i. 2. A misprint for _sinckfoil_ = _cinquefoil_; cp. Greene, Menaphon (ed. Arber, 36); see NED. (s.v. Cinquefoil). Communicated by Mr. Percy Simpson.

=snickle,= a running noose. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (Ithamar). In prov. use in the north and east, esp. in Yorks. and Linc. (EDD.). Here, for ‘snicle hand too fast’ we should probably read ‘two hands snickle-fast’, see various conjectures in Tucker Brooke’s ed. of Marlowe.

=snig,= a young eel. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 96. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _snygge_, an eel (Cath. Angl.).

=sniggle,= to fish for eels by means of a baited hook or needle thrust into their holes or haunts. I. Walton, Angler, ch. x. [In the passage cited by Todd and later Dicts. from Fletcher’s Thierry, ii. 2, ‘I have snigled him’, the correct reading is doubtless ‘singled’, so NED.]

=snob,= to sob. Puritan Widow, i. 1. 90; Middleton, Mad World, iii. 2. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.). ME. _snobbe_, to sob; ‘My sobbyng (v.r. snobbyng) and cries’ (Wyclif, Lam. iii. 56).

=snudge,= a miser, a mean person; ‘A covetous snudge’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 28); Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); ‘Snudge, _parcus_’, Levins, Manipulus. See EDD.

=snudge,= to remain snug and quiet; ‘Now he will . . . eat his bread in peace, And snudge in quiet’, G. Herbert, Temple, Giddinesse, 11. In prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).

=snuff:= in phr. _to take_ (_a thing_) _in snuff_, to take (a matter) amiss, to take offence at; ‘Mr. Mills . . . should take it in snuffe that my wife did not come to his child’s christening’, Pepys, Diary, 1661, Oct. 6; ‘Who therewith angry . . . Took it in snuff’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 41; _to take snuff at_, to take offence at a thing, Fuller, Joseph’s Coat (ed. 1867, 51). ‘Snuff’ in these phrases refers probably to the act of ‘snuffing’ as an expression of contempt or disdain, see NED. (s.v. sb.^{2} 1), and EDD. (s.v. sb.^{1} 1).

=soader,= to ‘solder’, cement together. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 34; _sodder_, Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Janir).

=soar-falcon,= a falcon or hawk of the first year that has not moulted and still has its red plumage; ‘Of the soare faulcon so I learne to fly’, Spenser, Hymn Heav. Beauty, 26; Latham, Falconry, 37; see Nares (s.v. Sore-Hawk). F. _Faulcon sor_, a soar Hawk; _Harenc sor_, a red Herring (Cotgr., s.v. Sor). Anglo-F. _sor_, reddish brown (Rough List). O. Prov. _sor_, _saur_, Ital. _sauro_. See =sore= (a buck).

=sod,= boiled; _pret._ of ‘seethe’; ‘Sod Euphrates . . . sod Orontes’, Golding, Metam. ii. 248. The reference is to the boiling of rivers during the mad career of Phaethon; Ovid has ‘Arsit et Euphrates’, &c.

=sodder;= see =soader.=

=soggy,= soaked with moisture, soppy; hence, heavy (like damp and green hay). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (Mitis). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Sog, sb.^{2} 3).

=soil,= a miry or muddy place used by a wild boar for wallowing in; ‘_Sueil_, the soyle of a wild Bore, the mire wherein hee commonly walloweth; _se souiller_ (of a swine), to take soyle, or wallow in the mire’, Cotgrave. The phr. ‘to take soil’ corresponds to F. _prendre souille_. _Souille_ is a deriv. from _souiller_, to soil with mud, Romanic type *_soc’lare_, deriv. of L. _sŭcula_, a little sow.

=soil,= a pool or stretch of water, used as a refuge by a hunted deer or other animal, Turbervile, Hunting, 241; _to take soil_, to take to the water, as a hunted deer, id., 148; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarl); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 6. See above.

=soil,= to expound, explain, to resolve a doubt; ‘I have not learned to soyle no riedles’, Udall, tr. Apoph. 309 (NED.); ‘_Souldre_, to cleere or soile a doubt’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _soiler_, OF. _soldre_, L. _solvere_, to loosen, to explain.

=soil,= to absolve from sin, ‘I soyle from synne, _je assouls_’, Palsgrave. For _assoil_, Anglo-F. _assoiler_, to absolve, pardon (Rough List); OF. _assoldre_, L. _absolvere_; see Moisy.

=sokingly,= slowly, gently, gradually; ‘Sokingly, one pece after an other’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 32. ME. _sokingly_, ‘sensim, paulatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 147); ‘By good leyser sokingly, and nat over hastily’ (Chaucer. C. T. B. 2767).

=Sol,= the sun. Peele, Poems (ed. Routledge, p. 601); an alchemist’s term for gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).

=sol,= a small coin, B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 2 (Bonario); Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. 1 (Ant.). OF. _sol_; L. _solidus_ (sc. _nummus_), a gold coin (in the time of the emperors).

=solayne,= sullen, melancholy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 16, 1. 51; _soleyne_, id., Bowge of Courte, 187; _solein_, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 213. ME. _soleyn_, of maners or he þat lovyth no company, ‘solitarius, Acheronicus’. (Prompt. EETS. 421); ‘The soleyn fenix of Arabye’ (Chaucer, Boke Duch. 982).

=sold,= pay, remuneration, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 6. Med. L. _soldum_, pay, related to L. _solidus_, a piece of money; see =sol.=

=soldado,= a soldier. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (_or_ 1) (Downright). Span. _soldado_, one who is paid; a soldier; deriv. of Med. L. _soldum_, pay. See above. See Stanford.

=soldan,= the supreme ruler of a Mohammedan country, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 31; Milton, P. L. i. 764. ME. _soldan_ (Gower, C. A. i. 245); Ital. _soldano_; Arab, _sulṭân_.

=sole;= see =sowl.=

=solein;= see =solayne.=

=solf,= to sing the notes of the _sol-fa_, or gamut; to sing. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 71; _solfe_, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 415. ME. _solfe_ (P. Plowman, B. v. 423).

†=solidare,= a small piece of money. Timon, iii. 1. 46. Not found elsewhere.

=sollar,= an upper room. Udall, tr. Erasmus, Acts xx. 8 (= ὑπερῷον, _cenaculum_); a loft, ‘Sollars full of wheat’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 1 (Barabas). The word is still in prov. use in various parts of England with many meanings: esp. an upper room, a first-floor apartment; loft or garret (EDD.). The Gk. word ὑπερῷον (Vulg. _cenaculumm_) in Acts xx. 8 is rendered by _soler_ in Wyclif’s tr. (Luther has _söller_). In the Heliand and in Tatian _soleri_ = ‘cenaculum’. ME. _solere_ or lofte, ‘solarium’ (Prompt.); ‘Soler-halle at Cantebregge’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3990, see Notes); OE. _solor_ (_soler_-); L. _solarium_, a part of the house exposed to the sun, esp. a flat house-top (Vulgate, 2 Sam. xi. 2).

=somedele,= somewhat, in some measure, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 40. In prov. use in Scotland, Yorks., Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Some, 1 (3)). ME. _somdel_, in some measure (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3911).

=somer,= a ‘summer’, a supporting beam, a support. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Summer, sb.^{2}). F. _sommier_, ‘the piece of timber called a Summer’ (Cotgr.); OF. _somier_, a pack-horse (Burguy); Med. L. _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, ‘equus clitellarius’ (Ducange); deriv. of _sagma_, a pack, burden; Gk. σάγμα. See Dict. (s.v. Sumpter). For the development of meaning from ‘a kind of horse’ to a ‘timber-beam’, cp. F. _poutre_, (1) a filly, (2) a supporting beam.

=somner,= an official summoner. Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre). ME. _somner_ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 59); _somnour_, summoner, apparitor, an officer who summoned delinquents before the ecclesiastical courts (Chaucer, C. T. A. 543).

=sonde,= a sending, a messenger. Morte Arthur, leaf 420, back, 13; bk. xxi, c. 1. OE. _sand_ (_sond_), a sending, message.

=sonties:= in phr. _by God’s sonties_, an oath used by old Gobbo in Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 17. The same as _God’s santy_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, v. 2 (Bellafront). Adapted from OF. _saintée_, _sancteit_, sanctity, holiness (Godefroy).

=soop,= to sweep; ‘A sooping traine’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); _sooping it_, sweeping alone; id., v. 1 (Studioso). Icel. _sōpa_, to sweep.

=sooreyn,= jaded feeling, exhaustion; ‘Abundance breedes the sooreyn of excesse’, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 286. A back-formation from the verb _to surrein_, to overtire. See =surreined.=

=soote,= sweetly, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 111; also sweet, Surrey, Description of Spring, 1. ME. _sote_, sweetly (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2612), OE. _swōte_, sweetly. Chaucer has also _sote_ as adj. sweet (C. T. A. 1), but the OE. adj. is _swēte_.

