scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.).

=han,= _pres. pl._ have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Have). ME. _han_: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi. 29); _hafen_ (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. _habben_ (_hæbben_), pres. pl. subj. (Wright, OE. Gram., § 538).

=hand:= phr. _to hand with_, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 (Grimaldi).

=hand over head,= inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily, indiscriminately; ‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Hand, 2 (8)).

=hands:= phr. _to shake hands with_, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye to; ‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising, ‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’]

=handsel, hansel,= a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As _vb._, to use for the first time, ‘My lady . . . is so ravished with desire to hansel her new coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to hansel’, meaning ‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England fr. Northumberland to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12).

=handwolf,= a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor).

=handydandy,= a children’s game, in which one child conceals something between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is. ‘Handy dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy).

=hane,= a ‘_khan_’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai; ‘_Hanes_ to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. 84; ‘_Hanes_ for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57 (Nares). See =cane.=

=hang-by,= a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed. Arber, p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans). In prov. use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)).

=hanger,= a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was hung. Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew).

=hank,= a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon you’, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.^{1} 7).

=Hans-in-kelder,= a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden, Wild Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon); Marvell, The Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch _Hans in Kelder_, lit. ‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast _Hänschen im Keller soll leben_, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken auf eine schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. _Hänsken im Keller_ (Wtb.).

=happily,= perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1. 134; ii. 2. 402.

=haqueton, hacqueton,= a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. _aketoun_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2050); OF. _auqueton_, _alquetun_, O. Prov. _alcoton_, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée, originairement en coton’ (Levy); Span. _algodon_, Port. _algodão_, cotton, Arab, _al-qotun_, see Dozy, Glossaire, 127.

=haras, harres,= a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. _haras_, a stud of horses (Hatzfeld); Med. L. _haracium_, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’ (Ducange). Arab. _faras_, horse; cp. O. Span. _alfaras_, ‘cavallo generoso’; see Dozy, 108.

=harass,= harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257.

=harborough,= ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19; Tanered and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85. See =herberow.=

=harborowe,= to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; _harbord_, pp. lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict. (s.v. Harbour).

=hardel,= a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122; fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to be drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’, Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222).

=hardocks,= some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed. 1623), Lear is ‘Crown’d . . . with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo flowres, Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining Corne.’ As _Hardokes_ are not known, I suggest that the right word is _Hawdods_; indeed, the quartos have _hordocks_. The _hawdod_ (described by Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the most showy and attractive of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see EDD. The prefix _haw_ means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. _hǣwe_, blue.

=hare:= phr. _there goeth the hare_, ‘That’s the direction in which the hare goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse Doctrine); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘_Hic labor, hoc opus est_, there goeth the hare away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70).

=hare,= to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame Turfe). In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD. (s.v. Hare, vb.).

†=harlock,= an unknown flower; perhaps for _hawdod_, the blue cornflower. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34. _Harlocks_ is a conjectural emendation for _hardokes_ in King Lear, iv. 4. 4. See =hardocks.=

=harlot,= a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii. 2. 112. ME. _harlot_, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal (Chaucer), see Dict. M. and S.; OF. _herlot_, _arlot_, ribaud (Godefroy); O. Prov. _arlot_, ‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict.

=harman-beck,= a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =hartmans.=

=harness,= the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; BIBLE, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii. 34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he went into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book. ME. _harneys_, armour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1006). See Dict.

=harnest,= harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70.

=harpè,= a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus); vol. iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. _harpē_; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle, a scimitar.

=harper, harp-shilling,= a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp, and worth only 9_d._ in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain harp-shilling’, Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster, Sir T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom).

=harre,= a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’, Cotgrave; _out of harre_, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton. Magnyfycence, 921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Harr, 3). ME. _Harre_ of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. _heorr_.

=harres;= see =haras.=

=Harrington,= a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). See Nares.

=harriot,= a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE. _heregeatwe_, lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot).

†=harrolize,= to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He harrolized well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4.

=harrot,= a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Sogliardo); Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. _heraut_, _herault_. See NED.

=harrow,= _interj._, a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I wol crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. A. 3286); Norm. F. _harou_, ‘Le cri ou la clameur de _haro_ ou de _harou_ était un appel public à la justice et à la protection’ (Moisy); see Didot.

=harrow,= to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with reference to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the rescue thence of the patriarchs, &c., as described in the pseudo-gospel of Nicodemus. See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in Notes to P. Plowman, C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411).

=Harry-groat,= a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).

=hart of grece,= a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’, Adam Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the Curtal Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece).

=hart-of-ten,= a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the tines, is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched, and then auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and troched on that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’, Venery de Twety, in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311.

=hartmans, harmans,= the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =harman-beck.=

=haskard,= a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id., Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED.

=haske,= a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16 (explained as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’); ‘_Cavagna_, a fishers basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask).

=hatch,= a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King Lear, iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the door’), Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end.

=hatched,= inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii. 5; ‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple).

=hatchel,= to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘_Serancer_, to hatchel flax, &c., to comb, or dress it on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.).

=hate,= for _ha’ it_, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt _ha ’t_, riming with _gate_; Parliament of Bees, character 3.

=hatter,= to bruise, batter; _hatter out_, to wear out, exhaust with fatigue. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).

=haught,= lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II, iii. 2 (Baldock); _haulte_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch. 5, § 2; _haut_, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. _haut_, _halt_, high.

=haulse;= see =halse.=

=haulte;= see =haught.=

=haunt,= to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878, p. 155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’ or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv. 7). Norm. F. _hanter_, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel. _heimta_, to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the New Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD. (s.v. Haunt, 4).

=hause,= to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’, Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country pronunciation; see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See =halse.=

†=hauster,= gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim the Collier, iv. 1 (Grim).

=haut;= see =haught.=

=hauzen,= to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce, p. 585. See =hause.=

=havell,= a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt _hawvel_ (NED.). Origin of the word unknown.

=having,= possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 379. _Havings_, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Asotus). ‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.).

=haviour,= possession, wealth; _havoir_, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41; _havour_, Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘_Havoire_, possession.’ ME. _havure_, or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. _aveir_, property (Moisy); _avoir_, property, goods (Gower).

=haviour,= ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict. (s.v. Behaviour).

=havok:= phr. _to cry havok_, to give the signal for the pillage of a captured town; ‘They . . . did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of Troyes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273. Anglo-F. _crier havok_ (A.D. 1385), OF. _crier havo_ (A.D. 1150), see NED. (s.v. Havoc).

=hawdod,= the corn bluebottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 28; _haudoddes_, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. _hǣwe_, blue (in Erfurt Gl. _hāwi_), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See =hardocks.=

=hawker,= to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620.

=hay:= phr. _to carry hay on one’s horn_, to be mad or dangerous; from an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace, Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176.

=hay, hey,= a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth) a dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’, Norden, Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is the term used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. _hay_, a hedge (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 54). OE. _hege_, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. _haie_, hedge (Rom. Rose, 50).

=hay, hey,= a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’, Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry); ‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v. 39).

=hay,= _interj._, a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. _hai_, thou hast (Florio); cp. L. _habet_; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded.

=hay-de-guy= (=-guise=)=,= a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. _Heydeguyes_, pl., Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’, Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees).

=haye,= a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly); Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. _Hay-net_ is still in use in Kent and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _hay_, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS. 211).

=hay-ree,= a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in Derbyshire (EDD.). See =ha and ree.=

=hayte and ree,= words used by a carter in urging on or directing his horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384). In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go on (id.). ME. _hayt_: ‘_Hayt_, Brok!, _hayt_, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1543). Cp. Swed. dial. _häjt_, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the left. Rietz (s.v. Hit).

=haytye,= defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of _ahatine_ in the F. text). F. _aatie_, _ahatie_, ‘haine, querelle, provocation, engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also _aatine_, _ahatine_, from _ahatir_ (_aatir_), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un combat, accepter une provocation’ (Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see Ducange. Cp. _s’ahastir_, ‘se hâter’ (Moisy).

=haze,= for _ha ’s_ = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3 (Roister).

=hazelwood.= ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne, in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes shaken’, i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same poem, v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’.

=head,= intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med. (ed. Greenhill, 36).

=headless hood.= In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So vainely t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here _hood_, i.e. state, condition, is the usual suffix _-hood_, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = _heedlesshood_’, but Spenser elsewhere always distinguishes between _headless_ and _heedless_, NED.

=heal,= to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’, ‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See EDD. (s.v. Heal, vb.^{2}). ME. _helen_, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2279). OE. _helian_, to hide. See =unhele.=

=heale,= health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46); well-being, prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.^{1}). ME. _hele_, health, recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE. _hǣlo_.

=hear ill,= to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end); Dedication of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill spoken of.

=heardgroom, herdgroom,= a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 35. Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’).

=hearse,= a structure of wood used in noble funerals, decorated with banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was customary for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this sable hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2. See Dict.

=heart at grass:= phr. _to take heart at grasse_; ‘Rise, therefore, Euphues, and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke up thy stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, 24. See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace).

=heart of grace:= phr. _to take heart of grace_; ‘His absence gave him so much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of grace, man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3).

=heart-breaker,= a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1, 253.

=heautarit,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. _ʿuṭârid_, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass).

=heave a bough,= rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘_To heve a bough_, to robbe or rifle a boeweth [booth]’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84.

=heave and ho,= a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &c.; hence, with might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they shout’, Phaer, Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252.

=heben,= ebony; ‘_Hebene_, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood of a certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave; _heben wood_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. _hebenus_, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony tree; cp. Heb. _hobnîm_, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15).

=hebenon,= name given to some substance having a poisonous juice, Hamlet, i. 5. 62; _hebon_, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp. Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis . . . Quo cubat ipse deus membris languore solutis.’

=hecco,= the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80; ‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. _heckwall_, see EDD. (s.v. Hickwall).

=heckfer,= a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare, _bucula_’, Levins, Manip. ME. _hekfere_, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula, juvenca’ (Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer).

=heedling,= headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621, 170).

=heft,= weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need, _emergency_; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5. In common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means weight, esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the hand, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{1} 1).

=heggue,= a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23; ‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31.

=heir,= to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161.

=hell,= the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and Prison-bars; ‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See =barley-break.=

=hell-waine,= a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886, 122). In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called _Hellewagen_, see Grimm, Teut. Myth. 802.

=helm,= the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).

=helm,= a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict.

=helmster,= the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571.

=helo=(=e, healo,= bashful; ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, hee is verie maidenlie, shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘_Honteux_, shamefast, bashful, helo, modest’, id.; ‘_Heloe_ or _helaw_, bashful, a word of common use’, Ray, North Country Words, 25; _hala_, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In common prov. use in the north country as far south as Cheshire and Derbysh. (EDD.).

=helops,= a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L. _helops_, _ellops_; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See =ellops.=

=hempstring,= a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference to a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young hemp-string’, Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland (Forfarsh.) a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.).

†=hemule, hemuse,= a roebuck in its third year. _Hemule_, Book of St. Albans, fol. E4, back; _hemuse_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See NED.

=hench-boy,= a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph, Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); _hinch-boy_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. _henchman_, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii. 1. 121; ‘A henchman or henchboy, _page d’honneur, qui marche devant quelque Seigneur de grand authorité_ (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS. (note, no. 999).

=hend,= to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror for Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. _ge-hendan_, to hold in the hand.

=hent,= to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. _hent_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. _hent_, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6. 14; caught, taken, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. _hente_, to seize (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3347); OE. _hentan_.

=her,= their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. _here_ (_her_) of them, their (Chaucer); OE. _hira_; see Dict. M. and S.

=herber,= a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after Prologue, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. _herber_, a garden (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v. Arbour).

=herberow,= a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c. 25; _herborowe_, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back, 19; bk. v, c. 11. ME. _herberwe_, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour (Chaucer). Icel. _herbergi_, lit. army-shelter. See =harborough.=

=herden,= made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.).

=heriot;= see =harriot.=

=herneshaw,= a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘_Heronceau_, an hernshawe’, Palsgrave; _hernesewe_, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580; _heronsew_, Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For numerous prov. pronunciations of the word, which is in common use from the north country to Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. _heronsewe_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 68); Anglo-F. _herouncel_ (Rough List).

=herring-bones,= stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20.

=hersall,= rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18.

=herse,= a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular formation), Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. _herce_, a harrow (Cotgr.); Ital. _erpice_; L. _hirpex_ (_irpex_). See Dict. (s.v. Hearse).

=hery, herry,= to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal., Feb., 62; Nov., 10; _herried_, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 347. ME. _herie_, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE. _herian_.

=Hesperides,= the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’, L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56; p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.).

=hew,= a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49.

=hewte,= a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE. _hiewet_, a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. _copse_, from OF. _coper_, to cut.

=hey;= see =hay.=

=heydeguyes;= see =hay-de-guy.=

=heyward,= an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _heyward_, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.). See =hay= (hedge).

=hiccius doctius,= a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation of Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick, a cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580.

=hidder and shidder,= male and female animals. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 211. _Hidder_ = _he-der_, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; _shidder_ = _she-der_, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD. (s.v. He, 10 (6)).

=high-copt,= high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See =coppe.=

=high-lone,= entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo, i. 3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares . . . were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760 (NED.).]

=highmen,= loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, _videlicet_, high men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.

=hight,= to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid, i. 290. In Chaucer we find _highte_, pt. t. of _hote_, to promise (Tr. and Cr. v. 1636; C. T. E. 496); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_ to promise, to bid, command. See =hot= (=hote=).

=hight,= _pr._ and _pt. t._, is or was called; ‘_I hight_’, I am named, Peele, Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She Queene of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the great king hight it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the form being due to ME. _hight_ (promised, commanded), see above. In Chaucer we find _hight_, ‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417, and 725). But we also find the regular form _hatte_ for both pres. and pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797; H. Fame, 1303). OE. _hātte_, is or was called, pr. and pt. t. of _hātan_. This is the only trace of the old passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth. _haitada_, I am called.

=higre,= the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482. Med. L. _Higra_ in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus quidam quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem vel vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre).

=hild,= to heel over, to lean over; ‘_I hylde_, I leane on the one syde, as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v. Heald, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _hilde_, to incline; _heldyn_, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE. _hieldan_ (late WS. _hyldan_, Kentish _heldan_), to incline. See NED. (s.v. Hield).

