scene 9. 62 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D); ‘Luna, . . . trembling upon her

concave continent’, iv. 1 (1543); scene 11. 15 (W.); p. 172, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘Judging the concave circle of the sun To hold the rest in his circumference’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1122); scene 9. 36 (W.); p. 167, col. 1 (D.).

=contrive,= to wear out, to spend; ‘Three ages, such as mortall men contrive’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 48; Tam. Shrew, i. 2. L. _contrivi_, pt. t. of _conterere_, to wear away; cp. ‘totum hunc contrivi diem’, Terence, Hec. 5. 3. 17. Not the same word as mod. E. _contrive_. See Nares.

=conundrum,= a whim, crotchet, conceit. B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 7 (Volpone).

=convent,= to convene, summon together, summon. Coriolanus, ii. 2. 59; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17.

=convert,= to cause to return, to bring back; ‘Or if I stray he doth convert, And bring my minde in frame’, Herbert, Temple, Ps. xxiii; to turn aside from (intrans.), ‘When thou from youth convertest’, Sh. Sonn. xi.

=convertite,= a professed convert to a religious faith, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, i. 2 (Barabas); a person converted to a better course of action, King John, v. 1. 19.

=convey,= a cant term for to steal. Merry Wives, i. 3. 52; Richard II, v. 317. Hence _conveyance_, trickery, artifice, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 160.

=convince,= to overcome, overpower; ‘I will with wine and wassal so convince’, Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 21; to prove a person to be guilty, ‘Which of you convinceth mee of sinne?’ BIBLE, John viii. 46; Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 129; Webster, Appius and Virg. v. 3; Mirror for Mag., Glocester. st. 43; to refute in argument, ‘It sufficeth to convince atheism, but not to inform religion’, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 681.

=convive,= one who feasts with others, a table-companion. Beaumont, Psyche, x. 211; to feast together, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 272. F. _convive_, a guest; L. _conviva_, one who lives or feasts with others.

=cony;= see =coney.=

=cooling card,= a winning card in a card-game, that dashes the hopes of the adversary. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 84; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 2 (Flavia).

=copartiment,= a compartment, panel. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (last line). Ital. _compartimento_, a partition.

=copatain hat,= a high-crowned hat (?). Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 69; ‘A copetain hatte made on a Flemmishe blocke’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 375. Prob. the same as _copintank_, _copentank_, a high-crowned hat in the form of a sugar-loaf; ‘A high cop-tank hat,’ North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 30. See NED. (s.v. Copintank).

=cope,= a purchase, bargain. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3 (351); scene 3. 5 (W.); p. 157, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘cope’, a prov. word meaning to exchange, barter, heard in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Cope, vb.^{2} 1). Dutch _koop_, a sale, a buying. See Dict. (s.v. Cope, 3).

=copel,= a small pot made of bone-ash, used for melting gold or silver. Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, ch. iii, § 18. Spelt _coppell_, Bacon, Sylva, § 799. F. _coupelle_, ‘a Coppell, the little Ashen pot or vessel wherein Goldsmiths melt or fine their Metals’ (Cotgr.); see Estienne, Précellence, 142 (Lexique-Index, 400). _Coupelle_ is a deriv. of _coupe_, a cup. Med. L. _cuppa_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Cupel).

=copeman,= a chapman. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.). See =cope.=

=copemate, copesmate,= a person with whom one ‘copes’ or contends, an adversary. Golding, Metam. xii (ed. 1593, 279); Chapman, All Fools, ii (Valerio); a companion, comrade, Greene, Upstart Courtier (ed. 1871, 4), used _fig._ Lucrece, 925; _female copesmate_, mistress, paramour, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 10 (Knowell).

=coppe,= the top, summit. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202. 18; lf. 232, back, 26. Hence _copped_, peaked, Pericles, i. 1. 101; ‘High-copt hats’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. ME. cop: ‘the cop of the hill’ (Wyclif, Luke iv. 29). OE _copp_.

=copy,= abundance, copiousness. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 Carlo); Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Placentia). L. _copia_.

=copy,= copyhold, tenure of land ‘by copy’, i.e. according to the ‘copy’ of the manorial court-roll, used _fig._ Macbeth, iii. 2. 38.

=coracine,= a kind of fish like a perch, found in the Nile. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 10. L. _coracinus_, Gk. κορακῖνος, from κόραξ, a raven, from its black colour.

=corant;= see =courant.=

=coranto,= a quick dance. Hen. V, iii. 5. 33; Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Kickshaw). Ital. _coranto_, ‘a kinde of French dance’ (Florio); cp. F. _courante_, ‘a curranto’ (Cotgr.). See =courant.=

=corasive,= a sharp remedy, severe reproach. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 154). See =corsive.=

=corbe,= short for =corbel.= Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 6.

=corbe, courbe,= bent, crooked. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 56. ME. _courbe_ (Gower, C. A. i. 1687). F. _courbe_, L. _curvus_.

=corbed up,= (prob.) controlled, as by a curb, curbed. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo).

=cordwain,= Spanish leather, orig. made at Cordova. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 6; Drayton, Eclogues, iv. 177. Spelt _cordevan_, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, i. 1. 21. Span. _cordován_, Spanish leather (Stevens).

=coresie,= vexation, a corroding, gnawing annoyance. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 24. In prov. use in Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Corrosy). F. _corrosif_ (Cotgr.); for the change of suffix, cp. _hasty_, the E. representative of F. _hastif_. See =corsive.=

=corned,= horned, peaked, pointed; said of shoes. Skelton, Maner of the World, 26; Greene, Description of Chaucer, 13; ed. Dyce, p. 320. Cp. F. _corné_, horned (Cotgr.).

=cornel,= a little grain, granule; ‘Bread is of many _cornels_ compounded’, Conflict of Conscience, iv. 1 (Philologus); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 83.

=cornel,= a javelin made of cornel-wood. Used to translate L. _cornus_, Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 406.

=cornelian,= the fruit of the cornel-tree. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1.

=cornes,= pl. kinds of corn; corn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8, back, 4; lf. 88. 14.

=cornet,= a troop of horse; so called from its standard, which was a long horn-shapen pennon. 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 25; Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 2. 41. F. _cornette_, ‘a Cornet of Horse; the Ensign of a horse-company’ (Cotgr.).

=cornet,= a head-dress formerly worn by ladies; ‘Her cornet blacke’, Surrey, Complaint that his Ladie kept her face hidden, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 12. F. _cornette_, a horned head-dress; dim. of _corne_, a horn.

=cornet,= some kind of ornament (?); ‘With cornets at their footmen’s breeches’, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 872.

=cornuto,= a cuckold. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. Ital. _cornuto_, a cuckold; lit. ‘furnished with horns’ (Florio).

=coronal,= a wreath of flowers, a garland. Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, i. 1. 11; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53.

=coronel,= a ‘colonel’. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 656, l. 9; _lieutenant-coronel_, B. Jonson, Every Man, iii. 5 (Knowell). Span. _coronel_, Ital. _colonello_, ‘a Colonel of a Regiment’ (Florio); a deriv. of _colonna_, cp. F. _colonne_ de troupes, a column, a formation of troops narrow laterally and deep from front to rear; see Hatzfeld.

=correption,= reproof, rebuke. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 30: Augustus, § 12. L. _correptio_; deriv. of _corripere_, to reprove.

=corrigidor, corregidor,= a Spanish magistrate. Machin, Dumb Knight, v. 1 (Cyprus); Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 13. 58. See Stanford.

=corrol,= to crimson, to make like ‘coral’; ‘The . . . sunne _corrols_ his cheeke’, Herrick, A Nuptial Verse to Mistress E. Lee, 4.

=corser,= a dealer, esp. a horse-dealer. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 119. 15; spelt _courser_, Beaumont and Fl., The Captain, v. 1 (Father). ME. _corser_, Wyclif, Works (ed. 1880, p. 172); _corsowre of horse_, ‘mange’ (Prompt. 94), Anglo-F. _cossour_, A.D. 1310, see Riley’s Memorials of London, Pref., p. xxii, Med. L. _cociatorem_, a broker, factor, dealer, cp. _cocio_ (Ducange). The Ital. _cozzone_, a horse-courser (Florio), is from _coctionem_, a later form of _cocionem_, see Diez, 112.

=corsive,= for _corrosive_; anything that corrodes, grief, distress. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1. 7; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 14; Drayton, Barons’ Wars, iv. 14. See =coresie.=

=cortine,= a curtain (military term); a plain wall in a fortification; the wall between two bastions, &c. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). F. _courtine_ (_cortine_), a curtain; and (in fortification) the plainness of the wall between bulwark and bulwark (Cotgr.); in the same sense Ital. _cortina_ (Florio).

=coscinomancy,= divination by means of a sieve. From Gk. κόσκινον, a sieve; and suffix _-mancy_, as in _necro-mancy_, &c. Hence the compound _necro-puro-geo-hydro-cheiro-coscino-mancy_. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3 (Alb.), where _puro-_ should be _pyro-_. Sometimes the sieve was suspended by a thread; otherwise, it was used in conjunction with a pair of shears, as described in Brand, Popular Antiq. iii. 351; cp. Butler, Hudibras, ii, 3. 569.

=coshering,= the right claimed by Irish chiefs of quartering themselves upon their dependants. Davies, Why Ireland (ed. 1747, 169); feasting, Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier); also, _coshery_, feasting, Stanyhurst tr. Virgil, Aeneid i, 707. Spenser in his State of Ireland mentions _cosshirh_ as one of the customary services claimed by the Irish Lord (ed. Morris. 623). Ir. _cóisir_, feasting, entertainment (Dinneen). ‘In modern times coshering means simply a friendly visit to a neighbour’s house to have a quiet talk’, Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 240.

=cosier;= see =cozier.=

=cosset,= a pet lamb. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 42; also _fig._ B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Mrs. Litt.). In prov. use in Glouc., E. Anglia, and Kent, meaning a lamb or colt brought up by hand, also, an indulged child, a pet animal (EDD.).

=cost,= the rib of a ship. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Cymbal). L. _costa_ (navium) (Pliny).

=cost;= see =coast.=

=costard,= the head. Applied jocularly to the head, as being like a very large apple. ME. _costard_, an apple; lit. a ‘ribbed’ apple; from OF. _coste_, L. _costa_, a rib. Hence _costard-monger_ or _coster-monger_, orig. a seller of apples. See EDD.

=coste,= to move beside; to keep up with a hunted animal. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 19; bk. xviii, c. 19. See =coast.=

=cot, cott,= a little boat. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 9. Many places in Ireland derive their names from this ‘cot’; see Joyce. Irish Names of Places, i. 226. Still in use in the north of Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.^{4}). Irish _coit_, _coite_, a small boat, a skiff (Dinneen), Gael. _coit_, a kind of canoe used on rivers (Macleod).

=cote, coat= (in coursing), of one of two dogs running together: to pass by its fellow so as to give the hare a turn (NED.); _fig._ to pass by, to outstrip. Hamlet, ii. 2. 330; L. L. L. iv. 3. 87; Chapman, Iliad, xxiii. 324; _coat_, the action of coting, Drayton, Pol. xxiii (ed. 1748, p. 356).

=cote,= to quote. Udall, Paraph. N.T., Pref. (NED.); Middleton, A Mad World, i.2 (Cour.).

=cothurnal,= tragic; ‘Cothurnal buskins’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca). L. _cothurnus_; Gk. κόθορνος, a high boot. The _cothurnus_ was worn by actors of tragedy.

=cot-quean,= the housewife of a labourer’s hut. Nashe, Almond for Parrat, 5; a coarse, vulgar, scolding woman, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Jupiter addressing Juno); used contemptuously of a man who acts the housewife, and busies himself unduly in household matters, Romeo, iv. 4. 9; Addison, Spect. (1712) No. 482; spelt _quot-quean_, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, ii. 2. 6; _to play the cotqueane_, Heywood, Gunaik. iv. 180 (NED.). Cp. use of _cot_ and _molly-cot_ in Cheshire and Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.^{1} 1).

=Cotswold,= pronounced _Cotsal_ in Shaks., Fol. 1, Merry Wives, i. 1. 93; _a Cotsal man_, an athletic man, such as lived in the Cotswold Hills, a district famous for athletic sports, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 23; _a Cotsold lion_, a humorous expression for a sheep of that country, Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 70), iv. 6 (Merygreek). ‘As fierce as a lion of Cotswold, i.e. a sheep’, Fuller’s Worthies (Bohn’s Proverbs, 204).

=cotton:= in phr. _this geer_ (or _gear_) _will cotton_, this stuff will come to a good nap, this thing will succeed. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 8 (Thomas); Middleton, Inner Temple Masque (Second Antimasque).

=couch,= to place, arrange, order. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 6; to cause to cower, Lucrece, 507; to place a lance in rest, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 134.

=couch:= in phr. _to couch a hogshead_, to lie down and sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84.

=couchee,= an evening court-reception. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 516; ‘The King’s Couchée’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1; the equivalent of _Le Coucher du Roi_, or simply _Le Coucher_, the reception which preceded the king’s going to bed. Cp. Dict. Acad. Fr. 1786 (s.v. Coucher, s.m.), ‘Il se trouve au lever et au coucher du Roi.’ For the E. form of the word compare our _levee_ for F. _lever_, ‘réception dans la chambre d’un roi au moment où il se lève’ (Hatzfeld).

=couch-quail, to play.= The same as _to couch as a quail_; to cower, crouch down; see Thersytes, 20; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 420. Cp. Chaucer’s ‘Thou shalt make him couche as dooth a quaille’ (C. T. E. 1206).

=coul,= to trim the feather of an arrow along the top. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 128, 129, 131, 133. Cp. _cowl_, to gather, collect, scrape together, a north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, vb.^{2} 1).

=could, coud, couth,= _pt. t._, knew, knew how to. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 5; Shep. Kal., Jan., 10. (Common). See =can.=

=couleuvre,= a snake. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 92. 21; spelt _couleure_, id., lf. 91, back, 19. F. _couleuvre_.

=countant,= accountant; liable to be called upon to give account. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin).

=countenance,= bearing, demeanour, behaviour; authority, favour, credit; show of politeness. As You Like It, i. 1. 19; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 234; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 33; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (end). The senses are variable and elusive.

=counter,= an encounter. Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 207.

=counter,= a counter-tenor voice. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (3 Clown). See the context.

=counter, compter,= a prison, chiefly for debtors, attached to a city court; ‘One o’ your city pounds, the counters’, B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1 (Downright). The sheriffs of London had each his compter; one was in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street, Cheapside. There were three degrees of rooms for the prisoners: those on the Master’s side (the best), the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole (for the poorest), Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Sir Alexander). Those in the Hole were fed from ‘the basket’; see =basket.= Note that, according to Gascoigne, there were _three_ Counters, the third being in Bread Street. ‘In Woodstreat, Bredstreat, and in Pultery’, Steel Glas, 791. In Stow’s Survey of London ‘the Compter in the Poultrie’ is mentioned (ed. Thoms, p. 99), and ‘the Compter in Bread Street’ (ib., p. 131).

=counterfeit,= a likeness, portrait, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 115; Timon, v. 1. 83. Phr. _a pair of counterfeits_, used in the sense of vamps, or fore-parts of the upper leather of a shoe, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 2 (Firk).

=counterfesaunce,= counterfeiting, dissimulation. Spencer, F. Q. i. 8. 49; iv. 4. 27. OF. _contrefaisance_, counterfeiting (Godefroy).

=countermure,= to wall round, to fence in. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 7. 16. F. _contremurer_, Ital. ‘_contramurare_, to countermure’ (Florio).

=counterpoint,= a counterpane for a bed. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 353. F. ‘_contrepoinct_, a quilt, counterpoint’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Counterpane).

=counterscarf,= a ‘counterscarp’, or outer wall or slope of the ditch, which supports the covered way of a fort. Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey); vol. ii, p. 242; id. London’s Mirror, fourth Show. F. _contrescarpe_ (Rabelais), Ital. _contrascarpa_; see Estienne, Préc. 351; _scarpa_, slope of a wall.

=county,= a count, as a title, Romeo, i. 3. 105; Merch. Venice, i. 2. 48. (Frequent.)

=couped,= cut, cut clean off, with a smooth edge (in heraldry). Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 214. F. _couper_, to cut.

=coupee,= a dance step; the dancer rests on one foot, and passes the other forward or backward, with a sort of salutation. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iii. 1; Steele, Tender Husband, iii. 1 (Mrs. Clerimont). F. _coupé_, ‘mouvement par lequel on coupe un espace; (Danse) Pas composé d’un plié avec changement de pied suivi d’un glissé’ (Hatzfeld).

=cour,= to cover; _Pt. t._, _courd_; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 9. See NED. (s.v. Cover).

=courant,= a dance with a running or gliding step; a coranto. Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). See =coranto.=

=courant, corant,= an express message; a newspaper. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Underwoods, lxi. 81. F. _courant_, running, a runner; from _courir_, to run.

=coursing,= succession in due ‘course’. Only in the following passage: ‘My Ladye Mary and my Ladye Elizabeth . . . by succession and course are inheritours to the crowne. Who yf they shulde mary with straungers, what should ensue God knoweth. But God graunt they never come vnto _coursyng_ nor succedynge.’ Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 30).

=courteau;= see =curtal.=

=court holy-water,= a proverbial phrase for flattery, and fine words without deeds; ‘Court holy-water in a dry house is better than this rainwater out o’ door’, King Lear, iii. 2. 10; ‘Her unperformed promise was the first court holy-water which she sprinkled amongst the people’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. viii. 1. 6; ‘Court-holy-water, _Promissa rei expertia, fumus aulicus_’, Coles, 1699; ‘_Eau beniste de cour_, court holy-water, fair words, flattering speeches’, Cotgrave. See Nares.

Also, =court holy bread;= ‘He feeds thee with nothing but court holy bread, good words’, Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (M. Honeysuckle).

=courtnoll, courtnold,= a contemptuous term for a courtier. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 516; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 51 From _court_, and _noll_, the head, hence, a person (_nowl_ in Shakespeare).

=court-passage,= a game at dice. Middleton, Women beware, ii. 2 (Guardiano). See =passage.=

=coustreling,= a lad, knave, groom. Only in Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Merygreek). See =coistril.=

=covenable,= fit, suitable, becoming, of becoming appearance; ‘A sonne called Philip, a right covenable and gracious man’, Berners, Froissart, ccclxxix. 635; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 11, § 6. OF. and Prov. _convenable_ (_cov-_). ME. _covenable_, fit, proper, suitable, agreeable (Chaucer).

=covent,= a ‘convent’. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 849; Meas. for M. iv. 3. 133. ME. _covent_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1827). The old form remains in ‘Covent Garden’. Anglo-F. _cuvent_ (Rough List).

=cover:= phr. _be covered_, put on your hat. As You Like It, v. 1. 18; Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). (There are endless compliments about wearing a hat in old plays.)

=covert:= phr. _under covert-baron_, in the condition of a woman who is protected by her husband. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (Miss N.); _under covert-barn_, under protection, Phoenix, iii. 1 (Falso). Anglo-F. _feme couverte baroun_, for _couverte de baroun_, a woman protected by her husband (Rough List). See Cowell, Interp. (s.v. Coverture).

=covetise,= covetousness. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle); Kyd, Cornelia, i. l. 26. ME. _covetyse_, ‘avaricia’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. _coveitise_, cp. Ital. _cupidigia_ (Dante).

=cowardry,= cowardice. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 511; _cowardree_, Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 986.

=cowith,= the commonest form of Welsh bardic verse, Drayton, Pol. iv. 183 (notes 59 and 67). Wel. _cywydd_.

=cowl-staff, coul-staff, cole-staff,= a stout pole orig. used for carrying a ‘cowl’ or tub, esp. a water-tub; ‘Cudgels, colestaves’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio); Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; Select Records Oxford, 92. _Cowl_, for a large tub or barrel, is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, sb.^{2} 1 and 2). ME. _cowle_ (Prompt., in Harl. MS.).

=cowshard,= a piece of cowdung. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 19; ‘_Bouse de vache_, the dung of a cow, a cow-shard’, Cotgrave. In use in Yorks., Lanc., Derby., and Wilts. (EDD.).

=coxcomb,= a fool’s cap; lit. _cock’s comb_. King Lear, i. 4. 105; also jocularly, the head, ib. ii. 4. 125.

=coy,= to render quiet, appease. Palsgrave; to stroke soothingly, to caress, Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 2; _to coy it_, to behave coyly, to affect shyness, Massinger, New Way, iii. 2. OF. _coi_, still, quiet, O. Prov. _quet_, ‘coi, tranquille’ (Levy), Romanic type _quetu-_, L. _quiētum_. See =quoying.=

=coystrel.= In Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1119, a corrupt form of ‘kestrel’ (a base kind of hawk).

=coystril;= see =coistril.=

=cozier, cosier,= a cobbler. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 97; ‘A cosier or cobler, _remendón_’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. 1599. OF. _cousere_, a seamster, one who sews (Godefroy), _couseör_, acc., O. Prov. _cozedor_, ‘couturier’ (Levy); deriv. from _cosere_, to sew, Romanic type representing L. _consuere_, to sew together; see Hatzfeld.

=craboun,= corrupt form of ‘carbine’. ‘Discharge thy craboun’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Ingenioso).

=craccus,= a kind of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Trimtram); Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia); where ed. 1625 has _cracus_ (mod. ed. _crocus_). NED. suggests that the word means tobacco of Caraccas, in Venezuela.

=crack,= a pert, forward boy. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induct. (3 Child); Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Usher). Hence _your crackship_, address to a page, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). _Crack-halter_, playfully ‘a rogue’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 30; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song). Also _crack-hempe_, Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 46; and _crack-rope_, ‘_Baboin_, a crack-rope, wag-halter, unhappie rogue, retchlesse villaine’, Cotgrave; Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88 (Hazlitt, iv. 68).

=crack,= to talk big, boast, brag. L. L. L. iv. 3. 268; spelt _crake_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 50; Sir Thos. More, i. 2. 29. Hence _cracker_, boaster, King John, ii. 1. 147. The vb. _crack_ in this sense is in prov. use in Scotland and in England in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia. ME. _crakyn_, to boast; ‘_crakere_, bost-maker’ (Prompt. EETS. 393).

=crack,= to damage, impair. Phr. _cracked within the ring_, said of a coin cracked at the rim; but constantly used with reference to impaired virginity. Hamlet, ii. 2. 448; Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo). The _ring_ was the inmost circle around the inscription; a piece cracked _within_ that ring could be legally refused, and was no longer current.

=crackmans,= a hedge. (Cant.) ‘At the crackmans’, beside the hedge, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See NED.

=crag,= the neck. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 82, Sept., 45. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Crag, sb.^{3}).

=craggue,= a lean, scraggy person. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 150.

=crake;= see =crack.=

=crambe,= cabbage, in literary use only _fig._, and gen. in reference to the L. phrase _crambe repetita_, cabbage served up again, applied by Juvenal (Sat. vii. 154) to any tedious repetition. ‘Our Prayers . . . the same Crambe of words’, Milton, Animadv. ii.; Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, last §. Gk. κράμβη, a kind of cabbage.

=crambe, crambo,= a game in which one player gives a word or a line of a poem to which each of the others has to find a rime; if any one repeated a previous suggestion he had to pay a forfeit; ‘Crambe, another of the Divells games’, B. Jonson, Devill an Ass, v. 5; ‘Playing at Crambo in the waggon’, Pepys, Diary (May 20, 1660).

†=cramocke,= a crooked stick. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 6. Corrupt form of =cammock.=

=cramp-ring,= a ring supposed to be a remedy against cramp, falling sickness, and the like; esp. one of those which the Kings of England used to hallow on Good Friday for this purpose. Boorde, Introd. (ed. Furnivall, p. 121); Berners, Letter in Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1813, l. 129); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.); Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 1 (Moth).

=cramp-stone,= the stone in a ‘cramp-ring’. Massinger, The Picture, v. 1.

=cranewes,= pl., embrasures between battlements; crannies, apertures. ‘Cranewes of the walls of the city’; North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 131); id., M. Antonius, § 42 (in Shak. Plut., p. 222). OF. _creneaux_, pl. of _crenel_, a battlement, an embrasure, see Estienne, Préc. 358.

=Cranion,= a proper name given to a fly, the charioteer of Queen Mab; ‘Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon her coach-box getting’, Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 17. _Sir Cranion-legs_, thin legs, like a fly or spider; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous).

=crank,= lively, brisk, merry; also as _adv._; ‘_Joyeux_, as crank as a cock-sparrow’, Cotgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 46; Middleton, Trick to Catch the Old One, i. 3 (end); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory); Sea-Voyage, iv. 3. 2. _Crank_ is used in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crank, adj.^{2}). _Crankly_, briskly, Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 552).

=crank,= a beggar who shams illness. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4. See Harman, Caveat, p. 51. Du. _krank_, ill, sick.

=crank,= to run in a winding course, to twist and turn about. Venus and Ad. 682; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 98; a winding path, Coriolanus, i. 1. 143; _cranks_, pl. bends, turnings, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 28; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 52.

=crankle,= to twist and turn about. Drayton, Pol. vii. 198; xii. 572; ‘_Serpenter_, to wriggle, wagle, crankle’, Cotgrave. A Leicestersh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Crankling).

†=crapish= (meaning unknown); ‘Scandalous and crapish’, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (3 W.). Only in this place.

=crash,= a merry bout, a revel. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 2. 5. See EDD. (s.v. Crash, sb.^{1} 4).

=cratch,= a crib, manger; ‘The Coffin of our Christmas Pies in shape long is in imitation of the Cratch’, Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 33); ‘Cratche for hors or oxen, _creche_’, Palsgrave; ‘_Presepio_, a cratch, a rack, a manger, a crib or a critch’, Florio. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cratch sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _cracche_ (_cratche_), so Wyclif, Is. i. 3, and Luke ii. 7. OF. _creche_, O. Prov. _crepia_, _crepcha_ (Levy).

=cratch,= to scratch; ‘I cratche with my nayles’, Palsgrave. ME. _cracche_, to scratch (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2834.).

=craze,= to break, crack, burst. Richard III, iv. 4. 17; ‘Craze bars’, Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 4 (Bess); ‘God will craze their chariot wheels’, Milton, P. L. xii. 210. Still in use in the west country in the sense of to ‘crack’, said of glass, china, or church bells (EDD.).

=creak;= see =cry creak.=

=creancer, creauncer,= one to whom is entrusted the charge of another; a guardian; a tutor. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 129, l. 102; id. Garl. of Laurell, 1226. Deriv. of OF. _creance_, belief, trust, Med. L. _credentia_, ‘fides data’ (Ducange).

=creeking;= see =kreking.=

=creeple,= a cripple. BIBLE, Acts xiv. 8 (1611). ME. _crepel_, _crepul_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. 1458). OE. _crēopel_, a cripple (B. T., Suppl. s.v. _crypel_).

=creme,= chrism, the sacred oil used for anointing kings at coronation; ‘A kynge enoynted with creme’, Morte Arthur, leaf 202. 36; bk. ix, c. 39. ME. _creme_, chrism, OF. _creme_, _cresme_ (mod. _chrême_). L. _chrisma_, Gk. χρῖσμα, anointing oil.

=cres’,= a crest. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 351. A peculiar form, to rime with _grease_. See Dict. (s.v. Crease).

=crescive,= growing. Hen. V, i. 1. 66.

=crevis,= a crayfish. Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. ‘Crevisse’ is a north-country word (EDD.). OF. _crevice_, _crevisse_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Écrevisse).

=crib= (Cant); ‘To fill up the crib and to comfort the quarron’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Meaning doubtful. Perhaps the same word as _crib_, a manger; used _fig._ for the stomach as a place for provender.

=crimp,= an obsolete card-game. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Lady L.). See NED.

=crinet,= a hair. Gascoigne, Works, i. 101. Dimin. of F. _crin_, hair; L. _crinis_.

=cringle-crangle,= _adj._, winding, curled; ‘Cringle-crangle horns’ (i.e. bugles), Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio).

=crippin,= part of a hood for ladies. Spelt _crepine_, _crespine_. Lyly, Mydas, i. 2 (Licio). F. _crespine_, ‘the Crepine of a French hood’ (Cotgr.).

=crisled, crizzled,= roughened, shrivelled with cold. Ford, Sun’s Darling, v. 1 (Winter). In Northampton, water that is slightly frozen is ‘just _crizzled_ over’, see EDD. (s.v. Crizzle).

=crispie,= rippled, rippling; ‘Thy crispie tides’, Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 2. 15.

=croach,= to grasp, seek after; ‘My life and th’ empire he did croach and crasse’, Mirror for Mag., Geta, st. 10. Hence, _croacher_, a seeker after. In compound _crowne-croachers_, Mirror for Mag., Rudacke, Lennoy, st. 2. OF. _crocher_, to catch with a hook.

=croches,= the ‘buds’ or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn; ‘These little buddes or broches which are about the toppe are called Croches’, Turbervile, Hunting, 54; Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 194.

=crocheteur,= a porter. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iii. 2 (Longueville). F. _crocheteur_, ‘a porter or common burthen-bearer’; _crochet_, ‘a hook; _le crochet d’un crocheteur_, the forke or crooked staffe, used by a porter’ (Cotgr.).

=crock,= to put by in a crock or pot. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2. 2.

=crockling,= a croaking noise; used of the noise made by cranes. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 265.

=crofte,= a crypt; ‘A crofte under the mynster’, Morte Arthur, leaf 258*, back, 18; bk. xvii, c. 18. Du. _krocht_, _krochte_. Med. L. _crupta_ (Ducange), L. _crypta_; Gk. κρυπτή, a crypt, a place of hiding.