=sooterkin,= an imaginary kind of afterbirth formerly attributed to Dutch women; ‘There goes a report of the Holland Women that together with their children they are delivered of a Sooterkin, not unlike a Rat, which some imagine to be the Offspring of the Stoves’, Cleveland (NED.); Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 146. [Swift to Delany (Works, ed. 1755, III. ii. 232); Pope, Dunciad, i. 126; ‘Sooterkin, _maankalf_’, Calisch.] See =mooncalf.=

=sooth,= to declare a statement to be true, to corroborate it. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 47; to support a person in a statement, ‘Sooth me in all I say’, Massinger, Duke Milan, v. 2; _to sooth up_, ‘Sooth me in all I say’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 10. 19. The same word as _soothe_, OE. _sōðian_, to show to be true. The pronunciation of the verb is due to the sb. _sooth_, OE. _sōð_.

=sophie,= wisdom; ‘The seuenfold sophie of Minerue’, Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 67; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. Gk. σοφία.

=sops-in-wine,= a name given to some kind of gilliflower or pink. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 138; B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 6). See Nares.

=sord,= ‘sward’, turf. Milton, P. L. xi. 433; _greene-sord_, green sward, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 157 (so Fol. 1).

=sore,= a buck of the fourth year. Phaer, Aeneid x. 725 (L. _cervum_). ‘The bucke . . . the iij. yere a sowrell, A _sowre_ at the iiij. yere’, Book of St. Albans, fol. e, iiij.

=sorel,= a buck of the third year; ‘Sorell jumps from thicket’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 60; ‘Sorell, a yonge bucke’, Palsgrave; see NED. (s.v. Sorrel, sb.^{2} 2). Anglo-F. _sorel_, a reddish-brown horse (Ch. Rol. 1379), deriv. of _sor_ (id., 1943). See =soar-falcon.=

=sore.= Of the hare: to traverse open ground, ‘I might see [the hare] sore and resore’, i.e. dart off, first in one direction and then in another, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (end). ‘When he gooth the howndys before, He sorth and resorth’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 8, back.

=sore,= to make sore, to hurt. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 38.

=sort,= a company, assemblage of people: Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 13; Richard II, iv. 1. 246; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 5; Ps. lxii. 3 (Great Bible, 1539); rank, degree, ‘A gentleman of great sort’, Hen. V, iv. 7. 143; _of sorts_, of various kinds, ‘They have a king and officers of sorts’ (id., i. 2. 190). Anglo-F. _sort_, company, assemblage (Gower, Mirour, 16800).

=sortilege,= a drawing of lots. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 18. F. _sortilège_, L. _sortilegium_.

=soss,= to make oneself wet and dirty, to dabble; ‘Sossing and possing, dabbling in mire’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle; i. 4 (Hodge); _sost_, pp. made wet and dirty, Tusser, Husbandry, § 48. 20. In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Soss, vb.^{2} and vb.^{3}).

†=sothbind.= ‘But late medcynes can help no sothbynde sore’, Mirror for Mag., Richard, st. 10 (ed. 1578 has: ‘no _festered_ sore’). Not found elsewhere. See Nares.

†=sothery.= The devils are described as having—‘Theyr taylles wel kempt, and, as I wene, With sothery butter theyr bodyes anoynted’, Heywood, The Four Plays, v. 87, Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 18, col. 2; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. Does it mean ‘Surrey butter’? Surrey is spelt _Sothery_ in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 269; and _Sothray_ in Skelton, El. Rummyng, 96.

=souce;= see =souse.=

=soud,= to consolidate, make whole. Pp. _souded_, Morte Arthur, leaf 359. 20; bk. xvii, c. 19. F. _souder_, to consolidate; L. _solidare_.

=souder,= to be soldered together, to become whole; ‘The pecys . . . soudered as fayr as euer they were to-fore’, Morte Arthur, leaf 348. 12; bk. xvii, c. 4.

=soul,= a part of the viscera of a cooked fowl. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.^{1} 8). ‘_Âme_, the soule of a capon or gose’, Palsgrave; ‘_Mazzacáre_, the tender part of any bird or fowl, in a Goose it is called the Soul’ (Florio). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.^{1} 8) and Notes and Queries (8th S. ii. 169).

=souling,= relishing, affording a relish; _souling well_, affording a good relish, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 32. Cp. the north country prov. word _sowl_(_e_, a relish, dainty, anything eaten with bread (EDD.). OE. _sufl_.

=sound,= to swoon, Two Angry Women, iii. 2 (Francis); Heywood, Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 181; a swoon, ‘a deadly sound’, id., Fair Maid of the Exchange (Anthony), vol. ii, p. 15; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 94; ‘She fell into a traunce or sownde’, Stubbes, A Christall Glasse (ed. Furnivall, 202). In common prov. use in Scotland, also in England in various parts, esp. in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.^{2}). See =sowne= (2).

=sounder,= a herd of wild swine. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iv. 163; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); ‘That men calleth a trip of a tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre, that is to say ȝif ther be passyd v or vi togedres’ (Halliwell). OE. _sunor_: ‘sunor bergana’ (Luke viii. 32, Lind.) = ‘grex porcorum’ (Vulg.).

=sourd,= to arise. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; Fabyan’s Chron., ed. 1811, p. 436; p. 499, l. 23. ME. _sourde_, to arise (Chaucer, C. T. I. 475); F. _sourdre_; L. _surgere_.

=sous, souse,= a ‘sou’, a small coin. Farquhar, The Inconstant, i. 2 (Old Mirabel); Prior, Down Hall, st. 33. [‘Those most heav’nly pictures . . . For which the nation paid down every souse’, Peter Pindar, Works (ed. 1816, p. 397).] An obsolete Scotch word (EDD.).

=souse,= to swoop down like a hawk. Heywood, Dialogue, 181 (Mercury), vol. vi, p. 247; to deal a heavy downward blow, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 6; Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules); the downward swoop of a bird of prey, the sudden blow given by a ‘sousing’ hawk, Drayton, Pol. xx. 241; Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 3. 2; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). The word as applied in falconry meant originally the upward spring or swoop of a bird of prey; an older form was _sours_; OF. _sorse_ (mod. _source_), lit. the ‘rise’ of the hawk; cp. Chaucer, C. T. D. 1938, and Hous Fame, ii. 36. See Dict. (s.v. Souse), and Notes on Eng. Etym. 275.

=souse,= brine for pickle. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, ii. 1 (Normandine); ears and feet of a pig in pickle, Tusser, Husbandry, § 12; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 120; hence _souse-wife_ (_sowce-wife_), a woman who sold ‘souse’, Greene, George-a-Greene (ed. Dyce. 257); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Hol. ii. 3 (Firk). ME. _sowce_, ‘succidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 424, see note, no. 2063); OF. _sous_ (_souz_), see Godefroy (s.v. Soult, 2); cp. OHG. _sulza_ (Schade), O. Prov. _soltz_, ‘viande à la vinaigrette’ (Levy); Ital. _solcio_, a seasoning of meat (Florio). Cp. also OF. _solcier_, ‘confire de la viande dans du vinaigre et des épices’ (Raschi). See note on ‘Solz’, in Romania, 1910, p. 176.

=sovenance,= remembrance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 8; Shep. Kal., May, 82, Nov., 5. Anglo-F. _sovenance_ (Gower, Mirour, 8244); F. _souvenance_, ‘memorie, remembrance’ (Cotgr.).

=sovereign,= a gold coin, a ten-shilling piece. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7 (Fallace).

=sow,= a large lump of metal; ‘Sowes of gold’, Mirror for Mag., King Chirinnus, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘_Pano di metallo_, a mass, a sow or ingot of metal’ (Florio).

=sowce-wife;= See =souse= (2).

=sow-gard,= a protecting shield or shelter (= L. _testudo_). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 451. A sow was a military engine consisting of a movable roof arranged to protect men handling a battering-ram or advancing to scale walls.

=sowl,= to pull by the ears. Coriolanus, iv. 5. 213 (old edd. _sole_); spelt _sole_, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, iv. 1 (Vulcan); vol. v, p. 137. ‘Sowl’ is in prov. use in many spellings (_soul_, _sool_, _sole_, _soal_, _saul_), meaning to pull by the ears, also to hit on the head, see EDD. (s.v. Sowl, vb.^{1}).

=sowne, soune,= a sound, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 2; c. 13, § 4; to sound, ‘Sowning through the sky’, Tottel’s Misc., p. 202. ME. _sowne_ (_soune_), to sound (Chaucer). F. _son_, sound; _sonner_, to sound.

=sowne,= to swoon, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 483; a swoon, Puritan Widow, i. 3. 42. In prov. use for swoon, see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.^{2} 1). ME. _sownyn_, ‘sincopo’ (Prompt. EETS. 324). See =sound.=

=sowse;= see =souse.=

=sowter, souter,= a cobbler. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 (Rosalura); Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Mad Lover, ii. 1. 22. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _souter_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3904); OE. _sūtere_; L. _sutor_.

=soyle,= the watery place in which a hunted animal takes refuge. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 115. Used to signify the hunted animal; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 16. See =soil= (pool).

=space,= to walk or roam about. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44. Cp. Ital. _spaziare_, to walk about (_spatiare_ in Florio). L. _spatiari_, whence also O. Prov. _espasiar_, reflex, ‘se promener’ (Levy), and G. _spazieren_. Cp. Med. L. ‘_Spatiamentum_, ambulatio, deambulatio, animi relaxatio’ (Ducange).