=hilding,= a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man, All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo, iii. 5. 169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s Livy, xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares.

=hill,= to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; _hild_, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472. In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Hill, vb.^{2}). ME. _hyllyn_, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); _hile_ (Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel. _hylja_, to cover.

=himp,= to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander, § 57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. _himp-_, in _himphamp_, ‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen).

=hinch-boy;= see =hench-boy.=

=hine,= a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller, Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.^{1}). ME. _hyne_ (Wyclif, John x. 12). OE. _hī_(_w_)_na man_, a man of the household, of the servants; _hī_(_w_)_na_, gen. pl. of _hīwan_, domestics.

=hing,= to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north and midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. _hinge_, to hang, to be hung (Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. _hengja_ (causal vb.).

=hinny,= to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3 (Busy).

=hippocras,= a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); _Hypocrace_, ‘vinum myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; _ipocras_, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV. (Wks. ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. _ipocras_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1807); see note in Wks., v. 361. OF. _ipocras_, _ypocras_, forms of the Greek proper name Hippocrates, a famous physician, died B.C. 357. The cordial was so called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED. (s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford.

=hippodame,= a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster, F. Q. ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’, or sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis . . . Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form _hippodame_, Spenser was probably thinking of _hippotame_, ME. _ypotame_, hippopotamus (K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus).

=hippogrif,= a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. _ippogrifo_ (Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’ in Hoole’s Ariosto, iv. 125.

=Hiren,= a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of ‘The Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED. The initial _H_ is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene (F. _Irène_), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce, p. 341. This play by Peele is lost.

=his,= after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer; ‘Secretaries to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his Queen’, Bacon, Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P. Plowman, C. xix. 236, p. 381. See Nares.

=histriomastix,= a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is to the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W. Prynne, published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was pilloried. L. _histrio_, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge.

=hizz,= to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).

=ho,= a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr. _out of all ho_, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In Yorkshire they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no moderation, he is not to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of ‘immoderately’ is a common phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Ho, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _ho_, cessation, in phr. _withouten ho_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares.

=hob,= a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From elves, hobs, and fairies . . . From fire-drakes and fiends . . . Defend us, good heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore connected with the sprite called _Hob_, see EDD. _Hob_ is a familiar or rustic abbreviation of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 123, ‘To beg of Hob and Dick’. See Nares.

=hoball,= a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); ‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, _haebes_, _barbus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a blockhead, see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.^{1}).

=hobby,= a small kind of hawk; ‘_Hobreau_, the hawke tearmed a hobby’, Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; _hobies_, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Governour, cap. xviii. ME. _hoby_, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF. _hobe_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Hobereau).

=hobby,= a small or middle-sized horse; ‘_Hobin_, a hobbie, a little ambling horse’, Cotgrave; _hobby-headed_, shaggy-headed like a hobby or small pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.^{1} 1), also in Ireland, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274.

=hobby-horse.= In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the performer, who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the performer. L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph).

=hobler,= for =hobbler,= a child’s top that wobbles, or spins unsteadily. Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus).

=hob-man-blind,= a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon, iii. (Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite, hobgoblin, see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.^{1} 4 (2)).

=hock-cart,= the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem, entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares); see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’, the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v. Hockey, sb.^{1} 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. _hokk_ (pl. _hokken_), a heap of sheaves (Berghaus). See =hooky.=

=Hock-day,= the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). _Hock Monday_, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec^{d} of the women upon Hoc Monday 5_s._ 2_d._’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann. 1578, see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt _Hough-munday_, Arden of Feversham, iv. 3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{2} 1 (2)).

=hoddydoddy,= a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65. See EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3).

=hoddypeke,= a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat); Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; _huddypeke_, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326.

=hodermoder, in,= in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; _in huddermother_, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt _huddermudder_, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; _hudther-mudther_, Golding, Metam. xiii. 15.

=hodmandod,= a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon, Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in various parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped person, (3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow (EDD.).

=hogrel, hoggerel,= a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a yong shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.).

=hog-rubber,= a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 2 (Moll).

=hoiden,= a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton, Colasterion (Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘_Badault_, a fool, dolt, sot, fop, ass, coxcomb, gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. _heyden_, ‘homo agrestis et incultus’ (Kilian).

=hoigh, on the,= in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1 (Sir Francis). _Hoigh_ = _hoy_, an interjectional cry denoting excitement.

=hoit,= to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2 (Dorimant); Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool; ‘hoyting’, riotous and noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit, vb.^{1} 4).

=hokos pokos,= a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp. G. _hokuspokus_, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul.

=Hole, the;= See =counter= (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque (printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in prison ‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he runs through his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper ward’. He asks ‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why, to the Twopenny Ward; . . . or, if you will, you may go into the Hole, and there you may feed for nothing.’ See =basket.=

=Hollantide,= the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.); _All-holland-tide_, Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v. Hallantide). OE. _Hālgena tīd_, the Saints’ Season.

=holt,= a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3 (Sul. Shepherd). ME. _holt_, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 6). OE. _holt_, a wood (Beowulf).

=Holyrood, Holyrode-day,= the Festival of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52.

=honest,= chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107; ‘Like as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49.

=honniken,= a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here _honniken_ is equated to needy knave. Evidently connected with MHG. _hone_, a despised person, one who lives in shame and contempt; cp. G. _hohn_, scorn, derision.

=honorificabilitudinitatibus.= Given as a specimen of a long word, L. L. L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool).

=hooch,= a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67). ‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. _huche_, ‘cista, archa’ (Prompt.); see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See =hutch.=

=hoodman-blind,= the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii. 4. 77; _hudman-blind_, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the _hood_ used to blind the _man_. Cp. _hoodman_, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.]

=hooky, hooky,= a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey, sb.^{1}). See =hock-cart.=

=hoop,= to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to _whoop_.) Hence, _Hooping_, a cry of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203. ME. _howpe_, to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. B. 4590), OF. _huper_ (later _houper_).

=hoove;= see =hove.=

=hope,= expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235; Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando); iv. 2 (Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38.

=hopper,= the hopper of a mill; _hopper-hipped_, shaped about the hips like a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon); _hopper-rumped_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido).

=hopper-crow,= a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene, James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.).

=hopshakles,= ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in Scotland (NED.).

=horion,= a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. _horion_, ‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.).

=horn,= a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 235. See =horn-thumb.=

=hornbook,= a paper containing the alphabet, &c., protected by a transparent plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle. Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 3. 46.

=horn-keck,= the gar-fish. Used _fig._, ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304.

=horn-thumb,= a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses, for resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2.

=horrent,= bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. _horrens_, rough, bristled.

=horse,= pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often). OE. _hors_, horses, pl. of _hors_.

=horsecorser,= a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084. ‘A Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, _mango equorum_’, Minsheu (1627); _horse-courser_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus, iv. 6. See =corser.=

=hose,= clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii. 7. 160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male attire (i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1. 47.

=hospitage,= hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L. _hospitagium_ (Ducange).

=hospitale,= a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a ‘hostel’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. _hospitale_ (Ducange).

=host,= a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L. _hostia_, an animal sacrificed, victim.

=host,= to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27; _hosted with_, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2.

=hostless,= inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3.

=hostry,= a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe, Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. _hosterie_, _hostrie_, an inn. Cp. Ital. _osteria_.

=hot,= _pt. t._ of _hit_. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R. Scott, Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in Warwicksh., Bedfordsh., and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3).

=hot, hote,= was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib., iv. 4. 40. OE. _hātte_ (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of _hātan_, to be called. See =hight.=

=hote,= _pt. t._, named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that earst I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from confusion with the above. The usual late ME. form is _hight_ (_hiȝt_), _hehte_ (in Layamon); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_, to call, name.

=hot-house,= a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning).

=Hough-munday;= see =Hock-day.=

=hounces,= housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon the Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii. 109 (not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the collar of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of a cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. _housse_, a foot-cloth for a horse (Cotgr.).

=housel= (_fig._ used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below.

=housling;= ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized _sacramento ignis et aquae_. ME. _houselen_, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix. 3); _housele_, the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. _hūsel_. See Dict. (s.v. Housel).

=hout,= a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1 (Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot).

=hove,= to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout, 666; ‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by Way). A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. _hovyn_, as hors, and abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and Way’s note in Prompt., p. 252.

=Howleglas;= see =Owlglass.=

=howres,= hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated times for prayer; ‘The Hermite . . . Was wont his howres and holy things to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Hours of Prayer).

=hoyle,= a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.). Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See =rove.=

=hoyn,= to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.^{2} 1). Norm. F. _hoigner_, ‘hogner, geindre, pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy).

=hoyst, brock!,= a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 10.

=huck-bone,= the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is a Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1} 1), so, in Tennyson’s Northern Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED.

=hucke,= to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’, Palsgrave. A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.^{2}). ME. _hukke_, ‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. _hucke_, ‘Kleinhändler’ (Lexer).

=huckle,= the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=huckle-bone,= the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus, ‘Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin _talus_ and it is the little square hucclebone in the ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’, Udall, Apoph., 185; ‘_Bibelots_, hucklebones or the play at hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This name for the game is in prov. use in the north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and Sussex (EDD.).

=huckson,= lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1}). OE. _hōhsinu_. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also, Huxen).

=hudder-mudder;= see =hodermoder.=

=huddle,= to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495; ‘Country vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’, Dryden, Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a slovenly way, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353.

=huddle, old,= a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly, Euphues, p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

=huddypeke;= see =hoddypeke.=

=hudman-blind;= see =hoodman-blind.=

=huff,= to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. _to huff it_. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end); _huff_, a specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence _huff-cap_, a swaggerer, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); _attrib._ blustering, swaggering, ‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3. 17.

=huffecap,= a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the mightinesse thereof . . . is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and _nectar_ of lyfe’, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 3.

=hugger-mugger,= secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; _in hugger-mugger_, Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123; Spenser, Mother Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that _hugger-mugger_ may be connected with the Anglo-Irish _cugger-mugger_, which means whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (On some Etymologies).

=hugy,= huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid v, 113.

=huisher,= an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers (_lictores_)’, Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; _husher_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 13; _hushier_, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F. _huissier_, deriv. of (_h_)_uis_, door. See Dict. (s.v. Usher).

=huke,= a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon, New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. _huque_. Med. L. _huca_, ‘ricinium quo scilicet mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange).

=hulched up,= cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda).

=hulder,= the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black thorne . . . make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. _holder_ (G. _holunder_) means ‘elder’; it is objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according as the wood is foreign or native. Some say _hulver_ (= holly) is meant; but I think _holly_ would be praised.

=hulk,= to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out hyr garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the entrails of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.^{3} 1).

=hull,= to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv. 4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne, Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161).

=hum,= a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur). Hence, _Hum-glass_, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam). See Nares.

=humblesse,= humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F. _humblesse_ (Gower).

=humbling,= rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed. Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31).

=humdrum,= a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen).

=humect,= to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L. _humectare_, _humectus_, wet; _humere_, _umere_, to be wet.

=humorous,= moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214; ‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful, whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As You Like It, i. 2. 278.

=humour;= in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions of which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be determined; hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1. 10; Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.); also, B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv).

=Humphrey;= see =Duke Humphrey.=

=hunte, hunt,= a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1 (NED.). OE. _hunta_, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a proper name.

=hunt’s-up,= the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen. Romeo, iii. 5. 34; _the hunt is up_, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 4 (near the end).

=hurle,= strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME. _hurl_, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below.

=hurlwind,= a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp. the Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.^{3} 11). ME. _hurle_, rush, noise (of the sea); _hurling_, roaring (Wars Alex.).

=hurricano,= a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort); a water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’, Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford.

=hurring,= reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253.

=hurry-durry,= boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient, irritable; ‘’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2 Sailor).

=huswife, housewife,= a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe).

=hutch,= to hoard, as in a _hutch_ or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See =hooch.=

=hyaline;= ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619. Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’

=hyce, hyse,= to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’, Palsgrave. Dutch _hyssen_, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist).

=hydegy,= a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; _hydagy_, id., xxvi. 206. See =hay-de-guy.=

=hydromancy,= divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2. 16 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία.

=hydroptic,= dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy.

=hydrus,= a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. _hydrus_; Gk. ὕδρος, a water-snake. Cp. _hydra_.

=hyke,= a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot, Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin Durward, c. 33.]

=hyleg= or =hylech;= ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part of Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and Significator of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). Pers. (and Turkish) _hailāj_, a calculation of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See NED.

=hypodidascal,= an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk. ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher.

=hypostasis,= a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that which stands under; hence, sediment.

I

=iambographer,= a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, i. 2 (Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος.

=idlesse, ydlesse,= idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. 11.

=idol,= a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); _idole_, image, reflection, likeness, Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom (Homer).

=igniferent,= fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L. _igniferens_.

=ilke,= an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is remarked that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See =elk.=

=illecebrous,= enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; W. Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. _illecebra_, enticement; _illicere_, to entice.

=illect,= to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4. From the pp. stem of _illicere_, to allure.

=ill-mewed,= kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See =mew= (2).

=ill-part,= playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’, Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B).

=illustrate,= to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. _illustrare_, to make famous.

=imbibition,= treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=imboss,= to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below.

=imbost,= driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 135. See =embost.=

=imbosture,= embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants Imbosture nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Rufinus). See =emboss.=

=imbrangle,= to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov. use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’ (Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. _branler_, to shake, brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327).

=imbrayde,= to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. See =embraid.=

=imbroccato,= a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (_or_ 4) (Bobadil); _imbrocatas_, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Ital. _imbroccata_, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen ouer the dagger’ (Florio); _imbroccare_, to thrust. See =embrocata.=

=immane,= huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; Odyssey, ix. 268. L. _immanis_.

=immoment,= of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166.

=imp,= offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6; i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order of knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of _imp_ was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. _impe_: ‘of feble trees ther comen wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 3146); OE. _impe_, a shoot, graft; _impian_, to graft. Med. L. _impotus_, a graft (Lex Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. James i. 21).

=imp,= to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6.

=impacable,= unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time, 395. L. _pacare_, to appease.

=impale,= to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3; Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308.