=croisado,= a crusade; ‘Your great croisado general’ (i.e. the general of your great crusade), Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 1200.

=crome,= a long stick with a hook at the end of it; ‘Long cromes’, Paston Letters, no. 77; vol. i, p. 106 (1872); Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 19. In prov. use in E. Anglia (EDD.). Cp. Du. _kramme_, ‘a hooke, or a grapple’ (Hexham).

=crone,= an old ewe. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 4; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 63. An E. Anglian and Essex word, see EDD. (s.v. Crone, sb.^{1} 1).

=cronet,= a coronet. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 48, l. 51. Also, a part of the armour of a horse; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Works, ed. Dyce, vi. 261).

=croshabell,= a courtesan. Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 616, last line; and in a title, p. 615, col. 1. A Kentish word (EDD.).

=croslet, crosslet,= a crucible. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 3; B. Jonson, Alchem., i. 1 (Face). ME. _croslet_ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1147). Dimin. of OF. _crosel_, O. Prov. _cruzol_, crucible (Levy).

=cross,= a piece of money; many coins had a cross on one side. As You Like It, ii. 4. 12; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 257.

=cross and pile,= the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and (or) tail; hence, sometimes, a coin, money; ‘He had neither cross nor pile’, Sidney, Disc. Govt. (ed. 1704, p. 362); head or tail, i.e. ‘tossing up’, to decide anything doubtful; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 2 (Ranger); Return from Parnassus, ii. 1. 768; A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 8 (Clare). Anglo-F. ‘jewer (jouer) _a cros a Pil_,’ A.D. 1327, see NED. ‘Les pièces de monnaie portaient une croix sur leur face, d’où l’expression: n’avoir _ni croix ni pile_’ (to have neither cross nor pile), see Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais (s.v. Croix).

=cross-bite,= to bite in return, to cheat. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2. 279; iii. 3. 129. Hence, _cross-biter_, a swindler, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Goldstone).

=cross-lay,= a cheating wager. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 542.

=cross-point,= a particular step in dancing. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers); Greene, King James IV, iv. 3 (Slipper, l. 1638).

=cross-row,= the alphabet; ‘And from the Crosse-row pluckes the letter G’, Richard III, i. 1. 55. Short for _Christ-cross-row_, so called from the figure of the cross (✠) formerly prefixed to it. Still in use in Essex, acc. to EDD. (s.v. Cross, II. (45)). See =Christ-cross.=

=cross-tree,= the gallows; ‘A cross-tree that never grows’ [because made of dead wood], Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone); the cross, Herrick, Noble Numbers, His Anthem to Christ, l. 14.

=crotch,= the fork of the human body, where the legs join the trunk. Greene, Verses against the Gentlewomen of Sicilia, l. 12; ed. Dyce, p. 316. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Crotch, sb.^{1}). OF. (Picard) _croche_, ‘entaillure’ (La Curne).

=croteys,= the dung of hares and rabbits; ‘Of Hares and Coneys, they are called _Croteys_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37, p. 97. F. _crottes_, ‘the dung, excrements or ordure of Sheep, Conies, Hares, etc.’ (Cotgr.).

=crouse, crowse,= brisk, lively, merry, Drayton, Eclogue vii, 73; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (1 Beggar). In common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crouse, adj.^{1} 4).

=crow,= the well-known bird. In alchemy, at a certain stage of the work, there would sometimes be an appearance like a crow; it was considered a very favourable sign; see B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=crowchmas,= the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3. Tusser, § 50. 36; _Crowchemesse Day_; Paston Letters, no. 472, end (ii. 132, 1872). ‘At Crowchmesse, _a la saincte Croyx_’, Palsgrave. ME. _cruche_, the cross of Christ; ‘Crepe to cruche on lange fridai’, Trin. Coll. Hem. 95 (NED.); ‘And meny crouche on hus cloke’, P. Plowman, C. viii. 167; _cruche_, id., B. v. 529; _cros_, id., A. vi. 13. We may perhaps compare OF. _croche_, the Picard form of OF. _croce_, a crosier; Ch. Rol. 1670; Med. L. _crocia_, _crochia_, ‘baculus pastoralis’ (Ducange).

=crown of the sun,= a French gold coin. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Mont.); ‘_Escu sol_, a crown of the sun; the best kind of crown that is now made’, Cotgrave.

=crowner,= a coroner. Hamlet, v. 1. 4. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=crow-trodden,= abused, humiliated. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 4 (Rutilio). See NED. (s.v. Crow-tread).

=cruddes,= curds; ‘A messe of cruddes’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 18; ‘Cruddes, _coagulum_’, Levins, Manip.; Baret, Alvearie. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crud). _Crud_ is related to _crowd_, to press close, see EDD. (s.v. Crowd, vb.^{1} 3).

=crudded,= reduced to a curd-like mass, Heywood, Silver Age (Cerberus). ME. _cruddyd_, ‘coagulatus’ (Prompt.).

=cruddle, crudle,= to curdle; ‘Cruddled me like cheese’, BIBLE, Job x. 10 (1611); Beaumont and Fl., The False One, iii. 2. 2; King and No King, i. 1; Marston, Antonia, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=crumenall;= ‘The fat oxe that wont ligge in the stall, Is now fast stalled in her (=their) crumenall’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 119. Apparently in sense ‘purse’ or ‘pouch’ (NED.).

=crusoile,= a crucible. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers). OF. _croisuel_. See Hatzfeld (s.v. Creuset).

=cruzado, crusado,= the name of a Portuguese gold coin, of variable value. Othello, iii. 4. 26; White Devil (Vittoria), ed. Dyce, p. 23. So called from the cross on one side of it.

=cry:= phr. _a cry of hounds_, a pack of hounds. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella). Hence _cry_, a pack (of hounds), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 128; _cry of curs_, pack of curs, Cor. iii. 3. 120. _Without all cry_, beyond all description, Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 4.

=cry creak,= to confess oneself beaten or in error; to give up the contest, to give in. Thersites, 100 (ed. Pollard, Misc. Plays); Tusser, Husbandry, § 47. 2; T. Watson, Centuries of Love, i (ed. Arber, 37); Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88; ‘_Palinodiam canere_, to turne taile, to cry creake’, Withal, Dict. (ed. 1634).

=cucking-stool,= an engine for the punishment of scolds, by ducking them in the water. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Quarlous); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 740. See Cowell, Interpreter, 1637; Brand, Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 641).

=cuckquean,= a female cuckold. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 606 (Latin text); ed. 1603. Spelt _cockqueene_; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 4, st. 1.

=cuck-stool,= an old punishment for scolds; the offender was fastened in a kind of chair, and exposed to be jeered at, or was ducked in water. Also called a =cucking-stool,= q.v. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1 (Petronius), Middleton, Fam. of Love, v. 1 (Glister).

=cucurbite,= a kind of retort used in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). Shaped like a gourd, L. _cucurbita_.

=cudden,= a born fool, dolt. Dryden, Cymon, 179; Sir Martin Mar-all, v. 3. Wycherley, Gentl. Dancing-master, iv. 1.

=cue,= a small portion. ‘A cue of bread and a cue of beer’, Middleton, The Black Book (near the end). ‘_Cue_, halfe a farthing, so called because they set down in the Battling or Butterie Books the letter _q_ for half a farthing,’ Minsheu; ‘Not worthe a cue’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 36; ‘Worth ii. kues,’ id., Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 232. _Q._ for L. _quadrans_, the smallest coin. See =cee.=

=cuerpo, in,= in hose and doublet, without a cloak; stripped of the upper garment so as to display the body. Ben Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1. 26. Span. _en cuerpo_, having nothing on but the shirt; _cuerpo_, body. See Stanford.

=cullisen, cullison,= ignorant pronunciations of cognisance. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Sogliardo); a badge, id., Case is altered, iv. 4 (Onion). See NED. (s.v. Cullisance).

=cully,= a dupe, a simpleton. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 781; Otway, Cheats of Scapin, i. 1 (Scapin). [To make a fool of, to take in, Pope, Wife of Bath, 161.]

=culm,= summit; ‘On giddy top and culm’, Misfortunes of Arthur, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 313. G. _kulm_, a mountain-top; L. _culmen_.

=culme,= soot, smut. Golding, Metam. ii. 232; fol. 18, bk. (1603); as adj. sooty, black, id. vii. 529; fol. 86, bk. The same word as _coom_, coal-dust, soot, dirt,’ in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Coom, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _culme_ (_colme_), ‘fuligo’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 477).

=culver-down,= dove’s down. Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1 (Epire). OE. _culfre_, a dove.

=curats,= a piece of armour for the body, a cuirass; ‘He casts away his curats and his shield’, Harington, Orl. Fur.; spelt _curets_, Chapman, Iliad iii, 343. Treated as pl., with a sing. _curat_, Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 34. Cp. Ital. _corazza_, a cuirass (Florio). See Dict.

=curber,= a thief who hooks things through a window; an angler. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). From _curb_, a cant word for a hook, see NED.

=curiosity,= nicety, fastidiousness, excessive, scrupulousness. Massinger, City Madam, i. 1 (Tradewell); ‘Concerning the enterring of her . . . I pray you let the same be performed without all curiositie and superstition’, Holland’s Plutarch, Morals, 533 (Bible Word-Book).

=curiousness,= punctilious scrupulousness. Massinger, Parl. of Love, i. 4 (Chamont); Unnat. Combat, iii. 4 (Beauf. Junior).

=curry,= a ‘quarry’, i.e. slaughtered game. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 145, 693. OF. _cuiree_, intestines of a slain animal; the part given to the hounds, so called because wrapped in the skin (_cuir_); O. Prov. _corada_, ‘entrailles’ (Levy). See NED. (s.v. Quarry, sb.^{1}).

=curry-favell,= one who solicits favour by flattery. Puttenham, _Eng. Poesie_, iii. 24 (ed. Arber, 299); ‘Curryfavell, a flatterer, _estrille faveau_’, Palsgrave; altered to _curry-favour_, ‘A number of prodigal currie favours’, Holinshed, Chron. ii. 144 (NED.); _Curriedow_, a curry-favour or flatterer, Phillips. In earlier English ‘Favel’ occurs as the proper name of a fallow-coloured horse. The fallow horse was proverbial as the type of hypocrisy and duplicity, with reference to the ‘equus pallidus’ of Apoc. vi. 8, which was explained as representing the hypocrites who gain a reputation for sanctity by the ascetic pallor of their faces (see Rom. Rose, 7391-8). With the phrase ‘to curry favel’ cp. OF. _estriller_, _torcher Fauvel_, adopted in German: _den fahlen Hengst streichen_. See NED. (s.v. Favel) for origin, and see =Favell.=

=cursen,= Christian; ‘As I am a cursen man’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, iv. 6 (Carter); ‘By my Cursen soule’, Brome, Sparagus Gard. iii. 7; ‘We be Cursenfolke’, id. iv. 5; _cursen name_, Christian name, Mrs. Behn, Feign’d Curtizan, i. 2; to christen, baptize; _cursen’d_, pp. christened, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan). For the pronunciation, see EDD. (s.v. Christen).

=curst,= cross, ill-tempered. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 185; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 3 (Arethusa). In prov. use in the north and in the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Curst, 2).

=curtal,= having a docked tail; ‘Curtal dog’, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 114; said of a horse, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65. ‘Docke your horse tayle, and make hym a courtault’, Palsgrave; in form _courteau_, a horse with a docked tail, used as a term of derision, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Anaides). OF. _courtaut_, ‘écourté’ (Hatzfeld); _courtault_, ‘cheval ou chien de courte taille. On appelait aussi _courtault_ le chien ou le cheval qui avait la queue coupée’ (Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais).

=curtana,= the sword of mercy, a pointless sword, carried before our kings at a coronation. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. See Ducange, s.v. The name of the legendary sword of ‘Ogier le Danois’ was _Courtain_.

=cushes,= ‘cuisses’, pieces, of armour protecting the thighs. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 105 (1596); Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, v. 1. 15.

=cushion:= phr. _to miss the cushion_, to make a mistake. Lit. to sit down amiss. ‘Whan he weneth to syt, Yet may he mysse the quysshon’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 998; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 24.

=cushion-cloth,= a cushion-case or cover. Middleton, Women beware Women, iii. 1 (Bianca); _cusshencloth_, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 475.

=custard-politic,= a large custard prepared for the Lord Mayor’s feast. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Lick.).

=customer,= a custom-house officer, ‘publicanus’. Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. on Mark, ii. 22; Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). In use in this sense in Scotland (EDD.).

=cut,= a lot; he who drew the shortest (or rarely, the longest) of some pieces of stick or paper drew the lot. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induction (2 Child, and 3 Child). ME. _cut_, lot (Chaucer, C. T. A. 845). Probably unconnected with the vb. ‘to cut’, see NED.

=cut,= a dog or horse with a cut or docked tail; hence, a term of abuse applied to a man. ‘Call me cut’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 203 (cp. ‘call me horse’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215); London Prodigal, ii. 4. 41. _Cut_, a common horse, Merry Devil, i. 3. 141; Dauncaster _cuttys_, Doncaster nags, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 296. See =cut and longtail.=

=cut:= phr. _to keep cut_, to be coy, to be on one’s best behaviour; ‘Phyllyp, kepe youre cut’, Skelton, P. Sparowe, 119; ‘To keep cut with his mother’, i.e. to be coy like her, to follow her example, Middleton, More Dissemblers, i. 4 (Dondolo). See NED. (s.v. Cut, sb.^{2} 34).

=cut and longtail,= dogs or horses (or men) of every kind; i.e. those that are docked and those whose tails are allowed to grow. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 44; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 68.

=cut bene whids,= to speak good words, speak fair. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See Harman, Caveat, p. 84.

=cut over,= to pass straight across; ‘Caligula lying in Fraunce . . . intended to cutte over, and invade Englande’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 16.

=cutchy,= a ‘coach-y’; a driver of a coach; ‘Make thee [a] poor Cutchy’ (cp. _coach_ in the preceding line), Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor).

=cute,= a cur; ‘Some yelping Cute’, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 340; explained by ‘a cur’ in the margin. It is probably merely a variant of _cut_, a short-tailed dog; see =cut and longtail.=

=cutted,= abrupt, snappish, sharp in reply. Middleton, Women beware, iii. 1. 4. Used in this sense in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).

=cutter,= a cut-throat, bully, bravo. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory). Hence, title of the play by Cowley, The Cutter of Coleman Street. With a quibble upon _cutting_, Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 (Simon).

=cutting,= swaggering. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 (516); scene 5. 19 (W.); p. 159, col. 1 (D.).

=cutting,= cheating. Marston, Dutch Courtesan, ii. 3 (end).

=cutwork,= open work in linen, cut out by hand. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 777 (ed. Arber, p. 71); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 2 (Lopez).

=cymar,= a loose light garment for women. Dryden, Virgil, Aeneid iv, 196; Cymon, 100. See =symarr.=

=cynarctomachy,= a word invented by Butler (Hudibras, i. 1. 752) to signify a battle between a bear and dogs. Gk. κύων, a dog, ἄρκτος, a bear, μάχη, a fight.

=cypers grass,= the sweet cyperus or galingale. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey iv. 802. GK. κύπειρον, a sweet-smelling marsh-plant (Od. iv. 603).

=cypress,= a textile fabric, esp. a light transparent material resembling cobweb lawn or crape; when black much used for mourning. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 131; _cypress lawn_, Milton, Penseroso, 35. Probably fr. OF. _Cipre_, the island of Cyprus.

D

=dabbing down,= hanging down like wet clothes, in a dabbled state. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 359.

=dade,= to walk with tottering steps, to toddle, like an infant learning to walk. Drayton, Pol. i. 295; xiv. 289. Still in use in Leicestersh. and Warwicksh. (EDD.).

=dædale,= ingenious, skilful. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; also, variously adorned (cp. daedala tellus, Lucret. i. 7), id., iv. 10. 45. L. _daedalus_, Gk. δαίδαλος, skilful.

=daff,= to put off, put aside. A variant of _doff_, to do off, put off. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 96; and elsewhere in Shakespeare.

=daff,= a simpleton; a coward; ‘(The Bishop of Llandaff) answers, The _daffe_ is here, but the _land_ is gone’, Harrison, Descr. England, bk. ii, ch. ii (ed. Furnivall, 58). In prov. use in both senses in Yorks. (EDD.). ME. _daf_: ‘I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4208).

=daffysh,= foolish. Morte Arthur, leaf 205. 10; bk. ix, c. 13. In prov. use in Derbysh., Warwicksh., and W. Midlands in the sense of sheepish (EDD.).

=dag,= a small pistol; ‘This gun? a dag?’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Lucio); Arden of Fev. iii. 6. 9; ‘_Pistolet_, a pistolet, a dag, or little pistol’, Cotgrave.

=Dagonet,= a foolish young knight. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ginet). Sir Dagonet was a foolish knight in the court of Arthur; see 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 300: ‘Sir Dagonet in Arthur’s show’.

=dagswain, daggeswane,= a rough coverlet. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2195. ME. _daggeswayn_, ‘lodex’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 528).

=dain,= disdain; hence, ignominy; ‘A deepe daine’, Lyly, Sappho, v. 1; ‘dennes of daine’, Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 31. Cp. F. _dain_, dainty, fine, curious (Cotgr.). (The word in England seems to have developed a subst. meaning of ‘squeamishness’, ‘stand-offishness’.)

=dain,= to disdain. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Venus); iii. (Medea).

=dalliance,= hesitation, delay. 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 5; Virgin-Martyr, iv. 1 (Sapritius). See Dict. (s.v. Dally).

=damassin,= damson. Bacon, Essay 46. F. _damaisine_, ‘a Damascene, or damson plumb’ (Cotgr.).

=damnify,= to injure. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 52; ii. 6. 3. Common in this sense in East Anglia and America (EDD.).

=damps,= dumps, fits of melancholy. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 118.

=dandiprat,= a small coin worth 3 halfpence, first coined by Henry VII (of unknown origin). Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). Also, a dwarf, page; applied to Cupid (!) in Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. p. 41 (ed. Arber); as also in Shirley, Arcadia, i. 3 (Dametas).

=danger:= phr. _to be in_ (or _within_) _one’s danger_, to be in one’s debt, or under an obligation, or in one’s power, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, i. 2 (Charalois); cp. Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 180; King John, iv. 8. 84. In ME. _in daunger_, within a person’s jurisdiction, under his control, at his disposal (Chaucer). OF. _dangier_, the absolute authority of a feudal lord (Godefroy), Romanic type _domniarium_, deriv. of L. _dominus_ (Hatzfeld). See Trench, Select Glossary.

=Dansk,= Danish. Webster, White Devil (Giovanni), ed. Dyce, p. 13. Also used to mean Denmark, Drayton, Polyolb. bk. xi. Dan. _Dansk_, Danish.

=dant,= a worthless, talkative woman. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 515. Du. _dante_, or _dantelorie_, ‘a base babling woman’; _danten_, ‘to bable’ (Hexham).

=dappard,= dapper. Triumphs of Love and Fortune, iv. 1 (Lentulo); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 198.

=daps,= pl. habits, ways, peculiarities. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 447. See EDD. (s.v. Dap, sb. 11).

=darby,= money. (Cant.) ‘The ready, the darby’, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). Prob. with reference to _Darby_, a money-lender; see below.

=Darby’s bands,= supposed to have orig. meant a very strict bond exacted by some usurer of that name; see NED. (Later it meant fetters.) ‘If all be too little, both goods and lands, I know not what will please you, except Darby’s bands’, Marriage of Wit and Science (licensed in 1569-70), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 362; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 787 (ed. 1576).

=dare,= to terrify, paralyse with fear. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Evadne); _to dare larks_, to daze them in order to catch them, Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 282; ‘Never hobby so dared a lark’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896, iii. 390). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dare, vb.^{2} 3).

=dare,= to injure, hurt. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 406; Tusser, Husbandry, 8. In prov. use in the north of England and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Dare, vb.^{3}). OE. _derian_, to hurt, deriv. of _daru_, hurt.

=darkling,= in the dark. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 86; King Lear, i. 4. 237.

=darkmans,= a cant term for night. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=darnex carpet,= a Dornick carpet. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Jaques). ‘Dornick’ is the Flemish name of Tournay.

=darraigne battle,= to set the battle in array. Heywood, Sallust’s Jugurtha, 20; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 40; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 72; ‘To darraine a triple warre’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 26. ME. _darreyne the bataille_, to fight out the battle, to bring it to a decisive issue (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1631). ‘Darraigne’ is really a law-term, Anglo-F. _darreiner_, _dereiner_, to answer an accusation, to exculpate oneself (Rough List); Med. L. _disrationare_ (Ducange).

=darreine,= brazen; ‘The Darreine Tower’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Neptune); vol. iii, p. 55; (4 Beldam), p. 61; also called ‘the tower of Darreine’ (4 lines higher). The reference is to the brazen tower in which Danae was enclosed. F. _d’arain_, of brass (Cotgr.). (‘Darrain’ occurs nine times in Caxton, Hist. of Troye, with reference to the same story; the phrase _tour of darrain_ is on leaf 62.)

=dart, Irish,= a dart frequently carried by an Irish running footman. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).

=daunt,= to bring into subjection, subdue, tame; ‘It daunts whole kingdoms and cities’, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2 (NED.); to daze, stupefy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18. In prov. use in the sense of ‘to tame’, also, in E. Anglia, ‘to stun, knock down’ (EDD.). ME. _daunten_, to tame (P. Plowman, B. xv. 393. Anglo-F. _daunter_ (Bozon). See Dict.

=daunted down,= beaten down, subdued. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, Third Song, st. 18.

=daw,= a (supposed) foolish bird; _fig._ a foolish person. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 18; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 48. So used in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, sb.^{1} 2).

=daw,= to frighten, subdue. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). See =adaw.=

=daw,= to arouse, awaken. Drayton, Pol. vi. 112. So used in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, vb. 2); a trans. use of ME. _dawen_, _dawyn_, ‘auroro’ (Prompt.), OE. _dagian_, to become day.

=daw up,= to cheer up, revive. Greene, James IV, v. 1 (Lady A.). See above.

=day-bed,= a couch, sofa. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 6 (Estifania); iii. 1 (Margarita).

=dayesman, daysman,= a judge, an umpire. BIBLE, Job ix. 33; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 28; ‘Daysman, _arbitre_’, Palsgrave; New Custom, i. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 14.

=dead pay,= pay continued to a dead soldier, taken by dishonest officers for themselves. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby).

=deane,= ‘din’, noise. Golding, Metam. xii. 316 (L. _fremitu_); fol. 147 (1603). ‘Dean’ is an E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _dene_, noise (P. Plowman), a dialect form of _dyne_ (ib.), OE. _dyne_.

=deane,= a strong, offensive smell; ‘The breath of Lions hath a very strong deane and stinking smell’, Holland, Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 53. In prov. use in Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Dain). OE. *_déan_, corresponding to Icel. _daunn_, a smell, esp. a bad smell.

=deare,= harm; see =dere.=

=dearne, dearnful, dearnly;= see =dern, dernful, dernly.=

=debate,= to combat, fight. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 6; Lucrece, 1421. F. _debatre_, ‘to debate, contend’, (Cotgr.).

=debel,= to conquer in war, defeat. Milton, P. R. iv. 605; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 8, st. 53. L. _delellare_ (Virgil).

=debenter,= a voucher given in the Exchequer certifying to the recipient the sum due to him, a ‘debenture’. Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77. See Dict.

=deboshed,= debased, corrupted, ‘debauched’. Temp. iii. 2. 29; King Lear, i. 4. 263; vilified, All’s Well, v. 3. 208; deboshtly, licentiously, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Works, vi. 173); ‘_Desbaucher_, to debosh’, Cotgrave. In use in Scotland (EDD.).

=decard,= to ‘discard’, throw away a card, in a card-game; ‘Can you decard?’, Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Phylocles).

=decimo sexto,= a term applied to a small book, in which each leaf is one-sixteenth of the whole sheet of paper; hence, _fig._, a diminutive person or thing; ‘My dancing braggart in decimo sexto’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1. (Mercury); ‘One bound up in decimo sexto’, Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Sylli). See Stanford.

=deck,= a pack of cards. 3 Hen. VI, v. i. 44; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 339); ‘Pride deales the Deck, whilst Chance doth choose the Card’, Barnfield, Sheph. Content, viii (NED.). See Nares. In prov. use in various parts of England, also in Ireland and America (EDD.).

=decline,= to turn aside, to swerve. BIBLE, Ps. cxix. 157; to turn a person aside from, to divert, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, iii. 1; Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Roberto); to undervalue, disparage, depreciate, Shirley, Cardinal, ii. 1 (Alphonso); id., Brothers, i. 1; to subdue, ‘How to decline their wives and curb their manners’, Beaumont and Fl., Rule a Wife, ii. 4 (Estifania).

=decrew,= to decrease. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 18. OF. _decreu_, F. _décrû_, pp. of _decrestre_ (_décroître_), to decrease.

=decus,= a crown-piece. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). A slang term; from the L. words _decus et tutamen_, engraved upon the rim.

=deduce,= to deduct. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Sir Moth). L. _deducere_, to lead away, withdraw.

=deduct,= to reduce. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Gnotho). See NED.

=deduction,= a leading forth of a colony. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 455; used as a synonym for ‘dismission’ (i.e. dismissal), id., xix. 423, 427. L. _deductio_, a leading forth of a colony, deriv. of _deducere_, to lead forth, conduct a colony to a place.

=deduit,= diversion, enjoyment, pleasure. _Deduytes_, pleasures, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 27. 18. ME. _deduit_, pleasure (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2177), OF. _deduit_ (Bartsch), _deduyt_ (Rabelais), Med. L. _deductus_, ‘animi oblectatio’ (Ducange).

=defail,= to defeat, cause to fail. Machin, Dumb Knight, i (Epire); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. Only found here in this sense.

=defalcate,= curtailed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 10, § 1. Med. L. _defalcare_, ‘deducere, subtrahere’ (Ducange).

=defalk,= to cut off, deduct; ‘I defalke, I demynysshe, I cutte awaye’, Palsgrave. See above.

=defame,= dishonour. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 316); Fletcher, Prophetess, i. 1 (Aurelia).

=defeature,= defeat, ruin. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 17; disfigurement, Com. Errors, ii. 1. 98; ii. 5. 299.

=defend,= to forbid. Much Ado, ii. 1. 98; Marl., Massacre at Paris ii. 5 (Navarre); Milton, P. L. xi. 86; Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 19. F. _défendre_, to forbid.

=define,= to decide, settle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3.

=deform,= unsightly, ugly. Milton, P. L. ii. 706. Lat. _deformis_, unsightly.

=defoul, defoil,= to dishonour. Morte Arthur, leaf 39. 1; bk. ii, c. 1; lf. 71. 28; bk. iv, c. 18. F. _defouler_, to tread or trample on (Cotgr.); associated in meaning with the E. adj. _foul_.

=defy,= to reject, disdain, despise. Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 75; Hamlet, v. 2. 230. OF. _desfier_, O. Prov. _desfiar_, _desfizar_ ‘désavouer, répudier’ (Levy). Med. L. _diffidare_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Defy, vb.^{1} 5).

=de gambo,= a ‘viol-de-gambo’. Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iv. 2 (Antonio). See =viol-de-gamboys.=

=degender,= to degenerate. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 2; Hymn of Heavenly Love, 94.

=degree,= a step, stair; round of a ladder. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 26; Massinger, Roman Actor, iii. 2. 21. F. _degré_, ‘a stair, step, greese’ (Cotgr.).

=dehort,= to dissuade. Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 106; Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). L. _dehortari_.

=delate,= to accuse. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca). _Delated_, fully or expressly stated (or conveyed), Hamlet, i. 2. 38. Med. L. _delatare_, to indict, accuse (Ducange).

=delay,= to temper, assuage, quench. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30; iii. 12. 42; Prothalamion, 3; to dilute, ‘She can drink a cup of wine not delayed with water’, Davenport, City Nightcap, 1 (Dorothea); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiii. 114. OF. (Norm.) _desleier_, to unbind, soften by steeping, Romanic type _disligare_, to unbend; see NED.

=delewine, deal-wine,= an unidentified wine; supposed to have been a Rhenish wine. B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated (Mercury’s second speech); Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1; where Sir T. Bornwell says—‘Where _deal_ and _backrag_ [Bacharach] and what _strange wine else_’, &c.

=delibate,= to taste, to taste a little of. Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. 1 (Duke). L. _delibare_, to taste slightly.

=delice,= delight, pleasure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 28; iv. 10. 6. F. _délices_, pl, L. _deliciae_, delights.

=delirement,= a crazy fancy, delusion. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Amphitrio); vol. iii, p. 107; id., Dialogue 4; vol. vi, p. 179. F. _délirement_; L. _deliramentum_, madness.

=deliver,= active, nimble, agile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § last; ‘Delyver of ones Gunnes as they that prove mastryes, _souple_. Delyver redy quicke to do anythyng, _agile_, _delivré_’, Palsgrave. ME. _deliver_, quick, active (Chaucer, C. T. A. 84). OF. _delivre_, _deslivre_, prompt, alert, O. Prov. _deliure_, ‘libre, délivré; alerte; non chargé; en parlant d’une bête’; see Levy. Med. L. _deliberare_, ‘liberare, redimere’ (Ducange).

=dell,= a virgin, a wench. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 75.

=deluvye,= the deluge. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 273, back, 30. L. _diluvium_, the deluge (Vulgate).

=demain,= demesne, domain. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 103; _demeanes_, pl., Romeo, iii. 5. 182 (1592). ME. _demayn_, a possession (Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Demesne, 3); OF. _demeine_, Med. L. ‘_dominicum_ quod ad dominum spectat’ (Ducange). See =payne mayne.=

=demean=(=e,= behaviour, demeanour; ‘Another Damsell . . . modest of demayne’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 40; treatment (of others), id. vi. 6. 18. See Dict. (s.v. Demean (1)).