=spade,= to make a female animal barren, to ‘spay’. Chapman. Widow’s Tears, v (Governor). Med. L. _spadare_, ‘spadonem facere’ (Ducange), deriv. of L. _spado_, Gk. σπάδων, one who has no generative power, eunuch. See =spay.=

=spade-bone,= blade-bone, shoulder-bone. Drayton, Pol. v. 266; Skinner (ann. 1671). In prov. use (EDD.). _Spade_ = Norm. F. _espalde_, ‘épaule’ (Moisy). For the phonology cp. jade = Icel. _jalda_, a mare, through OF. *_jaude_, *_jalde_. See below.

=spalle,= a shoulder. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ‘Spawl’ (‘spaul’) is in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spaul). OF. _espalle_, _espalde_ (F. _épaule_), Med. L. _spatula_, a shoulder-blade, L. _spatula_, a broad-bladed knife. See =spade-bone.=

=span-counter,= a boys’ game. One boy throws down a counter, which another wins, if he can throw another so as to hit it or lie within a span of it. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 3; Northward Ho, i. 2 (Philip). See Nares.

=spang,= a spangle. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1162; Bacon, Essay 37. Hence _spang’d_, spangled, Three Lords and Three Ladies (Shealty), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 467.

=Spanish fig,= a poisoned fig. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 30.

=Spanish needle,= a needle of the best quality. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1. 6.

=Spanish pike,= a needle; jocosely. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Folly).

=spare, spaire, spayre,= an opening or slit in a gown or petticoat. _Spayre_, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 345; ‘_Sparre_ of a gowne, _fente de la robe_’, Palsgrave; Skene, Difficill Scottish Words (ann. 1681). ME. _speyre_ of garment, ‘cluniculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 427, see note, no. 2083); _spayre_, ‘manubium, cluniculum’ (Cath. Angl.).

=Spargirica,= a name for Alchemy; ‘Ars Spagyrica’ (misspelt), B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 5 (ed. 1616). Ital. _Spargirica_, a name given to Alchemy from its separating and analysing chemical substances (Fanfani). Cotgrave has ‘_Spargirie_, Alchymie’, and ‘_Spargirique_, an Alchemist’. Florio has ‘_Spargirio_, Alchymy or the Extraction of Quintessences’.

=spark,= a diamond. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Rolliardo).

=sparkle,= to scatter, disperse. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, i. 5. 4; Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius); _sparkling_, scattering, Bonduca, iii. 2 (near the end). See Nares, and Trench’s Select Glossary (ed. 1890). In prov. use in Yorks. (EDD.). See =disparkle.=

=sparse,= to scatter. Fairfax, Tasso, xii. 46; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 268. L. _spars-us_, pp. of _spargere_, to scatter. See =sperse.=

=spaw,= a spa, place with mineral waters; ‘Your Tunbridge, or the Spaw itself’, B. Jonson, News from the New World (1 Herald); _The Spawe_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 376 (1572). So named from _Spa_, in Belgium.

=spay,= to render female animals barren; ‘Geld your loose wits, and let your Muse be spay’d’, Cleveland (Johnson’s Dict.). Anglo-F. *_espayer_ (OF. _espeër_) < Med. L. _spadare_, to deprive of generative power (Ducange). See =spade.=

=speed,= to dispatch, destroy, kill; ‘With a speeding thrust his heart he found’, Dryden (Johnson); _sped_, pp. done for, Romeo, iii. 1. 94; Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 72; _speeding-place_, the place where a wound is fatal, and the man is sped. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Quadratus); Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio).

=spence,= expense; ‘Spence, cost, _despence_’, Palsgrave; Ascham, Toxophilus, 122. ME. _spense_, spendynge, ‘dispensa’, Voc. 578. 45; _spence_, or expence (Prompt. EETS. 427).

=spence,= a buttery, a larder; ‘Spens, a buttrye, _despencier_’, Palgrave; _spence_, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 35 (Taverner). In prov. use in Scotland and the north country, meaning a larder, pantry, store-cupboard, see EDD. (s.v. Spense). ME. _spence_, botery, ‘promptuarium’ (Prompt. EETS. 427).

=sperage,= ‘the herb asparagus; it is so called by Gerard, and all the old botanists, as its English name’ (Nares). North, tr. Plutarch, Jul. Caesar, § 16 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 58); Sylv. Du Bartas, Furies (Nares); Haven of Health, c. xxiii, p. 45 (id.). A Glouc. form (EDD.). ME. _sperage_, asparagus (Palladius, Husbandry, 112).

=spere,= used in the sense of a youth, a stripling; ‘A lusty spere’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 947; Poems ag. Garnesche, iii. 41. Prob. a _fig._ use of ‘spere’, a young shoot or sprout, still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Spear, sb.^{1} 7).

=spere, speer,= to shoot, sprout, a term in malting, Tusser, Husbandry, § 84. 5. See =spire.=

=sperhauk,= sparrowhawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 301. 34; bk. xii, c. 7. Cp. OE. _spearhafoc_ (Voc. 132. 26); _spearwa_, sparrow + _hafoc_, hawk.

=sperre,= to shut, fasten, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224; Tr. and Cr., Prol. 19 (Theobald’s emendation); ‘I sperre, _Je ferme_. This verbe is of the northyrne langaige and nat commynly in use’, Palsgrave. _Spear_, ‘to bar or fasten a door’, is a Northumbrian word, see EDD. (s.v. Speer, vb. 6. 2); ‘To _sper_, to shut, to fasten a door with a bar of wood’ (Jamieson). ME. _sperre_, ‘claudere’ (Cath. Angl.); _sperred_, barred (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 521). Cp. G. _sperren_, to shut (in or out).

=sperse,= to scatter, ‘disperse’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 39; v. 3. 37.

=spertle,= to sprinkle with fluid, Drayton, Pol. ii. 283. In prov. use in the Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. Spirtle).

=spheres.= Peacham, Compl. Gentleman, c. 7, gives the old eleven spheres: ‘The eleventh heaven is the habitation of God and his angels. The tenth, the first moover [_primum mobile_]. The ninth, the Christalline heaven. The eighth, the starry firmament. Then the seven planets in their order’ [viz. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon]. In the Ptolemaic astronomy, the sun went round the earth, which was the immovable centre of the universe.

=spial,= a spy. Bacon, Essay 44. In some edd. for _espial_ in 1 Hen. VI, i. 4. 8; _spials_, spies, Marl. 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 2. 35. See =espial.=

=spice,= a species, kind, sort. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 1, §§ 1, 3; ‘Spyce, a kynde, _espece_’, Palsgrave. ME. _spice_, species, kind: ‘Absteyne you fro yvel spice’ (Wyclif, 1 Thess. v. 22); ‘The spices (v.r. speces) of envye ben these’ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 490). OF. _espice_, a species, L. _species_, a kind, sort (Vulgate, 1 Thess. v. 22).

=spiced,= scrupulous, over-nice, too particular; ‘Out of a scruple he took . . . in spiced conscience’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Sejanus, v. 4 (Sej.); Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 1 (Cleanthe). See note on Chaucer, C. T. A. 526. See =spice.=

=spick,= lard. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 335. In Scotland the fat of animals, the blubber of whales (EDD.). ME. _spyke_ or fette flesch, ‘popa’ (Prompt. EETS. 428). Icel. _spik_, the fat of seals or whales, cp. OE. _spic_, fat bacon; G. _speck_, bacon, lard.

=spilt,= (perhaps) inlaid with thin slips. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 5. See EDD. (s.v. Spill, sb.^{2} 1).

=spilth,= a spilling, pouring out. Used of wine, Timon, ii. 2. 169. A Scottish word; also in use in Suffolk (EDD.).

=spinet,= a spinny, a copse, thicket. B. Jonson, The Satyr, first stage-direction. L. _spinetum_, a thicket of thorns; from _spina_, thorn.

=spinner,= a spider. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 21; Romeo, i. 4. 59; ‘Spynner or spyder, _herigne_’, Palsgrave; ‘_Araigne_, a spider or spinner’, Cotgrave. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _spynner_, ‘arania’ (Prompt.).

=spintry,= a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). L. _spintria_.

=spiny,= slender. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (1 Puritan); A Mad World, iii. 2. 7. Cp. prov. words _spindly_, _spindling_, _spindle_, meaning slender, see EDD. (s.v. Spindle).

=spire,= to sprout, shoot forth. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Spire, vb.^{1} 8). ME. _spyryn_, as corn or odyre lyk, ‘spico’; _spyre_ of corne (Prompt. EETS. 429 and 463). OE. _spīr_ (Leechdoms), cp. Dan. _spire_, a germ, sprout. See =spere.=

=spirget,= a wooden peg on which to hang things; ‘There hung a Bowle of Beech upon a _spirget_ by a ring’, Golding, Metam. viii. 653. ‘Spurget’ is in prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and Sussex for an iron hook, see EDD. (s.v. Sperket).