=impassible,= incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. _impassibilis_ (Tertullian).

=impeach,= to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See =empeach.=

=impechement,= hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end). See =empesshement.=

=imperance,= commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. 392. L. _imperare_, to command.

=impertinent,= not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest i. 2. 138.

=impeticos,= to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined by the fool; it seems to suggest _petticoat_.

=implore,= entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37.

=imply,= to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a necessary consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82.

=importable,= not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35; Chaucer, C. T. B. 3792. L. _importabilis_, unbearable.

=importance,= import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is he come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. _importance_, ‘importance, moment, value’ (Cotgr.).

=important,= urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour).

=importune,= grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; importunate, Bacon, Essay 9. L. _importunus_, troublesome.

=imposterous, impostorous,= deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 (Horsus).

=impostumation,= a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From _impostume_ (_imposthume_).

=impotence,= want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, A Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio).

=impotent,= unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. _impotens_, powerless. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.).

=imprest,= advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); _imprest money_, money advanced, a loan, B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. _impresto_, a loan; _imprestare_, to lend (Florio).

=improperation,= a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, § 3. Deriv. of Late L. _improperare_, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3).

=improve,= to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 159.

=improved,= approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino).

=impuissance,= want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 92).

=in;= _in-and-in_, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice; _in-and-in_ was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, which swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an _in-and-in_ man, i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. _In by the week_, (?) prepared to go on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. 4. _In dock, out nettle_, a popular charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf on the skin, to remove the effects of a sting by a nettle. Hence applied to a change from pain to joy, or to any exhibition of inconstancy or unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Nettle). ME. _Netle in, dokke out_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, Early English Proverbs, § 187.

=incarnadine,= to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. _Incarnadine_ = F. _incarnadin_; Ital. _incarnadino_, carnation colour (Florio); lit. flesh-colour, deriv. of _carne_, flesh.

†=incartata,= an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. _incartata’s_, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the ‘terms in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’.

=incend,= to heat; to inflame, incite. _Incended_, heated, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. L. _incendere_, to set on fire.

=incense,= to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. ‘To insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of ‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in England, from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F. _ensenser_, to inspire, persuade (Gower).

=incentive,= enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519.

=inceration,= a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. _cera_, wax. Cp. =ceration.=

=inchoation,= beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L. _inchoatio_, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of _inchoare_, to begin.

=inchpin,= a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by some explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. _Boyau_); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’, Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin).

=incision,= blood-letting. _To make incision_, to let blood, in order to cure, As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing their arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. 1. 6.

=incomber,= an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage; ‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358.

=income,= an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI (ed. Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming in, arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482.

=incompared,= incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F. Walsingham, l. 1.

=incontinent,= immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. F. _incontinent_, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. _in continenti_ (_tempore_), in continuous time, without interval (Tertullian); see Rönsch.

=incontinently,= immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306.

=incony,= fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (_or_ 6). A cant word, prevalent about 1600, of doubtful meaning and of unascertained origin.

=increable,= incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, back, 6. OF. _increable_ (F. _incroyable_), incredible.

=indagation,= investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L. _indagatio_ (Cicero).

=inde,= blue; see =ynde.=

=indeniz’d into,= made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into; ‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short for _endenizen’d_.

=indent,= to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture or covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were cut with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. _indentare_, ‘dente infringere, occare’ (Ducange); Law L. _indentare_, to indent.

=indifferent,= impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36.

=indigne,= unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F. _indigne_.

=indignify,= to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 30; Colin Clout, 583.

=induction,= a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into the oracle’, BIBLE, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. _inductio_, an introduction, leading into (Cicero).

=indue,= to clothe, used _fig._: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 49. L. _induo_, to put on an article of dress.

=indue,= to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; _indued unto_, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; _indues to_, brings to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See =endue.=

=indurance;= see =endurance.=

=inew;= see =enew.=

=infame,= to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10. _Infamed_, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. L. _infamare_, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange).

=infamous,= ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27.

=infant,= a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25 (used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince Arthur). OF. _enfant_, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol. 3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.).

=infarce,= to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, c. 1; id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. _infarcire_, to stuff.

=infausting,= a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 179). From L. _infaustus_, unlucky.

=infer,= to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring about, Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. _inferre_, to bring upon.

=infude,= to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see Croft’s note, ii. 351.

=infuse,= infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47.

=ingate,= entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 650, l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). See =gate.=

=ingenerate,= begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; implanted, Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L. _ingeneratus_, inborn, implanted.

=ingenious,= ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). Conversely, _ingenuously_ = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Contarino).

=ingine, ingene,= ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (_or_ 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the usual Scottish form (EDD.). See =enginous.=

=ingle,= a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.^{2} 1).

=ingle,= to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Imperia).

=ingram,= ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 (Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame, _ignarus_’, Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.).

=ingurgitation,= a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. _ingurgitatio_, immoderate eating and drinking; L. _gurges_, an abyss, used _fig._ of an insatiable craving (Cicero).

=inhabitable,= uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. _inhabitable_, ‘unhabitable’ (Cotgr.). L. _inhabitabilis_, not habitable (Cicero).

=inhabited,= not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, iii. 1 (Thierry). F. _inhabité_, uninhabited (Cotgr.).

=inholder,= a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere.

=iniquity;= see =vice.=

=injury,= to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end); Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner of reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. _injurier_ (Montaigne).

=inkle,= a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also _incle_, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.^{1}) .

=inlawed,= brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 16).

=inleck,= a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 560. OE. _hlec_, leaky. Not found elsewhere.

=inly,= inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; _inly_, inwardly, Temp. v. 200; intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38.

=inmew;= in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if a Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint for _innew_, a spelling of =enew,= q.v.

=inn,= a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 30; vi. iii. 29. ME. _in_, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3622). OE. _inn_, ‘domus’ (Matt. xiii. 36).

=innocent,= a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=inquest,= a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4.

=inquisition,= inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for bloode’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. _inquisitio_, a judicial inquiry (Vulgate, Acts xii. 19).

=in-same,= together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! my top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; ‘I am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. _samen_, together (Ormulum, 377); _in same_, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646.

=insecution,= close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448. Late L. _insecutio_, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange).

=insense;= see =incense.=

=insignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 5. See =enseignement.=

=insolence,= originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with furious insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150.

=insolent,= unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’, Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. _insolens_, unusual.

=instance,= urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate, _in omni instantia et obsecratione_), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F. _instance_, urgency (Cotgr.).

=instance,= something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. Richard III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. _instantia_, urgency.

=instant,= urgent, persevering. BIBLE, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); _instantly_, urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. _instans_, persevering (Vulgate, Acts vi. 4).

=instate,= to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; _instate to_, make over to, Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney).

=instaure,= to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). L. _instaurare_, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10).

=instinction,= instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. of L. _instinctus_, instigated, pp. of _instinguere_.

=instop,= to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. _instoppen_, to cram in (Sewel).

=intend,= to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 38. L. _intendere_.

=intend,= to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. Gl. 151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay 29; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).

=intendiment,= understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the Muses, 144. Med. L. _intendimentum_, ‘mens, intelligentia’, _intendere_, ‘intelligere’ (Ducange).

=interesse,= the being concerned or having part in the possession of anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse that they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; interest on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F. _interesse_, A.D. 1388 (NED.); Med. L. _interesse_, ‘usura, foenus, quod ultra sortem solvitur, vel quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); subst. use of L. _interesse_, to be between, to be of importance.

=interessed,= _pp._, interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed therein themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The heathens . . . were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. Religio Laici (ed. Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. 1; spelt _interest_, invested with a right or share, King Lear, i. 1. 87.

=interest,= to invest a person with a share in, or title to something; ‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xv. 326.

=interlunar,= between two moons; with reference to the period between the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. L. _lunaris_, relating to the moon.

=intrince,= intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for _intrinsicate_, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. _intrinsecus_, inwardly.

=intuse,= a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. _intusus_, pp. of _intundere_, to bruise.

=inundant,= inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v (Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. _inundare_, to inundate.

=invect,= to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M. Tullius). Cp. L. _invectio_, an attacking with words, deriv. of _invehere_, to inveigh against.

=invent,= to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50.

=invest,= to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton, P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 18. L _investire_, to clothe.

=investion,= investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end).

=invinced,= unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver Age, A iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. _vincere_, to conquer. Only found in Heywood’s writings.

=invious,= pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. _invius_; from _via_, a way.

=inward,= intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays, 20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance, ‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138.

†=iper,= a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage.

=Irish,= an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109.

=irous,= wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F. _irous_ (Gower); from L. _ira_, anger.

†=irpes= (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (_Palinode_).

=Isgrim,= the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). _Isegrim_ in Caxton’s version; _Isengrijn_ in Willem’s Low German poem; _Ysegrim_ in Leeu’s Low German prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix).

=island,= a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde Park, i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 (Ubaldo).

†=iulan,= of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the beard. Not found elsewhere.

=ivybush,= the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as _bush_ in As You Like It (Epilogue).

=iwis, ywis,= (often written _I wis_), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; _ywis_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19; _i-wusse_, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); _wusse_, id., Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). ME. _iwis_, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); OE. _gewiss_, certain.

J

=Jack,= a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290; Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, v. 1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, ix; figure of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, Richard III, iv. 2. 117; also, _Jack o’ the clock_, Richard II, v. 5. 60; _Jack i’ the clock-house_, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; _jack_, the piece of wood with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., Sonnet 128; _Jack o’ Bethleem_, see =bedlam;= _Jack in box_, one who deceived tradesmen by substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, Middleton, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164; _Jack-a-Lent_, a small stuffed puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 (Rowland).

=jack,= a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 314.

=jack,= a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10.

=jackman;= see =jarkman.=

=jack merlin,= a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1. 13.

=Jacob’s staff;= ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’, Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and distances, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by astrologers and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares).

=jaculation,= a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. _jaculatio_.

=jade,= to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to tire, and, as we say, to _Iade_ anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; ‘The ne’er-yet beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; Scot. _jaud_; Norm. F. *_jaude_, Icel. _jalda_, a mare; cp. Scot. _yaud_, an old worn-out horse, see EDD. (s.v. Jade).

=jambeux,= leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., iii. 35; spelt _giambeux_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb).

=Jane,= a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in Chaucer’s time. Phr. _many a Jane_ (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 58 (borrowed from Chaucer, C. T. B. 1925). OF. _Janne_(_s_, Genoa.

=jane,= a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane judgments’, coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8. Named from Genoa.

=jant,= to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; _jaunt_, Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See =jaunce.=

=jant,= smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and jant ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119.

=janty, jaunty,= genteel, elegant, stylish; _janty_, Parson’s Wedding, i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt _ganty_ in ed. 1663); _jantee_, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic representation of F. _gentil_, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty).

=jape,= to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but jape with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. _jape_, vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1699; sb. C. T. A. 4201). Cp. O. Prov. _gap_, ‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy).

=jar,= to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); _jarre_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16.

=jar,= a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; ‘A jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 253.

=jarkman,= an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1.4; ‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin; he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5. Spelt _Jackman_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage direction).

=jasp,= a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. _jasp_ (Wyclif, Isaiah liv. 12), OF. _jaspe_. L. _iaspis_. Gk. ἴασπις.

=jaum,= to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam).

=jaunce,= to stir a horse, to make him prance, used _fig._ Richard II, v. 5. 94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; _geances_, troublesome journeys, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ is in use in Sussex for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. Jance). F. _jancer un cheval_, ‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he sweat with-all, or as our _jaunt_’ (Cotgr.). See NED.

=jaunt;= see =jant.=

=jaunts= (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as _jaunce_, taken as a plural; from _jaunts_ thus evolved would come our _jaunt_. If this explanation be correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome journeys’.

=javel,= a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’, Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; _javill_, Roper’s Life of Sir Thos. More (in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. _javel_, ‘joppus, joppa’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1097).

=jawme,= a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt _jame_, Golding, Metam. xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); _jawme_, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ (‘Jaum’) is still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Jamb). F. _jambe_, ‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ (Cotgr.).

=jawn,= a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo). See =chawne.=

=jerk,= to scourge, whip, lash; ‘_Fouetter_, to scourge, yerke, or jerke’, Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Hence _jerker_, one who lashes severely; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See =yerk.=

=jernie,= to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’, Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed. 1759, i. 84); see NED. F. _jerni_ (_jarni_), for _jarnidieu_, i.e. _je renie Dieu_, I renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. _Jarnigoy_).

=jert,= to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD.

=jest,= a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See =gest=(=e==.=

=jet,= to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; ‘I jette, _Je me jamboye_’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a Warwicksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. _jetter_ (_jecter_), to throw (Cotgr.).

=jet upon,= to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. 1. 64.

=jetty,= to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.

=Jew’s ear,= an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks of trees, _Hirneola_ or _Exidia Auricula-Judæ_. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, iii (Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the roots of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas Iscariot, upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares.

=jib-crack,= a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7.

=jiggumbob,= a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value. _Jiggembobs_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio); _jigambob_, Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; _jiggumbobs_, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 108.

=jigmaker,= a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 1 (end).

=jimmal-ring,= a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being linked by a hinge. The _jimmall-ring_, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See =gimmal.=

=job,= to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _jobbyn_: ‘byllen or iobbyn as bryddys, iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.).

=jobbernowl,= a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a stupid person, a blockhead, ‘_Teste de bœuf_, a joult-head, jobbernoll, cod’s-head, logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is great’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in both senses in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.).

=job-nut,= the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are perforated and strung through, in order to be knocked against each other. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. _Job_, sb. (3)).

=John Dory.= The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a French privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but was himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with John Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Humphrey). See Nares.

=jointer,= joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene 10. 8 (W.); p. 170, col. 1.

=jollyhead,= jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32.

=jouissance,= pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25; Nov., 2. F. _jouissance_, an enjoying (Cotgr.).

=journall,= daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F. _journal_, ‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. _diurnalis_ (Ducange).

=jovy,= ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1 (Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril).

=jowl, joll,= to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59; Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘_I jolle_ one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England from Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘_jolle_ or heed, _caput_’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112).

=judge,= the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of _justitiarius_, the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on chess (_c._ 1400 A.D.). See NED.