=demeans,= means of subsistence. Massinger, Picture, i. 1. 22.

=demerit,= merit; in a good sense. Coriolanus, i. 1. 276; Othello, i. 2. 2; Shirley, Humorous Courtier, ii. 2 (Duchess).

=demi-culverin,= a kind of cannon, with a bore of about 4 inches. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iii. 1 (Bobadil).

=demi-footcloth,= a demi-housing, or short housing; see =footcloth.= Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 22.

=demiss,= humble, abject. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 135. L. _demissus_.

=democcuana,= not explained; perhaps, a kind of mixed drink; see =stiponie.= Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick).

=Demogorgon,= the name of one of the Spirits of the Abyss. Milton, P. L. ii. 965; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; co-ruler with Beelzebub, in Marlowe Faustus, iii. 18; the patron of alchemists, Howell, Instructions for Forraine Travell (Arber’s ed., p. 81). Demogorgon is an important character in Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound. Late L. _Demogorgon_, (1) the name of a terrible deity invoked in magic rites, (2) the primordial God of ancient mythology. Probably a corruption of Gk. δημιουργός, the Maker of the World, the Fabricator, in the Neo-Platonic philosophy opp. to κτίστης, the Creator. By popular etymology this δημιουργός was associated with the Greek words δαίμων, a demon, and Γοργώ, the Gorgon, i.e. the Grim One (γοργός). See Stanford, and NED.

=dempt,= _pt. t._ ‘deemed’, adjudged. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 55; Shep. Kal., Aug., 137.

=demulce,= to mollify. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 1. L. _demulcere_, to stroke down.

=denay,= to deny. Greene, Alphonsus, iii (Medea); ed. Dyce, 237; denial, Twelfth Nt. ii. 4. 127. Norm. F. _deneier_, ‘refuser, rejeter’ (Moisy), L. _denegare_.

=denier,= a French coin, the twelfth of a sou. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 91; Richard III, i. 2. 252. OF. _denier_, L. _denarius_. The _denarius_ was a Roman silver coin of the value of ten ‘asses’ (about eightpence of modern English money). When our accounts were kept in Latin, the term _denarius_ was used for our ‘penny’, and abbreviated _d._; hence the _d_ in our _£. s. d._

=depaint,= to depict. Sackville, Induction, st. 58; B. Googe, Popish Kingdom, bk. i, fol. 10, l. 5. ME. _depeynten_ (NED.).

=depart,= to separate; formerly in the Marriage Service, but altered at the Savoy Conference into ‘till death us do part’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 14. ME. _departe_, to separate (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1134).

=depart,= departure. Two Gent. v. 4. 96; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 20. F. _départ_, departure.

=dependence,= a quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’, or awaiting settlement, according to the laws of the duello. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Fitz.); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 5 (Sanchio). _Masters of Dependencies_, needy bravoes, who undertook to regulate duels between the inexperienced, Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Bertoldo); Fletcher, Elder Brother, v. 1.

=deprave,= erroneously used for _deprive_. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, pp. 499, 511; Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2. See NED.

=deprehend,= to detect, perceive. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10, § last but 4; Bacon, Sylva, § 98. L. _deprehendere_, to seize.

=Derby’s bands;= see =Darby’s bands.=

=dere,= to harm. Barclay, Mirror Good Manners (NED.); Palsgrave; spelt _deare_, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, iii. 139; to annoy, trouble, grieve. Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 106); harm, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 48. ME. _deren_, to harm, injure (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 651); to grieve (Cursor M. 7377); OE. _derian_, to injure, annoy (Sweet). See =dare.=

=dern,= dark, solitary, wild. Pericles, iii, Prol. 15; King Lear, iii. 7. 63; dark, dire; ‘Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England’, Leigh, Drumme Devot. 35 (NED.); ‘Dearne, _dirus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country in the sense of dark, obscure, secret; also, dreary, solitary, see EDD. (s.v. Dern, adj.^{1} 1 and 2). OE. (Anglian) _derne_, (WS.) _dyrne_, _dierne_, secret, dark (BT. Suppl. s.v. Dirne).

=dernful,= dreary, Spenser, Mourning Muse, 90.

=dernly, dearnly,= mournfully, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 85; sternly, id., iii. 1. 14; iii. 12. 34.

=derrick,= a hangman; hanging; the gallows; ‘Derrick must be his host’, Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 11; ‘Deric . . . is with us abusively used for a Hangman because one of that name was not long since a famed executioner at Tiburn’, Blount, Glossogr.; ‘I would there were a Derick to hang up him’, Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins (ed. Arber, 17). Du. _Dierryk_, _Diederik_, Theoderic.

=derring do,= daring action or feats, desperate courage; ‘A derring doe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 65, and Dec, 43; F. Q. ii. 4. 42. [In imitation of Spenser, Sir. W. Scott has the phrase ‘a deed of derring-do’ (Ivanhoe, ch. 29).] Hence, _derring-doer_, F. Q. iv. 2. 38. Spenser’s ‘derring doe’ is due to a misunderstanding of a construction in Chaucer’s Tr. and Cr. v. 837, where ‘in dorryng don’ means ‘in daring to do’ (what belongeth to a Knight). See NED.

=descovenable,= unbefitting. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 15, back, 12. Spelt _discouenable_, Game of the Chesse, bk. ii, c. 5 (p. 70 of Axon’s reprint). OF. _descovenable_.

=descrive,= to describe. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; vi. 12. 21. OF. _descrivre_. L. _describere_.

=dese,= a ‘dais’, a raised table in a hall at which distinguished persons sat at feasts; ‘The hye dese’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 175. ME. _dese_ (Will. Palerne, 4564), _dees_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1360, 1658). Norm. F. _deis_ (Moisy), Med. L. _discus_, a table (cp. G. _Tisch_).

=design,= to indicate, show. Richard II, i. 1. 203; Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 8.

=despoiled,= partially stripped; as in playing at the palm-play. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13.

=desroy,= to ‘disarray’, disorder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 33. 26; _desray_, id., lf. 188. 15.

=detort,= to twist aside, to wrest. Dryden, Pref. to Religio Laici, § 4. L. _detort-us_, pp. of _de-torquere_, to twist aside.

=detract,= to draw apart, pull asunder. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 515; to hold back, keep oneself in the background, Greene, James IV, i. 1 (Ateukin).

=Deu guin!,= a Welsh exclamation; app. for _Duw gwyn!_, lit. ‘Blessed God’. See =Du cat-a whee.= Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot).

=deuse a vyle,= the country. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_dewse a vyle_, the countrey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =Rom-vile.=

=devant,= front of the dress; ‘Perfume my devant’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Mercury). F. _devant_, before.

=dever,= to ‘endeavour’; ‘_I dever_, I applye my mynde to do a thing’, Palsgrave.

=deviceful,= full of devices, ingenious, curious. Spenser, F. Q. v. 3. 3; Teares of the Muses, 385.

=devoir,= duty. Spelt _devoyre_; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; _deuoyr_, endeavour; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. (near the end); _dever_, Sternhold and Hopkins, Ps. xxii. 26. F. _devoir_.

=devolve,= to overturn, overthrow. Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius); Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, v. 4.

=devotion,= an offering made as an act of worship; a gift given in charity, alms; ‘Then shal the Churche wardens . . . gather the devocion of the people’, Bk. Com. Pr., Communion, 1552 (‘the alms for the poor, and other devotions of the people’, 1662); Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 2 (L. Twilight); _devotions_, objects of religious worship; ‘I beheld your devotions’, BIBLE, Acts xvii. 23 (‘the objects of your worship’, R. V.); ‘Dametas . . . swearing by no meane devotions’, Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1598, p. 282). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=devow,= to devote. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Practice); Holland’s Ammianus Marcellinus (Nares). F. _dévouer_, to devote.

=dewle;= See =dole= (2).

=dewtry,= ‘datura’; hence, a drug made from the datura or thornapple, a powerful narcotic. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 321; spelt _deutroa_, Sir T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1677, p. 337). Marathi, _dhutrā_; Skt. _dhattūra_. See Stanford (s.v. Datura).

=diacodion,= an opiate syrup prepared from poppy-heads. Bulleyn, Dial. against Pestilence (EETS.), p. 51, l. 20; Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 4 (Scandal.). L. _diacodion_ (Pliny). _Dia_ is a prefix set before medicinal confections that were devised by the Greeks. Gk. διὰ κωδειῶν (a preparation) made from poppy-heads.

=diametral,= diametrically opposite. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1. 7.

=diapasm,= a scented powder for sprinkling over the person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. διάπασμα, from διαπάσσειν, to sprinkle.

=diapred,= adorned with a ‘diaper’ pattern; ‘And diapred lyke the discolored mead’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 51.

=dicacity,= raillery, sarcasm. Heywood, Dialogue 4, vol. vi, p. 185. Deriv. of L. _dicax_, sarcastic.

=dich:= in phr. ‘Much good dich thy good heart’, Timon, i. 2. 73; ‘Much good do’t thy good heart’, Dekker, Satiro-mastix (Works, i. 204); ‘Much good do’t yee’ (riming with ‘sit yee’), ib., i. 214; ‘Much good do it you’ (vulgarly pronounced and phonetically spelt _mychgoditio_ (Salesbury in 1550), quoted by Ellis in his Early English Pronunciation, p. 744, note 2. So it is clear that _dich you_ stands for _d’it you_ = _do it you_. See further in Notes on Eng. Etym., pp. 67-9. Cp. phrase in use in Cheshire and Lancashire, ‘Much good deet you’, see EDD. (s.v. Do, subj. mood, § 3).

=dicion,= a dominion, kingdom. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 40; Augustus, § 6. L. _dicio_, dominion, sovereignty.

=dickens, the,= (in exclamations) the deuce! the devil! Merry Wives, iii. 2. 20; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. 1, p. 40.

=dicker,= half a score; esp. of hides or skins; ‘A dicker of cow-hides’, Heywood; First Part of King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 39; The Marriage Night, ii. 1 (Latchet); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 131. ME. _diker_ (NED.), L. _decuria_, a set of ten; from _decem_, ten. This Latin word was adopted by the German tribes from ancient times. They had to pay tribute to the Romans partly in skins, reckoned in _decuriae_ (NED.). See Schade (s.v. Decher).

=didapper,= a diving bird; humorously, a mistress. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, iii 4. 8. See =divedopper.=

=Diego,= a common name for a Spaniard. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 3 (Face); iv. 4 (Subtle). Allusions are often made to a Spaniard so named who committed an indecency in St. Paul’s Cathedral, as in Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). Span. _Diégo_, the proper name _James_, gradually corrupted from _Jacobus_, whence _Yágo_, then _Diágo_, and at last _Diégo_ (Stevens). James was the patron saint of Spain. See =Dondego.=

=diery,= harmful; ‘With dreadful _diery_ dent Of wrathful warre’, Mirror for Mag., Guidericus, st. 12; Carassus, st. 26. See =dere.=

=difficile,= difficult. Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 53; spelt _dyfficyle_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 311, back, 14. F. _difficile_.

=diffide in,= distrust. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, xi. 636; Congreve, Old Bachelor, v. 1 (Bellmour). L. _diffidere_.

=diffused,= dispersed, scattered. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 4; v. 11. 47; confused, disordered, distracted, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 54; Hen. V, v. 2. 61.

=diggon,= enough. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Jenkin); iii. 5 (Jenkin). In both places the word is used by a Welshman; and in Shirley’s Wedding, iii. 2, Lodam gives, as a specimen of Welsh—_diggon a camrag_ (for _digon o Cymraig_), i.e. ‘enough of Welsh.’ Welsh _digon_, enough.

=dight,= to prepare. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 24; as _pp._, arrayed, decked, Shep. Kal., April, 29; prepared, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 522); framed, Sackville, Induction, st. 55. ‘To dight’ is in prov. use in Scotland and the north of England in the sense of ‘to prepare’, also, ‘to adorn, deck oneself’ (EDD.). ME. _dihten_, to prepare, array, equip (Chaucer), OE. _dihtan_, to appoint, order.

=digladiation,= a fencing contest, hand-to-hand fight; _fig._ disputation, wrangling. Pattenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 17 (ed. Arber, p. 52). B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxl. Deriv. of L. _digladiari_, to fight for life and death (Cicero).

=dildo,= ‘a word of obscure origin, occurring in the refrains of ballads,’ NED. In Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.

=dill,= a sweetheart; a cant term; the same as =dell.= Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho).

=dilling,= a darling, a well-beloved; ‘Vespasian the dilling of his time’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896) iii. 27; the youngest, and therefore the best-beloved child, Drayton, Pol. ii. 115. The word is in common prov. use for the youngest child, also, the least and weakest of a brood or litter (EDD.).

=dimble,= a dingle, a deep dell. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. ii. 190. Allied to _dimple_, _dingle_. Still in use in the Midlands, see EDD.

=dint,= to strike. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 31; a stroke, blow, id. i. 7. 47.

=dipsas,= a snake whose bite was said to produce extreme thirst. Milton, P. L. x. 526; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2. 1. Gk. δίψας, causing thirst; from δίφα, thirst.

=dirige,= a ‘dirge’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 5). ME. _dirige_ (_dyryge_) ‘offyce for dedeman’ (Prompt.). L. _dirige_: this word begins the antiphon, ‘Dirige, Dominus meus, in conspectu tuo vitam meam’, used in the first nocturn at mattins in the Office for the Dead; see Way’s note in Prompt., and Notes to Piers Plowman, C. iv. 467.

=dirk,= to darken, to obscure; ‘Thy wast bignes . . . dirks the beauty of my blossomes rownd’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 134. See EDD. (s.v. Dark, 8). ME. _derhyn_, or make _derk_, ‘obscuro, obtenebro’ (Prompt. EETS., 137).

=disable,= to disparage. As You Like It, iv. 1. 34; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); Fletcher, Island Princess, iv. 3 (Armusia); spelt _dishable_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 21.

=disadventure,= misfortune. _Dissaventures_, pl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 45. ME. _disaventure_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 415).

=disappointed,= unequipped, unprepared. Hamlet, i. 5. 77.

=disceptation,= a discussion, debate. Spelt _desceptations_, pl.; Heywood, Dialogue 18; vol. vi. p. 248. L. _disceptatio_ (Cicero).

=discide,= to cut or cleave in twain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 27. L. _discidere_, to cut in twain.

=disclose,= to hatch. Hamlet, v. 1. 310; Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 2 (Camiòla); the act of disclosing, the incubation, Hamlet, iii. 1. 175.

=discoloured,= of various colours, variegated. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); v. 3 (Cupid); Beaumont, Masque of the Inner Temple, l. 10; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 160. L. _discolor_, of different colours.

=discommodity,= a disadvantage. Bacon, Essay 33.

=discourse,= faculty of reasoning, logical power; ‘discourse and reason’ (i.e. logic and reason), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, ii. 1 (Malef. jun.); ‘Discourse of reason’, reasoning faculty, Hamlet, i. 2. 150.

=discourse,= course of combat, mode of fighting. Beaumont and Fl., King and No King, ii. 1 (Gob.); Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 14. L. _discursus_, a running to and fro.

=discretion,= disjunction, separation of parts, dissolution. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 204. L. _discretio_ (Vulgate, Heb. v. 14 = διάκρισις).

=discure,= to discover. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 18. ME. _discure_, to discover (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 549).

=discuss,= to shake off. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 48; to disperse, scatter; Lyly, Woman in the Moon, ii. 1. 21. ME. _discusse_, to drive away (Chaucer, Boethius); see NED. L. _discutere_ (pp. _discussus_), to drive away.

=disease,= discomfort, inconvenience. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 19; v. 7. 26. ME. _disese_, inconvenience, distress (Chaucer); ‘A greet diseese’ (Wyclif, Luke xxi. 23). Anglo-F. _desaise_, trouble (Gower).

=disease,= to trouble, inconvenience; ‘Why diseasest thou the master’, Tyndal, Mark v. 35; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 32; Middleton, The Witch, iv. 2 (Isabella); to disturb, Chapman tr. Iliad, x. 45. See Trench, Sel. Gl.

=disembogue,= _trans._, to empty out. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 562; to drive out, eject; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page). Also in form _disimboque_, Hakluyt, Voyages, i. 104. Span. _desembocar_, to come out of the mouth of a river.

=disentrail,= to draw forth from the entrails or inward parts. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 28; iv. 6. 18.

=disgest,= to digest. Coriolanus, i. 1. 154; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 179 (in old edd.). In general prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).

=dishable;= see =disable.=

=disheir,= to deprive of an heir. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 705.

=disinteressed,= disinterested. Dryden, Religio Laici, 335. See =interessed.=

=disleal,= disloyal. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 5. See Dict. (s.v. Leal).

=dislike= (only in the 3rd pers.), to displease, annoy; ‘Ile do’t, but it dislikes me’, Othello, ii. 3. 49; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 1 (Leantio).

=disloignd,= distant, remote. Spencer, F. Q. iv. 10. 24. OF. _desloignier_, to remove to a distance. O. Prov. _deslonhar_, ‘éloigner, écarter’ (Levy).

=dismay,= to terrify; ‘I dismaye, I put a person in fere or drede, _je desmaye_ and _je esmaye_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 4; to defeat by a sudden onslaught, id. v. 2. 8; vi. 10. 13. See Dict.

=dismayd,= _dis-made_, mis-made, ill-formed. F. Q. ii. 11. 11.

=disme,= a dime, a tithe, tenth. Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 19. OF. _disme_, a tenth; see Ducange (s.v. Decimae). L. _decima_, a tenth part.

=dispace,= to range, to move or walk about. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 295; Muiopotmos, 250. Cp. Ital. _spaziare_, to walk about (Fanfani).

=disparage,= inequality of rank in marriage; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 50. ME. _disparage_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 908). Norm. F. _desparager_, mésallier; _desparagement_, mésalliance, union inégale (Moisy).

=disparent,= unequal, odd; with reference to the number five. ‘A disparent pentacle’, i.e. a pentacle with an odd number of angles, Hero and Leander, iii. 123; ‘The odd disparent number’, i.e. the odd number of five, id. v. 323.

=disparkle,= to scatter abroad, disperse (_trans._ and _intr._); ‘_Esparpiller_, to scatter, disperse, disparkle’, Cotgrave; ‘It disparcleth the mist’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 45; ‘Not suffering his radiations to disparcle abrode’ Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); see Nares. An altered form of the earlier _disparple_, see NED. See =sparkle.=

=disparple, disperple,= to scatter abroad, disperse. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, x. 473; _dispurple_, Heywood, Silver Age, iii (Wks. iii. 144). ME. _disparple_ (Wyclif, Mark xiv. 27); see Dict. M. and S. OF. _desparpelier_; for etym. from *_parpalio_, a Romanic form of L. _papilio_, a butterfly (as in Ital. _parpaglione_, O. Prov. _parpalho_); see NED.

=dispense,= liberal expenditure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 42; v. 11. 45.

=dispergement,= ‘disparagement’, indignity. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 6.

=display,= to discover, get sight of, descry. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 76; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 74; xvii. 90; xxii. 280. See NED. (s.v. Display, vb. 9).

=disple,= to subject to the ‘discipline’ of the scourge, to scourge; ‘Bitter Penance with an yron whip Was wont him once to disple every day’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27. In monastic Latin _disciplina_ = (1) a penitential whipping, (2) the instrument of punishment itself; see Ducange (s.v.).

=dispose,= disposal; disposition. Two Gent. ii. 7. 86; Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 174; Othello, i. 3. 403.

=disposed,= inclined to merriment; in a merry mood. L. L. L. ii. 1. 250; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4 (Lady H.); Custom of the Country, i. 1. 9.

=dispunct,= impolite, discourteous, the reverse of punctilious; ‘Let’s be retrograde. _Amorphus._ Stay. That were dispunct to the ladies’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2.

=disqueat,= to disquiet, trouble. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 5, st. 39. See =queat.=

=disseat,= to unseat. Macbeth, v. 3. 21; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 85.

=disseise,= to dispossess. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; vii. 7. 48. Anglo-F. _disseisir_ (Rough List). A compound of OF. _seisir_ (_saisir_), to put into possession, Frankish L. _sacire_; of Germanic origin—_satjan_ (OHG. _sazjan_), to set, place; see NED. (s.v. Seize). Cp. Ital. _sagire_, to put in full and quiet possession, namely of lands (Florio).

=dissident,= differing, different. Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, pp. 66, 130. L. _dissidens_, differing, disagreeing.

=dissite,= situated apart, remote. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, vii. 270. L. _dissitus_, situated part.

=dissolve,= to solve; ‘Dissolve this doubtful riddle’, Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 3 (Sforza); BIBLE, Daniel v. 16. [‘Thou hadst not between death and birth Dissolved the riddle of the earth’, Tennyson, Two Voices, 170.]

=distance,= disagreement, estrangement. Macbeth, iii. 1. 115; ‘Distances between his lady and him’, Pepys, Diary, Sept. 11, 1666. ME. _destance_, difference (Gower, C. A. iii. 611). Anglo-F. _destance_, dispute, disagreement (Gower, Mirour, 4957). See =staunce.=

=distaste,= to have no taste for, to dislike, King Lear, i. 3. 14; to offend the taste, Othello, iii. 3. 327.

=distempered,= not temperate. Drayton, Pol. i. 4; disturbed in temper, humour, King John, iv. 3. 21; disordered physically, Sonnet, 153; mentally disordered, Milton, P. L. iv. 807; Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. 1. 18.

=distract,= torn or drawn asunder; torn to pieces. Sh., Lover’s Complaint, 231; perplexed by having the thoughts drawn in different directions, Milton, Samson Ag. 1556; deranged in mind, Julius C., iv. 3. 155; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 212. L. _distractus_, drawn asunder, distracted.

=distreyn,= to vex, distress. Sackville, Induction, st. 14; Surrey, The Lover comforteth himself, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 14. F. _destreindre_, ‘to straine, presse, vexe extremely’ (Cotgr.); L. _distringere_, to draw asunder.

=disyellow,= to free from jaundice. Warner, Albion’s England; bk. ii, ch. 10, st. 13.

=dit, ditt,= a poetical composition, a ditty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 13. See NED.

=ditch-constable,= a term of contempt. Middleton, A Mad World, v. 2 (Follywit).

=dite,= to winnow corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 498. Hence _diter_, one who ‘dites’, id., v. 499. In common use in this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dight, 6).

=diurnal,= a journal, newspaper. Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 268; Tatler, no. 204, § 4. L. _diurnalis_, daily; from _dies_, day.

=divedopper,= a small diving water-fowl. Drayton, Man in the Moon, 188. See =didapper.=

=diverse,= to turn aside; ‘The Redcrosse Knight diverst’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 62. Only found here in this sense.

=diversivolent,= of variable will, changeable. Webster, White Devil (Lawyer), ed. Dyce, p. 20; (Flamineo), p. 25. A word coined by Webster.

=diversory,= a place to which one turns in by the way. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xiv. 538. L. _diversorium_, an inn, freq. in Vulgate, cp. Luke ii. 7; xxii. 11.

=divine,= to render divine, to canonize. Spenser, Daphn., 214; Ruins of Time, 611; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 191.

=divulst,= torn apart. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1. 4. L. _diuulsus_, pp. of _diuellere_, to pluck asunder.

=dizen,= to put flax on a distaff; ‘I dysyn a dystaffe, I put the flaxe upon it to spynne’, Palsgrave; to dress, attire, ‘bedizen’; ‘Come, Doll, Doll, dizen me’, Beaumont and Fl., M. Thomas, iv. 6. 3. In common use in the north country in the sense of ‘to dress showily’ (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Distaff).

=dizling,= (perhaps) making dizzy, confusing; ‘His torch with dizling smoke Was dim’, Golding, Metam. x. 6 (L. ‘Fax . . . lacrymoso stridula fumo’).

=dizzard, dizard,= a blockhead, foolish fellow. Brewer, Lingua, iii. 1 (end). A Yorkshire word; cp. ‘dizzy’, used in the north country in the sense of ‘foolish, stupid, half-witted’; OE. _dysig_ (Matt. vi. 26, ‘stultus’).

=do,= to cause; ‘The villany . . . Which some hath put to shame, and many done be dead’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 29; phr. _I cannot do withal_, I cannot help it, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (Sir Oliver); ‘I could not do withal’ Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72. ME. _doon_, _do_, to cause (Chaucer, freq.).

=do way!= forbear! Surrey, A Song, 21; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 219.

=dob-chick,= a dab-chick, a small diving bird, _Podiceps minor_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 80; spelt _dop-chick_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 686. ‘Dob-chick’ is in common prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.).

=docket,= the fleshy part of an animal’s tail. Greene, James IV, i. 2 (Slip). Dimin. of _dock_, in the same sense. See NED. (s.v. Dock, sb.^{2} 1).

=doctor,= a false die; loaded so as to fall only in two or three ways. A slang term; a ‘doctored die’, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum); Cibber, Woman’s Wit, i (NED.).

=dodder,= to tremble or shake from frailty; ‘Dodder grasses . . . so called because with the least puff or blast of wind it doth as it were dodder and tremble’, Minsheu, Ductor.

=doddered:= phr. _doddered oak_, decayed with age; ‘Dodder’d oak’, Dryden, tr. Persius, Sat. v. 80; Virgil, Past. ix. 9; ‘Doddered oaks’, Palamon and Arc., iii. 905; Pope, Odyssey, xx. 200. ‘Doddered’ is in prov. use in the north country in the sense of old, decayed, trembling: ‘A _doddered_ old man’, see EDD. s.v. Dother, vb.^{1} 1 (1)).

=dodkin,= a little doit; a coin of very small value. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 2 (end). Du. _duytken_, dimin. of _duyt_, a doit (Hexham). See NED.

=doff,= a repulse, a ‘put off’. Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 276.

=dog,= to follow after; ‘To dog the fashion’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 6 (Macilente).

=dogbolt,= a contemptible fellow, mean wretch. Fletcher, Span. Curate, ii. 2 (Lopez); Wit without Money, iii. 1. 32. As adj., worthless, base, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 40. The orig. sense was (probably) a crossbow-bolt, only fit for shooting at a dog; see NED.

=dog-leach,= a dog-doctor; a term of reproach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 2 (Memnon).

=doily,= the name of a cheap stuff. Dryden, Kind Keeper, iv. 1; ‘doily stuff’, Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iv. 4 (Lady Fanciful). See Dict.

=dole,= portion in life; ‘Happy man be his dole’ (i.e. may happiness be his portion), Merry Wives, iii. 4. 68; Butler, Hud., pt. i, c. 3. 638.

=dole, dool,= grief, mourning, lamentation. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 155; F. Q. iv. 8. 3. Spelt _dewle_, Sackville, Induction, st. 14. In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dole, sb.^{2}). OF. _dol_, _deul_, sorrow; see Bartsch (s.v. Duel). See =duill.=

=dole= (landmark); see =dool.=

=dolent,= a sorrowing one, a sufferer. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82. L. _dolens_, grieving.

=doly,= doleful, sad; ‘In doly season’, Wounds of Civil War, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 170; ‘This dolye chaunce’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 57). See =dole= (grief).

=domineer,= to revel, feast; to live like a lord. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 226; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1. 76 (Downright).

=dommerar, dummerer,= a begging vagabond who feigns to be dumb. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 9. See Harman, Caveat, p. 57; ‘Dummerers, Abraham men’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896), i. 409.

=Dondego,= a Spaniard; short for ‘Don Diego’. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Brett), ed. Dyce, p. 198. See =Diego.=

=done, donne,= to do. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; vi. 10. 32. ME. _doon_, _don_, to do; _done_, _doon_, ger. (Chaucer). OE. _dōn_, to do.

=donny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or brownish. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. See NED. (s.v. Dunny, adj.^{1}).

=donzel, donsel,= a squire, a page, youth. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4. 20; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). Ital. _donzello_, ‘a damosell, page, squire, serving-man’ (Florio). Med. L. _domicellus_, _domnicellus_ (Ducange); dimin. of L. _dominus_, lord. See Dict. (s.v. Damsel).

=dool, dole, dowle,= a boundary-mark; ‘With dowles and ditches’, Golding, Metam. i. 136; fol. 3 (1603); ‘They pullid uppe the doolis’, Paston Letters, i. 58. Low G. _dōle_, _dōl_, a boundary-mark (Koolman). ‘Dool’ is in common prov. use in this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Dool, sb.^{2} 1).

=dool;= see =dole= (grief).

=door:= phr. _to keep the door_, to be a pandar. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Trimtram). _Door-keeper_, a bawd; id., The Black Book, ed. Dyce, vol. iv, p. 525.

=dop,= a dip, duck, low bow. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); to dip, duck, dive, bob; Dryden, Epilogue to the Unhappy Favourite, 2.

=dop,= to baptize. God’s Promises, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 318. Du. _doopen_, to dip, baptize (Sewel).

=dopper, doper,= a (Dutch) Anabaptist; ‘This is a _dopper_ (old ed. _doper_), a she Anabaptist’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Register); News from the New World (Factor). Du. _dooper_, a dipper, baptizer (Sewel).

=dor,= scoff, mockery. Phr. _to give the dor_, to make game of, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2; _to receive the dor_, to be marked, Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 29. Icel. _dār_, scoff.

=dor,= to make game of, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iv. 1. 15. Icel. _dāra_ to mock, make sport of.