=spirt,= to shoot up (as a plant), to sprout. Hen. V, iii. 5. 8; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 558. In prov. use in the Midlands and Dorset (EDD.). OE. _sprytian_, to sprout, germinate.

=spital, spittle,= a hospital. Formerly _hospital_; whence _’spital_. Hen. V, ii. 1. 78; v. 1. 86; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 151; _spittle_, Sir Thos. More, i. 3. 81; ‘_Ladrerie_, a Spittle for lepers’, Cotgrave. Hence, _spital-house_, Timon, iv. 3. 39. ME. _spytyl hows_, ‘leprosorium’ (Prompt. EETS. 429).

=spitchcock’d.= _A spitchcock’d eel_, a broiled eel spread on a skewer, ‘Spitchcock’d like a salted eel’, Cotton, Burlesque (Poems, p. 222); Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 239. Hence _spitchcock_, a spitchcocked eel, Northward Ho, i. 1 (Chamberlain). See Dict. (s.v. Spitch-cock).

=spitter,= ‘Among Hunters, a red Male Deer near two Years old, whose Horns begin to grow up sharp, and spit-wise; it is also call’d a Brocket or Pricket’, Phillips, Dict., ed. 1706; ‘_Subulo_, an hart havyng hornes without tynes, called (as I suppose) a spittare’, Elyot, 1559. Applied to a full-grown stag by Golding, Metam. x. 117; fol. 121 (1603). Cp. G. _spiesser_, a brocket, a buck of the second year (Grieb-Schröer).

=spittle;= see =spital.=

=splay,= to display, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 93. 13; ‘Hys banners splaide’, and ‘Our ensignes splayde’, Gascoigne (Nares). Cp. E. _splay-foot_, see Dict. (s.v. Splay).

=splay,= to castrate, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 249 (mod. edd. _spay_). In Shropshire heifers are _splayed_ to make them barren (EDD.).

=spleen.= The organ of the body viewed as the seat of emotions and passions; impetuosity, eagerness, ‘The spleen of fiery dragons’, Richard III, v. 3. 350; malice, hatred, ‘I have no spleen against you’, Hen. VIII, ii. 4. 89; a fit of passion,’ A hair-brained Hotspur, governed by a spleen’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 19; any sudden impulse or fit beyond the control of reason, esp. a fit of laughter, ‘Thy silly thought enforces my spleen’, L. L. L. iii. 77; a caprice, ‘A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways’, Ven. and Ad. 907. See Schmidt.

=splent,= a lath, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 122. 10; ‘Splent for an house, _laite_’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Splint, sb.^{1} 2). ME. _splente_ (Prompt. EETS. 429).

=splent,= ‘a kind of hard swelling, without Pain, that grows on the Bone of a Horse’s Leg’, Phillips, Dict., 1706; Greene, Looking Glasse, i (p. 120).

=sploach,= a ‘splotch’, a blot. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, v. 1 (Don Diego). ‘Splotch’ is in common prov. use (EDD.).

=spondil,= one of the vertebrae of the spine; ‘The spondils of his back’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Tuck). Gk. (Ionic) σπόνδυλος, (Attic) σφόνδυλος, a vertebra.

=spooks-make,= interpreter; ‘Of Gods the spooks-make’ (= L. _interpres Divum_), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 373. _Spooks-make_ = _spokes-make_. ‘Spoke’ is in prov. use for talk, conversation (EDD.); ‘make’ is still in prov. use, meaning a companion. See =make.=

=spoom,= to sail before the wind. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 96; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 1 (Master).

=spoon-meat,= broth. Middleton, The Witch, iv. 1 (Almachildes).

=spoorn,= some kind of hobgoblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Denham Tracts (ed. 1895, ii. 77); _the spoorne_, Scot, Disc. Witches, 153.

=spousayles,= a marriage, wedding. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (ed. Croft, ii. 142); _spousals_, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 407. OF. _espousailles_; L. _sponsalia_, pl.

=sprag,= quick, alert. Merry Wives, iv. 1. 84. In prov. use in the north country, Worc. and the west (EDD.). ‘Sprag’ is a later form of ‘sprack’, in common prov. use in various parts of England. Cp. Norw. dial. _spræk_, fresh, lively (Aasen).

=spraints,= the dung of the otter, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 73, p. 201; _sprayntes_, id., c. 37, p. 98; Maister of Game, c. 11; Howell, Parl. of Beasts, 8 (Davies, 162). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). [C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, xviii.] F. ‘_esprainctes_, _espreinctes_, dung of the otter’ (Cotgr.); _épreintes_ de la loutre (Hatzfeld). OF. _espreindre_, to press out, L. _exprimere_.

=sprent,= _pp._ sprinkled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 45. In prov. use in Scotland and the north country (EDD.). ME. _spreynd_, also _spreynt_, sprinkled (Wyclif, Heb. ix. 13; Rev. xix. 13), pp. of _sprengen_, to sprinkle, OE. _sprengan_.

=spring.= _A spring garden_, a garden in which a concealed spring was made to spout jets of water over a visitor, when he trod upon a particular spot. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. I, sc. 1 (Sophocles).

=spring,= a dance-tune. Fletcher, Prophetess, v. 3 (3 Shepherd). In prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spring, 9). ME. _spring_, a merry dance (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1235).

=spring-halt,= a lameness in which a horse twitches up his leg. Hen. VIII, i. 3. 13.

=spring:= _a spring of pork_, the lower part of the fore-quarter, divided from the neck. Fletcher, The Prophetess, i. 3. 7. In prov. use in Northants (EDD.). See Nares.

=spring,= the young growth in a wood, a copse, a grove; ‘The nightingale among the thick-leav’d spring’, Fletcher, Faithful Sheph. v. 1; Fairfax, Tasso, xiii. 35; ‘In yonder spring of roses’, Milton, P. L. ix. 218; a young shoot of a tree, Lucrece, 950; _fig._ a youth, lad, ‘Being yong and yet a very spring’, Mirrour for Mag., Northumberland, st. 4; Spenser, Muiopotmos, 292. ‘Spring’ is in prov. use for young growth, the undergrowth of wood; a copse, a grove (EDD.).

=springal,= a youth. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, iii. 2 (Cassilane); _springald_, id., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2; ‘Springald, _adolescens_’, Levins, Manip. See EDD. (s.v. Springald).

=spruntly,= smartly, sprucely. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Lady T.). The adj. is in prov. use (EDD.).

=spurblind,= ‘purblind’, nearly blind. Lyly, Sapho, ii. 2 (Phao). Halliwell says that the word was used by Latimer.

=spurling,= a smelt. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 5; Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion). ME. _sperlynge_, ‘sperlingus’ (Cath. Angl.); F. _esperlan_, a smelt (Cotgr.).

=spur-ryal, spur-royal,= a gold coin, worth about fifteen shillings; also called a _royal_ or _ryal_. It had a star on the reverse resembling a rowel of a spur (Nares). Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Young Loveless); Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).

=spyon, spion,= a scout, in an army; ‘Captain of the Spyons’, Heywood, Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 242. F. ‘_espion_, a spy, scout; _espier_, to spy’ (Cotgr.).

=spyrre,= to ask, inquire. Morte Arthur, leaf 416, back, 36; bk. xxi, c. 8. Cp. ‘spur’ in use in the north country for publishing or _asking_ the banns of matrimony in church, see EDD. (s.v. Spur, vb.^{2}). ME. _speren_, to ask (Barbour’s Bruce, see Gloss.). OE. _spyrian_, to inquire into.

=squall,= a term of endearment; ‘The rich gull gallant calls her deare and love, Ducke, lambe, squall, sweet-heart, cony, and his dove’, Taylor, 1630 (Nares); Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Hellgill); Five Gallants, iv. 2. 3; used as a term of reproach, ‘_Obereau_, a young minx or little proud squal’, Cotgrave; also, applied to a man as a term of contempt, Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 199). See Halliwell.

=squander,= to scatter, disperse, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 32; Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 67. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).

=square,= rule, exact conduct; ‘I have not kept my square’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 3. 6; ‘Never breaks square’ (i.e. never gives offence), Middleton, The Widow, ii (end).

=square,= to quarrel. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 30; Titus And. ii. 1. 100; Ant. and Cl. ii. 1. 45; Harington, Ariosto, xiv. 72; id., Ep. i. 37; a quarrel, Promos and Cass. ii. 4 (Nares). Hence _squarer_, a quarreller, Much Ado, i. 1. 82. Also, a squadron, ‘Our squares of battle’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 28; ‘Squares of war’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 40. Cp. O. Prov. _esqueira_, ‘corps de bataille’ (Levy). Med. L. _squadra_, ‘caterva, turba, cohors; acies, copiae militares’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _squadra_, ‘a squadron or troop of men’ (Florio); F. _escadre_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.vv. Square, Squadron).

=squares.= _How go the squares?_ how goes the game? The reference is to the chessboard; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Purge); May, The Old Couple, iv. 1 (Sir Argent).

=squash,= the shell or pod of peas or beans; an unripe pea-pod. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 166; Wint. Tale, i. 2. 161. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Squash, vb.^{1} 3).