=judgement,= a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; Dryden, Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3.

=Jug,= a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘_Clown_ [to _Joan_], Bring him away, _Jug_! Enter _Joan_, with a fish’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s Lancashire Worthies Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is familiarly called ‘Jugg’. See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). This familiar name was applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the sweetheart of a peasant, King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, A Knack to know a Knave (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. Cambises (Davies, Gl.).

=jugal,= conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. _vinclum jugale_ (Virgil).

=julio,= an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil (Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital. _giulio_, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the Pope worth sixpence sterling (Florio).

=jument,= a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. _jument_, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). L. _jumentum_, a yoke-beast.

=jump,= a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, open in front (EDD.).

=jump,= to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence _jump_, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6.

=jump with,= to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32; Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, _jump_, exactly, precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as vb. and adv. (EDD.).

=juppon,= a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 28. F. _jupon_, a short cassock (Cotgr.).

=justle,= to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129.

=jut, jutt,= to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, no. 39, Plausible Man; _jutte_, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 8. In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.).

=jutty,= to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. 138); ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, Macbeth, i. 6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.).

K

=ka,= for _quo’_ (_quoth_, _quotha_); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that againe’, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale (ed. Dyce, 455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use in Durham, Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, _ko_, ‘I feare him not, Ko she’, Roister Doister, iii. 3.

=kaa me, kaa thee,= i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the same. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1 (Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’; ‘Ka me and I’ll ka thee, _Serva me, servabo te_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See Nares. Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense.

=kad,= to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio).

=kails, keils,= nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B. Jonson, Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. _kegel_, a pin, kail.

=kam,= crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh _cam_, crooked; Irish _cam_ (Dinneen). See =kim-kam.=

=karl hemp,= the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called _churl hemp_, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See =carl.=

=karne,= a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 8. Irish _ceatharnach_, a foot-soldier, deriv. of _ceatharn_, a band of fighting men (Dinneen). See =keteryng.=

=katexoken,= for _kat’exochēn_, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian, iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence.

=keak, keke,= to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’, Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves . . . had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse not a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. _Kek, kek!_, the cry of the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499.

=kecksies,= hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed _kecksyes_). See Dict. (s.v. Kex).

=keech,= a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In _fig._ use, ‘I wonder that such a Keech can . . . Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset (EDD.).

=keel,= to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930; spelt _kele_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; _keele_, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Keel, vb.^{3} 1). ME. _kelyn_, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS. 252, see note, no. 1184); OE. _cēlan_, deriv. of _cōl_, cool.

=keep cut;= See =cut= (3).

=keep,= heed, care. Phr. _take thou no keep_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. _tak keep_, take heed (Chaucer, C. T. D. 431).

=keight,= caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39.

=keiser,= emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); _kesar_, Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 570; _keysar_, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 498. Du. _keyser_ (Hexham); cp. G. _Kaiser_; L. _Caesar_.

=keke;= see =keak.=

=kell,= the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by gossamer-threads on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of network, a film on the eye, &c. (EDD.). ME. _kelle_, ‘reticulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 246, see note, no. 1149).

=kell,= a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Cp. =kill.=

=kemb,= to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in Yorks. and Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _kembe_, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2142); OE. _cemban_; _camb_, a comb.

=kemlin,= a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &c. Coles, Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); _kemelin_, Levins, Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _kymlyn_, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, _kemelyn_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3548). See =kimnel.=

=kempe, kemp,= a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31; bk. vii, c. 8. OE. _cempa_; Med. L. _campio_ (Ducange), from _campus_, field of battle; ME. _kemp_(_e_, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE. _cempa_, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v. Camphjo).

=ken,= a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Ferret). Hence also _libkin_ or _lib ken_, _stalling ken_. See =bouzing-ken.=

=ken=(=n,= to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of vision, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, _kenning_, range of sight, the distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius); Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69.

=kennet,= a small dog for hunting. Pl. _kenettys_, Boke of St. Albans, fol. F iv, back; _kennets_, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the whole passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. _kenette_ (Bozon), dimin. of _kien_ (= F. _chien_).

=Kent:= phr. _Kent or Christendom_. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Turfe); ‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some, Nor in all Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 153; the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe and common phrase. The original whereof was, for that most part of England in the reigne of King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely except, which remayned long after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so that Kent was counted no part of Christendome.’ Ray in his English Proverbs accepts this explanation (ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor Christendom’ meant, neither in Kent, which was first converted to Christendom, nor in any other part of our English Christendom (i.e. nowhere in England). Also, _in Kent and Christendom_ (i.e. everywhere); ‘I am here in Kent and Christendom, Among the Muses, where I read and rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 218).

=Kentish long-tails,= a nickname applied to the natives of Kent. Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under _Kentish Long-tailes_. See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but Englishmen in general were called ‘_caudati_ per contumeliam’ by their French neighbours, see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys _couez_’ (Chans. Norm.) in Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250).

=kersen;= see =cursen.=

=kerve,= to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. _kerve_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 325). OE. _ceorfan_.

=kest,= _pt. t._ cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 45; plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)).

=keteryng,= a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib., Against the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See =karne.=

=ketler,= an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers and ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 543).

=ketling,= inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in a young _ketling_ gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B).

=key,= a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women beware, i. 3. 17.

=kibbo,= a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire word (EDD.).

=kid,= a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of England from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.^{2} 1). ME. _kydd_, ‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247).

=kid,= a roebuck in its first year. Spelt _kyde_, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143.

=kid,= notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’, Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. _kid_, renowned, famous, illustrious (Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); _kyd_, known (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1943), pp. of _kythe_, to make known (C. T. F. 748). OE. _cȳðan_.

=kie, kye,= cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov. use in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. _cȳ_, pl. of _cū_, cow.

=kiff,= for _kith_, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30.

=kill,= a kiln. BIBLE, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A common prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex, and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Hence _kill-hole_, Merry Wives, iv. 2. 59 (ed. 1623). Cp. =kell= (2).

=kill-cow,= a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher, Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story of Guy of Warwick. See Nares.

=kimbo,= resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals, iii. 67; _on kimbow_, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel).

=kim-kam,= crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44. Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.). See =kam.=

=kimnel,= a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A _kimnel_, cadus salsamentarius’, Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, _quevette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _kymnelle_, ‘amula’ (Cath. Angl.).

=kinchin mort,= a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). _Kinchin_ is perhaps a corrupt form of G. _kindchen_, little child. See =mort= (2).

=kinderkind,= kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383). Du. _kindekin_, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v. Kilderkin), and Dict.

=kindle,= to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2. 358; ‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in prov. use (EDD.). ME. _hyndlyn_, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys, ‘feto’ (Prompt.).

=kindless,= unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p. 466).

=Kirsome,= Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See =cursen.=

=kite,= a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16; iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 89; Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83).

=kiss the post,= to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving too late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make haste, thou art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 47.

=kix,= a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 2 (Mercury).

=knacker,= a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire _knacker_ is a term for a tanner (EDD.).

=knap,= a knave, a rogue. Spelt _knappe_, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Dulipo); Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead knap’ are Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v. Knap, sb.^{2} 1).

=knap,= a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top, Golding, Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England (EDD.). OE. _cnæpp_, top, hill-top (Luke iv. 29).

=knap,= to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, § 133.

=knare, knar,= a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots and knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt _gnarre_, Cockeram’s Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. ME. _knarry_, gnarled (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1977). Low G. _knarre_; Du. _knar_; see NED.

=kned,= _pp._ kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (Savourwit). In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Knead, 3).

=knee-timber,= crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13.

=knight of the post,= a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living by giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366); Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight of the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares.

=Knight’s Ward,= one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole; See =counter= (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (_or_ 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the Master’s side. Also _Knight-side_, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor in the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see Westward Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly).

=knill, knyll,= to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back, 6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. _cnyllan_, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.).

=knitting-cup,= a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after a wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass).

=knokylbonyarde,= a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 485. Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of _knucklebone_.

=knot,= a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles); Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon, also in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{1} 13).

=knot,= the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’ bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, _Canuti aves_, ut opinor’, Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. _knot_, sandpiper (Larsen). In the north of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{2}).

=knot-grass,= a plant with small pale-pink flowers, _Polygonum aviculare_. An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife).

=knowledge,= to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150.

=knub,= a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603); ‘knubbe, _callum_’, Levins, Manip. Low G. _knubbe_, a knob, lump; see NED.

=knurre,= a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, _bruscum, gibbus_’, Levins, Manip.; hence, _knurred_ (_knurd_), knotted, rugged, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=ko;= see =ka.=

=korke,= to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne [family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 6. From _corke_, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the Realm, Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v. Cork, sb.^{2}).

=kost,= _pt. t._ kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. _coss_, a kiss.

=kreking,= early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. _au point du jour_), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘_het kriecken ofte aenbreken van den dagh_, the creeke or the breaking of the day’ (Hexham). Cp. the Scottish phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.). Norm. F. _crique du jour_ (Moisy).

=kursin,= to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2. ‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’ are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Christen).

=kydst,= in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the sense of ‘knewest’. ME. _kithen_ (pt. s. _kidde_), means ‘to make known’. See =kid= (notorious).

=kyrie,= short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), _Lord, have mercy upon us_; the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for a scolding, causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he went to bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie sad solfing’ (translating _Talia iactanti_, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst (ed. Arber, p. 21); _kyry_, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755.

=kyrsin,= Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See =cursen.=

L

=laced mutton,= a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s Triumph (Boy). See NED. See =mutton.=

=lachesse,= negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME. _lachesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 720), OF. _lachesse_, _laschesse_, deriv. of _lasche_, slack. L. _laxus_, lax.

=lack,= to want. _What do y’ lack?_ what will you buy; the constant cry of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead).

=lackey,= to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used _fig._ ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’, Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict.

=lad,= led; _pt. t._ of _lead_. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A Lanc. form, see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)).

=ladron,= a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span. _ladron_, a thief; L. _latro_, a robber.

=lady,= the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving for the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the outline of a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’ Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell).

=Lady of the Lake,= a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a fairy, nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright . . . all Ladyes of the lake behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of light behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall).

=lag,= slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard, Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; _lag-end_, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 24. See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1).

=lag-goose,= a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 4. In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey goose, see EDD. (s.v. Lag, sb.^{9}).

=lag:= in phr. _lag of duds_, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen).

=lag,= to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15.

=laire;= see =leer.=

=lam,= to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. _Lamming_, a thrashing, Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘_Gaulée_, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’, Cotgrave; _lambed_, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (Firk). In gen. prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. _lemja_ (pret. _lamði_), lit. to lame.

=lamback,= to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305.

=Lamia,= a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and to suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch, sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 1. L. _lamia_, a witch supposed to suck children’s blood. In the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. _Lîlîth_, ‘the night-hag’, is rendered _lamia_. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster.

=lampas,= a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. _lampas_ (Cotgr.).

=lamping,= shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital. _lampante_, bright, shining (Florio).

=lance-knight,= a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance or pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave has: ‘_Lansknyght_, lancequenet.’ G. _lanz-knecht_, lance-knight, a perverted form of _lands-knecht_ = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See Dict. (s.v. Lansquenet).

=lancepesade,= a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a lance-corporal. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; _lance-presade_, Cleaveland, Poems (Nares); _lanceprisado_, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell). The term was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his lance (_lancia spezzata_) on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer assistant to a captain of foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he could remount himself (Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p. 353) for account of _Lance-spessade_. See Stanford, and Nares.

=lanch, launch,= to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) _lancher_ (F. _lancier_). In W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’, see EDD. (s.v. Lance, sb.^{1} 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch).

†=land-damn,= to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to be imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares.

=landlouper,= a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 105; spelt _land-loper_; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du. _landt-looper_, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the countrie’ (Hexham).

=langdebiefe,= wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; _langdebeef_, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. _lange de beof_, ‘ox tunge’, ‘lingua bovis’, ‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24).

=langer,= to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur, leaf 185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger).

=langued,= lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of a specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. _langué_, ‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.).

=lannard,= a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner).

†=lansket,= a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found here (NED.).

=lantedo, lanteero;= ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See =adelantado.=

=lanterloo,= the old name of the card game now called _loo_. Etherege, She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt _Lanterlu_, and used as a name, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford.

=lap,= a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_lap_, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=lapise, lappise,= to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c. 33, p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. _glappir_, _glappissement_, (Cotgr.).

=lapwing,= said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius); and see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Alexander). Very common.

=lare,= a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of _lair_, the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.^{1} 2, § 3).

=lare,= to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura).

=Lares,= the household gods in Roman religion. _Lars_, Milton, Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus).

=lash:= phr. _in the lash_, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the lash’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age the whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s. 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.^{1} 4).

=lash,= to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden, tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’, Congreve, Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria).

=lash out,= to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67).

=latch,= to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _lacchen_ (P. Plowman). OE. _læccan_, to seize, catch.

=lato,= a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); _laton_, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. _latoun_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 699). Norm. F. _laton_, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et de zinc’ (Moisy), Med. L. _lato_ (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten).

=launce,= a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. _lanx_, a scale.

=laund,= a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 69. ME. _launde_, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1691). Anglo-F. _launde_, OF. _lande_; probably of Celtic origin, see W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239.

=launder,= one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence _laundered_ (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME. _lawndere_ (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress).

=laundring,= washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).

=lautitious,= sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L. _lautitia_, magnificence.

=lave,= used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; _lave-eared_, having long drooping ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’, Levins, Manip. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _lave eres_ (Wars Alex. 4748).

=lave,= to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv. 1. 72. Icel. _lafa_, to droop.

=lavender:= phr. _to lay in lavender_, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699; ‘Rather than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in lavender, if I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); _to lie in lavender_, to be in pawn, ‘a black suit . . . now lies in lavender’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado for the Devil is an epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender for the discharge of his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). _Lavendered_, pp. ‘Your lavendered robes’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach).

=laver,= drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97. See =lave.=

=lavolta,= the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V, iii. 3. 33. Ital. _la volta_, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’ (Florio).

†=lavoltetere,= one who dances (and teaches) the _lavolta_. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host).

=law, to give,= to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii (Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199.