=dorado,= name of a species of fish; ‘The _Dorado_, which the English confound with the Dolphin, is much like a Salmon’, J. Davies, tr. Mandelslo (ed. 1669, iii. 196); a wealthy person, ‘A troop of these ignorant Doradoes’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. ii, § 1. Span. _dorado_, ‘a fish called a Dory, or Gilt head, an enemy to the Flying Fish’ (Stevens); _dorar_, to gild; L. _deaurare_. See Stanford.

=dorp,= a village. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 238, 298; Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 6. 11. Du. _dorp_, a village. See Dict. (s.v. Thorp).

=dorre,= applied to species of bees or flies; a bumble-bee; a drone-bee; _fig._ a drone, a lazy idler; ‘Gentlemen which cannot be content to live idle themselfes, lyke dorres’, Robynson, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 38). OE. _dora_, ‘atticus’ (Epinal Gl., 119); cp. ‘Adticus, feld beo, dora’ in Cleopatra Glosses (Voc. 351. 22). See NED. (s.v. Dor, sb.^{1}).

=dorser;= see =dosser.=

=dortour,= a sleeping room, bedchamber. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 24. ME. _dortour_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1855). Norm. F. _dortur_ (Moisy), OF. _dortoir_, Monastic L. _dormitorium_ (Ducange).

=dosser,= a basket, pannier. Merry Devil, i. 3. 142; Jonson, Staple of News, ii. [4.] (Almanac); spelt _dorser_, Beaumont and Fl., Night-Walker, i. 1 (Lurcher). An E. Anglian word for a pannier slung over a horse’s back (EDD). ME. _dosser_, a basket to carry on the back (Chaucer, Hous F. 1940). F. _dossier_, ‘partie d’une hotte qui s’appuie sur le dos de celui qui la porte’ (Hatzfeld).

=dotes,= endowments, good qualities. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 2 (Cler.); Underwoods, c. 25. L. _dotes_, pl. of _dos_, an endowment.

=dottrel, dotterel,= a pollarded tree; also used attrib.; ‘Old dotterel trees’, Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 137); ‘A long-set dottrel’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 465. ‘Dotterel’ is used in this sense near Oxford, and in the south Midlands (EDD).

=double reader,= a lawyer who is going through a second course of reading; ‘I am a bencher, and now double reader’, B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Practice); ‘Men came to be _single readers_ at 15 or 16 years standing in the House [Inn of Court] and _read double_ about 7 years afterwards’, Sir W. Dugdale, Orig. Jur., 209 (Glossary to Jonson).

=doubt,= i.e. _’doubt_, a shortened form of _redoubt_, a fortification. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 286.

=doucepere,= an illustrious knight or paladin. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 31; orig. only used in the pl.: ME. _dozepers_ (_douzepers_), the twelve peers or paladins of Charlemagne. Anglo-F. _li duze per_ (Ch. Rol. 3187). See NED. (s.v. Douzepers).

=dough;= see =dow.=

=dought,= to make afraid, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Suctonius). See =dout.=

=douse,= to strike violently; ‘To death with daggers _doust_’ (also wrongly, _dounst_, in ed. 1587), Mirror for Magistrates, Henry VI, st. 4. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=douse,= a sweetheart. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 7. F. _douce_, fem. of _doux_, sweet; L. _dulcis_.

=dout,= fear; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 37. OF. _doute_, fear.

=dow,= to thrive; ‘He’ll never dow’ (i.e. he’ll never do well), Ray, North C. Words, 13; spelt _dough_, to be in health, Heywood, The Fair Maid, ii. 1 (Clem). ‘Dow’ is in prov. use in the north, meaning to thrive, prosper, also, to recover from sickness (EDD.). ME. _dowe_, pr. s. 1 p., am able to do (Wars Alex. 4058). OE. _dugan_, to be able, to be vigorous (see Wright, OE. Gram. § 541).

=dowcets,= the testicles of a deer. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 Woodman); B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 6. In old cookery books _dowset_ was the name of a sweet dish. F. _doucet_, dimin. of _doux_, sweet. See NED. (s.v. Doucet), and cp. =dulcet.=

=dowe,= ‘dough’. Lyly, Endimion, i. 2 (Tellus); ‘A lytell leven doth leven the whole lompe of dowe’, Tyndale, Gal. v. 9.

=dowl=(=e,= soft fine feathers. Tempest, iii. 3. 65 (see W. A. Wright’s note). In prov. use in the S. Midlands for down or fluff (EDD.). ME. _doule_, a down-feather (Plowman’s Tale, st. 14). See Notes on Eng. Etym.

=dowle,= see =dool.=

=dowsabell,= a sweetheart. A name, used as a term for a sweetheart. Com. of Errors, iv. 1. 110; London Prodigal, iv. 2. 73. F. _douce-belle_, L. _dulcibella_, sweet and fair.

=doxy,= a vagabond’s mistress. (Cant.) Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 2; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 73; where the sing. form is _doxe_.

=drabler, drabbler,= an additional piece of canvas, laced to the bottom of a bonnet of a sail. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1328); p. 134, col. 2; Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Y. Forrest); vol. vi, p. 416. From _drabble_, to wet; from its position. Cp. E. Fris. _drabbeln_, to stamp about in the water (Koolman). See EDD. (s.v. Drabble).

=dragon,= the name of a stage in the fermentation for producing the elixir. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly).

=drake,= a dragon. Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory, ed. Dyce, p. 563. ‘_Drake_, dragon’, Levins, Manipulus. OE. _draca_, L. _draco_, Gk. δράκων.

=drane,= a drone. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 3; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 172. ME. _drane_, ‘fucus’ (Prompt.). The pronunc. of drone in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). OE. _drān_ (_drǣn_).

=drapet,= a cloth, a covering. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 27. Cp. Ital. _drappetto_, dimin. of _drappe_, cloth.

=drasty,= worthless, rubbishy; ‘Drasty sluttish geere’, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 49; ‘Drasty ballats’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicioso). In several places the _s_ has been misprinted as _f_; the error originated with Thynne, who, in 1532, twice substituted _drafty_ for _drasty_ in the Prologue to Melibeus: ‘Thy drasty spectre’ (C. T. B. 2113); ‘Thy drasty ryming’ (id. 2120); see NED. OE. _dræstig_, ‘feculentus’ (Voc. 238. 20).

=draw-cut,= done by drawing _cuts_ or lots. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i, 515. See =cut= (1).

=drawer,= a waiter at a tavern. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 165; Romeo, iii. 1. 9. One who _draws_ liquor for guests.

=drawer-on,= an incitement to appetite. Massinger, Guardian, ii. 3 (Cario).

=drawlatch,= lit. one who lifts a latch; a sneaking thief. Jacob and Esau, ii. 3 (Esau).

=dray,= a squirrel’s nest. Drayton, Quest of Cynthia, st. 51; [The squirrel] ‘Gets to the wood, and hides him in his dray’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, bk. i, song 5. A prov. word in general use (EDD.).

=drazel,= a slattern, slut. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 987. The word is in use in the south of England, in Sussex and Hampshire, see EDD. (s.v. Drazil).

=dread,= an object of reverence or awe. Milton, Samson, 1473; ‘Una, his deare dreed’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 2.

=drent,= drowned. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 49; v. 7. 39. ME. _dreint_ (_dreynt_), pp. of _drenchen_, to drown (Chaucer, Bk. Duchess, 148).

=drere,= grief, sorrow, gloom. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 40; ii. 12. 36. Hence, _drerihed_, sadness, id., Muiopotmos, 347; _dreriment_, Shep. Kal., Nov., 36.

=dresser.= The signal for the servants to take in the dinner was the cook’s knocking on the dresser, thence called the cook’s drum (Nares); ‘When the dresser, the cook’s drum, thunders’, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1 (Steward); ‘The dresser calls in (_Knock within, as at dresser_)’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., iii. 1 (Seely); vol. iv, p. 206; ‘Hark! they knock to the dresser’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (end).

=dretched,= _pp._, vexed or disturbed by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf 402. 31; bk. xx, c. 5. OE. _dreccan_, to vex.

=dretchyng of swevens,= vexation by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*. 7; bk. xxi, c. 12.

=drib,= to let fall in drops or driblets, to dribble out. Dryden, Prologue to The Loyal Brother, 22. Cp. prov. ‘drib’, a drop, a small quantity of liquid (EDD.).

=dricksie,= decayed; as timber; ‘A drie and dricksie oak’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 252. See _Droxy_ in EDD.; and _Drix_ in NED.

=drink,= to smoke tobacco. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Laxton). A common expression. See Nares.

=drivel,= a drudge, a servant doing menial work; ‘A Drudge, or driuell’, Baret (1580); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2, 3; ‘A dyshwasher, a dryvyll’, Skelton, Against Garnesche, 26. Spelt _drevil_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 12. ME. _drivil_, a drudge, a menial (see Prompt. EETS., note no. 588); cp. Du. _drevel_, ‘a scullion, or a turnspit’ (Hexham). See NED.

=droil,= a drudge, a menial. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 1. 19; Brome, New Acad. ii, p. 40 (Nares). See Prompt. EETS. (note no. 588).

=droil,= to drudge. Spelt _droyle_, Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 157. Hence _droil_, drudgery, Shirley, Gentlemen of Venice, i. 2.

=drollery,= a puppet-show; a puppet; a caricature. Tempest, iii. 3. 21; Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Wildgoose Chase, i. 2. 21; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 156. F. _drôlerie_, ‘waggery; a merry prank’; _dróle_, ‘a good fellow, boon companion, merry grig, pleasant wag; one that cares not which end goes forward or how the world goes’ (Cotgr.).

=dromound,= a large ship, propelled by many oars. Morte Arthur, leaf 82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3 (end). Anglo-F. _dromund_ (Rough List), OF. _dromon_, Med. L. _dromō_ (Ducange), Byzant. Gk. δρόμων, a large ship; cogn. with Gk. δρόμος, a racing, a course.

=drone,= to smoke (a pipe); ‘Droning a tobacco-pipe’, B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 1; Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 3.

=dronel, dronet,= a drone; ‘That dronel’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 151; ‘Like vnto dronets’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, To Reader (ed. Furnivall, p. xi).

=dropshot:= phr. _at dropshot_; ‘I’ll do no more at dropshot’ (i.e. I’ll do no more in the character of an eaves-dropper, or where one can be _shot_ with _drops_), Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, iii. 6 (end).

=drossel,= a slattern, a slut. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 47, st. 12. A north Yorkshire word (EDD.). See =drazel.=

=drouson;= ‘Boiling oatemeale . . . with barme or the dregges and hinder ends of your beere barrels makes an excellent pottage . . . of great vse in all the parts of the West Countrie . . . called by the name of drouson potage’, Markham, Farewell, 133 (EDD.); ‘Drowsen broath’, London Prodigal, ii. 1. 42. OE. _drōsna_, lees, dregs.

=droye,= a servant, a drudge. Spelt _droie_; Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 3; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78).

=droye,= to drudge, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 664.

=druggerman,= a ‘dragoman’, interpreter. Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 (Emperor); [Pope, Donne’s Sat. iv. 83]. See Dict. (s.v. Dragoman); also Stanford.

=drum:= phr. _Jack Drum’s entertainment_, ill-treatment, esp. by turning a man out of doors, Heywood, ii. 2 (Sencer). _To sell by the drum_, to sell by auction; in North’s Plutarch, Octavius, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., p. 255, n. 3); hence, _by the dromme_ (by the drum), in public, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, c. 53, st. 31.

=drumble,= to be sluggish, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; a sluggish, stupid person, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. A dull, inactive person is called a ‘drummil’ in Warwickshire. A person moving lazily about is said to ‘drumble’ in Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. _drumla_, to be drowsy; Swed. _drummel_, a blockhead.

=drumslade, dromslade,= a drum; ‘Dromslade, suche as Almayns use in warre, _bedon_’, Palsgrave. Also spelt _drumslet_; Golding, Metam. xii. 481; fol. 149, bk. (1603). Du. _trommelslag_ (G. _trommelschlag_), the beat of a drum.

=drumsler,= a drummer. Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 224, 241. A form corrupted from _drumslager_, once in use to mean ‘drummer’. Du. _trommelslager_, a drummer (Sewel). See above.

=dry-fat,= a cask, case, or box for holding dry things, not liquids; ‘A dry-fat of new books’, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. 2 (Brisae); _dry-vat_, Dekker, Shoemakers’ H., v. 2 (Firk). See Dict. (s.v. Vat).

=dry-foot:= phr. _to draw_ or _hunt dry-foot_, to track game by the mere scent of the foot. Com. Errors, iv. 2. 39; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 2 (Brainworm).

=Du cat-a whee,= God preserve you! Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); Monsieur Thomas, i. 2. 8; _Dugat a whee_, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Welshwoman). Welsh _Duw cadw chwi_, God preserve you!

=dub,= a stroke, blow; _Lydian dubs_, soft taps, like soft Lydian music; _Phrygian dubs_, hard blows, like loud Phrygian music. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 850.

=ducdame,= a word in the burden of a song. In As You Like It, ii. 5. 56. Doubtless a coined word, and admirably defined by Shakespeare as ‘a Greek invocation to call fools into a circle’; which I accept as it stands.

=duce.= Used in interjectional and imprecatory phrases; ‘I wonder where a duce the third is fled’, Roger Boyle, Guzman, i; ‘Who a duce are those two fellows?’ id., ii; ‘Who a duce is here by our door?’ (Socia), Echard, Plautus (ed. 1694, 13); Centlivre, Busie Body (ed. 1732, 41).

=duce= is the same word as _deuce_, an E. form of F. _deux_, two. The orig. sense of ‘a duce’ was exclamatory, signifying, ‘Oh! ill-luck, the _deuce_!’—two being a losing throw at dice. The form _duce_ came to us immediately from a Low G. dialect—_dûs_, found in MHG.; cp. G. ‘was der Daus!’ (what the deuce!). See Dict. (s.v. Deuce).

=dudder,= to tremble, quake, shake. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). ‘Dudder’ is a prov. word in various parts of Scotland and England, see EDD. (s.v. Duther). See =dodder.=

=dudgeon,= the hilt of a dagger made of a kind of wood called dudgin (dudgeon). Macbeth, ii. 1. 46. ME. _dojoun_, or masere (Prompt., ed. Way, 436).

=dudgeon,= the same word as the one above, used attrib. in the sense of plain, homely; since a _dudgeon_ was regarded as a common sort of haft; ‘I am plain and dudgeon’, Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); ‘I use old dudgeon’, phrase, id., Queen of Corinth, ii. 4 (Conon).

=dudgeon-dagger,= a dagger with a hilt made of ‘dudgeon’. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1 (Curio); _dudgin dagger_, Kyd, Soliman, i. 3. 160. Shortened to _dudgeon_, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 379.

=Dugat a whee;= see =Du cat-a whee.=

=duill,= to grieve, sadden, make sorrowful; ‘It duills me’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maudlin). Cp. F. _deuil_, grief. See =dole.=

=duke,= a name for the castle or rook, at chess; ‘Dukes? They’re called Rooks by some’, Middleton, A Game at Chess, Induct. 54; Women beware, ii. 2 (Livia).

=Duke Humphrey, to dine with,= to go without dinner; ‘He may chaunce dine with duke Homphrye tomorrow’, Sir Thos. More, iv. 2. 361. One who had no prospect of a dinner would walk in St. Paul’s, under the pretence of going to see Duke Humphrey’s monument there; on the chance that he might meet there some acquaintance who would invite him. But Duke Humphrey was actually buried at St. Albans (see Stowe’s Survey, ed. Thoms, 125). Cp. Mayne, City Match, iii. 3 (Plotwell and Timothy). See Nares.

=dulcet,= the dowcet of a stag. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219. A latinized form; see =dowcets.=

=dumbfounding,= a stupefying; said to mean a rough amusement in which one person struck another hard and stealthily upon the back; ‘That witty recreation, called dumbfounding’, Dryden, Prologue to the Prophetess, 47. See EDD. (s.v. Dumbfounder).

=dummerer;= see =dommerar.=

=dump,= a fit of abstraction or musing; ‘I dumpe, I fall in a dumpe or musyng upon thynges’, Palsgrave; ‘Lethargic dump’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 973; a fit of melancholy, ‘In doleful dump’, id., ii. 1. 85; a plaintive melody or song, Two Gent. iii. 2. 85; used of a kind of dance, ‘The devil’s dump had been danced then’, Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4 (Roderigo).

=dunny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or dusky brown. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. A north-country word (EDD.). See =donny.=

=Dun’s in the mire= (the horse is stuck in the mire), the name of a rustic game in which the players had to extricate a wooden ‘dun’ (a horse) from an imaginary slough. ‘Dun is in the mire’ became a proverbial phrase, so in Chaucer, Manciple’s Prologue, 5. ‘Dun’s i’ th’ mire’, Fletcher, “Woman-hater, iv. 2 (Pandar). The game is alluded to in Romeo, i. 4. 41. ‘If thou art Dun we’ll draw thee from the mire’, and in Hudibras, iii. 3. 110, ‘Your trusty squire, Who has dragg’d your dunship out o’ th’ mire’. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (under ‘Games’), and Gifford’s Ben Jonson, vii. 283 (Nares).

=dun’s the mouse,= the mouse is brown. A jocose phrase of small meaning; sometimes used after another has used the word _done_; Romeo, i. 4. 40; London Prodigal, iv. 1. 16.

=Dunstable, plain= (a proverbial phrase), plain speaking. Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (Old Carter). Cp. the proverb, ‘As plain as Dunstable highway’, Heywood’s Eng. Proverbs, 69, 136; ‘As plain as Dunstable road’, Fuller, Worthies, i. 114 (NED.). See Nares.

=durance,= confinement. L. L. L. iii. 1. 135; 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 37; durableness, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 49. Cp. ‘As the tailor, that out of seven yards stole one and a half of durance’, i.e. durable cloth, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344.

=Durandell,= a trusty sword. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 123. OF. _Durendal_, the name of the sword of Roland (Ch. Rol. 926). See =Durindana.=

=duret,= some kind of dance; ‘Galliards, durets, corantoes’, Beaumont, Masque at Gray’s Inn, stage direction (near the end).

=duretta,= a coarse stuff of a durable quality. Mayne, City Match, i. 5 (Timothy). Also _duretto_ (NED.). Ital. _duretto_, ‘somewhat hard’ (Florio).

=Durindana,= the name of Orlando’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); _Durindan_, Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (Calveskin). Ital. _Durindana_ (Ariosto); see Fanfani. The Italian name for _Durendal_, by which the famous sword of Roland is known in the old French _Chansons de Geste_. See Gautier’s note on ‘Durendal’ in his ‘Chanson de Roland’, l. 926, p. 90.

=dust,= to hurl, fling, cast with force. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 544; xxi. 377. See EDD.

=dust-point,= a boys’ game in which ‘points’ were laid in a heap of dust, and thrown at with a stone; ‘Our boyes, laying their points in a heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call that play of theirs Dust-point’, Cotgrave (s.v. _Darde_). Fletcher, Captain, iii. 3 (Clora); Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi. (Melanthus).

=Dutch widow,= a cant term for a prostitute. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iii. 3 (Drawer).

=dutt,= to dote; ‘Dutting Duttrell’ (i.e. doting dotterel), Edwards, Damon and Pithias; altered to _doating dottrel_ in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 68; but see Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88, l. 1.

=dwine,= to pine away; ‘He . . . dwyned awaye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 8; bk. xxi, c. 12; _dwynd_, withered, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 567 (ed. Arber, p. 61). In common prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _dwynyn awey_, ‘evanesco’ (Prompt.). OE. _dwīnan_.

=dybell,= (probably) trouble, difficulty; ‘My son’s in Dybell here, in Caperdochy, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72. Perhaps the same word as ‘dibles’ (or daibles), an E. Anglian word for difficulties, embarrassments (EDD.).

E

=e-,= prefix, for the more usual _y-_ (AS. _ge-_), prefixed to past participles. Exx. _emixt_, mixed, Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 9; _etride_, tried, id., Sabrine, st. 26.

=eager,= keen, sharp, severe. Hamlet, i. 4. 2; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 231.

=eagre,= a ‘bore’ in a river; an incoming tidal wave of unusual height. Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis, 132; spelt _agar_, Lyly, Galathea, i. 1 (Tyterus). In prov. use in many forms: _aiger_, _ager_, _eager_, _eygre_, _hygre_, &c., in Yorks., Nottingham, Lincoln, and E. Anglia (EDD.). See =higre.=

=eame;= see =eme.=

=ean.= Of ewes: to lamb, bring forth young, to ‘yean’, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 36. Hence, _Eaning-time_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). ‘To ean’ is in prov. use in various spellings in many parts of England from the north country to Devon (EDD.). ME. _enyn_, ‘feto’ (Prompt. EETS. 150); OE. _ēanian_, to yean. See Brugmann, § 671.

=ear,= to plough. BIBLE, Deut. xxi. 4; 1 Sam. viii. 12; Is. xxx. 24. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _ere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 886), OE. _erian_. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=earn, erne,= to grieve, to be afflicted with poignant sorrow and compassion. Hen. V, ii. 3. 3 (mod. edd. _yearn_); Julius C., ii. 2. 129; _it earns me_, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 6 (Overdo); _earne_, to yearn, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 3; i. 6. 25; i. 9. 18; _erne_, ii. 3. 46. ME. _ȝernen_, to yearn (P. Plowman), OE. _geornan_; see Dict. M. and S., p. 267.

=earth,= a ploughing. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 50. In prov. use in Suffolk, Hants., Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Earth, sb.^{2}). OE. _erð_ for WS. _ierđ_, a ploughing (Sweet), deriv. of _erian_, to plough, ‘to ear’; not the same word as OE. _eorðe_, earth.

=easing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘Under the easing of the house’, North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 16 (end); ‘_Severonde_, the eave, eaving or easing of a house’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in various spellings, in Scotland and Ireland, and in England, in the north and Midlands to Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _esynge_, ‘tectum’ (Cath. Angl.). See =evesing.=

=eater,= a servant. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Morose).

=eath,= easy. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Shep. Kal., Sept., 17; spelt _ethe_, id., July, 90. A north-country word, once much used in poetry (EDD.). ME. _ethe_, easy (Cursor M. 597), OE. _ēaðe_, easy, _ēað_ (common in compounds).

=eathly,= easily. Peele, Order of the Garter, ed. Dyce, p. 587. Common in Scottish poetry (EDD.).

=eaths,= easily. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 130. The _s_ has an adverbial force.

=eccentric,= not concentric with; hence, disagreeing with. Bacon, Essay 23; an orbit not having the earth precisely in the centre (a contrivance in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, for explaining the phenomena), id. 17.

=eche,= to ‘eke’, to make up a deficiency; ‘To eche it and to draw it out in length’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 23 (Qq 3, 4, _eech_). Cp. Northampton dialect, ‘My gown’s too short, I must eche it a bit’, see EDD. (s.v. Eke, vb. 3). ME. _echen_, to increase (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 887), OE. (Mercian) _ēcan_, WS. _īecan_, to increase.

=edder,= an adder. Morte Arthur, leaf 290. 11; bk. xi, c. 5; Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 78. ME. _eddyr_, an adder (Prompt. EETS. 142).

=edder,= fence-wood, osiers or rods of hazel, used for interlacing the stakes of a hedge at the top; ‘Edder and stake’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 13; _eddered_, bound with edders, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 126. 7; _edderynge_, id. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England; for various spellings see EDD.

=eddish, edish,= the aftermath or second crop of grass, clover, &c.; ‘Eddish, eadish, etch, ersh, the latter pasture or grass that comes after mowing or reaping’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust. (A.D. 1681); Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 4; stubble, ‘Eddish . . . more properly the stubble or gratten in cornfields’, Bp. Kennett (NED.). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.). OE. _edisc_, ‘pascua’ (Ps. xcix. 3).

=edge,= to urge, encourage, stimulate. Bacon, Essay 41, § 5. The pronunc. of _egg_ (to incite) in use in various parts of England from Lancash. to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _eggen_, to incite (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 182), Icel. _eggja_.

=edify,= to build; ‘There was an holy chappell edifyde’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 34; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 660. F. _edifier_, to edifie, build (Cotgr.), L. _aedificare_.

=effaut,= for _F fa ut_, the full name of the musical note _F_, which was sung to _fa_ or to _ut_ according as it occurred in one or other of the hexachords (imperfect scales) to which it belonged (NED.). Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 5 (Bayes). The first hexachord contained G (the lowest note), A, B, C, D, E (but not F); the second contained C, D, E, F, G, A, sung to _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_, F being sung to _fa_; the third began with F, sung to _ut_; so that F was sung to _fa_ or _ut_, and was called F _fa ut_.

=efficace,= effectiveness, efficacy. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 602. F. _efficace_, efficacy (Cotgr.), L. _efficacia_ (Pliny).

=efficient,= creative or productive cause. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 1, § 14; id., Vulgar Errors, bk. vii, c. 4, § 2.

=egal,= equal. Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 13 (F.); _egally_, equally, Richard III, iii. 7. 213; _egalness_, equality, Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Philander). F. _égal_.

=eggs:= phr. _to have eggs on the spit_, to be busy; with reference to the old mode of roasting eggs; ‘I have eggs on the spit’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 6. 47; see Wheatley’s note.

=eggs:= phr. _to take eggs for money_, to accept an offer which one would rather refuse. Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 161. (Fully explained by me in Phil. Soc. Trans., 1903, p. 146). Farmers’ daughters would go to market, taking with them a basket of eggs. If one bought something worth (suppose) 3_s._ 4_d._, she would pay the 3_s._ and say—‘will you take eggs for money?’ If the shopman weakly consented, he received the value of the 4_d._ in eggs; usually (16th cent.) at the rate of 4 or 5 a penny. But the strong-minded shopman would refuse. Eggs were even used to pay interest for money. Thus Rowley has: ‘By Easter next you should have the principal, and eggs for the use [interest], indeed, sir. _Bloodhound._ Oh rogue, rogue, I shall have eggs for my money! I must hang myself’, A Match at Midnight, v. 1. See Nares (s.v. Eggs for Money).

=eisel,= vinegar; ‘I will drink potions of eisel’, Sh. Sonnets, cxi; spelt _eysel_. Skelton, Now Synge We, 40. ME. _esyle_, ‘acetum’ (Prompt. EETS. 147, see note no. 661); _aysel_ (Hampole, Ps. lxviii. 26). OF. _aisil_, vinegar (Oxford Ps. lxviii. 26).

=ejaculation,= a darting forth. Bacon, Essay 9, § 1.

=E-la,= the highest note in the old musical scale, sung to the syllable _la_ in the old gamut; which began with G (_ut_) on the lowest line of the base clef, and ended with E in the highest space of the treble clef. Whoever sang a higher note than this was said to sing ‘above E-_la_’. Hence anything extreme was said ‘to be above E-_la_’. ‘Why, this is above E-_la_!’ Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4 (Leontius; near the end). N.B. The old gamut was really founded on hexachords or major sixths; each hexachord contained six notes and comprised four full tones and a semitone, the semitone being in the middle, between the third and fourth note. The hexachords began (in ascending succession) upon the lower G, C, F, G (above F), C (still higher), F (above the last C), and G (above the last F). There were twenty notes in all; viz. G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E; and each of the hexachords was sung to the same syllables, _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_. The highest hexachord contained the G A B C D E at the top of the scale; and as E was thus sung to _la_, it was called E-_la_. It had no other name, because it only occurred in the highest hexachord. In hexachords beginning with F the B was flat.

=eld,= to ail; ‘What thing eldeth thee?’ Thersites, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 414. Cp. _aild_, prov. pronunc. of _ail_ (vb.): ‘He’s allus aildin’ (Worcestersh.); _aildy_, ailing, poorly, ‘I be very aildy to-day’ (Northampton); so in Beds., _teste_ J. W. Burgon, see EDD. (s.v. Ail and Aildy). In Shropsh. they say _elded_ for _ailed_.

=elder,= an elder-tree. It was an old belief that Judas Iscariot hung himself upon an elder. See L. L. L. v. 2. 610; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Carlo). See P. Plowman, C. ii. 64 (Notes, p. 31).

=elegant,= for =alicant,= q.v. A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 1. 18.

=element,= the sky. Julius Caes. i. 3. 128; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 116; Milton, Comus, 299. In common prov. use in the west country. A Somerset man describing a thunderstorm would say, ‘Th’ element was all to a flicker’ (EDD.).

=elenche, elench,= a logical refutation, a syllogism in refutation of an argument. Massinger, Emperor of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius). Also, a sophistical argument, a fallacy; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, § xiv. 5. L. _elenchus_, Gk. ἔλεγχος, cross-examination.

=elk,= the wild swan, or hooper. ‘The Elk’, in the margin of Golding’s tr. of Ovid, Metam. xiv. 509; ‘In hard winters elks, a kind of wild swan, are seen’, Sir T. Browne (Wks. ed. 1893, iii. 313); ‘_Swanne_, some take thys to be the elke or wild swanne’, Huloet. See =ilke.=

=ellops,= a kind of serpent. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. ἔλλοψ, ἔλοψ, lit. ‘mute’, an epithet of fish (so Prellwitz); name for a certain sea-fish, probably the sword-fish or sturgeon, later, a serpent.

=embase,= to debase, lower. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 20; Sonnet 82.

=embassade,= a mission as ambassador. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 32; also, quasi-adv., on an embassy, Spenser, Hymn in Honour of Beauty, 251. F. _embassade_, an embassage; also an embassador accompanied with his ordinary train (Cotgr.).

=embay,= to bathe, drench, wet, steep. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27; ii. 12. 60. Metaph., to bathe (oneself in sunshine); Muiopotmos, 200; to pervade, suffuse, F. Q. i. 9. 13.