=squat,= to squeeze, crush, bruise. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Savourwit). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). OF. _esquatir_, ‘aplatir, briser’ (Didot). See Dict.

=squelch,= to crush, bruise, strike with a heavy blow. Fletcher, Nice Valour, v. 1 (Galoshio); a heavy blow, Butler, Hud. i. 2. 836, 933. In prov. use (EDD.).

=squelter,= to ‘welter’, wallow, roll about; ‘The slaughter’d Trojans squeltring in their blood’, Locrine, ii. 6. 4.

=squib,= a paltry fellow. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 371. In prov. use in west Yorks. in the sense of a small dwarfish person, see EDD. (s.v. Squib, sb.^{2}).

=squib,= used _fig._ for a flashy, futile project or design, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 195).

=squich,= to move quickly. Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. ii. 387; to wince, to flinch, Soliman and Perseda, iv. (Basilisco), id., v. 343. Probably identical with prov. E. _switch_, to move quickly, see EDD. (s.v. Switch, vb.^{1} 9).

=squince,= the quinsy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 22, § 3; ‘_Squinantia_, the Squince or Squinancie’, Florio; also _squincy_, ‘_Esquinance_, the Squincy’, Cotgrave; ‘Shall we not be suspected for the murder, And choke with a hempen squincy’, Randolph, The Jealous Lovers (ed. 1634, p. 54). ME. _squynesy_, ‘squinancia’ (Prompt. EETS. 431). Sec Dict. (s.v. Quinsy).

=squinny, squiny,= to look asquint. King Lear, iv. 6. 140; ‘How scornfully she squinnies’, Shirley, Sisters, ii. 2 (Antonio). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=squire, squier,= a ‘square’, a rule for measuring, Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 348; _by the squire_, by exact rule, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Pan). ME. _squire_, a carpenter’s instrument (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2090). F. ‘_esquierre_, a rule or square’ (Cotgr.).

=staddle,= a prop, support. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 14; a young growing tree left standing in a wood after the underwood has been cut away, Bacon, Essay 29, § 5; id., Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 72). See EDD. OE. _staþol_, a foundation, firm support.

=staffe,= a stave, a stanza; ‘_Staffe_ . . . The Italian called it _Stanza_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 2 (Of proportion in Staffe).

=staffier,= a lacquey, a footman. Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 651. F. ‘_estaffier_, a lackey or footboy, that runs by the stirrup; a servingman that waits afoot, while his master rides; _estaphe_, a stirrup’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _staffiere_, ‘a lacquey, that runs by a man’s stirrup’; _staffa_, ‘a kind of stirrup for a saddle’ (Florio). Of Germ. origin, cp. G. _stapfe_, a foot-step.

=staggers,= a sudden fit of giddiness, vertigo. Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Calis); Cymbeline, v. 5. 234; All’s Well, ii. 3. 170; a disease in horses indicated by staggering and falling down, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 55.

=stakker,= to stagger. Morte Arthur, leaf 232, back, 6; bk. x, c. 30; and in Palsgrave. ME. _stakeren_, to stagger (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2687). Norw. dial. _stakra_, to stagger (Aasen).

=stale,= a station where one lies in wait for birds; ‘Stale for foules takynge’, Palsgrave; _to lie in stale_, to lie in wait or ambush, ‘As I lay in stale To fight with the duke Richard’s eldest son, I was destroy’d’, Mirror for Mag., 366 (Nares); Stanyhurst, Desc. Ireland (Halliwell). ME. _staal_, of fowlynge or of byrdys takynge ‘stacionaria’ (Prompt. EETS. 432). OF. _estal_, place, séjour, arrêt; _prendre son estal_, prendre position (Didot), Anglo-F. _estal_ (Ch. Rol. 1108, 2319).

=stale,= a decoy; a bird or something in the form of a bird set up to allure a bird of prey; ‘The fowler’s stale the appearance of which brings but others to the net’, Cap of Gray Hairs (ed. 1688, p. 96); see Halliwell; Mirrour for Mag. (Nares); Sidney, Arcadia, ii, p. 169 (Nares); an object of allurement, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 3; Tempest, iv. 1. 187; a device, trick, F. Q. ii. 1. 4; a laughing-stock, Titus And. i. 2. 241. In prov. use in Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{1}). Anglo-F. _estale_, ‘appeau, oiseau qui sert à attirer les autres’ (Vocab. to Bozon).

=stale,= the shaft of an arrow, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 173; the shaft of a javelin, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use in the sense of a shaft, a long slender handle, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{2} 1). See =stele.=

=stale,= the urine of horses and cattle, Ant. and Cl. i. 4. 62 to urinate, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 152; ‘_Escloy_, urine, stale’, Cotgrave. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, vb.^{3}). OF. _estaler_, to stale (of horses), see Godefroy. Of Germ, origin, cp. Dan. _stalle_, Swed. _stalla_, to urinate; cp. G. _stallen_ (used of horses); _stall_, urine.

=stale,= stalemate, at chess; ‘Like a stale at chess, where it is no mate, but yet the game cannot stir’, Bacon, Essay 12.

=stale,= to render stale, to make common and worthless. Coriol. i. 1. 95; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 240; Jul. Caesar, i. 2. 73; _a stale_, a prostitute, harlot, Much Ado, ii. 2. 26; iv. 1. 66.

=stall,= to forestall. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tiberius); Massinger, Bashful Lover, iv. 3.

=stall,= to install set in authority, Richard III, i. 3. 206; ‘And stawled gods doe condiscend’, Turbervile, The Lover excuseth himself. _Stalled to the rogue_ (Cant Phrase), admitted as a recognized thief, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); Harman, Caveat, p. 34. The master-thief admitted a rogue with the ceremony of pouring a quart of beer over his head, and using a formula of words.

=stall,= to stick fast; ‘When his cart was stalled (he) lay flat on his back and cried aloud, Help, Hercules!’, Burton, Anat. Mel., p. 222 (Nares). In prov. use in the north country and Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Stall, vb. 20).

=stalled,= _pp._; ‘Dole perpetuall, From whence he never should be quit, nor stal’d’ (rimes with _cal’d_), Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1245. Meaning doubtful.

=stalling ken,= a house for receiving stolen goods (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); _stauling ken_, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).

=stammel, stamel,= a kind of woollen cloth, of a red colour. Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 1 (Cleremont); Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, ii. 1 (D’Ol.). See Nares and Halliwell.

=stamp,= a stamped coin, a coin. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 16; Macbeth, iv. 3. 153.

=stand.= _It stands me upon_, it is incumbent on me, it is important to me, I ought. _It standeth thee upon_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 271.

=standard,= a standing-bowl. Greene, Looking Glasse, v. 1 (1858); p. 141, col. 2.

=stander-grass, standard-grass, stander-wort, standle-wort,= _Orchis mascula_, and other allied plants. _Standelwort_, or _Standergrass_, Lyte’s Dodoens, bk. ii, ch. 56; _Royal Standergrass_, or Palma Christi, id., ch. 59; ‘_Foul standergrass_’, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 2 (Clorin).

=staniel,= a kind of hawk, considered as of inferior value, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 124; hence, a coward, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Haxter); hence _stanielry_, cowardice, id., v. 2. 17. In prov. use in the north country for the kestrel or windhover, see EDD. (s.v. Stannel). OE. _stangella_, used to translate L. _pellicanus_ in Ps. ci. 7 (Vesp. Psalter). See notes on Eng. Etym.

=stank,= weary. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 47. Ital. _stanco_, weary.

=stare,= a starling. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 541; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2 (B. Knight). In prov. use in Ireland and in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _stare_, a starling (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 348); OE. _stær_: ‘tuoege staras’ (Lind. Gosp., Matt. x. 29, rendering of Vulgate _duo passeres_).

=stare,= to bristle up; said of hair. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 56. 11; § 98. 4; Jul. Caesar, iv. 3. 280. In prov. use: they say in Herts, ‘It will make her (a cow’s) hair to stare’, see EDD. (s.v. Stare, vb. 4). Cp. G. _starren_, to bristle.

=stark,= stout, sturdy. Sir T. Wyatt (Nares); stiff (used in speaking of a dead body), 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 42; Romeo, iv. 1. 103; Cymbeline, iv. 2. 209; _starkly_, stiffly (as in a dead body), Meas. for M. iv. 2. 70. In common prov. use in the north country in the two meanings (1) stout, sturdy, and (2) stiff, esp. through rheumatism (EDD.). OE. _stearc_, stiff, rigid; rough, strong (B. T.); Icel. _sterkr_, strong. See =storken.=

=startups,= rustic shoes with high tops, or half-gaiters; ‘_Guestres_ [gaiters], startups, high shooes, or gamashes for countrey folks’, Cotgrave; Hall, Satires, book vi; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 4 (Cloe). See Nares. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).

=state,= high rank, dignity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 93; _chair of state_, a canopied chair, dais, or throne for a king, 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 51; Hen. VIII, iv. 1. 67; _state_ = _chair of state_, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 51; Coriol. v. 24; Macbeth, iii. 4. 5; _states_, persons of high rank, Cymb. iii. 4. 39; _state_, an estate, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 1. 7; Rule a Wife, iii. 5 (Leon).