=lay,= law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a religion, creed, a faith; ‘’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in love and charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. _lay_, religion, faith (Chaucer, C. T. B. 376). Anglo-F. _lei_, ‘loi, loi religieuse, religion’ (Chans. Rol. 85).

=lay,= a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow, unploughed, ‘Let . . . land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. _lay_, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt. EETS.); _laie_, fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.).

=lay,= a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4. 159. In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, sb.^{1} 20).

=lay,= to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A Trick to Catch, i. 2. 3.

=lay:= phr. _to lay in_ (or _a_) _water_, to make nugatory, to bring to a standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.^{1} 25).

=lay,= to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’, Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie, vb.^{1} 43), and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16).

=layne,= to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane). ME. _laynen_, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. _leyna_, cognate with G. _leugnen_, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain).

=laystall,= a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 53; _leystall_, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)).

=laystow,= a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In comparison of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and laistowes’, Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325); ‘Smythfeelde was . . . a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron. vii. 226 (NED.). A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)).

=layte,= lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11. ME. _leit_, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. _lēget_, also _līgyt_ (Matt. xxiv. 27).

=laze,= to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Melpomene); Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.).

=leach,= a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in jelly; ‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies, leach’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii. 285. F. _lèche_, ‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED.

=lead:= phr. _to lead apes in hell_, the fancied consequence of dying an old maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘_Mammola_, an old wench . . . one that will lead apes in Hell’, Florio.

=lead,= a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead, sb.^{1} 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from having been usually made of that metal.

=leaden dart.= Cupid’s _leaden_ dart caused dislike; his _golden_ one incited to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman Actor, iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470.

=leading-staff,= a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer. Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly).

=leak,= leaky. Spelt _leke_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; _leake_, id., vi. 8. 24. OE. _hlece_.

=leally,= truly, verily. Spelt _lelely_, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1 (Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his office’, Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. _leal_, loyal (Rough List), O. Prov. _leal_ (Levy).

=lear;= see =lere.=

=leare,= a cheek; _learys_, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix, ch. 21; spelt _lyers_, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. _hlēor_, cheek, face. See =leer.=

=lease,= a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; _lees_, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, ch. 63 (The Place).

=leasues,= ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 103. OE. _lǣs_, a pasture (dat. _lǣswe_). See EDD. (s.v. Leasowe).

=lease;= _Lease-parol_, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1.

=lease, lese,= to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. _lesen_, OE. _lēasian_, to tell lies; _lēas_, false.

=leasing,= lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 48; BIBLE, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; _lesynge_, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv. 18. ME. _leesyng_ (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. _lēasung_.

=leathe-weake,= having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written _leathwake_, _lithwake_, _leathweak_ (EDD.). ME. _lithwayke_, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _leoðuwāc_, _liðewāc_ (BT.).

=leatica,= a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. _liatico_ (Florio); _aleatico_, an exquisite grape, a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v. Liatico).

=leave,= to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. _lever_, ‘to raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.).

=leavy,= leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 316, 512.

=leden, ledden,= language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744; Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. _leden_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 435); OE. _leden_ (_lyden_), language, prop. the Latin language, L. _Latinus_; cp. O. Prov. _latin_, ‘langage’ (Levy), OF. _latin_, language, also, the warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34); Ital. _latino_, language (Dante).

=ledger,= resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); _lieger_, Webster, White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; _legier_, resting in a place, Fairfax, Tasso, i. 70. 15; _leiger_, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Littleworth). See =lieger.=

=Lee.= ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 19; ‘I looked . . . adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496). Probably the reference is to the name of a river.

=leefky,= for _leefkyn_, a bodice. _Leefekyes_, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116). Du. _lijfken_: ‘_een vrouwen Lijfken_, A womans Bodies [bodice]’ (Hexham); dimin. of _lijf_, a body.

=leefsom,= pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish _leesome_, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE. _lēofsum_ (Juliana, 17).

=leek,= like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with _cheek_.

=leer,= complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt _laire_, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; _lere_, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; _leyre_, Magnyfycence, 1573. For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{3} 3, and Lire, sb.^{3}). OE. _hlēor_, face, countenance. See =leare.=

=leer,= tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{2}). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{2}).

=leer,= empty. _A leer horse_, a horse without a rider (see Nares); _a leer drunkard_, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. _lere_, empty (Rob. Glouc., p. 81); see Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. _lǣre_; cp. G. _leer_. Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.^{1}).

=leer;= _Leer side_, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2, ‘Hat turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the left side. Probably due to the form _leereboard_ (for _lar-board_), see Hakluyt’s Voyages, i. 4.

=leere,= lore. See =lere.=

=leese,= to lose. BIBLE, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. _lesen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1290); OE. _lēosan_.

=lefull,= permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45. ME. _leveful_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 37); _leve_, permission (id., C. T. B. 1637). See NED. (s.v. Leeful).

=leg:= in phr. _to make a leg_, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a plum, he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares.

=legacy,= an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220.

=Lege de moy,= supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587.

=legem pone,= a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes now a dayes . . . If _legem pone_ comes he is receav’d, When _Vix haud habeo_ is of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell); ‘They were all at our service for the _legem pone_’, Ozell’s Rabelais, iv. 12; ‘Use _legem pone_ to pay at thy day, But use not _Oremus_ for often delay’, Tusser, Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin phrase for money is doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year was March 25, on which day of the month the _Legem pone_ is the first portion of the 119th Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were easily associated with the idea of payment and ready money. See Nares.

=leger,= light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers, scene 5 (Welcome). F. _léger_.

=legiaunce,= faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. _ligeance_, _legiance_, deriv. of _lige_, _liege_, entitled to feudal service, also, bound to render feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O. Prov. _litge_, ‘liege’; of Germanic origin, OHG. _ledig_, free; _legiaunce_ was the feudal service of a free man. See NED.

=legier;= see =ledger.=

=legier-booke,= a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a cartulary, register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict. (s.v. Ledger).

=legierte,= lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20; thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. _légèreté_, lightness.

=leiger;= see =ledger.=

=leke;= see =leak.=

=lelacke,= lilac. Bacon, Essay 46. Cp. the Lincoln pronunciation _lealock_, see EDD. (s.v. Laylock).

=lelely;= see =leally.=

=lembic,= an ‘alembic’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); _limbeck_, Macbeth, i. 7. 67.

=leme,= a flame, light, ray, beam. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, c. 1, § 2; Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 64; _leames_, lights, Sackville, Induction to Mirror, st. 9. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _leme_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4120). OE. _lēoma_, light.

=Lemures,= in early Roman religion, the spirits of the departed. Milton, Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21.

=l’envoy,= the sending forth a poem, hence, the conclusion of a poetical or prose composition; the author’s parting words; _fig._ a conclusion, catastrophe, ‘Long since I look’d for this l’envoy’, Massinger, Bashful Lover, iv. 1 (Martino); v. 1 (Alonzo). OF. _envoye_ (F. _envoi_), a sending.

=lere,= lore, teaching. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 261; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 803; _leare_, Spenser, F. Q. iii, 11. 16; iv. 3. 40; _leares_, lessons, F. Q. iii. 7. 21; _leere_, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 5 (Sperantus). Also, the meaning, sense (as of a Latin phrase), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Lawrence). In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _lere_ (Sir Gowther, 231); fr. _leren_, to teach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 441). See =leyre.=

=lere;= see =leer.=

=lerrepoop;= see =liripoop.=

=lerrie,= something said by rote, a set speech, ‘patter’; ‘Man can teach us our lerrie’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Third Lady). In Kent ‘lerry’ is the part which has to be learnt by a mummer (EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Lurry).

=lesses,= the dung of a ‘ravenous’ animal. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 97; Maister of Game, c. 25. F. _laisses_, ‘the lesses (or dung) of a wild Boar, Wolf, or Bear’ (Cotgr.).

=lest,= to listen. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 17. See EDD. (s.v. List, vb.^{3}).

=lest;= see =list.=

=lesynge;= see =leasing.=

=let,= hindrance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 13; vi. 2. 17. ME. _lett_ (Cursor M. 7395).

=Lethe,= a river in Hades, the water of which produced forgetfulness of the past; ‘Lethe the River of Oblivion’, Milton, P. L. ii. 583; ‘Lethe Wharfe’, Hamlet, i. 5. 33. Hence _Lethean_, ‘They ferry over this Lethean Sound’, Milton, P. L. ii. 604 (cp. the ‘Lethaeus amnis’ of Virgil, Aeneid vi. 705). Gk. λήθη, forgetfulness, oblivion; personified in Hesiod; no river is called Λήθη by the ancient Greeks.

=Lethe,= Death, Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 206. Hence _Lethean_, deadly, mortal. Blount, Glossogr., 1670. F. _Lethe_, ‘masc. Death; _Lethean_, deadly, mortal, death-inflicting’ (Cotgr.). L. _letum_ (on acc. of association with Gk. λήθη, Lethe, sometimes printed _lethum_, an orthography which is not supported by MSS. or Inscriptions), Death.

=lettice,= a kind of whitish grey fur; ‘A robe of Scarlet . . . bordered with Lettice’, Hall, Chron., 25 Hen. VIII (ed. 1809, 803); _a lettice cap_, ‘Bring in the Lettice cap . . . And then how suddenly we’ll make you sleep’, Fletcher, M. Thomas, iii. 1. 9; id., Thierry and Theod. v. 2. 8. F. _letice_, ‘a beast of a whitish gray colour’ (Cotgr.). OF. _letice_, _lettice_, _lettiche_, ‘fourrure ou pelisse grise’ (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Lactenus). OHG. _illitiso_, the polecat (12th cent.), MHG. _iltis_, _iltisse_, see Weigand and Kluge (s.v. Iltis). See Nares.

=lettuce,= in proverbial sayings: _Like lips, like lettuce_, i.e. things happen to a man according to his deserts, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 318 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1); _Like lettuce, like lips_, New Custom, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 23; _Such lips, such lettuce_, Heywood’s Proverbs, 80. Cp. the Latin Proverb, ‘Similes habent labra lactucas’, see Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 111). See NED.

=level-coil,= a rough game, in which each player is in turn driven from his seat and supplanted by another, hence, riotous sport. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 2 (Dame Turfe); ‘_Jouër à cul-leve_, to play at level-coyl’, (Cotgrave). Also used as adv. for turn and turn about, alternately, ‘The mother’s smile Brought forth the daughter’s blush, and levell coyle, They smil’d and blusht’, Quarles, Argalus (ed. 1629, 18). F. _lève-cul_, see Littré (s.v. Lever). See Halliwell.

=lever,= rather, more gladly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; _me lever were_, it would be more agreeable to me, id., iii. 2. 6. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles. ME. ‘me were lever’ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1034). OE. _lēofre_, comp. of _lēof_, dear, ‘lief’.

=leveret,= a mistress, a courtesan. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 (Malipiero); Gamester, i. 1; Honoria. i. 1 (Alamode). F. _levrette_, ‘A Greyhound bitch, also, a most lascivious and incontinent wench’ (Cotgr.).

=levet,= a trumpet-call, to awaken soldiers, &c., in a morning; ‘Trumpets sound a levet’ (stage-direction), Fletcher, Double Marriage, ii. 1; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 611. Ital. _levata_, a march upon a drum and trumpet (Florio); orig. pp. fem. of _levare_, to raise.

=levigate,= lightened, made easier. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 1. Late L. _levigare_, to lighten; _levigatio_, a lightening (Rönsch, 81).

=leyre,= lore. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. See =lere.=

=leystall;= see =laystall.=

=liam, lyam,= a leash for hounds. Spelt _liom_, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 143; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 13, § 5; Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal 6, 65. O. Prov. _liam_ (Levy), Béarnais Dial., _liam_ (Lespy), Norm.-F. _lian_, ‘lien’ (Moisy), L. _ligamen_, a band, anything to tie with, fr. _ligare_, to tie. See NED. (s.v. Lyam), and EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.^{2}). See =lym.=

=lib,= to sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Hence, _libkin_, a house to sleep in, a lodging, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman); _lib ken_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); ‘A _lypken_, a house to lye in’, Harman, Caveat, 83.

=lib;= see =glib.=

=libbard,= leopard. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 29; Milton, P. L. vii. 467. [The form ‘libbard’ occurs in modern poets: ‘The lion, and the libbard, and the bear’, Cowper, Task, vi. 773; ‘On libbard’s paws’, Keats, Lamia, ii. 185.] ME. _libarde_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 894). OF. _lebard_ (Godefroy); see NED.

=libbat,= a short thick stick, chiefly for throwing at cocks, &c.; a billet of wood. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, st. 21, st. 12; id., prose add. to bk. ii, § 22. In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Libbet, sb.^{1}).

=libecchio,= a south-west wind. Milton, P. L. x. 706. An erroneous form for Ital. _libeccio_ (Florio), deriv. of L. _Libs_, S.W. wind; Gk. Λίψ.

=libel, libell,= a little book, a short treatise. Gascoigne, Works, i. 42; a written statement. North’s Plutarch, Life of Octavius, § 25 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 277, note 1).

=liberal,= licentious, gross. Much Ado, iv. 1. 93; Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 194; Othello, ii. 1. 165. _Liberally_, licentiously; City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 194.

=libration,= oscillation, swaying to and fro; ‘The bounds of thy libration’, Dryden, Conq. of Granada, ii. 3. 1 (Almanzor). L. _librare_, to balance.

=licket.= Meaning doubtful; perhaps a flap of some kind; ‘Wear your coif with a London licket’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). In the west country ‘licket’ is in use for ‘a shred, rag’ (EDD.).

=lidderon,= a rascal. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 29; Garl. of Laurell, 188. A Sc. prov. word, see Jamieson, Suppl. ME. _lyderon_ or _lydron_, ‘lydorus’ (Prompt. EETS. 262), (_lydorus_ = Gk. λοίδορος).

=lieger,= an ordinary or resident Ambassador; ‘A Lieger (differed) from an extraordinary Ambassador’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. iii. 5. 22; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Alvarez); a commissioner, an agent, spelt _leiger_, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 59; Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 140. See =ledger.=

=lie-pot,= a vessel to hold ‘lye’ for use as a hair-wash. Middleton, Five Gallants, i. 1. 12 (_or_ 14).

=lifter,= a thief, cheat. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 129; Greene, James IV, iii. 1 (near the end).