=embayed, imbayed,= enclosed as in a bay; enveloped, engirt. Spelt _imbayed_, enclosed; Capt. Smith, Works, ed. Arber, p. 333, l. 3; _embayed_, engirt, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 230.

=embayle,= to enclose, encompass. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27.

=embezzle,= to waste, squander; ‘His bills embezzled’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lincoln); Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. iii, § 7. See NED.

=emboss,= to ornament with bosses or studs, to decorate. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 15; Shep. Kal., Feb., 67.

=embost= (of a hunted animal). A stag was said to be _embossed_ (_embost_) when blown and fatigued with being chased—foaming, panting, unable to hold out any longer; ‘The boar of Thessaly Was never so emboss’d’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 11. 3; ‘The salvage beast embost in wearie chace’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 22. Metaph., ‘Our feeble harts Embost with bale’, i. 9. 29; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 7. ME. _embose_, to plunge deeply into a wood or thicket (Chaucer, Dethe Blaunche, 353). OF. _bos_ (_bois_), a wood. See =imbost.=

=embost,= encased, enclosed (as in armour); ‘A knight . . . in mighty armes embost’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24.

=embowd,= arched over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 19.

=embraid,= to upbraid, taunt, mock. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; Tusser, Husbandry, § 112, st. 7. Cp. ME. _breydyn_ or _upbraydyn_, ‘Impropereo’ (Prompt. EETS. 64). OE. _bregdan_, to bring a charge (B. T. Suppl.), Icel. _bregða_, to upbraid, blame.

=embrave,= to embellish, decorate. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60.

=embrew,= to ‘imbrue’, cover with blood; ‘With wyde wounds embrewed’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17; Hymn of Love, 13.

=embrocata,= a thrust in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villany, Sat. xi. 57. See =imbroccato.=

=eme,= uncle. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 47; spelt _eame_, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 427. 848. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _eme_, fadiris brodyr, ‘patruus’ (Prompt.), OE. _ēam_.

=emeril,= emery. Drayton, Pol. i. 53. F. _emeril_, emery (Cotgr.); OF. _esmeril_; Ital. _smeriglio_, deriv. of Gk. σμύρις, emery-powder.

=emmarble,= to convert into marble. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 139.

=emmew,= or =enmew;= errors for =enew,= q.v.

=empair,= to harm, injure. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 48; to become less, to be diminished, id., v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Impair).

=empale,= to surround, enclose. Sackville. Induction, st. 67.

=emparlance,= parley, talk. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 50. Cp. Norm. F. _emparler_, ‘parler, entretenir’, also ‘entretien’ (Moisy), O. Prov. _emparlat_, ‘éloquent’ (Levy).

=empeach,= to hinder. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 34; ii. 7. 15; ‘I empesshe, or let one of his purpose’, Palsgrave. F. _empescher_, ‘to hinder’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _empedegar_, ‘empêcher’ (Levy), Med. L. _impedicare_, ‘implicare’ (Ducange). See =impeach.=

=empery,= dominion, rank of an emperor. Titus And. i. 1. 201; Hen. V, i. 2. 226. Norm. F. _emperie_ (Moisy), L. _imperium_, empire.

=empesshement,= hindrance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 131. 29. See =impechement.=

=emprese,= ‘emprise’, enterprise, undertaking. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 257. See NED. (s.v. Emprise).

=emprise,= an undertaking, an enterprise. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 83; chivalric enterprise, martial prowess, Milton, P. L. xi. 642; ‘In brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1. Norm. F. _emprise_, ‘entreprise’ (Moisy).

=enaunter,= lest by chance. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 200; May, 78; Sept., 161. ‘Anaunters’ is a north-country word, in the sense of ‘lest, in case that’ (EDD.). ME. _enantyr_; _an aunter_, in case that (P. Plowman, C. iv. 437); also, _an aventure_ (id., B. iii. 279), see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Aventure); Anglo-F. _en_ + _aventure_, chance (Gower).

=enbassement,= dread, terror, ‘abashment’. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 159. 25; _enbaysshement_, lf. 91. 31. Cp. ME. _enbasshinge_, bewilderment (Chaucer, Boethius 4, p. 1. 43).

=enbolned,= swollen, puffed up. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 207, l. 7 from bottom. Cp. ME. _bolnyd_, swollen (Wyclif, 1 Cor. v. 2).

=enchase,= to set (a jewel) in gold or other setting; used _fig._ Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 23; to engrave figures on a surface, Shep. Kal., August, 27; to shut in, enclose, M. Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Chapman, tr. Iliad, xii. 56; xix. 346.

=encheason,= occasion, reason. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 147. ME. _encheson_, ‘occasio’ (Prompt. EETS. 312), Anglo-F. _enchesoun_, occasion (Gower), Norm. F. _acheisun_, ‘raison, cause, motif’ (Moisy); L. _occasio_.

=endlong,= from end to end of, through the length of; ‘Endlong many yeeres and ages’, Holland, Livy, 921; right along, straight on, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 691. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _endelong_, through the length of (Chaucer, C. T. F. 992).

=endosse,= to inscribe. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 53; Colin Clout, 634; Palsgrave. Anglo-F. _endosser_, to endorse (Rough List); to write on the back of a document, deriv. of F. _dos_, L. _dorsum_, back.

=endue,= to endow; ‘God hath endued me with a good dowry’ (Vulg. _Dotavit me Deus dote bona_), BIBLE, Gen. xxx. 20; spelt _endew_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 51; ‘The King hath . . . endewed (the house) with parkes orchardes’, Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5. See =indue.=

=endurance,= also written =indurance,= patience; ‘Past the endurance of a block’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 248; imprisonment, durance, ‘I should have tane some paines to have heard you Without endurance further’, Hen. VIII, v. 1. 122 (the phrase is taken from Foxe’s account of Cranmer’s trial); ‘The indurance of their Generall’, Knolles, Hist. Turks, 1256 (NED.).

=endure,= to indurate, harden. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27. Norm. F. _s’endurer_, to harden oneself (Moisy).

=eneled,= anointed, as one who has received extreme unction. Morte Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 25; bk. xxi, c. 12; Caxton, Golden Legend, 337, see NED. (s.v. Anele).

=enew= (t. t. in hawking), to drive a fowl into the water; ‘Let her enew the fowl so long till she bring it to the plunge’, Markham, Countr. Content. (ed. 1668, i. 5. 32); ‘Follies doth enew (misprinted _emmew_, Ff.) As Falcon doth the Fowle’, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 91. Spelt _ineawe_, to plunge into the water, Drayton, Pol. xx. 284. Anglo-F. _eneauer_, to wet (Gower), Norm. F. _ewe_ (F. _eau_), water. See =inmew.=

=enewed;= see =ennewe.=

=enfeloned,= made fell or fierce. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 48.

=enfired,= kindled, set on fire. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 169.

=enform,= to mould, fashion. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 3.

=enfouldred,= hurled out like thunder and lightning. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 40. OF. _fouldre_ (F. _foudre_), Romanic type _folgere_, L. _fulgur_, a thunderbolt.

=enfounder,= to drive in, to batter in. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 30; lf. 295, back, 25; to stumble, as a horse, to ‘founder’; ‘His horse enfoundred under hym’, Berners, Arth., 87 (NED.). F. _enfondrer_ (un harnois), to make a great dint in an armour; also, to plunge into the bottom of a puddle or mire (Cotgr.).

=enginous,= ingenious. Hero and Leander, iii. 312; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 452. Cp. Scot, _engine_ (_ingine_), intellect, mental capacity (EDD.). F. _engin_, understanding reach of wit (Cotgr.). L. _ingenium_, natural capacity. See =ingine.=

=engle;= see =ingle.=

=englin,= the name of a Welsh metre. Drayton, Pol. iv. 181. W. _englyn_. The Note has: _Englyns_ are couplets interchanged of sixteen and fourteen feet.

=engore,= to ‘gore’, wound deeply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 42.

=engraile,= to give a serrated appearance to; ‘I (the river Wear) indent the earth, and then I it engraile With many a turn’, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 380; _engrail’d_, variegated, ‘A caldron new engrail’d with twenty hues’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 761.

=engrain,= to dye ‘in grain’, or of a fast colour. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 131. See Dict. (s.v. Grain).

=engrave,= to bury. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 42; ii. 1. 60.

=enhalse,= to greet, salute. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 58. See =halse.=

=ennewe,= to tint, shade; ‘With rose-colour ennewed’, Calisto and Meliba, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 62; ‘The one shylde was enewed with whyte’, Morte Arthur, leaf 55. back, 24; bk. iii, ch. 9 (end). Perhaps fr. F. _nuer_, to shade, tint (Godefroy), see NED.

=enow,= pl. form of ‘enough’; ‘Foes enow’, Milton, P. L. ii. 504; ‘Christians enow’, Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 24; ‘French quarrels enow’, Hen. V, iv. 1. 222. ME. _ynowe_: ‘Wommen y-nowe’ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 233), OE. _genōge_, pl. of _genōg_, enough.

=enpesshe,= to hinder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 238. 6; 329. 19. See =empeach.=

=enrace,= to introduce into a race of living beings. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52; vi. 10. 25; Hymn of Beauty, 114.

=ens,= being, entity. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Asper). Med. L. (in philosophy) _ens_, entity, a neuter pres. pt. formed fr. L. _esse_, to be.

=enseam,= to cleanse (a hawk) of superfluous fat; ‘_Ensemer_, to inseam, unfatten’, Cotgrave; ‘Clene ensaymed’, Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 79. OF. _esseimer_, ‘retirer le _saim_ (la graisse)’, see Moisy (s.v. Ensaimer), deriv. of _saim_ fat, Med. L. _sagīmen_, ‘adeps’ (Ducange).

=enseam,= to contain together, include. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 35; to introduce to company, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Monsieur). See NED. (s.v. Enseam, vb.^{4}).

=enseamed,= marked with grease; ‘In the ranke sweat of an enseamed bed’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 92. F. _enseimer_ (now _ensimer_), to grease (Hatzfeld). [Schmidt connects this word with ‘enseam’, to cleanse a hawk; see above.]

=enseignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § last. F. _enseignement_ (Cotgr.).

=ensigns,= insignia, marks of honour. Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.

=ensnarl,= to entangle. Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 9. A north Yorks. word (EDD.). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt. EETS. 460).

=entail, entayl,= to carve, cut into. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; ii. 6. 29; _entayle_, ornamental work cut on gold, id., ii. 7. 4.

=enterdeal,= negotiation. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 21; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 785.

=entermete,= to concern oneself, occupy oneself, meddle with. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 154, back, 13. ME. _entremeten_, refl. to meddle with (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1026). Anglo-F. _s’entremettre_, to occupy oneself (Gower).

=enterprize,= to receive, entertain as a host. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 14; In this sense peculiar to Spenser.

=entertain,= to take into one’s service; Gent. Ver. ii. 4. 105; Richard III, i. 2. 258; to keep in one’s service, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 2; to give reception to, Com. Errors, iii. 1. 120; the reception of a guest, Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 1085; F. Q. v. 9. 37; Pericles, i. 1. 119.

=entertake,= to receive, entertain. Only in Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 35.

=entire.= Used of friends _wholly_ devoted to one another; ‘My most sincere and entire friend’, Coryat, Crudities, Ep. Ded.; ‘Your entire loving brother’, Bacon, Essays, Ep. Ded. [cp. F. _ami entier_]. From the notion of intimacy was developed the sense: inward, internal, ‘Their hearts and parts entire’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 23 and 48; iii. 1. 47; iii. 7. 16.

=entradas,= receipts, revenues. Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (Severino). Span. _entrada_, revenue.

=entraile,= to twist, entwine, interlace. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; iii. 6. 44; Shep. Kal., Aug. 30; Prothalamion, 25; a coil, F. Q. i. 1. 16. Cp. F. _traille_ (_treille_), lattice-work (Cotgr.).

=entreat,= to treat, use. Richard II, iii. 1. 37; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 4 (Perez); Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 7; ‘He entreated Abram well’, BIBLE, Gen. xii. 16; ‘Despytfully entreated’, Tyndale, Luke xviii. 32. OF. _entraiter_, to treat, use (Godefroy).

=entreglancing,= interchange of glances. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 46.

=entries,= places through which deer have recently passed. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).

=entwite,= to rebuke, reproach, reprove, to ‘twit’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 1; Roister Doister, ii. 3 (song); p. 36. Altered form of ME. _atwiten_, to reproach, twit, OE. _æt-witan_.

=enure,= to put into operation, to ‘inure’, carry out, practise. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 29; v. 9. 39.

=envy,= to feel a grudge against; to begrudge; to treat grudgingly; to have grudging feelings. Milton, P. L. iv. 317; King John, iii. 4. 73; Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 551. The stress is often on the latter syllable.

=envy,= to injure, disgrace, calumniate. Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1 (Juletta); Shirley, Traitor, iii. 3 (Duke).

=envỳ,= to emulate, ‘vie’ with. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 17; iii. 1. 13. F. _envier_ (au jeu), to vie (Cotgr.), L. _invitare_, to invite, challenge.

=ephemerides,= properly, tables showing the positions of the heavenly bodies (or some of them) for every day of a period, esp. at noon. But used vaguely for an almanac or calendar that noted some of these things. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Surly); Bp. Hall, Sat. ii. 7. 6; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, i. 1, § 3. Gk. ἐφημερίς, a diary.

=Ephesian,= a boon companion. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 164. A cant term; used like ‘Corinthian’ in 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13.

=epiky,= reasonableness, equity; ‘Such an epiky and moderacion’, Latimer, 5 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 143). Gk. ἐπιείκεια, reasonableness; from ἐπιείκής, fitting, equitable.

=epiphoneme,= an exclamatory sentence, used to sum up a discourse. Puttenham, Art of Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 12 (ed. Arber, p. 125); Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Mary), vol. vi, p. 123. Gk. ἐπιφώνημα.

=epitasis,= the part of a play wherein the plot thickens. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (end). Gk. ἐπίτασις.

=epitrite,= in prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and a short one. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Gk. ἐπίτριτος.

=equal=(=l,= fair, equitable, just, impartial. BIBLE, 1539, Psalm xvii. 2; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Bartolus); iv. 4. 15; _equally_, justly, id., iv. 5 (Diego).

=equipage,= equipment; retinue. Sh., Sonnet 32; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 114. F. _equipage_, ‘equipage, good armour; store of necessaries; _Equipage d’un navire_, her Marriners and Souldiers’ (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Equip). See =esquip.=

=erased,= in heraldry; said of an animal’s head, with a jagged edge below, as if torn violently from the body. Also used humorously of an ear, Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 214.

=eremite,= one dwelling in the desert; ‘This glorious eremite’, Milton, P. R. i. 8 (used with allusion to the original meaning of the Greek word). Eccles. Gk. ἐρημίτης, one who has retired into the desert from religious motives, a hermit, deriv. of ἔρημος, wilderness (Matt. iii. 1).

=erie, ery,= every. Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 17; § 57. 11. Also several times in Turbervile’s Poems. A contracted form, like _e’er_ for _ever_.

=eringo, eryngo,= the candied root of the sea-holly, used as a sweetmeat, and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Merry Wives, v. 5. 23. Ital. _eringio_, sea-holly (Florio), L. _eryngion_, Gk. ἠρύγγιον, dimin. of ἤρυγγος, sea-holly.

=erne,= an eagle. Golding, Metam. vi. 517; fol. 74 (1603). A Scottish literary word (EDD.). OE. _earn_ (Matt. xxiv. 28).

=errant:= phr. _an errant knight_, a knight-errant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 38; i. 10. 10. Anglo-F. _errer_, to travel, to march (Ch. Rol. 3340), O. Prov. _edrar_ (_errar_), Med. L. _iterare_, ‘iter facere’ (Ducange).

=errant,= ‘arrant’. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron); ‘Sir Kenelm Digby was an errant mountebank’, Evelyn, Diary (Nov. 7, 1651). See NED. (s.v. Errant, 7).

=errour,= wandering, roving. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 7.

=erst,= once upon a time, formerly. Hen. V, v. ii. 48; Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2. 5; previously, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 18. ME. _erst_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 776), OE. _ǣrest_, superl. of _ǣr_, soon.

=esbatement,= amusement. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 160. 15; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 10. Anglo-F. _esbatement_, diversion (Gower). F. _esbatement_, ‘divertissement’ (Rabelais), OF. _esbatre_, ‘se divertir’ (Bartsch).

=escape,= a wilful error; a great fault. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 150); Othello, i. 3. 197.

=escot,= to pay a reckoning for, to maintain; ‘How are they escoted’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 362. OF. _escoter_, ‘payer l’écot’ (Didot), Anglo-F. _escot_, payment, reckoning at a tavern (Gower); _escot_ (payment) occurs in the Statutes of the Realm, i. 221 (13th cent.), see Rough List. See Ducange (s.v. Scot, Scottum). _Escot_ (payment) is the same word as ‘scot’ or ‘shot’, in prov. use for payment of a tavern reckoning (EDD.).

=escuage,= lit. shield-service; personal service in the field for 40 days in the year; later, a money payment in lieu of it, also called ‘scutage’. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 148. Anglo-F. _escuage_, Med. L. _scutagium_, deriv. of L. _scutum_, a shield (Ducange).

=escudero,= a squire. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). Span. _escudéro_, an esquire, a servant that waits on a lady (Stevens), deriv. of _escúdo_, a shield, L. _scutum_.

=esguard,= a tribunal existing among the Knights of St. John, to settle differences between members of the order. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 (Valetta). OF. _esgard_, ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’. Med. L. _esgardium_: ‘De vassallo delinquente in Dominum, Dominus potest de ce quod tenet ab ipso, ipsum per Exguardium dissaisire (Id est, judicio parium suerum interveniente)’, quotation from Statutes (Ducange). O. Prov. _esgart_, ‘regard, décision, jugement; condamnation pécuniaire; égard, considération’; _esgardar_, ‘regarder, considérer; décider, juger’ (Levy).

=esloin, esloyne,= to remove to a distance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. F. _esloigner_ (Cotgr.).

=esmayed,= dismayed. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 308. 6; 329, back, 9. Anglo-F. _s’esmaier_, to be dismayed (Gower).

=esmayle,= enamel. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 242. F. _esmail_ ‘enammel’ (Cotgr.).

=espial,= the action of espying or spying. Bp. Hall, Contempl. O. T. xix. 9 (NED.); a company of spies, Elyot, Governour, iii. 6. 236; _espials_, spies, Bacon, Essay, 48; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 6; Hamlet, iii. 1. 32. See NED.

=esquip,= to equip. _Esquippe_, Baret, Alvearie; _esquipping_, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 577. F. _esquiper_ (_equiper_), to equip, arm, store with necessary furniture (Cotgr.). See =equipage.=

=essoyne,= excuse, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. ME. _essoyne_, excuse for non-appearance in a law-court (Chaucer, C. T. I. 164). Anglo-F. _essoigne_ (_essoyne_), excuse, a legal term (Rough List), see Ducange (s.v. Sunnis). Med. L. _essoniare_, ‘excusationem proponere’ (Ducange), of Teutonic origin, cp. Goth. _sunjôn_, ‘excusare’ (2 Cor. xii. 19).

=estate,= rank, dignity; ‘He poisons him in the garden for his estate’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 273; Macbeth, i. 4. 37; _estates_, men of rank, nobles, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). F. _estat_, office, dignity, rank, degree which a man hath (Cotgr.). See Bible Word-Book.

=estivation:= phr. _place of estivation_, a summer-house. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5. Deriv. of L. _aestivus_, pertaining to summer.

=estres,= apartments, dwellings, quarters; the inner rooms in a house, divisions in a garden, &c.; spelt _estures_ [printed by Caxton _eftures_]. Morte Arthur, leaf 392, back, 3; bk. xix, ch. 8. ME. _estres_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _estre_, habitation, dwelling (Gower); _estres_, inward parts of a house (Rough List); OF. _estre_, ‘domuncula, aedificium’, see Ducange (s.v. _Estra_).

=estridge,= an ostrich, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 98; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 197; spelt _estrich_, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 2 (Incubo); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 124). ME. _estrich_ (Voc. 585, 22). O. Prov. _estrutz_, ‘autruche’ (Levy).

=eten, ettin,= a giant; ‘Giants and ettins’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3) (Wife). ME. _ȝeten_ (Gen. and Ex. 545), OE. _eoten_, a giant, cp. Icel. _jötunn_.

=Etesian,= (properly) the epithet of certain winds, blowing from the NE. for about forty days annually in summer; ‘Etesian winds’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xvi, c. 25 (end); ‘Etesian gales’, Dryden, Albion, Act i (Iris). L. _etesius_; Gk. ἐτήσιος, annual, from ἔτος, year.

=ethe;= see =eath.=

=eugh,= yew; ‘The Eugh, obedient to the bender’s will’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 9; Bacon, Essay 46. ME. _ew_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2923), OE. _īw_.

=eure,= destiny, fate, luck. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 235, back, 8; spelt _ure_, Skelton, Colin Clout, 1003; _to be ured_, to be invested with, as by the decree of fate, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6; _ewre_, to render happy, Palsgrave. Hence _eurous_, _ewrous_, lucky, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 227. 30; lf. 228. 19. ME. _ure_, fate, good luck (Barbour’s Bruce). OF. _eür_, ‘sort, bonheur’ (Bartsch), O. Prov. _aür_, _agur_, destiny, Romanic type _agurium_, L. _augurium_, augury, omen. See =ure, male-uryd, misured.=

=evelong,= oblong. Golding, Metam. viii. 551, fol. 101 (1603). ME. _evelong_, ‘oblongus’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, i. 405). Cp. Icel. _aflangr_, oblong, Dan. _aflang_; L. _oblongus_.

=event,= to cool, by exposing to the air; ‘To event the heat’, Mirror for Mag., Clyfford, st. 8; to find vent, ‘Whence that scalding sigh evented’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 3 (Angelo). F. _esventer_, to fan or winnow; _s’esventer_, to take vent or wind (Cotgr.).

=ever among,= continually, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 12.

=evertuate,= _reflex._, to endeavour. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xvi, p. 72; ‘I have evirtuated myself’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. ii, let. 61 (end). Anglo-F. _s’esvertuer_, to exert oneself, endeavour (Gower).

=evesing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘A dropping evesing’, Schole-house of Women, 912; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iv. 140. ME. _evesynge_ (P. Plowman, C. xx. 193), deriv. of _evese_, the edge of the roof of a building, the ‘eaves’, OE. _efes_ (Ps. ci. 8). See =easing.=

=evet,= an eft, a newt. Lyly, Euphues, p. 315. See EDD. for prov. forms. OE. _efeta_. See =ewftes.=

=evicke,= a wild goat. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 122 (rendering of αἲξ ἄγριος). See NED. (s.v. Eveck).

=ewftes,= efts. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23. See =evet.=

=exacuate,= to sharpen, whet, provoke. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 (Compass).

=Exaltation of the Holy Cross,= the Feast observed on Sept. 14. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 37. 16.

=exampless,= for _example-less_, without an example, unparalleled. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 4 (Silius).

=Excalibur,= the name of King Arthur’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); ‘The try’d Excalibour’, Drayton, Pol. iv (Nares).

=excheat,= ‘escheat’, profit, lit. that which is fallen to one. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 25; iii. 8. 16. Anglo-F. _eschete_, _eschaëte_ (Rough List), Med. L. _escaeta_, deriv. from Romanic type _escadére_ (F. _echoir_), Med. L. _excadere_, ‘jure haereditario obvenire; in aliquem cadere, ei obvenire’ (Ducange).

=exercise,= an act of preaching, discourse; a discussion of a passage of Scripture. Richard III, iii. 2. 112; iii. 7. 64; Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Oliver).

=exhale,= to hale forth, drag out. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Crispinus); cp. Hen. V, ii. 1. 66.

=exhibition,= allowance, fixed payment. King Lear, i. 2. 25; Othello, i. 3. 238; London Prodigal, i. 1. 10. Med. L. _exhibitio_, ‘praebitio’; _exhibere_, ‘praebere alimenta et ad vitam necessaria’ (Ducange). See Prompt. EETS. 161, and Rönsch, Vulgata, 312. Hence the term ‘exhibition’ in the University of Oxford for annual payments made by a College to deserving students.

=exigent,= state of pressing need, emergency, decisive moment. Julius Caesar, v. 1. 19; Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 63; extremity, end, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 9; phr. _to take an exigent_, to come to an end, A Merry Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 546; _exigents_, straits, Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 (Warwick).

=exigent,= an urgent command; _a writ of exigent_ was one commanding the sheriff to summon the defendant to appear, and to deliver himself up on pain of outlawry. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 370; iii. 1. 1036. Anglo-F. _exigende_, L. _exigenda_, from _exigere_, to exact. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).

=exoster,= a hanging-bridge, used by men besieging a city; ‘Exosters, Sambukes, Catapults’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 9. L. _exostra_, Gk. ἐξώστρα, a bridge _thrust out_ from the besiegers’ tower against the walls of the besieged place; deriv. of ὠθέειν, to thrust.

=expend,= to weigh, examine, consider. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 9, § 1; c. 29, § 3. L. _expendere_, to weigh out.

=expert,= to experience. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 186.

=expire,= to breathe out. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; iv. 1. 54; to fulfil a term, i. 7. 9; to fly forth from a cannon, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 188.

=expiscate,= to ‘fish out’, i.e. to find out by inquiry. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 181. L. _expiscari_, to fish out; deriv. of _piscis_, a fish.

=explete,= to complete, to satisfy; ‘To explete the act’, Speed, Hist. ix. 21, § 71; ‘Nothing under an Infinite can expleat the immortall minde of man’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. 123. L. _explere_, to fill out.

=exploit,= success; ‘His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte’, Berners, tr. Froissart, ii. 91. 272. ME. _espleit_, success (Gower, C. A. V. 3924), Anglo-F. _exploit_, _espleit_, _esplait_, speed, success (Rough List).

=exploit,= to accomplish, achieve; ‘I _exployt_, I applye or avaunce myself to forther a busynesse’, Palsgrave; ‘They departed without _exploytinge_ their message’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 26, § 8; ‘To exploit some warlike service’, Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares).

=express,= to press out, squeeze out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 42.

=expulse,= to expel. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 5; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, c. 17, § 9. L. _expulsare_, freq. of _expellere_, to expel.

=extend= (a legal t. t.), to seize upon lands, in execution of a writ. Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach); to seize upon land, Ant. and Cl. i. 2. 105. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).

=extent= (a legal t. t.); ‘A writ or commission to the Sheriff for the valuing of lands or tenements; also, the Act of the Sheriff or other Commissioner upon this writ’, Cowell, Interpreter; Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1035; Massinger, City Madam, v. 2 (Luke); As You Like It, iii. 1. 17.

=extinct,= to extinguish. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2 (end); hence _extincted_, pp., Othello, ii. 1. 81.

=extirp,= to extirpate. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 25. L. _extirpare_, _exstirpare_, deriv. of _stirps_, the stem of a tree.

=extort,= extorted. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 5; v. 10. 25.

=extraught,= extracted. 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 142. Cp. _distraught_ for _distract_, _distracted_.

=extreate,= extraction, origin. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 1. ME. _estrete_, extraction, origin (Gower, C. A. i. 1344), OF. _estraite_, birth, origin (Assizes de Jer., ch. 134); see Bartsch (Glossary).

=extree,= axle-tree. Golding, Metam. ii. 297; fol. 19, back (1603). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.^{1}), ME. _ex-tre_ (Prompt. EETS. 145).

=eyas,= a young hawk taken from the nest for the purpose of training; _eyas hauke_, a young untrained hawk, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 34; _eyas-musket_ (used jocularly of a sprightly child), Merry Wives, iii. 3. 22; ‘An aerie of children little eyases’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 355. F. _niais_ (Fauconnerie), ‘qui n’a pas encore quitté le nid’ (Hatzfeld), L. _nidacem_, deriv. of _nidus_, a nest, cp. Ital. _nidiace_, ‘taken out of the nest, a simpleton’ (Florio). See =niaise.=

=eye,= a brood; esp. of pheasants; ‘An Eye of Pheasaunts’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 118 (E. K. Gloss.); ‘An Eye of tame pheasants Or partridges’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Worlidge, Dict. Rust. 252; Coles, Lat. Dict. (1677). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Eye, sb.^{2}); also in the form _nye_ (_nie_, _ni_), see EDD. OF. _ni_, ‘nid’ (La Curne).

=eyre,= to ‘ear’, to plough. Drayton, Robert Duke of Normandy, st. 5. See =earth.=

=eysel;= see =eisel.=

F

=faces about,= the same as ‘right-about face’, i.e. turn round the other way. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1. 14; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (Ralph); Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Y. Loveless).

=fackins.= The forms here given are distortions of _fay_ (faith), frequent in trivial quasi-oaths. _By my fackins_, B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 3; _By my feckins_, Heywood, 1 Edw. I, iii. 1; _By my facks_, Middleton, Quiet Life, ii. 2; _By my feck_, Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 3. Cp. _I’ faikins_, in truth, verily, used in Scotland, Lakeland, and Lancashire (EDD.). See =fay= (1).

=fact,= evil deed, crime. Meas. for M. iv. 2. 141; v. 439; Wint. Tale, iii. 2. 86; Macb. iii. 6. 10; _in the fact_, in the act, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 173.

=fadge,= to fit, suit, agree; ‘Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their stomachs’, Robertson, Phras. 708; ‘How ill his shape with inward forme doth fadge’, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, i. 1. 172; to succeed, to turn out well, ‘How will this fadge?’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 2. 34; to get on well, to thrive, ‘Let him that cannot fadge in one course fall to another’, Cotgrave (s.v. Mouldre). In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to fit, suit; to make things fit; to succeed, thrive, see EDD. (s.v. Fadge, vb.^{3}).