=statist,= a statesman, politician. Hamlet, v. 2. 33; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius). Ital. _statista_ (Florio).

=statua,= a statue. Jul. Caesar, iii. 2. Bacon, Essay 27, § 6, and 45, § 3; a picture, Massinger, City Madam, v. 3 (Sir John, 15th speech). L. _statua_, an image, statue (commonly made of metal).

=statuminate,= to prop up. B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). L. _statumino_ (Pliny).

=statute-caps,= woollen caps, which, by a statute of 1571, citizens were enjoined to wear on holydays. L. L. L. v. 2. 281. Also, the wearers of such caps, citizens, Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). See Nares.

=statute-lace,= lace made according to a law that regulated its width and material. Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (Perigot).

=statute-merchant,= or =statute-staple,= a bond acknowledged before one of the clerks of the _statute-merchant_, and mayor of the _staple_, or chief warden of the City of London, or other sufficient men; see quotation from Blount, in Nares. ‘His lands be engaged in twenty statutes staple’, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Glister); cp. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 110.

=stauling ken;= see =stalling ken.=

=staunce,= disagreement. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). See =distance.=

=stead,= to stand in good stead; ‘Necessaries which since have steaded much’, Temp. i. 2. 165; to be of use to, benefit, help, Gent. Ver. ii. 1. 124; Othello, i. 3. 344; _stead up_, to take a person’s place (in an arrangement), Meas. for M. iii. 1. 261.

=steaming;= see =steming.=

=sted,= a bedstead. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgies, ii. 726.

=stedy,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149, back, 30. This form for ‘stithy’ is in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Stiddy). Icel. _steði_. See =stithy.=

=steenkirk,= a loose cravat of fine lace. Vanbrugh, The Relapse, i. 3 (Sempstress); Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2 (Scandal). Named with reference to the battle of Steenkerke (1692). See Stanford.

=stele,= the shaft of an arrow, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; the handle of a rake, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 19; ‘Steale or handell of a staffe, _manche_’, Palsgrave. This word in many spellings is in common prov. use in Scotland and England for a shaft or handle, esp. a long straight handle, see EDD. (s.v. Steal, sb.^{2}). ME. _stele_, or sterte of a vessel, ‘ansa’ (Prompt. EETS. 434). OE. _stela_, a stalk. See =stale= (3).

=stelled,= fixed; ‘A face where all distress is stell’d’, Lucrece, 1444; _stelled fires_, fixed stars, King Lear, iii. 7. 61. ‘To stell’ is in prov. use in Scotland in the sense of to place, set, fix, see EDD. (s.v. Stell, vb. 7). OE. _stellan_, to place.

=stellionate,= fraudulent dealing. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 62. L. _stellionatus_, trickery; from _stellio_, a knave.

=stem,= to keep in, enclose. Spelt _stemme_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 12. Icel. _stemma_, to stop, dam up.

=steming,= shining, bright; ‘Two stemyng eyes’, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 53; ‘With skouling steaming eyes’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 300 (L. _stant lumina flamma_). ME. _steeme_, or lowe of fyre, ‘flamma’ (Prompt. EETS. 434); _stem_: ‘A stem Als it were a sunnebem’ (Havelok, 591).

=stench,= ‘staunch’, firm; hence, continent. Lady Alimony, iii. 3 (Sea-song, st. 5). See EDD. (s.v. Staunch, adj. 10 and 11).

=stene, steane,= a stone jar or pitcher. Spelt _stene_, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Aristippus, § 17; _steane_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 42. ‘Stean’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. 3). ME. _steene_, a pitcher, earthenware vessel, Trevisa, tr. Higden, bk. i, c. 41; OE. _stǣna_, an earthenware jug (Sweet).

=stent,= to leave off, to cause to cease. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 12; to cease, pt. t., Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 32. In common prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stent, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _stenten_, to cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See =stint.=

=stepony;= see =stiponie.=

=stept in age,= advanced in years. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 152. OE. _stæppan_, _steppan_, to proceed, advance (B. T.).

=stern,= the hinder part of an object; used of the tail of a dragon. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; i. 11. 28. The same word as _stern_, the hinder part of a ship. Hence _sternage_, steerage, Hen. V, iii, Prol. 18. Icel. _stjōrn_, a steering, hence, the steering-place.

=sterve,= to die. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34; Fairfax, Tasso, ii. 17. ME. _sterve_, to die, esp. to die of famine (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249; C. T. C. 451). OE. _steorfan_, to die; cp. G. _sterben_.

=stethva,= a congress of Welsh bards. Drayton, Pol. iv. 177. Welsh _eisteddfod_.

=steven,= voice, outcry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 224; _steuyn_, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 130, l. 144. In common prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Steven, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _stevene_, voice (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2562). OE. _stefn_.

=stick-free,= sword-proof, invulnerable to a sword-thrust. Burton, Anat. Mel., Of Witches and Magicians (ed. Shilleto, 1. 233); Shirley, Young Admiral, iv. 1 (ed. 1637). See Mod. Lang. Notes, June, 1912. G. _stichfrei_, sword-proof.

=stickle,= to interpose between combatants, and separate them when they had sufficiently satisfied the laws of honour, to act as umpire between combatants; ‘I styckyll betwene wrastellers . . . to se that none do other wronge, or I parte folkes that be redy to fyght’, Palsgrave; ‘(The angel) stickles betwixt the remainders of God’s hosts and the race of fiends’, Dryden, Ded. Trans. Juvenal; _to be stickled_, to be settled by a ‘stickler’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph. 6. Hence _stickler_, Tr. and Cr. v. 8. 18; Florio, Montaigne, ii. 27; Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, 41. ME. _stihtlen_, to order, arrange, as a steward or a master of the ceremonies (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 40). See Nares, Trench, Select Glossary (ed. 1890), and Dict.

=sticklebag,= a ‘stickleback’, a small fish. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey).

=stigmatic,= one branded with infamy, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 26; one branded by nature with deformity, 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 215; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 136; also, _stigmatical_, Com. Errors, iv. 2. 22. Gk. στιγματικός, branded with a mark (στίγμα).

=stike,= a ‘stich’, a verse. Sackville, Induction, st. 21. Gk. στίχος, a row, a line.

=still,= to ‘distil’, to fall in drops. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 35.

=stillatory,= a still-room, for keeping distilled waters. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (near end). Late L. _stillatorium_, from _stillare_, to fall in drops.

=Stilliard,= the Steelyard; the place of business used by the German merchants in London. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); _Stilyard merchants_, merchants of the Steelyard, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 88). See Notes and Queries, 10 S. vi. 413, and Dict. (s.v. Steelyard, 1).

=stint,= to cause to cease. Timon, v. 4. 83; to cease, Pericles, iv. 4. 42; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; Mother Hubberd, 1092. ME. _stinte_, to cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See M. and S. (s.v. Stynten). OE. _styntan_, to make dull, ‘_hebetare_’ (B. T.). See =stent.=

=stint,= some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet (EDD.).

=stiponie.= ‘_Stipone_, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612. ‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? _Maid._ I know how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick); also spelt _stepony_, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155.

=stire, styre,= to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE. _stȳran_, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer).

=stirp,= a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. _stirps_, a stem.

=stitch,= a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter passage, a _stitch’s_ length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This word is in prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of land, as much land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of grass-land in an arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.^{1} 8 and 9).

=stitch,= a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick).

=stitchel,= a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony, v. 3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v. Stetchel).

=stithy,= an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have _stith_); to forge, ‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stith_, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2026). Icel. _steði_. See =stedy.=

=stoccata,= a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; _stoccado_, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 234; _stockado_, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. _stoccata_, a thrust, a stoccado given with a _stócco_ (a tuck or short-arming sword); see Florio; Span. _estocáda_, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens).

=stock,= to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Alvarez); a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole); Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Matzagente). F. _estoc_, ‘a rapier or tuck, also, a thrust; _coup d’estoc_, a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See =stuck.=

=stock,= nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3 (ed. Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v. Stock, 18).

=stock-fish,= dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or _stockes_, by reason whereof the Germayns caule them _stockefyshe_’, R. Eden, Works (ed. Arber, p. 303); Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the name is uncertain; Koolman gives the Low G. form as _stok-fisk_, and thinks they were so called because dried upon _stocks_ or poles in the sun.

=stoin,= to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii, 774; iii. 48 (L. _obstupui_). See =astonied.=

=stomach,= courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2. 34; resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be angry, Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use for courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port. _estomago_, courage, valour, resolution; L. _stomachus_, displeasure, irritation, _stomachari_, to be irritated, out of humour.

=stond,= a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve seen a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7).

=stone-bow,= a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth Night, ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9.

=stool-ball,= a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton, Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.).

=stoop,= a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious stoops’, Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, _souche_’, Palsgrave; _stulpe_, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79). The word is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms: _stoup_, _stowp_, _stolpe_, _stulp_(_e_, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.^{1}). ME. _stulp_, or stake, ‘paxillus’ (Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no. 2171). Icel. _stōlpi_, a post, pillar, cp. _Stōlpa-sund_, the Pillar Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the Straits of Gibraltar.