=lig, ligge,= to lie, lie down. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 40; Shep. Kal., May, 217; Oct., 12. In common prov. use in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lie, vb.^{2} 1 (4)). OE. _licgean_ (_liggan_).

=lightly,= usually, commonly. Richard III, iii. 1. 91; Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo); ‘There’s lightning lightly before thunder’, Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 110); given as a Kentish saying (EDD.).

=lightmans,= a cant term for day. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =darkmans.=

=like,= to please; ‘The music likes you not’, Two Gent. iv. 2. 56; esp. in the phrase of courtesy, _an’t like your Grace_, if it please your Grace, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 100 (for exx. see Schmidt). ME. _lyke_, to please; _it lyketh yow_, it pleases you (Chaucer); OE. _līcian_, to please.

†=lilburne,= heavy stupid fellow; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek).

=lill,= to let the tongue loll out, to thrust forth the tongue. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34; ‘I lylle out the tonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Berks. and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Lill, vb.^{2}).

=limbeck;= see =lembic.=

=limiter,= a friar licensed to beg within certain limits. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 85. ME. _limitour_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 209). See Nares.

=limmer,= a ‘limber’; the shaft of a cart or carriage. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 26); ‘_Timone_, the limmer or beam or pole of a wagon’, Torriano, Ital. Dict. (1688). ‘Limmer’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Limber).

=limmer,= a scoundrel, rascal, rogue. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earine); Dalrymple, tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. ix. 219; _lymmer_, Holinshed Hist. Irel. (Nares). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=limp,= a ‘limpet’. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 189. A Cumberland word (EDD.).

=lin,= a pool. Drayton, Pol. v. 118; vi. 22. In Scotland and the Border country _linn_ is used for the pool at the base of a waterfall, see EDD. (s.v. Linn, sb.^{1} 2). Gael _linne_; Irish _linn_; Welsh _llyn_, a pool.

=lin,= to cease. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; Puritan Widow, iii. 5. 110; B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Tat.); Mirror for Mag. 77 (Nares). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _linne_ (King Horn, 1004); OE. _linnan_.

=line,= the lime or linden. Holland, Pliny, i. 541; _line-grove_, grove of lime-trees, Tempest, v. 1. 10. OE. _lind_ and _linde_. See NED. (s.v. Lind).

=lingel,= a shoemaker’s waxed thread. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v.3 (Ralph); Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142; ‘Lyngell that souters sowe with, _chefgros_’, Palsgrave. ‘Lingel’ (or ‘lingle’) is the ordinary word for shoemaker’s thread in Scotland (EDD.). F. _ligneul_ (Cotgr.).

=linsel, lynsel,= a sheet, a winding-sheet. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 83. F. _linceul_, a sheet; L. _linteolum_, dimin. of _linteum_, a linen cloth.

=lint,= flax, flaxen cloth; ‘Robes that brooke no lint’, admit of no flax; being of costly material, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 9, st. 68. In prov. use in Scotland and north of Ireland (EDD.).

=lint-staff,= a lint-stock or linstock, a staff with a forked head to hold a lighted match. Heywood, Challenge for Beauty, iii. 1 (Valladaura); vol. v, p. 35. See Dict. (s.v. Linstock).

=lion-drunk,= drunk as a lion. Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo). The four degrees of drunkenness were to be drunk as a sheep (good-humoured); as a lion (noisy); as an ape (foolish); and as a swine (bestial). See note to Chaucer (C. T. H. 44), in Complete Works.

=liquor,= to lubricate; to anoint with grease. Bacon, Nat. History, § 117; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 106.

=liripoop,= chiefly in phrases _to know_ or _have_ (one’s) _liripoop_, _to teach_ (a person) _his liripoop_. It means something to be learned and acted or spoken; _lyrypoope_, Newton, Lemnie’s Complex. vii. 58 (NED.); ‘I will teach thee thy lyrripups’, Stanyhurst, Desc. Irel. in Holinshed, ii. 35; _lerripoope_, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Prisius); _leerypoope_, Sapho, i. 3 (Cryticus). Used in the sense of a trick, _lerrepoop_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, i. 1 (Sir Gregory); London Prodigal, iv. 1. 2. Cp. ‘lerry’, Linc. word for a trick (EDD.). See =lerry.=

=lirrypoope,= a silly person, Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1. See Nares (s.v. Liripoop). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Lirripoop).

=list,= a stripe of colour. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 306; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. vi, c. 11. Hence _listed_, striped, Milton, P. L. xi. 866. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. List, sb.^{1} 3). F. _liste_, a list or selvedge (Cotgr.).

=listeth, list,= _impers._ it is pleasing to; ‘Ys yt not lawfull for me to do as me listeth with myne awne’, Tyndale, Matt. xx. 15; ‘Me list . . . This idle task to undertake’, Peele, Arraignm. Paris, i. 2; ‘When me lest’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 247.

=litch-owl,= the ‘lich-owl’, screech-owl, whose cry portended death; ‘The shrieking Litch-owl that doth never cry But boding death’, Drayton, The Owl, 302; _like-owle_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. x, c. 23 (i. 283c). See EDD. (s.v. Lich). ME. _liche_, a body, a dead body (Chaucer). OE. _līc_.

=lithe, lythe,= a joint; _out of lythe_, out of joint, Morte Arthur, leaf 58, back, 10; bk. iii, c. 13. ME. _lyth_, a limb (Prompt.). OE. _lið_.

=lither,= pliant, supple, yielding; ‘The lither skie’, 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 21; see NED. ‘Lither’ is used in this sense in Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Lither, adj.^{2}). Probably the same word as ‘lither’, lazy, sluggish. OE. _lȳðre_, bad (morally and physically).

=little-ease,= pillory, stocks; a very small compartment in a prison. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1. 9. Also called _small-ease_. See Nares.

=little-son,= a grandson. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 22 (in Shak. Plut., p. 271).

=liver.= Supposed to be the seat of love; to which idea allusions are common. Temp. iv. 56; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 121. Also, the seat of courage; Twelfth Nt. iii. 2. 22. To be _lily-livered_, or _milk-livered_, or _pigeon-livered_, or _white-livered_, is to lack courage, to be cowardly.

=livery,= a suit of clothes bestowed on retainers or servants, 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 11; _instance of livery_, badge of service; Ford, Broken Heart, iv. 1 (Nearchus). Hence _liveried_, ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’, Milton, Comus, 455. F. _livrée_, ‘a delivery of a thing that’s given, the thing so given, hence, a livery; ones cloth, colours, or device worn by servants or others’ (Cotgr.); Med. L. _liberata_ (Ducange). See Dict.

=loave ears,= drooping ears. Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Morisco).

=lob,= a lubber, a clown. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 10; Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). Cp. Du. _lobben_, ‘a lubbard, a clowne’ (Hexham). A Lancashire word, see EDD. (s.v. Lob, sb.^{2}).

=lobcock,= a lubber; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3 (end). In prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).

=Lob’s pound,= prison; also _fig._ a state of great difficulty or entanglement; a fix. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1 (Chichon); Butler, Hud. i. 3. 910. Also _Hob’s pound_. See Nares.

=lodam,= the name of a game of cards; ‘_Carica l’asino_, the play at cards that we call, Load him’ (Florio); in one form, called _losing loadum_, the loser won the game, ‘_Coquimbert qui gaigne pert_, a game at cards, like our losing Lodam’, Cotgrave; Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam).

=lodesman,= a pilot, guide; ‘Lodesman of a shippe, Pilotte’, Palsgrave; ‘A lodes-man’, Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 184. ME. _lodesman_, pilot (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1488). OE. _lādmann_.

=lodesmate,= (?) a travelling companion. Only in Gascoigne, Glasse Govt. v. 3 (Phylocalus), in Poems (ed. 1870, ii. 77).

=loffe,= to laugh. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 55. In EDD. _loff_ (_lough_) is given as the infin. of ‘laugh’ in many parts of England (western from Lanc. to Cornwall). In Lanc. they say ‘he lough’ for ‘he laughed’. ME. _lough_, pret. of _laughe_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 248); OE. _hlōh_, laughed.

=loft,= uplifted, elated; ‘In neyther fortune loft, nor yet represt’, Surrey, Of the death of Sir T. W., ii. 27, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 29; and see the same Misc., p. 235, l. 11.

=loggats,= a game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as possible to a stake fixed in the ground or a block of wood on a floor. Hamlet, v. 1. 99. See EDD.

=lol,= that which lolls; the tongue. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 442. See EDD. (s.v. Loll, vb.^{2}: Loller, ‘the tongue’).

=lollard,= lazy, idle, sluggish; ‘The lolearde Asse’, Turbervile, That all things have release, st. 3. The word ‘lollard’ for a lazy person is used in Cumberland (EDD.).

=Lombard,= a native of Lombardy; ‘A Lumbarde, _longobardus_’, Levins, Manip. 30; a Lombard engaged as a money-changer or pawnbroker, Greene, Mourn. Garm. 44 (NED.); also, a money-lender’s office, a pawnshop, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Kate). Norm. F. _lombard_, _lumbart_, ‘usurier, prêteur sur gages’ (Moisy). See =lumber.=

=lome,= a bucket. Mirror for Mag., Godwin, st. 55. ‘Loom’ is in use in many parts of Scotland for a vessel of any kind, see EDD. (s.v. 4).

=long,= to belong. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. ME. _longen_, to belong (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2278); OE. _langian_.

=longee,= a ‘lunge’, a complimental bow to a lady. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 159. See Dict. (s.v. Lunge).

=longtails;= see =Kentish long-tails.=

=loos,= praise, fame. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12. ME. _los_, praise (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1514); OF. _los_, _loos_; O. Prov. _laus_, praise; L. _laudes_, pl. of _laus_, praise.

=loose,= the act of discharging an arrow. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2. 5; Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 146).

=lope,= to run. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s Song); Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan); Gascoigne, Fruites Warre, lii (NED.). They say in Essex, ‘He went lopin’ along’, see EDD. (s.v. Loup, vb.^{1} 8). Du. _loopen_, ‘to runne or to trot’ (Hexham).

=lopeman,= a runner. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 8.

=lorel,= a worthless person, rogue, blackguard; ‘I am laureate, I am no lorelle’, Skelton, Against Garnesche. See NED. ME. _lorel_, ‘Lewede lorel!’ (P. Plowman, A. viii. 123). See =Cock Lorel.=

=loring,= instruction. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 42. (A rime-word; formed fr. _lore_.)

=lote,= in Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 802, represents Gk. λωτός, some kind of clover or trefoil, see NED. (s.v. Lote, sb.^{1} 2).

=lought,= loath. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, i. 1 (Old Forrest); vol. vi, p. 364. ‘Loft’ is in prov. use in Oxfordsh. and Kent as a pronunc. of ‘loath’ (EDD.).

=loup-garou,= a werwolf, a man changed into the form of a wolf. North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Story of Timon). F. _loup-garou_; F. _loup_, wolf + _garou_, a werwolf, cp. MHG. _werwolf_, man-wolf; OE. _werewulf_, so that in _loup-garou_ there is a tautological repetition of two words for ‘wolf’—one of Latin and the other of Teutonic origin. See Hatzfeld.

=lour, lowre,= money (Cant); ‘Lour to bouze with’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Harman, Caveat, p. 85.

=lourdain,= a general term of opprobrium, a sluggard, vagabond. Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, ch. 13; Drayton, Sheph. Garl. (ed. 1593, K 2), see Nares; ‘Let alone makes mony lurdon’, Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. 1678, p. 383). See EDD. (s.v. Lurdane). ME. _lordayne_ (_lurdayn_), ‘lurco’ (Prompt. EETS. 269 and 272); OF. _lourdein_, ‘sot, stupide’ (Roquefort), deriv. of _lourd_, heavy, dull.

=loute,= to bend, bow, make obeisance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; v. 8. 50. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lout, vb.^{2} 1). ME. _loute_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 683); OE. _lūtan_, to stoop.

=louver,= an aperture with a shutter or flap; ‘He put abrode the louvres of the tente’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; spelt _lover_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 42. A north-country word still in use (EDD.). ME. _lovere_, ‘lodium’ (Prompt. EETS. 271, see note, no. 1294); OF. _lover_, _lovier_ (Godefroy).

=lover-hole,= an opening in a ‘louver’, Shirley, Honoria, iii. 4 (Alamode).

=love,= to praise, to appraise; ‘I love, as a chapman loveth his ware that he wyll sell’, Palsgrave. ME. _loven_: ‘_lovon_ and bedyn as chapmen’ (Prompt. EETS. 277); OE. _lofian_, to praise, to value; cp. G. _loben_.

=lovery,= a ‘louver’. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. v. 72.

=loves.= The phrases _for all loves_, _of all loves_ (or _love_), _upon all love_, _for love’s sake_, are all phrases indicating strong entreaty, like our _for my sake_, _for his sake_. ‘Speake of all loves’, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 153. ‘Of all loves’ is a Derb. form of entreaty, see EDD. (s.v. Love, sb.^{1} 3).

=low-bell,= a hand-bell used in fowling, to make the birds lie close; ‘Take a low-bell which must have a deep and hollow sound’, Gentleman’s Recreation, Fowling, 39 (Nares); ‘As timorous larks amazed are With light and with a low-bell’, St. George for England, st. 5 (written in 1688), in Percy’s Reliques (ed. Bohn, ii. 329). It is probably this kind of bell which Petruchio means when he says to Maria: ‘Peace, gentle low-bell!’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3.

=low-men,= loaded dice that produced low throws. London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.

=lubric, lubrick,= incontinent, wanton. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Win.); Dryden, Ode to Mrs. Killigrew, 63; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). Med. L. _lubricus_, ‘impudicus, salax’ (Ducange).

=lubrican,= the ‘leprechaun’; in Irish folk-lore, a pigmy sprite who always carries a purse containing a shilling (NED.); ‘Your Irish lubrican’, Dekker, Honest Wh., 2nd Pt. iii. 1 (Hippolito); Drayton, Agincourt. For full particulars of this tricky little sprite, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 284. Irish _lupracán_ (also, _lughracán_, _lugharcán_) a ‘leprechaun’ (Dinneen, p. 450). See EDD. (s.v. Leprechaun).