=fading,= the name of a dance; ‘Fading is a fine jig’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, iv. 5 (end). ‘With a fading’ was the refrain of a popular song of an indecent character, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.

=fagary,= a vagary, freak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Goshawk); Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy). See =fegary.=

=fagioli,= French beans. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. _fagioli_, ‘french peason, kidney beanes’ (Florio), Late L. _phaseolus_ (Pliny), earlier L. _phaselus_ (Virgil), Gk. φάσηλος, a kidney-bean.

=fail, fayl,= to deceive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; iii. 11. 46. F. _faillir_, to deceive (Cotgr.).

=fain,= to rejoice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 36. Hence _fayning_, gladsome, wistful, Hymn of Love, 216. OE. _fægnian_, to rejoice.

=fair,= fairness, beauty. Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 81 (Rasni); Death of E. of Huntingdon, ii. 1 (Salisbury); iii. 4 (Leicester); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 255, 282.

=fairy money,= money given by fairies, which turned to dry leaves if talked about; ‘Such borrowed wealth, like Fairy-money . . . will be but Leaves and Dust when it comes to use’, Locke, Human Und. I, iv. (NED.); Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1 (Montague). See Davies.

=faitour,= an impostor, cheat, a lying vagabond. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 39; _faytor_, F. Q. i. 12. 35; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173. See Notes to Piers Plowman, p. 166. The word means a sham, a maker-up of a character. OF. _faitour_, _faiteör_, Romanic type _factitorem_.

=fa la,= a snatch of song; ‘The fiddle, and the _fa las_’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). From the notes in the upper part of the gamut—_fa_-sol-_la_-si. Hence, _fa la la_, as a refrain of a song.

=fall,= the blast blown on a horn at the death of the deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 315. See =mort.=

=fall,= a collar falling flat round the neck. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); _falls_, pl., Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (2 Fellow).

=fall,= autumn; ‘The hole yere is deuided into iiii. partes, spring-time, somer, faule of the leafe, and winter’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 48; Dryden, tr. Juvenal, Sat. x. In prov. use in various parts of England, very common in America (EDD.).

=fall,= to let fall, Temp. ii. 1. 296; Richard III, v. 3. 135; to happen, Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 188.

=falling bands;= see =band.=

=false:= phr. _to false a blow_, to make a feint, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; ii. 5. 9. Cp. Cymbeline, ii. 3. 74.

=falser,= a deceiver. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec.; Epilogue, 6.

=falx,= a term in wrestling; a grip round the small of the back. Drayton, Pol. i. 244; Carew, Cornwall, 76. F. _faux du corps_ (Sherwood, s.v. Wast). See NED. (s.v. Faulx).

=famble,= hand. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 87. Icel. _fálma_, the hand; cp. Swed. _famle_, to grope; cognate with OE. _folm_, a hand.

=famble,= a ring. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). So called because worn on the hand. See above.

=famelic,= exciting hunger, appetizing. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Busy). L. _famelicus_, hungry; from _fames_, hunger.

=Familist,= one of the sect called the Family of Love. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). See Dyce’s introduction to the Family of Love, by the same dramatist.

=fang,= to take, seize, seize upon. Timon, iv. 3. 23; spelt _vang_ (Southern), London Prodigal, iii. 3. 5; _fanged_, pp., Northward Ho, i. 2. 6. OE. _fōn_, to take; pp. _gefangen_.

=fanterie,= infantry; ‘Cavallery [cavalry] and Fanterie’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. vi, c. 20; vol. i, p. 128 g; _Fanteries_, foot-soldiers, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 152. OF. _fanterie_ (Roquefort); Ital. ‘_fantería_, infantry; _fante_, a boy, a foot soldier’ (Florio); short for _infante_, an infant. Cp. ME. _faunt_, child (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 101), whence surname ‘Fauntleroy’.

=fap,= drunk. Merry Wives, i. 1. 183.

=farandine,= a kind of cloth, made partly of silk and partly of wool. Spelt _farrendon_, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 1 (Lucy); _ferrandine_, a gown of this material, id. v. 2 (Mrs. Joyner). Said to be from F. _Ferrand_, the name of the inventor (_c._ 1630). See NED.

=farce,= to stuff, fill out; ‘Farce thy lean ribs’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); ‘The farced title’ (i.e. stuffed, tumid), Hen. V, iv. 1. 280; ‘Wit larded with malice, and malice farced with wit’, Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 64. See Dict. (s.v. Farce).

=farcion, farcyon,= the farcy, a disease in horses, akin to glanders. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 93. F. _farcin_; see Hatzfeld. See =fashions.=

=fardle,= to furl a sail. Golding, Metam. xi. 483; fol. 138 (1603). F. _fardeler_, to truss or pack up (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Fardel).

=fare,= course; track of a hare. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 16; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2. 18. OE. _fær_, course; from _faran_, to go.

=far-fet,= fetched from afar. Milton, P. R. ii. 401. Things ‘far-fet’ were proverbially said to be good (or fit) for ladies; ‘Farre fet and deere bought is good for Ladyes’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 93). See The Malcontent, v. 2 (Mendoza); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, 1 Prologue; Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Argurion).

=farlies,= strange things, wonders. Drayton, Pol. x. 170. ‘Ferlies’ (or ‘fairlies’) is in common use in Scotland for ‘sights, show things to be seen, lions’, see EDD. (sv. Ferly, 4). ME. _ferly_, strange, wonderful; also, a wonder (Barbour’s Bruce), OE. _fǣrlic_, sudden, unexpected.

=fashions,= or =fashion,= the ‘farcy’, a disease of the skin in horses, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 53; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Andelocia). See =farcion.=

=fast and loose,= a cheating game with a leather strap, which is made up in intricate folds and laid edgewise on a table; the novice thrusts a skewer into it, thinking to hold it fast thereby, but the trickster takes hold of both ends and draws it away. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 1 (Theodore); City Nightcap, iv. 1 (Dorothea).

=faste,= faced, having faces; ‘Some faste Like loathly toades’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 12.

=fastidious,= distasteful, displeasing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1; disdainful, B. Jonson, New Inn, Ode (at the end), l. 7.

=fatch,= a ‘vetch’; ‘A fatch for Love!’, Turbervile, The Penitent Lover, last stanza; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 1 (note on the word _Cicero_). See EDD. (s.v. Fatch).

=fault,= a misfortune. Pericles, iv. 2. 79; Massinger, Bondman, v. 1 (Leosthenes).

=faun,= for =fawn,= an act of fawning upon; a cringing. Phineas Fletcher, An Apology for the Premises, st. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 4 (Tucca).

=fausen,= a kind of eel (?). Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 190. In Kent _fazen-eel_ is in use for a large brown eel; see EDD. (s.v. Fazen).

=fautie,= ‘faulty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 99. 2. The ordinary pronunciation in Scotland, and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Faulty). F. _fautif_.

=fautor,= an adherent, partisan; spelt _faultor_, Mirror for Mag., Worcester, xx; a protector, patron, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 441; xi. 325. F. _fauteur_, ‘a fauter, favourer, protector’ (Cotgr.); L. _fautor_, a favourer, patron.

=fautress,= a patroness. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 670.

=Favell,= a personification of flattery; ‘The fyrste was Favell, full of flatery, Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 134; ‘Favell hath a goodly grace In eloquence’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 216). ME. _Fauel_: ‘Bothe Fals and Fauel and fykeltonge Lyere’ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 6); see Notes, pp. 42, 43. Hoccleve, in his De Regimine Principum (ed. Wright, pp. 106, 111), fully describes _favelle_ or flattery, and says, ‘In wrong praising is all his craft and arte’. See =curry-favell.=

=fawting,= favourable. Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 21 (ed. 1575). See =fautor.=

=fay,= faith. Spenser, F. Q. v. S. 19; phr. _by my fay_, by my faith, Romeo, i. 5. 128. ME. _fey_, faith (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1126); Anglo-F. _fei_ (F. _foi_). See =fackins.=

=fay,= to clear away filth, to clean out a ditch or pond. Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2. 4: Holland, tr. Livy, xxi. 37 (ed. 1609, 414); spelt _fie_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia: in the former ‘fey’ is the usual form, in the latter ‘fie’, see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{1}). Icel. _fǣgja_, to cleanse, polish.

=fayles,= a variety of backgammon, played with three dice. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 8. 104. Described in Gifford’s note; so called because a particular throw caused the adversary _to fail_. See NED. (where there is cited from Ludus Anglicorum (_c._ A.D. 1330) ‘Est et alius ludus qui vocatur Faylys’). See Nares.

=feague,= to settle one’s business, to take one in hand, to dispose of. Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Oliver); also (Sir Joslin’s Song); iv. 2 (Sir Oliver). Spelt _fegue_, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 1 (end). Cp. G. _fegen_, to sweep, to clean, to furbish; also, to chastise, rebuke; Du. _vegen_. See NED.

=feague,= to whip. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). Probably the same word as above. See EDD. (s.v. Feag).

=feak,= a dangling curl of hair. Marston, Sat. i. 38. See NED.

=feants,= for _fiants_ or _fyaunts_; see =fiants.= Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 98.

=fear,= an object of terror. Hamlet, iii. 3. 25; Milton, P. L. ix. 285; to terrify, Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 221; 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 2. ‘To fear’ is used in this sense in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=feat,= made, fashioned. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 2 (Sir N. Treadle); clever, dexterous, Cymb. v. 5. 88; graceful, ‘She speaks feat English’, Fletcher, Night-walker, iii. 6; neat, becoming, Temp. ii. 1. 273; to make a person elegant, Cymb. i. 1. 49. ‘Feat’ is in gen. prov. use in the sense of suitable, also, dexterous, adroit, smart (EDD.). F. _fait_, made; _fait pour_, made for, suitable for.

=featuously,= elegantly, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv, Ballad of Dowsabel, 24; _feateously_, dexterously, nimbly, Spenser, Prothal. 27. ME. _fetysly_, exquisitely; _fetys_, well-made, handsome, graceful (Chaucer). OF. _fetis_, _feitis_; L. _facticius_.

=feature,= fashion, make, form. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44; ‘The grim Feature’ (used of Satan), Milton, P. L. x. 279.

=feaze;= see =feeze.=

=feeze.= The threat ‘I’ll feeze you’ seems to have given rise to the sense. To ‘do for’, ‘settle the business of’, also, to beat, flog. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Ricardo); _veeze_, Massinger, Emperor East, iv. 2 (Countryman); _pheese_, Tam. Shrew, Induct, i. 1. ‘To fease’ is in prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England—Midlands, E. Anglia, and South Coast, in the sense of to drive away, to put to flight (EDD.). OE. _fēsan_, to drive away; cp. Norw. dialect _föysa_ (Aasen).

=fegary, figary,= ‘vagary’, freak, whimsical trick. Spelt _figuary_, Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2 (Clown); _fegary_, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Diego). See =fagary.=

=fegue;= see =feague.=

=felfare,= a field-fare. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (L. Beaufort). So in Nottingham and Warwick (EDD.).

=fell,= a marsh, a fen. Drayton, Pol. iii. 113; see NED. (s.v. Fell, sb.^{2} 2 b).

=fell,= gall, rancour. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 2. L. _fel_, gall.

=fell’ff,= the ‘felloe’ of a wheel, part of the wheel-rim. Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 525. A Yorks. pron. of ‘felloe’ (EDD.). OE. _felg_.

=fellowly,= companionable, sympathetic. Temp. v. 1. 64; _fellowlie_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 55.

=felly,= cruelly, fiercely. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 50.

=felness,= fierceness, spite, anger. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 37.

=feltred,= with wool matted close together; ‘Feltred ram’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iii. 219; ‘His felter’d locks’, Fairfax, Tasso, iv. 7. See EDD. (s.v. Felter).

=feme, feeme,= a woman; ‘Take time therefore, thou foolish Feeme’, Turbervile, On the divers Passions of his Love, st. 3 from end. OF. _feme_ (F. _femme_).

=feminitee,= womanhood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 51.

=fennel,= supposed to be an emblem of flattery; ‘How this smells of fennel’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Count F.). See Nares.

=fenny,= spoiled with damp, mouldy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 44; ‘_Fenny_, mouldy as fenny cheese’, Worlidge, Ray’s English Words, 1691. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. _fynig_. See =finewed.=

=fensive,= ‘defensive’, capable of defence. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 301; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 4 (st. 4 from end).

=fere, feere,= a companion, mate, spouse. Titus Andron. iv. 1. 89. Often spelt _pheer_, _pheere_, as in Spenser, Muse of Thestylis, 100. ME. _fere_ (Chaucer). OE. _ge-fēra_, a companion.

=ferk;= See =firk= (2).

=ferle,= a ‘ferule’; a rod, sceptre; ‘The one of knight-hoode bare the ferle’, Mirror for Mag., Mortimer, st. 9.

=ferme,= a lodging; ‘His sinfull sowle with desperate disdaine Out of her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23.

=ferrandine;= see =farandine.=

=ferrary,= farriery, the art of working in iron. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xiv. 141.

=ferrour,= ‘farrier’. Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). OF. _ferrier_ (Godefroy).

=ferse,= the piece now known as the ‘queen’ in chess. Surrey, To the Lady that scorned, 12, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 21; ‘_Fers_, The Queen at Chess-play’, Bullokar. ME. _fers_ (Chaucer, Book Duch., 654). OF. _fierce_, also, _fierge_ (Roman Rose), Med. L. _fercia_ (Ducange). Of Persian origin, _ferzên_, prop. ‘wise man’, ‘counsellor’, cp. Arab, _firzân_, queen in chess.

=ferula,= a flat wooden bat, used by schoolmasters for inflicting pats on the palm of a boy’s hand. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 41 (in Shak. Plut., p. 96, n. 1); Englished as _ferule_, Hall, Satires, iv. 1. 169. L. _ferula_.

=fescue,= a little stick or pin, for pointing out the letters to children learning to read. Hall, Satires, iv. 2. 100; Dryden, Prologue to Cleomenes, 38. Hence, the gnomon of a dial; Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 84. OF. _festu_ (F. _fétu_), a straw, O. Prov. _festuc_, for L. _festūca_, a straw (cp. O. Prov. _festuga_).

=festinately,= hastily. L. L. L. iii. 1. 6. Deriv. of L. _festinus_, hasty.

=fet,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ fetched; ‘David sent, and fet her to his house’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. xi. 27, Acts xxviii. 13 (ed. 1611); ‘This conclusion is far fet’, Jewel (Wks., ed. Parker Soc. i. 146); ‘Deep-fet groans’, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 33; B. Jonson, Silent Woman, Prol. ‘To fet’ is in gen. prov. use for ‘fetch’ in Lancashire and Midland counties (EDD.) ME. _fette_, pt. s. of _fecchen_, and _fet_ pp. (Chaucer). OE. _fette_, pt. s., and _fetod_, pp. of _fetian_, to fetch (B. T.).

=fetch,= a trick, stratagem. Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 2; Hamlet, ii. 1. 38; King Lear, ii. 4. 90. In gen. prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Fetch, sb.^{2} 14).

=fetch in,= to seize upon, apprehend. Ant. and Cl. iv. 1. 14, Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 1 (Parthenius).

=fetuous,= well-formed, well-made. Herrick, The Temple, 68; _featous_ (NED.). See =featuously.=

=feutred,= featured, fashioned. J. Heywood, The Four Plays, Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 19, col. 1; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. The strange spelling _feautered_ also occurs (NED.).

†=fewmand.= Only in B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earnie): ‘They [a young badger and a ferret] fewmand all the claithes’. ‘Fewmand’ belongs to the imaginary dialect of the piece; it apparently means ‘to foul’, ‘to soil’.

=fewmets,= the excrement of a deer. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 2 (John); Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306; ‘_Fumées_, the dung or excrements of Deer, called by woodmen, fewmets, or fewmishing’, Cotgrave. Cp. F. _fumier_, dung, manure, cogn. w. L. _fimus_, dung, excrement. See NED. (s.v. Fumet).

=fewterer,= a term of the chase, one who looks after the dogs in the kennel, and lets them loose at the proper time. Beaumont and Fl., Tamer Tamed, ii. 2; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 2. See =yeoman-fewterer.= ME. _vewter_, a keeper of greyhounds (Bk. Curtasye 631, in Babee’s Bk., ed. 1868, p. 320). Anglo-F. _veutrier_, Med. L. _veltrarius_ (Ducange), deriv. of Romanic type _veltrus_, a greyhound. Cp. O. Prov. _veltre_, It. _veltro_, for older L. _vertragus_, a greyhound, a Gaulish word.

=feyster,= to fester, as a wound. Morte Arthur, leaf 394, back, 31; bk. xix, c. 10.

=fiant, fiaunt,= a warrant. Spenser, Mother Hub. 1144. L. _fiant_, in phr. _fiant literae patentes_, let letters patent be made out; used of a warrant addressed to the Irish Chancery for a grant under the Great Seal (NED.).

=fiants,= the excrements of certain animals, esp. of the fox or badger, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 76, p. 216; _fyaunts_, id., c. 66, p. 184. F. _fiente_, the excrement of certain animals (Cotgr.).

=fico,= a fig. Gascoigne, Herbes (Wks., ed. 1587, 153); as a type of anything valueless or contemptible, ‘A fico for the phrase’, Merry Wives, i. 3. 33. Ital. _fico_. See Stanford.

=fidge,= to keep in continual movement. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Cokes); Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Hodge); ‘_Remuer_, to move, stir, fidge’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=fie;= see =fay= (to clean).

=fig of Spain,= a contemptuous gesture, consisting in thrusting the thumb between two of the closed fingers. Hen. V, iii. 6. 62; phr. _to give the fig_, to insult thus, 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 123. See Nares.

=figent,= fidgeting restless. Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 (Vertaigne); Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan); Chapman and others, Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Quicksilver). Deriv. of =fidge.= See Nares.

=fig-frail,= a basket for holding figs. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iv. 5 (Bungler). See =frail.=

=figging-law,= the art of cutting purses and picking pockets. Dekker, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See NED.

=figgum,= (perhaps) a juggler’s trick. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 5 (Sir P. E.).

=fights,= screens of cloth used during a naval engagement, to conceal and protect a crew. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 142; ‘Bear my fights out bravely’, Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Dryden, Amboyne, iii. 3 (Song); Heywood, Fair Maid of West, iv (Wks., ed. 1874, ii. 316); Phillips, Dict. 1706.

=figo,= a fig. Hen. V, iii. 6. 60; iv. 1. 60. Span. _figo_; L. _ficus_. See =fico.=

=filch,= a hooked staff, used by thieves. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); also called a _filchman_, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 4.

=file,= the thread, course, or tenor of a story or argument. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 37. F. _fil_, a thread, L. _filum_.

=file,= to render foul, filthy, or dirty; ‘To file my hands in villain’s blood’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iii (Scarborow); Macbeth, iii. 1. 65. In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). OE. _fȳlan_ (in compounds), deriv. of _fūl_, foul.

=filed,= polished with the ‘file’; neatly sculptured; also _fig._ of literary work. Tale of Pygmalion, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 131; ‘True-filed lines’, B. Jonson, Pref. Verses to Shakespeare (1623), 68.

=fill;= _fills_, pl., the ‘thills’ or shafts of a cart. Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 48; hence _fill-horse_, a shaft-horse, Herrick, The Hock-cart, 21; spelt _phil-horse_, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 100. ‘Fill’ and ‘fill-horse’ are both in prov. use (EDD.). See =thiller.=

=filograin,= ‘filigree’. Butler, On P. Nye’s Thanksgiving Beard, l. 13 from end. Ital. _filigrana_ (Fanfani). See Dict. (s.v. Filigree).

=fincture,= a feint, in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 54. Ital. _finctura_, _fintura_ (NED.); deriv. of L. _fingere_, to feign.

=fine,= end. Much Ado, i. 1. 247; Hamlet, v. 1. 113.

=fineness,= ingenuity. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 209; Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 (Master).

=finewed,= musty, mouldy. Mirr. for Mag., Lord Hastings, st. 28; spelt _fenowed_, ‘The Scripture . . . is a Panary of holesome foode against fenowed traditions’, BIBLE, 1611, The Translators to the Reader; _vinewed_, Baret, Alvearie (s.vv. Mouldie _and_ Hoarie); Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 15 (in the Folios _whinid_). ‘Vinnewed’ (or ‘Vinnied’), mouldy, is in common prov. use in the south-west of England, see EDD. (s.v. Vinny). See =fenny.=

=fingle-fangle,= a trifle. Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 454.

=fire-drake,= a fiery dragon; hence, a meteor. Hen. VIII, v. 4. 45; Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (_or_ 5), near the end. OE. _fȳr-draca_; _fȳr_, fire, and _draca_, L. _draco_, Gk. δράκων, a dragon; cp. E. _dragon_.

=fireship,= a prostitute. (Cant.) Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon). [Smollett, Roderick Random, 1. xxiii.]

=firk,= to beat, trounce. Hen. V, iv. 4. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Firk, 4).

=firk,= to cheat, rob. Dekker, Honest Wh. (NED.); spelt _ferk_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Firk, 2, c).

=firk,= to move about briskly, to frisk, gallop. Shirley, Hyde Park, iv. 3 (Song). See NED. (s.v. Firk, 3 b).

=firk,= a frisk; (humorously), a dance. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 2 (Lacy).

=firk up,= to trim up. Shirley, Constant Maid, ii. 1 (Playfair).

=fisgig,= a light, worthless female, fond of gadding about. Tusser, Husbandry, § 77. 8; ‘_Trotiere_, a fisgig, fisking huswife, gadding flirt’, Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Fizgig).

=fisk,= to scamper about, frisk, move briskly; ‘Then he fyskes abrode’, Latimer, Fourth Sermon (ed. Arber, p. 104); ‘Tome Tannkard’s Cow . . . fysking with her taile’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2; _fysking_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 45. 2; ‘Fisking about the house’, Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre). A Shropshire word (EDD.).

=fist,= a contemptuous expression; ‘Fist o’ your kindness!’, Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2] (Gertrude). Also spelt _fiste_, _fyste_, _foist_; the orig. sense is a breaking wind, a disagreeable smell. See NED. (s.v. Fist, sb.^{2}).

=fisting-hound,= a spaniel; a contemptuous term. Fleming, tr. of Caius’ Dogs; in Arber, Eng. Garner, iii. 287. See above.

=fitches,= ‘vetches’. BIBLE, Isaiah xxviii. 25; _fytches_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 40, § 70. 8. ‘_Vesce_, . . . fitch or vitch’, Cotgrave. ‘Fitches’ in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.).

=fitchock, fichok,= a polecat. Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); Scornful Lady, v. 1 (end). ‘Fitch’ is a common prov. word for the polecat; see EDD. (s.v. Fitch, also, Fitchock).

=fitten, fitton,= an untruth, an invention. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 54. ‘Fitten’ is in prov. use for ‘an idle fancy’, ‘a pretence’, in Hants., Wilts., and Somerset (EDD.). ME. _fyton_ or lesynge, ‘mendacium’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 729).

=fitters,= fragments, rags, pieces. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 4; Pilgrim, i. 1. 22. In prov. use in the north (EDD.).

=five-and-fifty,= the highest number to stand on, at the game of primero. But it could be beaten by a flush, i.e. when the cards were all of one colour. ‘As big as _five-and-fifty and flush_’; as confident as one who held five-and-fifty in number, and also held a flush; so that he could not be beaten; B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).

=five eggs:= in phr. _to come in with one’s five eggs_, to break in or interrupt fussily with an idle story; ‘Persones coming in with their five egges, how that Sylla had geuen ouer his office’, Udall, tr. of Erasmus’s Apoph., p. 272; ‘Another commeth in with his fiue egges’, Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 56). The orig. phrase had reference to the offering of _five eggs for a penny_, which was a trivial offer, and not very advantageous to the purchaser in the sixteenth century; See =eggs= (2).

=fiveleaf,= cinquefoil, _Potentilla reptans_. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 229; ‘Of Cinquefoyle, or Five-finger grasse’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 56.

=fives,= a disease of horses. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54; ‘Vyves, a disease that an horse hath, _avives_’, Palsgrave; so Cotgrave; ‘_Adivas_, the disease in Horses and other Beasts call’d the Vives’, Stevens, Span. Dict., 1706. Of Arabic origin, _ad-dhîba_, ‘morbi species qua affici solet guttur jumenti’ (Freytag); see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 45.

=fixation,= in alchemy; the process that rendered the elixir fixed. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=flacket,= a flask, bottle, or vessel; ‘A flacket of wyne’, Great Bible (1539), 1 Sam. xvi. 20; ‘A flacket, _Uter formam habens doliarem_’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in Yorkshire for a small cask-shaped vessel for holding beer (EDD.). ME. _flaket_, ‘obba, uter’ (Cath. Angl.); _flakette_, ‘flasca’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. _flaket_ (Gower).

=flag,= used as a sign or signal; ‘A flag and sign of love’, Othello, i. 1. 157; ‘His flag hangs out’ (i.e. as an advertisement), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 1 (Valeria); ‘’Tis Lent, the flag’s down’ (i.e. there is no flag flying above the theatre, because it is Lent, and the performances are suspended), Middleton, A Mad World, i. 1 (Follywit).

=flaighted, fleighted,= terrified. Golding, Metam. iv. 597; fol. 52 (1603); id., xi. 677. See NED. (s.v. Flaite, also, Flight). ‘To flight’ means properly ‘to put to flight’, hence, ‘to frighten’, ‘to scare’. Cp. EDD. (s.v. Flaite).

=flanker,= a fortification protecting men against a ‘flank’ or side attack; ‘Flankers . . . cannon-proof’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Rossaline).

†=flantado,= flaunting display. Only occurs in Stanyhurst (tr. Aeneid, i. 44).

=flapdragon,= a combustible put in liquor, to be swallowed flaming; e.g. a raisin set on fire. L. L. L. v. 1. 45; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause). Hence, as vb., to swallow quickly, Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 100.

=flapjack,= a pancake; also, an apple turnover. Pericles, ii. 1. 87; Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Vincent); see Nares. In prov. use in E. Anglia, Sussex, and Somerset (EDD.).

=flappet,= a little flap; ‘A flappet of wood’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3), Ralph. The sense of _flap_ is here uncertain; perhaps a fly-flapper, to keep off flies.

=flash,= a pool, a marshy place. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 60; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 70. In common prov. use in the north country, also in Lincoln and Shropshire; occurring frequently in place-names, see EDD. (s.v. Flash, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _flasch_, ‘lacuna’ (Prompt.), OF. _flache_, ‘locus aquis stagnantibus oppletus’ (Didot), Med. L. _flachia_ (Ducange).

=flask,= to flap; also, to cause to flutter; ‘To flask his wings’, Golding, Metam. vi. 703 (fol. 77); ‘The weather flaskt . . . her garments’, id., ii. last line.

=flasky,= (perhaps) belonging to a ‘flask’ or ‘flash’, a muddy pool; ‘The flasky fiends of Limbo lake’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 149. See NED.

=flat-cap,= a London citizen; esp. a London apprentice; ‘Flat-caps thou call’st us. We scorne not the name’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV, sc. 1 (NED.); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 1 (Song, st. 4). See Nares.

=flatchet,= a sword. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 92; _flachet_, iii. 241. 529. Cp. MHG. _flatsche_, _flasche_, a sword with a broad blade (Weigand).

=flatted,= laid flat, levelled, made smooth. Dryden, Ceyx and Alcyone, 131; tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 158. See EDD. (s.v. Flat, v. 21).

=flaunt-a-flaunt,= flauntingly displayed. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163.

=flaw,= a gust of wind. Arden of Fev. iv. 4. 44; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 354; Hamlet, v. 1. 239. Metaphorically, a quarrel; Webster, White Devil (Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. In prov. use in Scotland, also, in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. dial, _flaga_, a gust of wind (Aasen).

=flaw,= to ‘flay’. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Flaw, vb. 7).

=fleck,= to spot, stain; hence _fleckt_, spotted in the cheek, flushed with wine; ‘And drinke, till they be fleckt’, Mirror for Mag., Norfolk, st. 25. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Fleck, vb.^{1} 5). Cp. Norw. dial. _flekk_, a spot (Aasen).

=fledge,= fully fledged, ready to fly. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii. 147; ‘Fledge souls’, Herbert, Temple, Death. OE. _flycge_, fledged; cp. G. _flügge_. See Dict. (s.v. Fledge). See =flidge.=

=fleet,= to be afloat. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 171; to be overflowed, to be covered with water; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33; to pass or while away (time), As You Like It, i. 1. 124. OE. _flēotan_, to float.

=fleet,= to skim cream off milk; ‘I shall fleet their cream-bowls’, Grim the Collier, iv. 1 (Robin), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 443; Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 336). In prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, vb.^{2}). OE. _flēt_, cream. Cp. Bremen dial. _flöten_, ‘die Sahne von der Milch abnehmen’ (Wtb.).

=fleeten,= pale, of the colour of skimmed milk; ‘You fleeten face!’, Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 (Conon).

=fleet,= a creek, inlet, run of water. Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 191; xxv. 51. 129. In prov. use in various parts of England; esp. in E. Anglia and Kent; hence the name of Northfleet, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, sb.^{1} 9). OE. _flēot_, estuary.

=fleme,= to put to flight. Morte Arthur, leaf 318. 8; bk. xiii, c. 16; lf. 414, back, 16; bk. xx, c. 17. OE. _flēman_ (Anglian), to put to flight; deriv. of _flēam_, flight.

=flert;= see =flirt.=

=flesh,= to feed with flesh, to satiate, All’s Well, iv. 3. 19; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 133; to feed the sword with flesh for the first time, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 133; to make fierce and eager for combat, King John, v. 1. 71. Hence _fleshed_, eager for battle, inured to bloodshed, Richard III, iv. 3. 6; ‘A flesh’d ruffian’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2 (Zabulon).