=stoop,= to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds . . . before him drove’, Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used _fig._, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3 (Lovewit); used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my pheasant’, Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit) to stoop whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius).

=stoor,= strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. _stoore_, or herd, or boystows, ‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. _stōrr_, rough, great. See =stowre.=

=stooved,= kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’, Bacon, Essay 46. From _stoove_ = _stove_.

=storken,= to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, _congelari_’, Levins, Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel. _storkna_, to coagulate. See =stark.=

=stork’s bill,= a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. _ciconia_, (1) a stork; (2) a derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill (Persius).

=stound, stownd,= time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38; Shep. Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘_stounds_, fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stounde_, hour, time (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1212), OE. _stund_. See =stowne.=

=stoup,= a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius).

=stour, stowre,= a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion, disturbance; danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii. 3. 50; Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. _stour_, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1270). Anglo-F. _estour_, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O. Prov. _estor_, _estorn_, ‘combat, mêlée’; _estornir_, _estormir_, ‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. _stormo_, a conflict, combat (Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. _sturm_, disturbance, combat (Schade).

=stover,= provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes . . . not so profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison, Desc. Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv. 1. 63; Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.). Anglo-F. _estover_, maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of wood to be taken out of another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF. _estovoir_, to be necessary. Romanic type _stopere_, a verb formed from L. _est opus_, it is necessary, so W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland, Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange (s.v. Estoverium).

=stover up,= to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To stover’ is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to bristle up’, probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above.

=stownd,= to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v (Ajax); p. 343; _stound_, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19.

=stowne,= an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’, Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See =stound.=

=stowre,= strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of conversacyon, _estourdy_’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12; _stower_, hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See =stoor.=

=strage,= slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16; Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius). L. _strages_, slaughter.

=strain,= race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes. v. 1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of =strene,= q.v.

=strain:= phr. _to strain courtesy_, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse to go first, Venus and Ad. 888.

=strain,= to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.^{3}).

=strain,= to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80.

=strake,= a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the game is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many other blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52; ‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. _strake_, to sound a note, to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386).

=strake,= the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xx. 247; BIBLE, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section or strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake, sb.^{1} 2).

=stramazoun,= a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fast. Brisk); _stramison_, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Ital. _stramazzone_, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of _stramazzare_, ‘to kill throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. _estramaçon_, a stroke given with the edge of the sword (Hatzfeld).

=strange,= belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph . . . made himselfe strange unto them’, BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a stranger towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45, 46 (P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; _to make it strange_, to seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus And. ii. 1. 81; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. _estrange_, foreign; L. _extraneus_.

=strangeness,= shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 2 (Isabella).

=strappado,= a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which inflicted severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking form, but it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. _strappata_, a pulling-up (Florio). Cp. F. _strapade_ (16th cent., Godefroy); _estrapade_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). See Stanford.

=strapple,= to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); to impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means to bind, make fast with a cord, &c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _strapeles_, fastenings of breeches; _strapils_, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S.

=streak,= to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _streken_ (Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); _strekis_, stretches (Wars Alex. 1953).

=strene,= generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi. 6. 9. ME. _streen_, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. E. 157); OE. (Anglian) _strēnan_ (WS. _strīenan_), to beget, generate. See =strain= (race).

=strength,= a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2 (Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, BIBLE, Ezek. xxx. 15.

=streperous,= noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus); vol. vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L. _obstreperus_, noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of _strepere_, to make a noise.

=strich,= the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. _strix_, Gk. στρίγξ.

=strike:= phr. _strike me luck_, used in striking a bargain, and giving earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540.

=strike,= to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell.

=striker,= a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 Court.); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end).

=stringer,= a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, i. 1 (Wife).

=strip,= to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly, ‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson, School of Abuse (Halliwell).

†=strives= (=?=)=.= ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. U 5, back.

=stroke,= to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Opinion); _stroker_, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE. _strācian_, to stroke, caress, cp. OHG. _streichōn_, ‘demulcere’.

=strommel;= see =strummel.=

=strong,= _pp._ strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16.

=stroot, strout,= to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME. _strowtyn_, ‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. _strotzen_, to swell. See =strut.=

=strossers,= tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks. See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).

=strout;= see =stroot.=

=stroy,= to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. _stroyen_, to destroy (P. Plowman, B. xv. 387).

=strummel,= straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); _strommel_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence _strummel-patched_, ‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as _strummel_, E. Anglian for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.).

=strut,= to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See =stroot.=

=stryfull,= strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12.

=stuck,= in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained as = _stoccado_, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier itself. Cp. Cotgrave: ‘_Estoc_, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See =stock.=

=studde,= stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13. ‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham), the same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. _stode_, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4), OE. _studu_, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. _stoð_, a post. See Dict. (s.v. Stud).

=stulpe;= see =stoop= (a post).

=stum,= unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5; Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence _stummed wine_, wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2. _Stum_, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Dorimant). Du. _stom_, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; _gestomde wyn_, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel).

=stupe,= a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L. _stuppa_, tow.

=stutte,= to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte, _Je besgue_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt). ME. _stotyn_, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); _stutte_, ‘balbutire’ (Cath. Angl.).

=sty, stie,= to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7. 46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. _stien_, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx. 17). OE. _stīgan_.

=styfemoder,= stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du. _stiefmoeder_ (Hexham).

=subact,= to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L. _subactus_, pp. of _subigere_, to subdue, reduce.

=subeth.= ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. _subet_, ‘a lethargy’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _subitus_ = L. _sopitus_, deriv. of _sopire_, to deprive of consciousness, to lull to sleep; see Ducange.

=sublime,= to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Mammon).

=submit,= to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord Chancellor Clarendon, 139; _submitted_, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249.

=succeed,= to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. _succedere_.

=success,= issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from parents, succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are gentle’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394.

=successive,= successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen).

=succussation,= trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6, § 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. _succussare_, to jolt.

=sucket,= a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea Voyage, v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF. _succade_, also _sucrade_, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy); O. Prov. _sucrada_, ‘sucrée’.

=sufferance,= pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23. F. _souffrance_, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’ (Cotgr.).

=suffragate,= to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden, Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. _suffragare_, to vote for.

=sugar-loaf,= a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3.

=sugerchest,= the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this Tree but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’, Davies, Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 123, 125.

=suggill,= to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039. L. _sugillare_.

=suitor,= pronounced so as to resemble _shooter_; ‘A Lady . . . hadde three _sutors_, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293.

=sulk,= to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118; ii. 218. L. _sulcus_, a furrow.

=sultanin,= an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, _sulṭânîy_, belonging to a sovereign; a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab, _sulṭân_, a sultan.

=summed,= a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton, Pol. xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song . . . with prosperous wing full summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge . . . summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used _fig._ of clothes, ‘Till you be summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4 (Lance).

=sumpter,= a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos. More, iii. 2. 43. ME. _sumpter_ (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF. _sommetier_, a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. _saumatier_, ‘conducteur de bêtes de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. _saumaterius_ (Ducange, s.v. Sagma), deriv. of _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, a pack-horse. See =somer.=

=supply,= to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F. _supplier_, L. _supplicare_.

=suppose,= a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 11.

=surantler;= see =antlier.=

=surbate,= to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4 (Woodroff); _surbet_, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence _surbater_, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 3 (Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘_Surbature_, a surbating’; also, ‘_Soubatture_, a surbating, or surbate’.

=surcease,= prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority; arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer Book, Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121; Lucrece, 1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. _sursis_, delay, stop (Littré), Anglo-F. _sursise_ (Laws of William); _sursis_, pp. of Norm. F. _surseër_ (F. _surseoir_), to pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L. _supersedere_, to delay (Ducange). In Law L. a writ of _supersedeas_ is issued to stay proceedings, L. _supersedere_, to desist from. _Surcease_ owes its form to association with _cease_ (F. _cesser_). Tho original pronunciation of the _i_ in _sursis_ is preserved as in _caprice_, _police_, _machine_, _marine_.

=surcingle,= a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). OF. _sourcengle_ (Godefroy). L. _super_, above; _cingulum_, a belt, girdle, from _cingere_, to gird.

=sure,= indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249; L. L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’, Records of Oxford, A.D. 1530, p. 75.

=surfle, surfell, surphle,= to wash with sulphur-water or other cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. _soufrer_, to impregnate with sulphur or with sulphur-vapour (Godefroy, Supp.).

=surquedry,= presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31; Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301 (Nares); _surcuidrie_, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. _surquidrie_, presumption (Chaucer, C. T. I. 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i. 213). Anglo-F. _surquiderie_ (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. _surcuiderie_, arrogance; cp. _cuider_, _quider_ (Ch. Rol.), L. _cogitare_, to think.

=surreined,= overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V, iii. 5. 19. See =sooreyn.=

=surround,= to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, _oultre couler_’, Sherwood, so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes . . . ben surrounded and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (A.D. 1489). OF. _soronder_, to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F. _surunder_, _soronder_ (Moisy); Med. L. _superundare_ ‘abonder’ (Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym.