=lucern,= a lynx. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); _lucerns_ (= θῶες), Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 417; id., Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); _luzern_, Peele, Device of a Pageant. Cp. early mod. G. _lüchsern_, pertaining to the lynx, deriv. of _luchs_, a lynx (NED.).

=lug,= the ear. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (P. Canter); Return from Parnassus (last scene); hence, _lugg’d_, furnished with ‘lugs’ or flaps, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 174. ‘Lug’ is very common in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.^{2} 1).

=lug,= a measure of land. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 11. In prov. use in the Midlands and south-west counties from Warwicksh. to Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.^{3} 5).

=lug,= to pull, drag about. Hamlet, iii. 4. 212; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83; ‘Head-lugged bear’, King Lear, iv. 2. 42. In common colloq. use (EDD.).

=lugge,= a stiff bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 28; ‘_Vastus arcus_, a lugge or mighty bigge bowe’, Cooper.

=lull,= pleasant soothing drink; ‘A Cup of blessed lull’, The London Chanticleers, scene 9 (Heath). Not found elsewhere.

=lumber,= a pawnbroking establishment; ‘_Mónte de piedád_, a lumber or bancke to lend money for a yeare, for those that need, without interest’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. Phr. _to put to lumber_, to put in pawn, ‘To put one’s Clothes to Lumbar, _pignori dare_’, Skinner. See =Lombard.=

=Luna,= an alchemist’s name for silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). ME. ‘Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe’ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 826).

=lunary,= moonwort, the fern called _Botrychium Lunaria_. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 50; Lyly, Endimion, ii. 3 (End.); iv. 3 (Gyptes); Sapho, iii. 3 (Ismena); B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). ME. _lunarie_ (Chaucer).

=lune,= a ‘loyn’ or thong for a hawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 104, back, 12; bk. vi, c. 16. ME. _loigne_ (Rom. Rose, 3882). OF. _loigne_, a cord. Med. L. _longia_, ‘lorum’ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Loyn).

=lunes,= fits of frenzy, mad freaks. Winter’s Tale, ii. 2. 30. F. _lune_, humour, whim; ‘_Il y a de la lune_, he is a foolish, humorous, hare-brain’d, giddy-headed fellow’ (Cotgr.); cp. G. _laune_, whim, humour; fr. L. _luna_, the moon.

=lungis,= a long, slim fellow; one who is long in doing anything. Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, ii. 3. 4; ‘_Longis or a long slymme_, _lungurio_’, Huloet; ‘_Lungis_, a slim slow-back, a drowsy or dreaming Fellow’, Phillips (ed. 1706). F. ‘_Longis_, nom propre d’un personnage légendaire, qui aurait percé de sa lance le flanc de Jésus Christ; le sens est dû à l’influence de _long_: Celui qui est long à faire qqch.’ (Hatzfeld). Longinus was said to have been the soldier who pierced the Lord’s side with his lance (λόγχη); his martyrdom at Caesarea in Cappadocia was commemorated March 15; see Dict. Christ Antiq. (s.v.).

=lupus est in fabula,= there is a wolf coming to interrupt our talk. A proverb used on the occasion of a sudden silence; from the idea that a man becomes dumb if a wolf happens to see him before the man sees the wolf. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 322 (p. 93, col. 1); see Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, ch. 8. The superstition is referred to by Virgil, Ecl. ix. 54. The proverb occurs in Terence, Adelphi, iv. 1. 21. See Büchmann, Geflügelte Worte (ed. 1905, p. 441).

=lurch,= to remain in or about a place secretly, esp. with an evil design. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 26; to be beforehand in getting something, to get hold of by stealth, Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2; to deprive, rob, Coriolanus, ii. 2. 106. A north-country word (EDD.).

=lurden,= a term of reproach, Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 4. See =lourdain.=

=lush,= luxuriant, succulent. Temp. ii. 1. 52. In prov. use in Lakeland and Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Lush, adj.^{1}). ME. _lusch_ or slak, ‘laxus’ (Prompt.).

=lusk,= to lie idle, to indulge in laziness. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 30, st. 15. Cp. ‘lusk’, a Linc. word for an idle worthless fellow (EDD.). Hence _luskye_, lazy; ‘Thy luskye nest’, Drayton, The Owl, 111; _luskishness_, sluggishness, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 35.

=lustick, lustique,= merry, jolly. All’s Well, ii. 3. 47; ‘Rusticke and lusticke’, Dekker, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. Du. _lustigh_, pleasant (Hexham); deriv. of _lust_, pleasure. See NED.

=lustihead,= jollity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 51.

=lustless,= listless, feeble. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20; Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 4. 2. ME. _lustles_ (Gower, C. A. ii. 2024; iv. 3455).

=luxur,= an incontinent man. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. 9.

=luxury,= lasciviousness. Middleton, A Game at Chess, ii; A Mad World, iii. 2 (Mis. H.); Hamlet, i. 5. 83. ME. _luxurie_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 925). Late L. _luxuria_ (in Vulgate = ἀσωτία, Eph. v. 18).

=luzern;= see =lucern.=

=lyam;= see =liam.=

=lycanthropi,= persons suffering from _lycanthropia_, or wolf-madness. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Franciscus); Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. λυκάνθρωπος, a wer-wolf, a man who thought he was changed into a wolf, or who was thought by others to be so changed.

=lyers;= see =leare.=

=lylse-wulse,= linsey-woolsey. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 128. _Lylsey_ is an older form of Linsey (Suffolk), where cloth was once made. _Wulse_ furnishes a pun on the name of Wolsey.

=lym,= a lyam-hound, or one held by a leash. King Lear, iii. 6. 72. Short for _lyam-hound_. See =liam.=

=lymiter;= see =limiter.=

=lythe;= see =lithe.=

M

=M,= abbreviation for Master as a conventional title. Phr. _to have_ (or _carry_) _an M under one’s girdle_, to use a respectful prefix (Mr. or Mrs.) when addressing or mentioning a person; ‘You might carry an M under your girdle to Mr. Deputy’s worship’, B. Jonson, &c., Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (Constable); ‘Have you nere an M under your girdle’, Great Britons Honycombe (Nares); ‘You might have an M under your Girdle, Miss’, Swift, Polite Conversation; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 133. [‘Ye might hae had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood’, Scott, Old Mortality, xxix.]

=mace-proof,= proof against fear of bailiffs or mace-carrying serjeants. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Bonamico); Gamester, iii. 1 (Lord F.).

=mackrel gale,= a fresh gale, when mackerel are more easily caught. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 456.

=maculate,= to stain, defile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 26, § 8; _maculated_, spotted, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 29, § 9. L. _maculare_, to spot; from _macula_, a spot.

=mad=(=de,= a maggot or grub, esp. the larva which causes a disease in sheep. Tusser, Husbandry, § 50; Best, Farming Books (Surtees Soc., 6); Worlidge, Syst. Agric. 273; an earthworm, ‘Mooles take mads’, Warner, Alb. England, ii. 9, st. 52; Holland, Pliny, ii. 361. See =mathe.=

=maddle-coddle,= foolish. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 391. See EDD. (s.v. Maddle).

=Madrill,= Madrid. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1 (Pedro); ii. 1 (Alvarez); Marvell, Appleton House. Cp. Span. _Madrileño_, a native or inhabitant of Madrid.

†=magar,= some kind of ship. Only in Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 86; p. 90, col. 2.

=mage,= a magician. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 14. L. _magus_, pl. _magi_, ‘the Wise Men’ (Vulgate, Matt. ii. 1).

=maggot-pate,= a light-headed whimsical person. Beaumont and Fl., Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Milanes).

=maggot-pye,= a magpie. Macbeth, iii. 4. 125; ‘_Gazzotto_, a maggot-a-pie’, Florio. ‘Magot’ was a pet name for Margaret, see Bardsley, English Surnames, 76. F. _Margot_, ‘diminutif très familier de Marguerite, nom vulgaire de la pie’ (Littré). ‘Maggotty-pie’ is in prov. use in Wilts., Somerset, and Cornwall for the magpie, see EDD. (s.v. Maggot, sb.^{2}).

=magisterium,= lit. mastery; a name for the ‘philosopher’s stone’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). See Ducange.

=magnificate,= to magnify; ‘A church reformed state, The which the female tongues magnificate’, Marston, Sat. ii. 42; ridiculed by Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); p. 130.

=magnificence,= liberality of expenditure combined with good taste. Massinger, Renegado, ii. 4 (Vitelli); Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Charles). Cp. Chaucer, C. T. I. 736.

=magnificent,= munificent, liberal. Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius); Parl. of Love, iv. 1 (Dinant).

=maid,= a name given to the thornback and skate, when young. A Woman never vexed, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 112; Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104; Gay, Trivia, ii. 292. In prov. use in Ireland and various parts of England, see EDD.

=mail,= in hawking, to tie or wrap up a hawk with a girdle or kerchief, to secure her. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain); Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 3 (Gerasto). See NED. (s.v. Mail, vb.^{3} 2).

=main,= in the game of hazard, a number (from five to nine inclusive) called by the caster before the dice are thrown; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 47; _mains_, throws at dice; Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Quadratus). See NED. (s.v. Main, sb.^{3} 1).

=mainprize,= suretyship, acceptance of suretyship. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 60; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); ‘_Mainprise_, the receiving a man into friendly custody, that otherwise is or might be committed to prison, upon security given for his forthcoming at a day assigned’, Cowell, Interpreter (ed. 1637). Anglo-F. _maynprys_ (Rough List).

=maiordomo,= ‘major-domo’, the chief officer or servant of a princely or wealthy household. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4 (ed. Arber, 158). Span. _mayordomo_, a steward (Stevens).

=maistry,= a competitive feat of strength or skill. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 17, § 4; _masteries_, Bacon, Essay 19, § 3.

=make,= a companion, husband, wife. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 7; iii. 11. 2. Hence _makeless_, widowed, Shak., Sonnet 9. ME. _make_, a mate, equal, match; a wedded companion, husband or wife (Chaucer). Still in use in these senses in Scotland, also in England in many parts from the north to Glouc. OE. _gemaca_.

=makeless,= matchless, incomparable, Mirror for Mag, Buckingham, st. 13.

=make-bate,= a mischief-maker, promoter of quarrels. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 573 (ed. Arber, 62); BIBLE, 2 Tim. iii. 3 (margin); Titus ii. 3 (margin); ‘Satan the author and sower of discord stirred up his instruments, certain Frenchmen, tittivillers and makebaits about the King’, Foxe, Bk. Martyrs (ed. Cattley, ii. 648); Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Nicholas). In prov. use in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Make, vb.^{1} 3).

=making,= a match-making, matching. Middleton, A Trick to catch, iii. 3 (Witgood).

=malakatoon,= a quince, a peach grafted on a quince. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio); _malicatoon_, Rowley, All’s Lost, i. 3. 15. See =melocotone.=

=malander, mallander,= a dry scabby eruption behind the knee in horses. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 94; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem). F. _malandre_; Late L. _malandria_, pl. pustules on the neck, esp. in horses (Vegetius).

=male,= a bag, wallet, pack. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142. 2; ‘Male or wallet, to putte geare in’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. 4. ME. _male_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3115). See Dict. (s.v. Mail, 2).

=male-ease,= indisposition, illness. Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 2; bk. viii, c. 41. F. _malaise_.

=malefice,= an evil deed. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1154. L. _maleficium_, evil deed.

=malengin, malengine,= evil contrivance, ill intent, deceit. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 53; v. 9. 5. ME. _malengin_: ‘The florin Was moder ferst of malengin’ (Gower, C. A. v. 345). Anglo-F. _malengin_, evil device (Gower, Mirour, 6544); cp. _engin_, device, trickery, id., 2102.

=maleur,= misfortune. Spelt _maleheure_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 169. 1; _maleure_, id., lf. 244, back, 22. OF. _maleur_; L. _malum augurium_, evil destiny.

=maleurous,= unlucky. Spelt _malewreus_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 82. 26. OF. _maleuros_ (F. _malheureux_).

=maleurtee,= misfortune. Spelt _maleheurte_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 338. 15. See NED.

=male-uryd,= ill-omened, unlucky. Skelton, Against the Scottes, 111. See =ure= (destiny).

=malgrado,= ‘maugre’, in despite of, to the loss of; ‘Malgrado of his honour’, Greene, Orl. Fur. v. 2 (Orlando); Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5. 5. Ital. _malgrado_, ‘in despight of’ (Florio). Cp. =maugre.=

=malice,= to regard with malice, seek to injure. Surrey. Complaint of a Lover that defied Love, 34 (in Tottell’s Misc., p. 8); North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 13 (in Shak. Plut., p. 23). See Nares.

=malkin,= an untidy female servant, a slut, slattern. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 227; Pericles, iv. 3. 34; used as a term of abuse, a lewd woman, spelt _maukin_, Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); Death of E. Huntington, ii. 1 (Hubert), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 258. ‘Malkin’ (‘Mawkin’) is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland for a slattern, and as a term of abuse, see EDD. (s.v. Mawkin, 2). It is prop. a dimin. of the Christian name _Maud_ (ME. _Malde_), a F. equivalent of _Matilda_.

=mall,= a club. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 51; an iron club, id., iv. 5. 42. As vb., to beat down, id., v. 11. 8.

=malleation,= the test of hammering. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). From L. _malleus_, a hammer.

=malleted,= infixed as if by a ‘mallet’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 649.

=maltalent,= ill-will. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 61. ME. _maltalent_, ill-will, ill-humour (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 273 and 330); Anglo-F. _maltalant_, ill-humour (Ch. Rol. 271).

=mammer,= to waver, to be undecided. Othello, iii. 3. 70; Drant, tr. Horace, 2 Sat. 3. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _mamere_, ‘mutulare’ (Voc. 668. 26). See Nares.

=mammet,= a puppet, an odd figure, freq. used as a term of abuse. Romeo, iii. 5. 186; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 95; spelt _maumet_, Machin, The Dumb Knight, iii. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mommet). ME. _maumet_, an idol, a false god (Chaucer, C. T. I. 860); OF. _mahumet_, an idol, orig. Mahomet, who was supposed to be one of the false gods of the Saracens (Ch. Rol. 2590).

=mammock,= a scrap, shred. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 654; to tear into shreds, Coriolanus, i. 3. 71. ‘Mammock’, a broken piece, scrap, slice of food; to cut into pieces—in prov. use (EDD.).