=fletcher,= a maker or seller of arrows. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 110; ‘Jack Fletcher and his bolt’, Damon and Pithias (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 19). Anglo-F. _fleccher_, arrow-maker (Rough List); F. _flèche_, arrow.

=flete,= to float. Surrey, Description of Spring, 8; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 4. _Fletyng_, floating, swimming, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 259. See =fleet.=

=flew,= the large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound; as of a bloodhound. Hence _flews_, with the sense of flaps, or flapping skirts, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre). Hence also _flew’d_, having flews (of a particular quality), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 125.

=flew,= a tube, pipe; see =flue.=

=flibote, fly-boat,= a fast-sailing vessel. Heywood, King Edw. IV (Spicing), vol. i, p. 38; If you know not me (Medina), vol. i, p. 336. Dutch _Vlie-boot_, boat on the river _Vlie_, the channel leading out of the Zuyder Zee. See NED. (s.v. Fly-boat).

=flicker,= to flutter. Fletcher, Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Dryden, Palamon, 1399. Metaph. to make fond movements, as with wings: Palsgrave has, ‘_I flycker_, I kysse together.’

=flicker-mouse,= a bat, a ‘flittermouse’. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1; ‘_Ratepenade_, a bat, rearmouse or flickermouse’, Cotgrave. A Sussex word (EDD.).

=flidge,= fledged, furnished with feathers. Warner, Albion’s England. bk. ii, ch. 10, st. 48; Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 4, p. 33; _flig_, Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 408). OE. _flyege_, fledged. See =fledge.=

=flight,= an arrow for long distances, light and well-feathered. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); _flight-shot_, the distance to which a flight-arrow is shot, about 600 yards; ‘A flite shot over, as much as the Tamise is above the Bridge’, Leland, Itin. (ed. 1744, iv. 41); ‘It being from the park about two flight-shots in length’, Desc. of Royal Entertainment, 1613 (Works of T. Campion, ed. Bullen, p. 179); ‘Two flight-shot off’, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iv. 5. 2.

=flip-flap,= a fly-flapper, for driving away flies. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 2 (Andelocia); _flyp-flap_, a lap of a garment, Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 508.

=flirt, flert,= to throw with a jerk, to jerk, fillip. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii (ed. Arber, 84); Drayton, Pol. vi. 50; to move with a jerk, to dart, to take short quick flights, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 31).

=flirt-gill, flurt-gill, flurt-gillian,= a woman of light behaviour, a flirt. Romeo, ii. 4. 162; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 1 (Wife); _flurt-Gillian_, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady). ‘Gill’ and ‘Gillian’ are forms of the Christian-name ‘Juliana’.

=flitter-mouse,= a bat. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Alken); Alchemist, v. 2 (Subtle). In common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=flix,= fur of the hare. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 132. Also applied to other animals; ‘the flix of goat’, Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iv, l. 104. In prov. use for the fur of a hare, rabbit, or cat, see EDD. (s.v. Flick, sb.^{3}).

=float,= flow, flood of the tide. Ford, Love’s Sacr. ii. 3; _in float_, at high water, ‘Hee being now in Float for Treasure’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 128); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Rod). See =flote= (wave).

=flocket,= a loose garment with long sleeves. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 53.

=Florentine,= a kind of pie; meat baked in a dish, with a cover of paste. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, v. 1 (Lazarillo); ‘I went to Florence, from whence we have the art of making custards, which are therefore called Florentines’, Wit’s Interpreter (Nares).

=flote,= a fleet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 142, back, 31; 216, back, 1; Hakluyt, Voy. i. 296, l. 2; spelt _floate_, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 135. OE. _flota_, a ship, fleet (BT.).

=flote,= a wave, billow; also, the sea; ‘The Mediterranean Flote’, Tempest, i. 2. 234; ‘The flotes of the see’, Caxton, Jason, 114 (NED.). OF. _flot_, a wave (Hatzfeld); cp. OE. _flot_, the sea (Sweet).

=flote,= to skim milk, to take off the cream. Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 1. See EDD. (s.v. Float, vb. 16).

=flower-de-luce,= the ‘fleur-de-lis’, a plant of the genus Iris. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 11; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 16; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 127; also, the heraldic lily, the armorial emblem of France, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 80.

=flown:= ‘The Sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine’, Milton, P. L. i. 502; ‘Flowen with wine’, Ussher, Ann, vi. 250 (NED.). ‘Flown’ was orig. used of a stream in full flow, ‘in flood’; ‘Cedron . . . in wynter . . . is mervaylously flowen with rage of water’, Guilford’s Pilgrimage (ed. Camden Soc. 31). See NED. (s.v. Flow, vb. 11 b).

†=fluce,= to flounce, plunge; ‘They [cattle] backward fluce and fling’, Drayton, The Moon-calf, 1352. Not found elsewhere.

=flue, flew,= an air-passage, a tube or pipe. In NED. (s.v. Flue, sb.^{3}) is this note:—‘The following passage is usually quoted as the earliest example of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral cavity of a shell. But _flue_ is probably a misprint for _flute_. [The quotation follows]: 1562, Phaer, _Aeneid_ x [l. 209 of Lat. text] With whelkid shell Whoes wrinckly wreathed _flue_, did fearful shril in seas outyell.’ But this suggestion cannot be right; for the word occurs again in a parallel passage, where the spelling is _flew_, occurring at the end of a line, and riming with _blew_; viz. ‘Dolphins blew, And Tritons blowe their Trumpes, y^{t} sounds in seas w^{t} dropping _flew_,’ Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, v. 824.

=fluence,= a flowing stream. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224; also, fluency, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, vol. ii, p. 86).

=flundering,= ‘floundering’, plunging and tossing; ‘Th’ unruly flundring steeds’, H. More, Song of Soul, i. 1. 17; Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio); the word makes no sense here, for the passage is intentional nonsense. But it’s a loud-sounding and impressive word.

†=flundge,= fly out, are flung out. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 59. An onomatopoeic word, not found elsewhere.

=flurt at,= to sneer at, to scoff at. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 19; Beaumont and Fl., Rule a Wife, iii. 2; id., Pilgrim, i. 1; iii. 1; Wild Goose Chase, ii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Flirt, vb. 4 a).

=flush,= a term at primero; when a player held four cards of the same colour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). See =five-and-fifty.=

=fluxure,= fluidity; also, moisture; ‘Moisture and fluxure’, B. Jonson, Induct. to Ev. Man out of Humour (Asper); Mirror for Mag., Cromwell (by Drayton), st. 117. Late L. _fluxura_ (Tertullian).

=fly,= a domestic parasite, a familiar. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Theoph.). Also, a familiar spirit; ‘I have my flies abroad’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Face). See NED. (s.v. Fly, sb.^{1} 5, a, b.).

=fly-boat;= see =flibote.=

=fob;= See =fub= (2).

=fobus,= a cheat; for _fob-us_, i.e. cheat us; from _fob_, to cheat. ‘You old fobus’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Jerry).

=fode,= a creature, person, man. Squire of Low Degree, l. 364; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 37; The World and the Child, l. 4; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. Also, a companion, id. 247. ME. _fode_, a person, creature (Prov. Hendyng, 63); see Dict. M. and S.

=fode, foad,= to beguile with show of kindness or fair words, to soothe in fancied security. Golding translates ‘Favet huic Aurora timori’, in Ovid, Met. vii. 721, by ‘The morning foading this my feare’, ed. 1587, 99^{b}. Skelton has _fode_, Magnyfycence, 1719. ME. _foden_, to beguile (Will. Palerne, 1646).

=fog,= rank, coarse grass. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 399; ‘Fogg in some places signifies long grass remaining in pasture till winter’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust.; ‘Fogge, _postfaenium_’, Levins, Manipulus. Hence _foggy_, abounding in coarse grass, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 115; moist, Golding, Metam. xv. 203. ‘Fog’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for the aftermath; the long grass left standing in the fields during winter (EDD.). ME. _fogge_ (Cleanness, 1683, in Allit. Poems, 85). Norm. dial. _fogge_, long grass (Ross).

=fog,= to traffic in a servile way, hunt after, cheat. _Fogging_ rascal, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto). A back-formation from _fogger_; cp. ‘pettyfogger’; see Dict. (s.v. Petty).

=foggy,= flabby, puffy, corpulent; ‘Fat and foggy’, Contention betw. Liberality and Prodigality, v. 4 (Lib.); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 377; ‘_Un enbonpoint de nourrice_, a plump, fat, or foggy constitution of body’, Cotgrave; ‘Foggy, to [too] ful of waste flesshe’, Palsgrave. Also _fog_, bloated, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 672. ‘Foggy’ is in prov. use in the north country for fat, corpulent.

=fogue,= fury. Dryden, Astraea Redux, 203. Ital. _foga_, fury, violent force (Florio).

=foil, foyle,= to tread under foot, trample down; ‘That Idoll . . . he did foyle In filthy durt’, Spenser. F. Q. v. 11. 33; the tread or track of a hunted animal, ‘What? hunt a wife on the dull foil!’, Otway, Venice Preserved, iii. 2 (Pierre); _foyling_, ‘_Foulée_, the slot of a stag, the fuse of a buck (the view or footing of either) upon hard ground, grass, leaves, or dust; we call it (most properly) his foyling’, Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Foil, vb.^{1} 2).

=foil, foyle,= repulse, defeat, disgrace. Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 18; 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 23. See above.

=foin,= a thrust, in fencing. King Lear, iv. 6. 251; ‘Keep at the foin’ (i.e. do not close in fight), Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 389.

=foist,= a light galley; ‘The Lord Mayor’s foist,’ B. Jonson, Epig. cxxxiii; Voyage, 100; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. F. _fuste_, ‘a foist, a light galley’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _fusta_, ‘a foist, a fly-boat, a light galley’ (Florio); O. Prov. _fusta_, ‘poutre, bois, vaisseau, navire’ (Levy); Med. L. _fusta_, a galley, orig. a piece of timber (Ducange). See =galley-foist.=

=foist= (a term in dice-play), to ‘palm’ or conceal in the fist, to manage the dice so as to fall as required, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); to cheat, play tricks, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); a cheat, a pickpocket, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1; a trick, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Vol.); _foister_, a cheat, a sharper, Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 32. Du. _vuisten_, to keep in the fist; _vuist_, the fist. See NED.

=folk-mote,= an assembly of the people. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 6. OE. _folc-mōt_; _folc_, folk, people, and _mōt_, a moot or meeting.

=folt,= a foolish person. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 304; _foult_, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1. ME. _folett_, ‘stolidus’ (Prompt.). OF. _folet_, ‘a pretty fool, a little fop, a young coxe, none of the wisest’ (Cotgr.).

=folter.= Of the limbs: to give way; ‘His [the horse’s] legges hath foltred’, Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. 1, ch. 17; of one’s speech: to stumble, to stammer, Golding, Metam. iii. 277. See NED. (s.v. Falter, vb.^{1}).

=fon,= a fool. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 59. ME. _fon_ (Wars Alex. 2944); _fonne_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4089).

=fond,= to play the fool, become foolish; to dote; ‘I fonde, or dote upon’, Palsgrave. Hence _fonded_, befooled, full of folly, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 489 (L. _demens_, l. 374); ‘A fonded louer’ (an infatuated lover), Turbervile, The Lover, seing himselfe abusde, renounceth love, l. 11.

†=fond,= to found. Misspelt, for the sake of a quibble upon _fond_, foolish; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Hammon).

=fone,= foes. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 10; Visions of Bellay, v. 10. OE. _ge-fān_, foes; pl. of _ge-fā_, a foe.

=foody,= abounding in food, supplying food. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 104; ‘Their foody fall,’ their settlement in a food-supplying place, id., xv. 638. ‘Foody’ is in prov. use in the north of England for rich, fertile, full of grass (EDD.).

=footcloth,= a large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a horse and hanging down to the ground on each side; considered as a mark of dignity and state (NED.). 2 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 51; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 2 (Thierry); ‘My foot-cloth horse’, Richard III, iii. 4. 80; hence _foot-cloth_, a horse provided with this adornment, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 10.

=foot-pace,= a raised platform for supporting a chair of state. Bacon, Essay 56, § 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 466. F. _pas_, a step.

†=foot-saunt,= a game at cards; also called _cent-foot_, and apparently the same as _cent_. Only in Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. See =cent.=

=fopdoodle,= a simpleton. Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, ii. 1 (Calaminta); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 998.

=for-,= intensive prefix, as distinct from _fore-_, beforehand. OE. _for-_. Examples are given below: as _for-do_, _-hale_, _-slack_, _-slow_, _-speak_, _-spent_, _-swatt_, _-swonck_, _-weary_, _-wounded_.

=for,= against, in order to prevent; chiefly with a sb. of verbal origin. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 2; Two Gent. of Verona, i. 2. 136; _for going_, i.e. to prevent going, to save from going, Pericles, i. 1. 40. (Common; and, if the meaning be not caught, the sense of the sentence is altered.)

=forby, foreby,= hard by, near. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; v. 2. 54; by, id., v. 11. 17. ME. _forby_ (Barbour’s Bruce, x. 345).

=force.= _Of force_, of necessity, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 5. 2; _on force_, Heywood and Rowley, Fortune by Land, &c., ii. 1 (John); Works, vi. 381; _force perforce_, by violent constraint, King John, iii. 1. 142; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 116; _to hunt at force_, to run the game down with dogs instead of slaying with weapons, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin).

=force.= _It is force_, it is of consequence or importance; usually negative, _it is no force_, it does not matter, _no force_, no matter, _what force_? what matter?; ‘No force for that, for it is ordered so’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (Works, ed. Bell, 217). ME. _no force_, _no fors_, no matter, no consequence; _what fors_, what matter (Chaucer). Cp. Anglo-F. _force ne fe_t, it makes no force, it matters not (Bozon).

=force,= to trouble oneself, care; ‘I force it not’, I reck not of it, I care not for it, Mucedorus, Induction, 68; _it forceth not_, it matters not, it is not material, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 52). See NED. (s.v. Force, vb.^{1} 14 b).

=fordo,= to destroy, overcome. Hamlet, ii. 1. 103. OE. _fordōn_, to destroy.

=fore-,= prefix; often miswritten for the prefix _for-_, as in _forespent_ for _forspent_. See under =for-.=

=forehand:= in phr. _forehand_ (_shaft_), an arrow used for shooting straight before one. Ascham, Toxoph. p. 126; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52; former, previous, Much Ado, iv. 1. 51; foremost, leading, Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 618; in the front, the mainstay, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 143.

=forelay,= to lie in wait for. Dryden, Palamon, i. 493; also, to hinder, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid xi, 781.

=forepoynted,= appointed beforehand. Gascoigne, Hermit’s Tale, § 2; ed. Hazlitt, ii. 141.

=fore-right,= right on, straight ahead. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, ii. 3. 8; said of a favourable wind, Massinger, Renegado, v. 8 (Aga). In prov. use in Devon and Cornwall in the sense of straight forward (EDD.).

=foreset.= _Of foreset_, of set purpose, purposely. Ferrex and Porrex, ii. 2, chorus, 13. See NED.

=forespeak,= to predict; especially, to foretell evil about one. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 792; xvii. 32; Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Mother Sawyer).

=forfaint,= very faint, extremely languid. Sackville, Induction, § 15; Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 73.

=forfare,= to perish, decay; ‘Thonge Castell . . . is now forfaryn’, Fabyan, Chron., Pt. V, c. 83 (side-note); ed. Ellis, 61. ME. _forfaren_ (Gen. and Ex. 3018).

=forgetive,= inventive. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 107. A word of uncertain formation, commonly taken to be a deriv. of the vb. ‘to forge’.

=forgrown,= grown out of use. Gascoigne, Prol., to Hermit’s Tale, ed. Hazlitt, i. 139.

=forhaile,= to distract. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 243. See NED. (s.v. For-, prefix^{1} 5 b).

=for-hent,= seized beforehand. Better _fore-hent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49. From _fore_, before, and _hent_, caught, from OE. _hentan_, to seize.

=forhewed,= much hacked, severely cut. Sackville, Induction, st. 57.

=forjust,= to tire out in ‘justing’, beat in a tilting-match. Morte Arthur, leaf 162. 35; bk. viii, c. 33.

=forkhead,= the head of an arrow, with two barbs pointing forward, instead of backward, as in the _swallow-tail_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 135.

=forks,= a forked stake used as a (Roman) whipping-post. Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); ii. 4 (Decius). L. _furcae_, pl., forks; hence, a yoke under which defeated enemies passed; also, a whipping-post.

=forlore,= utterly wasted. Sackville, Induction, st. 48; _forlorne_, made bare, id. st. 8. OE. _forloren_, pp. of _forlēosan_, to lose, also, to destroy.

=formerly,= first of all, beforehand. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 38; vi. 3. 38. Also, just now, even now; id., ii. 12. 67; Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 362.

=forpine,= to waste away. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 15; _forpined_, wasted, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 91.

=forsane,= _pp._ ‘forsaken’, avoided, Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 720; xi. 412. I can find no third example of the form _forsaken_ being thus contracted. (Not in NED.).

=forslack, foreslack,= to delay, to spoil by delay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12; vii. 7. 45.

=forslow,= to delay. Marlowe, Edw. II, ii 4. 39. Ill spelt _foreslow_, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 56; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 5 (Macilense).

=forsonke,= deeply sunk. Sackville, Induction, st. 20.

=forspeak,= to speak against. Ant. and Cl. iii. 7. 3.

=forspeak,= to bewitch. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 1 (Asotus); Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 12; ‘They [the witches] saie they have . . . forespoken hir neighbour’, R. Scot, Discov. Witchcraft, iii. 2. 45 (NED.); ‘_Fasciner_, to charm, bewitch, forspeak; _fasciné_, forspoken’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland for ‘to bewitch’, ‘to cause ill-luck by immoderate praise’ (EDD.). ME. _forspekyn_, or charmyn, ‘fascino’ (Prompt.).

=forspent,= exhausted. 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 37; misspelt _forespent_, Sackville, Induction, st. 12.

=forswatt,= covered with ‘sweat’. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99.

=forswonck,= spent with toil. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. See =swink.=

=forth dayes,= late in the day. Morte Arthur, leaf 402, back, 19; bk. xx, c. 5. ME. ‘Whanne it was forth daies hise disciplis camen’, Wyclif, Mark vi. 35.

=forthink,= to regret, to be sorry for. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 32; ‘I forthynke, I repent me, _Je me repens_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word (EDD.), ME. _forthynke_, ‘penitere’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. for _forþencan_, to despise.

=forthright,= straight forward. Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 1076; id., Palamon, ii. 237; used as sb., a straight course, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 158. In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Forth). ME. _forth right_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 295).

=forthy,= therefore, on that account. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 14; Shep. Kal., March, 37. ME. _for-thy_, therefore (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1841); OE. _for-ðȳ_.

=forwaste,= wasted utterly. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. (Better _forwast_, where _wast_ is contracted from _wasted_.) _Forwasted_, laid waste, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 1.

=forwearied,= extremely wearied. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 13; Davies, Orchestra, 58 (Arber’s Garland, v. 37).

=forwhy,= because. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 412, col. 1; Richard II, v. 1. 46. ME. _for-why_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 461); see Dict. M. and S., and Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=forwithered,= utterly withered. Sackville, Induction, st. 12.

=forworn,= worn out, exhausted. Gascoigne, Jocasta, iv. 1 (Antigone).

=forwounded,= badly wounded. Morte Arthur, leaf 175, back, 26; bk. ix, c. 9.

=foster,= a ‘forester’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 17; iii. 4. 50. Hence the surname ‘Foster’.

=fougade,= a small powder-mine; applied to the gunpowder plot of Guy Fawkes; ‘The fougade or powder plot’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, § 17. F. _fougade_, a mine (Cotgr.).

=foulder,= a thunder-bolt. Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 47; hence as vb., to drive out, as with a thunder-bolt, id., Mortimer, st. 4. Anglo-F. _fouldre_ (Gower).

=fouldring,= thunderous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 20.

=foumerd,= a ‘foumart’, polecat. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. For numerous forms of this very general prov. name for the polecat see EDD. (s.v. Foumart). See =fulmart.=

=fourraye,= to fall upon, attack, raid; lit. to foray, plunder, act as forayers. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 203. 8; _foureyed and threstid_, charged and thrust, id., leaf 299. 29. See NED. (s.v. Foray).

=foutra, footra,= an expression of contempt; _a foutra for_, a fig for. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 103; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). For the origin, see NED.

=fowe, fow,= to clean out, cleanse; ‘I fowe a gonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in some parts of England for the more usual ‘fey’ or ‘fie’, see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{2}). ME. _fowyn_, or make clean, ‘mundo, emundo’ (Prompt. EETS. 184, see note no. 833); Icel. _fāga_, to clean.

=fowl,= a bird; pronounced like _fool_, and quibbled upon. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 18-20.

=fox,= a kind of sword. Hen. V, iv. 4. 9; ‘A right [genuine] fox’, Two Angry Women, ii. 4 (Coomes). The wolf on some makes of sword-blade is supposed to have been mistaken for a fox.

=foxed,= drunk. (Cant.) Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 3 (Clown); _fox_, to make drunk, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near the end); Pepys, Diary, Oct. 26, 1660.

=fox-in-the-hole,= a game in which boys hopped on one leg, and beat each other with pieces of leather (Boas). Kyd, Soliman and Persida, i. 3 (end); Herrick, The Country Life, 57.

=foy,= fidelity, homage. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 41. F. _foi_, faith.

=fraight,= _pp._ fraught, loaded. Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce, p. 601, col. 1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 35.

=frail,= a basket made of rushes. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 2 (Peregrine); ‘A frail of figges’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Silena); ‘_Cabas_, a frail for raisins or figs’, Cotgrave; so Palsgrave. In common prov. use in various parts of England—the Midlands, E. Anglia, and south-west counties—for a soft flexible basket used by workmen and tradesmen (EDD.). ME. _ffrayl_ of _ffrute_, ‘carica’ (Prompt.), _fraiel_ (Wyclif, Jer. xxiv. 2); OF. _frayel_, ‘cabas à figues’ (La Curne). See Thomas, Phil. Fr. 366.

=fraischeur,= freshness, coolness. Dryden, Poem on the Coronation, 102. F. _fraischeur_ (mod. _fraîcheur_), coolness (Cotgr.).

=franion,= an idle, loose, licentious person. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; v. 3. 22; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); Works, i. 44. See Nares.

=frank,= a sty, a place to feed pigs in. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 160; ‘_Franc_, a franke, or stie, to feed or fatten hogs in’, Cotgrave; as vb., to fatten, confine in a sty, Richard III, i. 3. 314; Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 14. ME. _frank_, a place for fattening animals, ‘saginarium’ (Prompt.), see Way’s note; OF. _franc_ (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Francum).

=frapler,= a blusterer, quarrelsome person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Amorphus); see NED. (s.v. Fraple). Cp. _frap_, to quarrel, _frappish_, quarrelsome, in EDD.

=frappet,= an endearing term addressed to a girl; ‘My little frappet’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v. 1 (Ilford).

=fraught,= freight, cargo. Edw. III, v. 1. 79; Tempest, v. 1. 61; _fig._ of news brought by a new-comer. Milton, Samson, 1075; as vb., to lade, load, form a cargo, Tempest, 1. 2. 13. See Dict.

=fraunch,= to devour; ‘Fraunching the fysh . . . with teath of brasse’, Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 69; _fraunshe_, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, 358); see NED.

=fraunchise,= freedom. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 15, § last; Fabyan, Chron. an. 1247-8, ed. Ellis, p. 336. ME. _franchyse_, privilege (Chaucer), _fraunchyse_, ‘libertas’ (Prompt.); Anglo-F. _fraunchise_, freedom, privileged liberty (Gower).

=fraying,= the coating rubbed off the horns of a deer, when she rubs it against a tree. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).

=fraying-stock,= a tree-stem against which a hart frays (or rubs) his horns. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 27, p. 69.

=fream,= to roar, rage. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, ii. 234; iv. 169. L. _fremere_.

=freat,= a weak place or blemish in a bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 114, 120; as vb., to injure, damage, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 27. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OF. _frete_ (_fraite_), a breach, injury, see La Curne (s.v. Fraicte), and Didot (s.v. Fraite).

=freke,= a warrior, fighting-man. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; Grimald, Epitaph on Sir J. Wilford, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 112. ME. _freke_, a warrior, a man (Dict. M. and S.), OE. _freca_ (Beowulf).

=fremman,= a stranger. Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 210. For _fremd man_; ‘Fremd’ is in common prov. use for strange, foreign, in Scotland and the north of England down to Northampton (EDD.). ME. _fremede_, foreign (Chaucer). OE. _fremede_.

=frenne,= a stranger, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 28. ‘Fren’ is given as a Caithness word in EDD. ME. _frend_, foreign (Plowman’s Tale, 626). See above.

=frequent,= crowded, well-attended. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 1; Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 25; _f. to_, addicted to, Wint. Tale, iv. 2. 36; _frequent with_, familiar with, Shak. Sonnet 117. L. _frequens_, crowded (Cicero).

=freshet,= a stream or brook of fresh water. Hakluyt, Voy. i. 113, l. 4 from bottom; Milton, P. R. ii. 345.

=fret,= to wear away; to chafe, rub; ‘Frets like a gummed velvet’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 2. (Velvet, when stiffened with gum, quickly rubbed and fretted itself out.)

=friar’s lantern,= _Ignis fatuus_, will-of-the-wisp. Milton, L’Allegro, 104. [Scott in Marmion, iv. i, following Milton, has taken the ‘friar’ to be Friar Rush, who had nothing to do with the _Ignis fatuus_, but was the hero of a popular story—a demon disguised as a friar.]

=frim,= vigorous; ‘My frim and lusty flank’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 397; abundant in sap, juicy, id., Owle, 5; Worlidge, Syst. Agric, 224. In gen. prov. use in England in the sense of vigorous, healthy, thriving, in good condition, luxuriant in growth; also, juicy, succulent (EDD.). OE. *_frym_, cogn. w. _freme_, good, strenuous (BT.).

=frisle,= to ‘frizzle’, to curl the hair in small crisp curls. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1145; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, xii. 100. See EDD. (s.v. Frizzle, vb.^{2}).

=frith,= wooded country, wood; often used vaguely; ‘In fryth or fell’, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ix. 85 (L. _silva_). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _frith_, ‘frith and fell’ (Cursor M. 7697). OE. _fyrhð_, a wood (Earle, Charters, 158).

=fro, froe;= see =frow.=

=fro,= to go frowardly or amiss, to be unsuccessful. Mirror for Mag., Yorke, st. 23.

=frolic,= _s._, (prob.) a set of humorous verses sent round at a feast. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3 (Meer.).

=froligozene,= _interj._, rejoice!, be happy! Two Angry Women, ii. 2 (end); Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 173. Du. _vrolijk zijn_, to be cheerful.

=fronted,= confronted. Bacon, Essay 15, § 16.

=frontisterion;= in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 310. See =phrontisterion.=

=frontless,= shameless. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 159; Odyssey, i. 425; Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1040. 1187.

=frore,= intensely cold, frosty; ‘The parching Air Burns frore’, Milton, P. L. ii. 595. Now only in poetical diction after Milton’s use. OE. _froren_ pp. of _frēosan_, to freeze. ‘Frore’ is still in prov. use in various parts of England for ‘frozen’, see EDD. (s.v. Freeze, 3 (11)).

=frorn,= frozen. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 243. In use in E. Anglia. See above.

=frory,= frosty. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 35. A Suffolk word (EDD.).

=frosling,= a ‘frostling’, a gosling nipped or injured by frost. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 460. ‘Froslin(g’ is a Suffolk word for anything—plant or animal—injured by the frost (EDD.).

=frote, froat,= to rub, chafe; to rub a garment with perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 3 (1 Creditor). In prov. use in the north country and Shropshire (EDD.). ME. _frote_, to rub (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1115, OF. _froter_ (F. _frotter_).

=frounce,= to frizz or curl the hair; ‘An ouerstaring frounced hed’, Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); Milton, Il Penseroso, 123. F. _froncer_, to wrinkle the brow, to frown. See Dict. (s.v. Flounce, 2).

=frow, frowe, fro,= a Dutchwoman; a woman. London Prodigall, v. 1. 164; Bacchus’ _froes_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1 (Wittypate). Du. _vrouw_; cp. G. _Frau_. See Stanford.

=frowy,= musty, sour, stale; ‘They like not of the frowie fede’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 111. In use in E. Anglia and America, see EDD. (s.v. Frowy), and NED. (s.v. Froughy). Probably a deriv. of OE. _þrōh_, rancid (Napier’s OE. Glosses, vii. 193 and 210).

=froy,= brave, handsome, gallant; ‘And then my froy Hans Buz, A Dutchman’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Thomas). Du. _fraai_, ‘brave, handsome, gallant, neat’ (Sewel). Cp. F. _frais_, ‘fresh, young, lusty’ (Cotgr.).

=frubber,= a furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. Said to a maid-servant, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, v. 3 (Tharsalio).

=frubbish,= to polish by rubbing; ‘To frubbish, _fricando polire_’, Levins, Manip.; hence, _frubisher_, a polisher, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1076. F. _fourbir_, ‘to furbish, polish’ (Cotgr.).

=frump,= to mock or snub. Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio); ‘_Sorner_, to jest, boord, frump, gull’, Cotgrave; ‘Hee frumpeth those his mistresse frownes on’, Man in the Moone (Nares); a scoffer, Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 24); a taunt, a biting sarcasm, Harington, Epigrams (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3. ‘To frump’ is in prov. use in many parts of England, meaning to flout, jeer; to scold, speak sharply or rudely to, see EDD. (s.v. Frump, vb.^{2}).