=sursurrara,= a writ of _certiorari_. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle). See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v. Siserary).

=suscitate,= to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4; _suscitability_, aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L. _suscitare_, to arouse.

=suspect,= suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89; B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period. Med. L. _suspectus_, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _sospet_, ‘soupçon’ (Levy).

=suspire,= to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii. 4. 80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh, Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), in Wks., iii. 249. L. _suspirare_, to draw a deep breath.

=swad,= a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.^{3}). Prob. identical with _swad_, a sod, a clod, see EDD. (s.v. Sward, sb.^{2} 1).

=swaddle,= to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel, _bastonner_’, Sherwood. _To swaddle a person’s sides_, ‘to beat him soundly’, is a Kentish phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.^{1} 2). See Halliwell, and Nares.

=swag,= to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, _pencher tout d’un costé_’, Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD.

=swage,= to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.). ME. _swagyn_, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.).

=swale,= a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding, Metam. v. 336 (L. _umbra_); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.^{1}). ME. _swale_, ‘umbra, umbraculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 444). Icel. _sval_, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. _svala_ (Aasen).

=sward,= the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon, _la peau de lard ou d’un jambon_,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _sward_ of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS. 445). OE. _sweard_, rind of bacon, cp. G. _schwarte_, skin, rind.

=swarth,= a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the said way is called in one or two places _the king’s swarth_ . . . the king’s way’, Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth (formerly called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went over by a bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. _swaðu_, a track. See =swath.=

=swarth,= in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being ‘a good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.^{1}). Probably the same word as =swath,= q.v.

=swarth,= black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.).

=swarty,= dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart).

=swash,= to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In prov. use (EDD.).

=swash,= a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also _swasher_, Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; _swashing_, blustering, As You Like It, i. 3. 122; tremendous, crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to swash’ means to swagger, to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a swaggerer, see EDD. (s.v. Swash, 5).

=swash-buckler,= one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7; ‘_Mangia-ferro_, _Mangia-cadenacci_, a devourer of iron-bolts, a swash-buckler, a bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘_Bravache_, swaggerer, swash-buckler’, Cotgrave. See Halliwell.

=swash-ruter,= a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 544. See =rutter.=

=swath,= a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like the mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _swath_ of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445); _swathe_, ‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _swæð_, a track, the track of a plough, ‘somita’ (B. T.). See =swarth= (a track).

=swathling-clothes,= swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112 (Q. edd.). ME. _swathlen_, to swaddle; _swaþeling-bonde_, a swaddling-band (Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle).

†=swatley.= ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em [of him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’, Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning unexplained.

=sweam,= faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of sluggardye’, Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim, _subita aegrotatio_’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state of giddiness or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.^{2}). Cognate with OE. _swīma_, dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See =sweme.=

=sweet-breasted,= sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier).

=swelt,= to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares); _swelt_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _swelten_, to faint, languish (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 347). OE. _sweltan_, to die.

=swelter,= to exude; ‘Toad . . . that has . . . swelter’d venom’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration, see EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7).

=swelth,= a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe . . . With foule black swelth’, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron . . . with swelth as black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. _swelth_ of a water, ‘vorago’ (Prompt. EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179).

=sweme,= grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this swemeful tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. _sweem_, grief (Prompt., Harl. MS.); _swem_ (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. _ā-swǣman_, to be grieved, ‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See =sweam.=

=sweven,= a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary, Old Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. _sweven_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE. _swefn_.

=swill-bowl,= a heavy drinker; spelt _swiel bolle_. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 65.

=swinge,= to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway, tyranny, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland and England in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. _swyngyn_, also, _swengyn_, to shake (Prompt.). OE. _swengan_.

=swinge,= to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=swinge-buckler,= a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24.

=swink,= to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 _swinkt_, pp., wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour, toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil, work hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’ (EDD.). ME. _swinken_, to toil, _swink_, toil (Chaucer). OE. _swincan_.

=swithe,= quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. _swythe_, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C. T. C. 796, and B. 637). OE. _swīðe_, strongly. See =tit.=

=Switzer,= one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; _Switzers_, inhabitants of Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14.

=swoop,= a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster, White Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. _Swoopstake_ (old edd. _soopstake_), drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141.

=swough,= a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20; bk. v, c. 4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME. _swowyn_, to make a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. _swōgan_, to make a noise like the wind.

=swound,= to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982. In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See =sowne= (2).

=syke,= such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country form, see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. _sike_ (Wars Alex. 126) OE. _swilc_ (_swylc_). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche).

=symarr,= a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See =cymar.=

=synnet;= see =sennet.=

=synteresis,= a word said to have been invented by John Damascene, and used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’ of the laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach. Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1902, 39). Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly (a N. T. word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi, p. 2 on the L. _sinderesis_, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word _sindérèse_ is used by French theological writers, Bossuet for example.

=sypers,= a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit. Drama, p. 10). See =cypress.=

=syse,= an allowance or settled ration; _to keepe the syse_, to exercise moderation, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size, 1).

T

=T= for _to_, freq. profixed to verbs; as in _tabandon_, to abandon, _tescape_, to escape; so in Chaucer, _tabyde_, _tacoye_, _tamende_, &c.

=tabid,= liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19; _tabidly inclined_, id., § 4. L. _tabidus_, wasting away.

=tabine,= ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. _tabino_, ‘tabine’ (Florio). See NED. (s.v. Tabby).

=table,= the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504; ‘To sit and draw his arched brows . . . in our heart’s table’, All’s Well, i. 1. 106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the Passion’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. _tabula_, a painted tablet or panel of a picture.

=table,= a writing-tablet. BIBLE, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3; _tables_, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also, _table-book_, id., ii. 2. 136; hence, _tabled_, noted, set down, Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. _table_: ‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1741). L. _tabula_, a writing-tablet.

=tables,= the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See Nares. ME. _tables_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 900), Anglo-F. _juer as tables_ (Ch. Rol. l. 111).

=tabourine,= a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. _tabourin_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin).

=tabride,= a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned with armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict.

=tache,= a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.); to find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. _tache_ (_tacche_), a stain, blemish, fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. _tache_, a stain, blemish (Gower, Mirour, 1231).

=tack,= that which fastens. Phr. _to hold tack with_, to hold one’s ground with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at bay, Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; _to hold tack_, to hold out, to endure, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 277.

=tack,= a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol. xix. 130; ‘_Le poisson pique_, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’, Cotgrave. The same word as above.

=tackle,= a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=tag,= a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; _tag-rag people_, the mob, Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘_Tagge and ragge_, cutte and longe tayle’ (i.e. a mixed mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45.

=taillee,= to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id., ii. 2 (Lurewell).

=taint,= a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222. ME. _taynte_, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for _attaint_, F. ‘_attainte_, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF. _atainte_ (_ateinte_), deriv. of _ataindre_, to attain unto, to touch.

=taint,= to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1 (Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259.

=taint,= to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314.

=tainture,= an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1; Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture).

=take me with you,= let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go faster than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. _Take us with you_, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end).

=take order,= to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p. 246); Bacon, Essay 36; BIBLE, 2 Macc. iv. 27.

=take up,= to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661; Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a quarrel, As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662.

=taken with the maner;= see =maner.=

=taking,= a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very common in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v. Taking, 2).

=taking,= infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One, iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a varra takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)).

=tale,= a specified number, that which is counted. BIBLE, Exod. v. 8. 18; 1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’ (i.e. counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this passage disputed).

=talent,= the talon of a bird of prey. For _talon_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence _talenter_, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley, World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House).

=tall,= valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as in Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &c.

=tallage,= a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171). Anglo-F. _tallage_, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally).

†=tallow-catch,= 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The form and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = _tallow-ketch_, i.e. a tub filled with tallow; by others = _tallow keech_, a round lump of fat. See =keech.=

=talwood,= wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word (EDD.). A rendering of OF. _bois de tail_, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy).

=tamin,= a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. _étamine_, stamin; ‘_estamine_, the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.).

=tancrete,= transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 417. OF. _tanscrit_, for _transcrit_, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v. _transcrit_), L. _transcriptum_.

=tanling,= one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline, iv. 4. 29.

=tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,= a dimin. pet-form of the name Anna, used especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1 (Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre).

=tanti,= so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt. Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L. _tanti_, of so much value.

=Tantony,= for _St. Anthony_; often with reference to the attributes with which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig; ‘His tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a tantony pig’, Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Saint Anthony).

=tapet,= a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 276; _tapets_, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. OE. _tæppet_, Late L. _tapetum_.

=tappish,= to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158; _tappis_, Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); _tappes’d_, hidden, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. _tapir_, to hide; _se tapir_, to crouch, lie close, lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, _tapissant_. See =untappice.=

=taratantara,= the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ . . . in the clowdes of heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. _taratantara_ (Ennius).

=targe,= shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix. 1111. Anglo-F. _targe_, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569).

=target,= a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North, tr. of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict.

=tarmagon,= a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See Dict. (s.v. Termagant).

=tarpawlin,= a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). The same as _tarpaulin_, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench, Select Glossary.

=tarras, tarrass,= a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day,