=mammothrept,= a spoiled child, weakling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Amorphus). Gk. μαμμόθρεπτος, brought up by one’s grandmother.

=man,= to ‘squire’, or accompany a lady, to escort. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 291); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Amaranta).

=manable,= used of a girl of marriageable age. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 4 (Gudgeon); ‘She’s manable’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, ii. 1 (Otrante).

=manage,= management, control. Richard II, iii. 3. 179; Edw. III, iii. 3. 224.

=manchet,= a small loaf of white bread. Drayton, Pol., Song, xvi. 229; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger). In prov. use in Yorks., Lanc., and in the west country (EDD.). Norm. F. _manchette_, ‘pain à croûte dure, inégale, fait en forme de couronne’ (Moisy). Prob. the same word as F. _manchette_, a cuff (Hatzfeld).

=manderer;= see =maunder.=

=mandilion,= a soldier’s cloak. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 120; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. Ital. _mandiglione_, a jacket (Florio), deriv. of Med. L. _mantile_, cp. Span. _mantilla_. See Dozy, Glossaire, 299.

=mandragora,= mandrake. Othello, iii. 3. 330; Ant. and Cl. i. 5. 4. Gk. μανδραγόρας.

=mandrake,= the plant _Atropa mandragora_; of a strong narcotic quality. Its root was thought to resemble the human figure, and to cause madness by its shriek or groan when torn from the ground. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 310; Romeo, iv. 3. 47; a term of abuse, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 16; iii. 2. 342.

=mandritta, mandrita,= in fencing, a cut from right to left. Nabbes, Microcosmos, i. 2 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 56. Ital. _mandritto_, _manritto_, ‘a right handed blow’ (Florio).

=maner, manner:= in phr. _to be taken with the maner_, to be taken in the act. BIBLE, Num. v. 13 (ed. 1611); also, in the Geneva Bible (1562); 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 350; Winter’s Tale, iv. 3 (or 4), 755. ‘If the Defendant were taken with the mainour (or manour)’, Cowell, Interpreter (s.v. Mainour); ‘He is taken with the maynure’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii. c. 7, § 6. Compare the Anglo-F. legal phrase _pris ov mainoure_, and the L. _cum manuopere captus_, i.e. taken with the thing stolen in one’s possession (Ducange, s.v. Manopera); _mainoure_, lit. hand-work, acquired the legal sense of ‘thing stolen’. Later, to be taken _in the_ (_i’th_) _manner_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Mainour).

=mangonize,= to sell men or boys for slaves. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca). L. _mangonizare_, to trim up an article for sale (Pliny); _mango_, a dealer in slaves and wares.

=manicon,= the name of a narcotic, obtained from a kind of night-shade, so called from its supposed power of causing madness; ‘(Who) Bewitch hermetic men to run Stark staring mad with manicon’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 324. See Alphita, 176 (under Strignus manicon, and Solatrum mortale). Cp. Gk. στρύχνος μανικός (Dioscorides).

=maniple,= a handful, bundle. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Dia.); a band of men, Milton, Areopagitica (ed. Hales, 48). See Dict.

=manner;= see =maner.=

=manred,= the men whom the lord could call upon in time of war; hence, a supply of fighting men; ‘Manred and retinew’, Holland, Camden’s Brit., Scot. ii. 17 (NED.); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 644 and 710 (L. orig. ‘cohors’). OE. _mannrǣden_, homage, service due from tenants.

=manticore,= a fabulous animal, compounded of a lion, porcupine, and scorpion, with a human head. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 118 and 124; ‘Mantichoras, monstrous beasts’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v (Butler). Gk. μαντιχώρας, a corrupt reading for μαρτιχόρας in Aristotle; from a Persian word meaning ‘man-eater’. See NED.

=manto,= a cloak. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 700. Ital. _manto_.

=mantoon,= a mantle. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Ital. _mantone_, _manto_, a cloak (Florio).

=manurage,= cultivation of land. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, c. 14, st. 1.

=map,= a mop. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); ‘Map’ is a Yorks. pronunc. of ‘mop’ (EDD.).

=maquerelle,= a bawd, a procuress. Westward Ho, v. 3; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Second Antimasque). F. _maquerelle_, ‘a (woman) bawd, the solicitrix of Lechery’ (Cotgr.).

=marablane,= an Oriental aromatic. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Spaniard). See =myrobalane.=

=marasmus,= a wasting away of the body. Milton, P. L. xi. 487. Gk. μαρασμός.

=marchesite;= ‘marcasite’; a kind of iron pyrites. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Ital. _marchesita_, _marcasita_, ‘a marquesit, or fire-stone, good to make mill-stones’ (Florio).

=marcussotte,= to cut the beard in a particular way; ‘And with a sythe doth marcussotte his bristled berd’, Golding, Metam. xiii. 766; fol. 163 (1603). F. _Barbe faicte à la marquisotte_, ‘Cut after the Turkish fashion; all being shaven away but the mustachoes’ (Cotgr.).

=mare,= the nightmare. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 83. ME. _mare_ or nyȝhte mare, ‘epialtes’ (Prompt.). OE. _mare_, Icel. _mara_.

=mare:= in phr. _to ride the wild mare_, to play at see-saw. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 268; _the two-legged mare_, the gallows, Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 335, 345.

=mare;= ‘the blues’, melancholy; ‘Away the mare’, Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 110; ‘Let pass away the mare’, Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 57.

=mare,= a term in wrestling; a particular kind of grip. Drayton, Pol. i. 244. Also called _the flying mare_; see NED.

=mareyse,= a marsh. Morte Arthur, leaf 113. 5; bk. vi, c. 14; lf. 217. 17; bk. x, c. 1. OF. _mareis_; Med. L. _mariscus_ (Ducange).

=margaret, margarite,= a pearl. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 76; p. 90, col. 1; A Looking-Glasse, i. 1. 100 (Rasni). F. _Marguerite_, ‘Margaret (a woman’s name); also a (Margarite) pearl’ (Cotgr.). L _margarita_, Gk. μαργαρίτης, a pearl.

=marge,= margin, brink, border. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. Drayton, Pol. ii. 25. F. _marge_.

=margery-prater,= a hen (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Prater_ = cackler.

=marginal finger,= an index-hand in the margin of a book (☞); used to direct attention to a striking passage. Massinger, Fatal Dowry (Romont; towards the end).

=mark,= a coin worth 13_s._ 4_d._, or 2/3 of the £ sterling. Measure for M. iv. 3. 7; King John, ii. 530.

=mark-white,= white mark, centre. Phr. _at the marke white_, at the white mark in the centre of a target, Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; cp. _the white_, Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186. And see =rove.=

=marle,= to marvel, wonder. Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Carlo); a marvel, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 1 (Mrs. Otter). A Devon and Somerset pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marl, vb.^{3}).

=marlian,= a merlin, small hawk. Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 132, l. 1. A Cornish pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marlin).

=marling,= a ‘marline’, a small tarred cord used for binding ropes. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See Dict. (s.v. Marline).

=marmaritin,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. _marmaritis_; Gk. μαρμαρῖτις, a plant that grows in marble quarries (Pliny).

=marmoll,= an enflamed sore, esp. on the leg. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1932. See =mortmal.=

=marrow,= a companion, partner, mate. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57, st. 40; Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 195. In common prov. use in the north to Cheshire and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Marrow, sb.^{2} 1). ME. _marwe_, ‘socius, sodalis, compar’ (Prompt.).

=marry gip= (an exclamation); ‘Marry gip, thought I, with a wanion!’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Waspe); cp. the oath, _By Mary Gipcy_ (i.e. by S. Mary of Egypt), Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1455.

=marry gup= (an exclamation); _marie gup!_, Lyly, Midas, v. 2 (Licio) See NED. (s.v. Marry, int., c).

=marry muff,= some kind of cheap textile fabric; ‘A sute of Marrymuffe’, Meeting of Gallants (NED.). Used as a derisive exclamation, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).

=Mars,= an alchemist’s name for iron. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face).

=mart:= phr. _letters of mart_, _letters of marque_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, i. 3 (Goswin); Wife for a Month, ii. 1 (Tony). See Dict. (s.v. Marque).

=martagan,= martagon, Turk’s-cap lily; _Lilium martagon_. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Aiken). F. ‘_martagon de Constantinople_, the Byzantine Lilly’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _martagone_; Turk. _martagān_, a kind of turban, a martagon-lily.

=martel,= to hammer. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 42. OF. _marteler_, deriv. of OF. _martel_, a hammer.

=martern,= the ‘marten’, an animal of the weasel kind. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); Harrison, Descript. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). See Dict. (s.v. Marten).

=martialist,= a military man. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 17.

=Martlemas,= Martinmas. St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11. Meat was often killed at this time to be salted for use at Christmas, Greene, George-a-Greene (ll. 439, 1001), ed. Dyce, p. 260, col. 1; p. 266, col. 1; _Martilmas_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; Tusser, § 12. 3. An E. Anglian form of Martinmas (EDD.).

=mary, maree,= marrow. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 66; _maree_, Golding, tr. of Met. ix. 172. ME. _mary_ (Chaucer, C. T. C. 542); _mary-bones_, marrow-bones (id., C. T. A. 380).

=maryhinchco, maryhinchcho,= a disease to which horses are subject; ‘She has had a string-halt, the maryhinchco’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Knockem). Markham explains it thus: ‘The string-halt, of some called the mary-hinchcho, is a sodaine twitching up of the horses hinder legges’ (NED.).

=mash,= to become enmeshed or entangled. Warner, Albion’s England, vi. 29, st. 27. See NED. (s.v. Mesh, vb.).

=maship,= a shorter form of _mastership_, as a term of respect. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek).

=mask,= the ‘mesh’ of a net. Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6 (Mendacio). A Cheshire pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Maske). ME. _maske_, ‘macula’ (Prompt.); OE. _max_, cp. Dan. _maske_. See NED. (s.v. Mask, sb.^{1}).

=masticot, masticote,= ‘massicot’, yellow protoxide of lead, used as a pigment. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 13; pp. 130, 132. F. _massicot_, ‘oaker [ochre] made of Ceruse, or white lead’ (Cotgr.).

=mastlin,= mixed corn, esp. a mixture of wheat and rye. Tusser, Husbandry, § 63. 23; ‘_Metail_, Messling or Masslin, Wheat and Rie mingled, sowed and used together’, Cotgrave. ME. _mestlyon_ or mongorne, ‘mixtilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). ‘Meslin’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.^{1}).

=mastlin, maslin,= a kind of brass. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 1 (Heuresis). In prov. use as an attrib.: maslin kettles, pans, pots, spoons, see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.^{2}). ME. _maslin_, also, _mestling_ (NED.); OE. _mæs_(_t_)_ling_ (B. T.).

=masty,= a mastiff. Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 4 (Witgood); used _fig._ of a cannon (from its noise). Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, iv. 1 (near the end). In prov. use in the north (EDD.). F. _mastin_, a mastive (Cotgr.); with change of suffix, cp. _haughty_ (F. _hautain_).

=matachin,= a kind of sword-dancer in a fantastic costume; ‘They looked upon one another as if they had been Matachines’, Luna’s Pursuit (NED.); see Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, ii. 435, quotation in Nares. Also, the dance performed by ‘matachins’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Miramont); spelt _mattacina_, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 38). Span. _matachin_, ‘a sword-dancer; as _dança de matachines_, a dance with swords, in which they fence and strike at one another, as if they were in earnest; receiving the blows on their bucklers, and keeping time’ (Stevens). Of Arab. origin, see Dozy, 309.

=matador,= the slayer of the bull in a Spanish bull-fight. Dryden, Span. Friar, i. 2 (Elvira). Also, in the card-games of ombre and quadrille, a ‘killing’ or principal card, Pope, Rape of the Lock, 321, 335; Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). Span. _matador_, a killer; ‘At the game of Hombre on the cards, there are four _Matadores_; that is, four murdering cards; so called because they win all others’ (Stevens).

=matchecold,= machicolated; i.e. furnished with machicolations, which are openings between the corbels that support a projecting parapet of a tower; Morte Arthur, leaf 113, back; bk. vii, c. 10 (beginning). F. _maschecoulis_, ‘the stones over a gate resembling a grate through which offensive things are thrown upon Pioneers and other assailants’ (Cotgr.).

=matchless,= of things that are not a match, or pair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 28.

=mathe,= a maggot. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 18. 8, § 45; Caxton, Reynard, xxviii (ed. Arber, 69). OE. _maða_ (Voc. 205. 8). See =mad=(=de==.=

=matted,= dulled, deprived of lustre or gloss; ‘Oile colours matted’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 12a (Appendix D. 116). See NED. (s.v. Mat, vb. 2).

=maugre,= to act in spite of, to defy. Webster, Appius, ii. 3 (App. Claudius). F. _maugréer_, ‘to curse, ban, blaspheme, revile extreamly’ (Cotgr.). See =malgrado.=

=maukin;= see =malkin.=

=maule,= a heavy hammer. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. See =mall.=

=maumet;= see =mammet.=

=maund,= to beg (Cant). ‘One that maunds Upon the pad’ [highway], B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy Canter); ‘_Maunde_, aske . . . _hygh pad_, hygh waye’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Maund on your own pads’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Hence, _maunder_, a beggar, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See EDD. (s.v. Maund, vb.). OF. _mandier_ (F. _mendier_), to beg (Bartsch), L. _mendicare_.

=maunder,= to beg. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 1 (De Vitry); hence _maunderer_: ‘a maunderer upon the pad’, a beggar on the road, Dekker and Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Teareat).

=maunder,= to grumble, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1 (Margarite). In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.).

=maundie,= a maundy-dole; hence, almsgiving. Herrick, Noble Numbers (The Widow’s Teares), st. 3. ME. _maundee_, ‘maundy’, the washing of the disciples’ feet (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 140, see note, p. 239); OF. _mandé_,’ lavement des pieds’ (Didot); Eccles. L. _mandatum_, commandment (Vulgate, John xiii. 34); ‘ablutio pedum’ (Ducange).

=mauther,= a young girl. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). Spelt _moether_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17, st. 13. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).

=maw,= a game at cards. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 16; Chapman, Mayday,