=frush,= to bruise, batter. Tr. and Cr. v. 6. 29; _frusshid_, dashed in pieces, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 28. OF. _fruissier_, _froissier_, to break to pieces.

=frush,= fragments, remnants. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 39. A Scottish word, see EDD. (s.v. Frush, sb.^{1} 4).

=fub,= a cheat, a fool. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Malevole).

=fub= (_gen._ with _off_), to put off deceitfully. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 37; _to fob off_, Coriolanus, i. 1. 97. Cp. Low G. _foppen_, ‘Einen zum Narren haben’ (Berghaus). See EDD. (s.v. Fob, vb.^{4}).

=fubbed,= fobbed, cheated. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).

=fucate,= artificially painted over, disguised. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § last but one. L. _fucatus_, pp. of _fucare_, to paint the face; from _fucus_; see below.

=fucus,= paint for the complexion, a cosmetic. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1 (Eudemus); Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo). L. _fucus_, red dye. Gk. φῦκος, _rouge_, prepared from seaweed so called.

=fuge,= to flee, flee away; ‘I to fuge and away’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 231. (The construction seems to be—_I_ (_gan_) _to fuge._) L. _fugere_.

†=fulker,= a pawn-broker. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). Cp. Du. _focker_, ‘an engrosser of wares’ (Hexham). See Fog (to traffic).

=fullam,= a loaded dice. Merry Wives, i. 3. 94. Spelt _fulham_. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 642.

=fulmart,= a ‘foumart’, pole-cat. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4 (Lady Tub); also _fullymart_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 31. ME. _fulmard_, _fulmerde_, a polecat, OE. _fūl_, foul, and _mearð_, marten, see Dict. M. and S. See =foumerd.=

=fum,= to play or thrum (on a guitar) with the fingers. Westward Ho, v. 2; Dryden, Assignation, ii. 3.

=fumado, fumatho,= a smoked pilchard; ‘Cornish pilchards, otherwise called _Fumados_’, Nash, Lenten Stuff (1871), p. 61 (NED.); _fumatho_, Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Page); ‘Their pilchards . . . by the name of Fumadoes, with oyle and a lemon, are meat for the mightiest Don in Spain’, Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall, 1. 194. Span. _fumado_, pp. of _fumar_, to smoke; L. _fumus_, smoke. See EDD. (s.v. Fair-maid).

=fumbling,= rambling in speech, hesitating. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 43 (in Shak. Plut., p. 98, n. 2); ‘Thy fumbling throat’, Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, i. 1 (Piero).

=fumer,= a perfumer. Beaumont and Fl., Triumph of Time, sc. 1 (Desire).

=fumish,= angry, fractious. See EDD. and Nares. _Fumishly_, with indignation, ‘Toke highly or fumishly’; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14.

=fumishing,= variant of _fewmishing_, the dung of a hart or deer. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 23; p. 65. See =fewmets.=

=funambulous,= narrow, as if one were walking on a tight-rope; ‘This funambulous path’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 31.

=furacane, furicane,= a hurricane; ‘These tempestes of the ayer . . . they caule Furacanes’, R. Eden, First three E. Books on America (ed. Arber, p. 81). _Furicanes_, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, vol. iii, p. 405. O. Span. _furacan_ (Sp. _huracan_), Pg. _furacão_, from the Carib word given by Peter Martyr as _furacan_. See NED. (s.v. Hurricane).

=furbery,= a trick, imposture. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. viii, p. 43. F. _fourberie_, a trick.

=fur-fare,= to cause to perish, destroy. Morte Arthur, leaf 95, back, 30; bk. vi, c. 6. See =forfare.=

=furniment,= furniture, array. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 38. F. _fourniment_, provision, furniture; _fournir_, to furnish (Cotgr.).

=furniture,= equipment. Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 182; trappings, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65.

†=furny;= ‘I have a furny card in a place’, Lusty Juventus, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 78. Meaning doubtful; perhaps = F. _fourni_, provided.

=fustick,= the name of a kind of wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iii. 189. The name was given to _two_ kinds of wood: (_a_) that of the Venetian sumach (_Rhus Cotinus_); (_b_) of the _Cladrastis tinctoria_ of the W. Indies. F. and Span. _fustoc_, Arab. _fustuq_; from Gk. πιστάκη, pistachio.

=futile,= unable to hold one’s tongue, loquacious. Bacon, Essay 20, § 4. L. _futilis_, that easily pours out, ‘leaky’.

=fyaunts;= see =fiants.=

G

=gabel,= tribute, tax. Massinger, Emp. of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria). OF. _gabelle_, Late L. _gabella_; cp. Med. L. _gabulum_, tribute (Ducange). A word of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, pp. 74, 75, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (note by A. L. Mayhew on ‘Gavelkind’).

=gable,= a ‘cable’, rope. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 333; ix. 211; x. 165; xii. 47, 577. See NED.

=gaffle,= a steel lever for bonding the cross-bow. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal vi, 67; Complete Gunner, iii. 15. 12 (NED.). Du. _gaffel_, a fork.

=gage,= a quart-pot. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_A gage of bowse_, whiche is a quart-pot of drinke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 34. For _gauge_, i.e. a measure.

=gag-tooth,= a projecting or prominent tooth. Return from Parnassus, l. 2 (Ingenieso); hence, _gag-toothed_, Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio); _gagge-toothed_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 116.

=gain,= near, straight, direct; said of a way; ‘They told me it was a _gayner_ way, and a fayrer way’, Latimer, 3 Sermon before King, ed. Arber, p. 101 (top). In gen. prov. use in Scotland, and in England in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia, EDD. (s.v. Gain, adj. 1). ME. _geyn_, ryȝht forth, ‘directus’ (Prompt.); Icel. _gegn_.

=gaingiving,= a misgiving. Hamlet, v. 2. 226. The prefix _gain-_ has the sense of opposition. OE. _gegn_, see NED.

†=gain-legged= (?); ‘I’ll short that gain-legg’d Longshank by the top’, Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce, i. 103). Possibly, nimble, active-legged. Cp. EDD. (sv. Gain, adj. 5).

=galage,= a wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole; ‘A Galage, a shoe: _solea_, _sandalium_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Galage, a startuppe or clownish shoe’, Glosse to Spenser’s Shep. Kal., Feb., 244; ‘Shoe called a gallage or patten whyche hath nothynge but lachettes’, Hulcet. ME. _galegge_ or _galoch_, ‘crepita’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 837); Anglo-F. _galoche_. See Dict. (s.v. Galoche).

=gald,= to gall; pt. t. _galded_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 422; pp. _galded_, Eden, First three Books on America, p. 386. A false form; from the pp.

=galley-foist,= a state barge, esp. of the Lord Mayor of London. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (end); B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 2. See =foist.=

=galliard,= lively, brisk, gay. Shadwell, Humorist, ii (Works, ed. 1720, i. 172); _galyarde_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 3, § 1. ME. _gaillard_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4367); F. _gaillard_, gay.

=galliard,= a quick and lively dance in triple time. Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 137; Bacon, Essay 32.

=galliardise,= gaiety. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. II, § 11. F. _gaillardise_ (Cotgr.).

=gallimaufry,= a medley. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 335; used as a term of contempt, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre); spelt _gallymalfreye_, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 64. F. _galimafrée_, a dish made by hashing up remnants of food; a hodge-podge; OF. _calimafree_ (Hatzfeld).

=galyarde;= see =galliard.=

=gamashes,= leggings or gaiters to protect from mud and wet. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (Dedication); Marston, What you will, ii. 1 (Laverdure). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Norm. F. _gamaches_, ‘grandes guêtres en toile, montant jusqu’au dessus du genou’ (Moisy); Prov. _garramacho_ (_garamacho_), ‘houseau’ (Mistral); Languedoc dial. _garamachos_, _galamachos_, _gamachos_, ‘guêtres de pêcheurs’ (Boucoiran).

=gambawd,= a gambol, a frisk. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 65. _To fett gambaudes_, to fetch gambols, to gambol, frisk about, Udall, tr. of Apophthegmes, Aristippus, § 45. F. ‘_gambade_, a gambol, tumbling trick’ (Cotgr.).

=gambone,= a gammon of bacon; ‘a gambone of bakon’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 327. ME. _gambon_, a ham (Boke St. Albans, fol. f2, back); OF. (Picard) _gambon_ (F. _jambon_), leg; for related words see Moisy (s.v. Gambe).

=gambrel,= a stick placed by butchers between the shoulders of a newly killed sheep, to keep the carcass open. Chapman. Mons. d’Olive, iii (near the end). In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.^{1} 1).

=gambrill,= the hock of an animal. Holland, Pliny, i. 225. Cp. _gammerel_, ‘a hock’, a Devon and Somerset word, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.^{1} 2).

=gamning,= gaming. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 51. So also _gamnes_, games, id., p. 52. From OE. _gamen_, a game.

=gan,= the mouth. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Mort’s song).

=ganch, gaunch,= to let one fall on sharp stakes (orig. on a sharp hook), there to remain till death. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2 (Mufti). Hence _gaunshing_, this kind of punishment; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. 85. F. _gancher_: ‘_Ganché_, (a person) let fall (as in a strappado) on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon languishing until he die’ (Cotgr.); Ital. ‘_ganciare_, to sharpen at the point’ (Florio).

=gandermooner,= one who practised gallantry during the gander-moon, or month when his wife was lying in. Middleton, Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Meg’s song). ‘Gander-moon’ is still used in Cheshire, meaning the month of the wife’s confinement, see EDD. (s.v. Gander, (6)).

=ganza,= a goose. In The Man in the Moon, by Bp. Godwin, a man is said to have been drawn to the moon by _Ganza’s_. The name was borrowed from Holland’s Pliny, bk. x, c. 22 (vol. i. 281a), where Holland has: ‘The Geese there . . . be called _Ganzæ_.’ But the L. text has _Gantæ_. Hence the pl. _ganzas_, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 782.

=gar,= to cause, to make; ‘I’ll gar take’, I will make you take, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘_Ays gar_’ (for _I’s’gar_), I shall make, Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). In gen. prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _gar_ (Cursor M. 4870); Icel. _ger_(_v_)_a_.

=garb,= a wheat-sheaf. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 370. Norm. F. _garbe_ (F. _gerbe_), see Moisy, p. 533.

=garboil,= a tumult, disturbance, brawl. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 61; ii. 2. 67; Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2. 1. F. _garbouil_, ‘a garboil, hurliburly’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _garbuglio_, a garboile; _garbugliare_, to garboile, to turmoile (Florio).

=gardage, guardage,= keeping, guardianship. Othello, i. 2. 70; Fletcher, Thierry, v. 1 (Vitry).

=garded, guarded,= trimmed, provided with an ornamental border or trimming. Merch. of Venice, ii. 2. 164; Hen. VIII, Prol. 16.

=garden-bull,= a bull baited at Paris Garden, on the Bankside, London. Middleton, The Changeling, ii. 1 (De F.).

=gardes,= the dew-claws of a deer or boar; ‘Gardes [of a boar], which are his hinder clawes or dewclawes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 52; p. 154; _gards_ [of a deer], id., c. 37; p. 100. F. _gardes_: ‘les gardes d’un sanglier, the deaw-claws, or hinder claws of a wild Boar’ (Cotgr.).

=gardeviance,= orig. a safe or cupboard for viands, usually, a travelling trunk or wallet; ‘Bagge or gardeviaunce to put meat in, _reticulum_’, Huloet; ‘a gardeviance of usquebagh’, Sir B. Boyle, Diary (NED.); a little casket, Udall, tr. Apoph., Alexander, § 52. F. _garde-r_, to keep, + _viande_(_s_, viands.

=garet,= a watch-tower. Morte Arthur, leaf 100, back, 6; bk. vi, c. 11. ME. _garyt_, ‘specula’ (Prompt. EETS. 187). OF. _garite_ (F. _guérite_); see Cotgrave on both forms, and Estienne, Précellence, 358. See Dict. (s.v. Garret).

=gargarism,= a gargle; humorously, a physician. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 16. Gk. γαργαρίζειν, to gargle.

=gargell-face,= a face like a ‘gargoyle’, or grotesquely carved spout; ‘Before that entry grim, with gargell-face’, Phaer, Aeneid vi, 556 (without any Latin equivalent). See Dict. (s.v. Gargoyle).

=garing,= staring, horrid; ‘With fifty garing heads’, Phaer, tr. of Virgil, bk. vi, l. 576 (Latin text). See =gaure.=

=garnysshe,= to supply (a castle) with defensive force and provisions. Morte Arthur, leaf 18. 32, bk. i, c. 1; lf. 26. 8, bk. i, c. 11. F. ‘_garnir_, to garnish, provide, supply’ (Cotgr.).

=garran, garron,= a small Irish or Scotch horse. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 619, col. 2. Irish _gearran_, a horse, a gelding (Dinneen).

=gaskins,= a kind of hose or breeches. Dekker, Gentle Craft (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 18); Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); ‘_Gascoigne breeches_, or Venetian hosen, _greguéscos_’, Minsheu, Span. Dict.; ‘_Gascoyne bride_, one who wears breeches’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Sir Guy). ‘Gaskins’ is a Lincolnsh. word for gaiters (EDD.).

=gast,= to frighten. King Lear, ii. 2. 57; ‘I gasted hym, _Je lui baillay belle paour_’, Palsgrave. ME. _gasten_: ‘To gaste crowen from his corn’ (P. Plowman, A. vii. 129).

=gaster,= to frighten, Giffard, Dial. Witches (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 4 (near end). A north-country and Essex word (EDD.).

=gate,= a way, path, road. Gascoigne, Voyage to Holland (ed. Hazlitt), i. 385; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 13. In common use in the north country down to Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{2} 1); cp. ‘Irongate’, the name of the busiest thoroughfare in Derby. ME. _gate_, or way, ‘via’ (Prompt. EETS. 188). Icel. _gata_.

=gate,= to walk; ‘Three stages . . . Neere the seacost gating’, Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 191. Cp. Worcestersh. phr. _to go gaiting_, to go about for pleasure, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, vb.^{2} 21).

=gate-vein,= the principal vein; applied metaphorically to the chief course of trade. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 146; Bacon, Essay 19. See =vena porta.=

=gather-bag;= ‘_Gather-bag_, the bag or skinne, inclosing a young red Deere in the Hyndes belly’, Bullokar (1616); ‘The _Gather-bagge_ or mugwet of a yong Harte when it is in the Hyndes bellie’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 15; p. 39.

=gauderie,= finery. Hall, Satires, iii. 1. 64; Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.

=gauding,= festivity; hence, jesting, foolery. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 1.

=gaunt,= a gannet; ‘The gaglynge gaunte’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 447. ‘Gaunt’ is the Lincolnsh. word for the great crested grebe (EDD.). ME. _gante_ (Prompt. EETS.); OE. _ganot_.

=gaunt,= thin, slender; ‘She was gaunte agayne’ [after childbirth], Latimer, 5 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 154); ‘They who . . . desire to be gant and slender . . . ought to forbear drinking at meales’, Holland, tr. Pliny, ii. 152. ‘Gant’ is in prov. use for slim, slender; in Suffolk they speak of horses looking ‘gant’; so in Kent, of a greyhound that is thin in the flanks (EDD.). ME. _gawnt_, or lene (Prompt.).

=gaure,= to stare, gaze. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2275. ME. _gauren_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1108 (1157).

=gaurish,= staring, showy, garish. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 54.

=gavel,= a quantity of corn, cut and ready to be made into a sheaf. _Gavel-heap_, said of wheat that is reaped but not bound, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 328. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Gavel, sb.^{2}). Norm. F. _gavelle_, ‘javelle’ (Moisy), Med. L. _gavella_ (Ducange).

=gaw;= see =gow.=

=gawring-stock,= a gazing-stock, a spectacle. Mirror for Mag., Yorke, st. 21. See =gaure.=

=gazet, gazette,= a Venetian coin of small value. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 2 (Peregrine); Massinger, Maid of Honour iii. 1 (Jacomo). Ital. ‘_gazzetta_, a kind of small coyn in Venice, not worth a farthing of ours’ (Florio). See Dict.

†=geances.= Only in B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 4 (Hilts). A rustic pronunciation of _chances_? Nares supposes that _geances_ = _jaunces_. See =jaunce.=

=gear, geer, gere,= dress, apparel. L. L. L. v. 2. 304. (ME. _gere_, equipment, Chaucer, C. T. A. 4016). Also, wealth, property, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1; talk, in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff’, Selden, Table Talk (ed. Arber, 20); an affair, business, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 6; Romeo, ii. 4. 107; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Yellow). ‘Gear’ is very common in prov. use in various senses; see EDD. (s.v.): 1, apparel; 9 and 10, goods, property; 15, trash, rubbish; 16, affair, business. See Dict.

=geason,= scantily produced; rare, scarce, uncommon; ‘Ixine is a rare herb and geason to be seen’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 98; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 37. ME. _gesen_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 271). OE. _gǣsne_, barren, unproductive. An Essex word (EDD.).

=geats;= ‘The female, which are called Geats, and the buckes Goates’, Turbervile, Hunting, ch. 47; p. 146. ME. _geet_, pl. she-goats (Trevisa’s Higden, i. 311). OE. _gǣt_, nom. pl. of _gāt_, a she-goat.

=gee and ree;= ‘He expostulates with his Oxen very understandingly, and speaks Gee and Ree better than English’, Earle, Microcosm, (ed. Arber, 49). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Gee, _int._): ‘Some or other of the crook horses invariably crossed him on the road . . . owing to two words of the driver, namely “gee” and “ree”,’ Bray’s Desc., Tamar and Tavy. Two words of command to an animal driven; _Gee_, directs it to go forward, to move faster, _Ree_, to turn to the right.

=gelt,= a lunatic; ‘Like a ghastly Gelt whose wits are reaved’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 21. Irish _gealt_ (_geilt_), a madman (Dinneen).

=gelu,= ‘jelly’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 265.

=gemonies,= steps on the Aventine Hill (Rome) whence the bodies of state criminals were flung down, and afterwards dragged into the Tiber (_scalae Gemoniae_). Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1 (Lamia); B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Lepidus).

=genethliac,= relating to nativities; hence, one who calculates nativities, an astrologer. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 689. Gk. γενεθλιακός, belonging to birth; from γενέθλη, birth.

=Geneva print.= In the Merry Devil, ii. 1. 64, the Host says to the half-drunken smith, ‘I see by thy eyes thou hast been reading little Geneva print’, i.e. literally, type such as is in the Geneva Bible; but, allusively, it means, ‘you have been drinking _geneva’_, i.e. _gin_.

=geniture,= horoscope, the plan of a nativity, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 1; that which is generated, offspring, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 1345. L. _genitura_, a begetting; seed of generation (Pliny); that which is generated (Tertullian).

=gennet-moyl,= a kind of apple that ripens early; ‘Trees grafted on a gennet-moyl or cider-stock’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust., 1681. p. 121; _genet-moyle_, Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 116. See EDD. (s.v. jennet).

=gent,= noble, high-born; valiant and courteous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 17; (of women) graceful, elegant, F. Q. i. 9. 27; (of the body) shapely, slender, Greene, Desc. of the Shepherd, 62 (ed. Dyce, p. 305). OF. _gent_, well-born.

=gentee,= genteel, elegant. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 747. F. _gentil_ (_l_ silent).

=gentry-cove,= a nobleman or gentleman. (Cant.) B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘A gentry cofes ken, a gentleman’s house’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=George,= a half-crown, bearing the image of St. George. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=gere;= see =gear.=

=gere, gear, geer,= a sudden fit of passion, transient fancy. North, Plutarch (ed. 1676, p. 140); Holland, Am. Marcell. xxxi. 12. 421. ME. _gere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1531).

=gery,= capricious, fitful; ‘His seconde hawke waxid gery’, Skelton, Ware the Hawke, 66. ME. _gery_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1536).

=german,= a brother. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 13; ii. 8. 46; cp. Othello, i. 1. 114. L. _germanus_, having the same father and mother.

=gern,= a snarl, a ‘grin’. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Balurdo); _gerne_, to grin, id., The Fawn, iv. 1 (Zuccone); Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 15. ‘Girn’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _gyrn_, to grin (Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 322; xiii. 157).

†=gernative,= grinning (?). Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 5 (Dampit).

=gerr,= to jar, to be discordant. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 17.

=gesse,= pl. guests. Lyly, Euphues, 305; spelt _guesse_, Gage, West Indies, xiv. 90; _guess_, Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4. 6. See NED. (s.v. Guest).

=gesseron,= a ‘jazerant’, a light coat of armour. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 17, § 7. OF. _jazeran_ (_jesseran_), a light coat of armour, see Didot (s.v. Jaseran); orig. an adj., as in _osberc jazerenc_ (Ch. Rol. 1604), O. Prov. _jazeren_, ‘de mailles’ (Levy). Dozy (s.v. Jacerina) says that the supposition that the word means ‘Algerian’ is unfounded.

=gest,= pl. _gests_, the various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal progress; ‘In Jacob’s gests Succoth succeeds . . . to Peniel’, Fuller, Pisgah, v. 3. 147; ‘The King’s gests’, L’Estrange, Charles I, 126. _Gest_, the time allotted for a halt, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 41. A later form of =gist,= q.v.

=gest=(=e,= story, narrative. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 15; exploit, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 978. ME. _geste_, romance, tale; pl. histories, occurrences (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _geste_, L. (res) _gesta_, a thing performed.

=gets,= pl. the jesses of a hawk; ‘Her gets, her jesses and her bells’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). Both _gets_ and _jess_ are plural forms of OF. and Prov. _get_ (F. _jet_), ‘a cast, a throw’, cp. F. _jeter_, to throw. The form _jesses_ is a double plural.

=giambeux,= armour for the legs. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2065). Deriv. of F. _jambe_, the leg (Cotgr.).

=gib,= a familiar name for a cat. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190. Also, _Gib-cat_, ‘I am as melancholy as a gib-cat’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83. Hence, _Your Gibship_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1. ‘Gib’ and ‘Gib-cat’ are in prov. use in the north, and down to Hereford, in the sense of a male cat, gen. one that has been castrated (EDD.).

=gibbed cat,= gen. taken to mean a castrated cat. Rowley, A Match at Midnight, ii. 1 (Jarvis).

=gibbridge,= unintelligible talk, idle talk. Drayton, Pol. xii. 227; ‘_Bagois_, gibridge, strange talk, idle tattle’, Cotgrave. A Yorksh. pronunciation of _gibberish_ (EDD.).

=Giberalter,= ? a Gibraltar monkey, an ape, Merry Devil, i. 2. 14. See NED.

=gig= (with hard _g_), to produce another like itself, but smaller. Only used metaphorically, and derived from ME. _gigge_, a whipping-top. See NED., which has: ‘The verb seems to denote the action of some kind of _gig_, or whipping-top of peculiar construction, having inside it a smaller _gig_ of the same shape, which was thrown out by the effect of rapid rotation.’ Hence, ‘The first [lampoon] produces, still, a second jig [i.e. lampoon]; You whip them out, like schoolboys [i.e. as schoolboys do], till they gig’; Dryden, Prologue to Amphitryon, 20, 21.

=giggots,= slices, small pieces. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 452; ii. 372; spelt _giggets_, Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Boatswain). F. _gigot_, a leg of mutton. See NED.

=giglet, giglot,= a wanton. Meas. for M. v. 352; B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 4 (Sej.), where it is applied to Fortune; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 2 (Gudgeon). In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. _gygelot_, ‘agagula’ (Prompt. EETS. 191). Cp. F. _gigolette_, ‘grisette, faubourienne courant les bals publics’ (Delesalle).

=gilder,= a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du. _gulden_, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with _n_ not pronounced, it sounds like _gilder_ to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder).

=gill,= a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill or gill-flirt, _gaultiere_, _ricalde_’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or Juliana.

=gilt,= a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Follywit); Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat).

=gilt-head,= a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes marked on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the dorado or dolphin, and the golden wrasse.

=gim,= smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet). In prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.).

=gimcrack,= an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho).

=gimmal,= in pl. _gimmals_, _gimols_, joints, links, connecting parts of machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence _gimmaled_, made with gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49; spelt _gymould_, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw. III, i. 2. 29. ME. _gymew_, _gymowe_, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see note no. 877). OF. _gemel_ (F. _gemeau_), L. _gemellus_, twin. See =jimmal-ring.=

=gimmors,= links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer, sb.^{1}).

=gin,= to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 556); _gan sort to this_, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as above).

=gin,= a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2).

=ging,= a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the Leicester saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them), see EDD. (s.v. Gang, 12). ME. _ging_(_e_, a company, a following, retinue (Wars Alex., freq., see Glossarial Index); OE. _genge_, a following (Chron. A.D. 1070).

=ginglymus,= a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L. _ginglymus_; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow).

†=ginimony.= Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &c.’, Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic.

=ginniting,= a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See Dict. (s.v. Jenneting).

=gird,= to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; _girt_, pp. smitten, ‘Through girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; _to gird forward_, to rush forward, Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. _gird_, to strike, pierce (Wars Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial Index. See NED. (s.v. Gird, vb.^{2}).

=girdle;= ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle was used to keep up the breeches; see _breechgirdle_ in NED. It also usually had the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the girdle broke.

=girdle-stead,= place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia).

=girl,= a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143. ME. _gerle_, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back.

=girn,= a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end). See =gern.=

=girt,= to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 65.

=girt,= _pp._ of =gird,= q.v.

=gist,= pl. _gists_, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s progress; ‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or Writing that contains the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends to lie upon the Way’, Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. _giste_ (F. _gîte_), resting- or stopping-place. See =gest.=

=gite,= used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax uses the word _gite_ for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus . . . dond a gite in deepest purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. _gyte_, a shirt or mantle (?) (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3954); OF. _guite_ (Godefroy).

=giusts,= ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39.

=give on,= to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter, 213.

=given,= _pp._ with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469; virtuously given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72; ‘cannibally given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200.

=glade:= phr. _to go to glade_, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr. of Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. _glada_, to go down, to set (of the sun); see Aasen.

=glaire, glayre,= the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence _glaired_, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii. 32. ME. _gleyre_, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. _glaire_, the white of an egg (Hatzfeld). See =glere.=

=glaster,= to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’ occurs in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to talk indistinctly (EDD.).

=glastynge,= barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24; bk. x, c. 53. For _glatising_, cp. OF. _glatisant_, pres. pt. of _glatir_, to cry aloud, howl (Ch. Rol. 3527).

=glaver,= to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle, talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _glavir_, chattering (Wars Alex. 5504).

=glaymy,= sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME. _gleymy_ (Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); _gleyme_, ‘gluten’, _gleymows_, ‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193).

=glaze,= to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2. Hence, _Glaze-worm_, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _glasyn_, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS).

=glaze,= to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) _gläse_, ‘stieren, scharf u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart).

=glaziers,= eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor), Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=glee:= in phr. _gold and glee_; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By you’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps _glee_ in this phr. refers to the bright colour of gold; see NED.

=gleeke,= a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand (NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth). OF. _glic_ (_ghelicque_). Probably adopted fr. Du. _gelyk_, ‘like’ (Sewel); cp. G. _gleich_.

=gleering,= casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale, on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor).

=glent,= glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 993.

=glent,= a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687.

=glere,= the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See =glaire.=

=glib,= to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See =lib.=

=glibbery,= slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. _glibberig_, slippery (Sewel).

=glidder,= to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).

=glimpse, glimse,= to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton, Barons’ Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii, st. 46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of the evening’ (EDD.).

=glint,= slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 572. Cp. Swed. dial. _glinta_, to slip on ice (Rietz).

=gloat, glote,= to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED.

=glode,= _pt. t._, glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. _glood_, glided, went quickly (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2094); OE. _glād_, pt. t. of _glīdan_.

=glomming,= ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1 (end); ‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’, Palsgrave.

=glooming,= gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305.

=glore,= to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus, i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. _glora_, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also Swed. dial. (Rietz).

=glorious,= vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. _gloriosus_, vainglorious.

=glory,= to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16; ‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108.

=glote;= see =gloat.=

=gnarl,= to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain, ‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp. north Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’ (EDD.).

=gnarre,= to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.). _Gnarren_ is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the Bremen Wtb. (EDD.).

=gnast,= to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi, c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. _gnastyn_, ‘fremo, strideo’ (Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946).

=gnathonical,= resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1).

=gnoff, gnuff,= a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1; _gnuffe_, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride, st. 5. ME. _gnof_, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3188). Cp. Low G. _gnuffig_, _knuffig_, rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED.

=go to pot;= see =pot.=

=goawle,= gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with _joawles_, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla tumescunt). Norm. F. _goule_ (F. _gueule_), L. _gula_, the gullet.

=gob,= a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In prov. use (EDD.).

=go bet,= go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. _Go bet_, lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look sharp’ or ‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg. Good Women, Dido, 288. Once common. ME. _bet_, better (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 714), OE. _bet_.

=go by, Jeronimo,= or =go by,= i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself. Finding his application to the king improper at the moment, he says: ‘Hieronimo, beware! _go by, go by_.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9.

=go less,= to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 (La Writ).

=God before,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2. 370. See =God to fore.=

=god den,= good evening; _God you god den_, God (give) you good e’en, Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; _God dig-you-den_, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; _God gi’ god-den_, Romeo, i. 2. 58; _god den_, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120. Still in use in Scotland and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Good-den).

=God to fore,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 2. 69. ME. _God to-forn_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See =God before.=

=god-phere,= a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp. the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer).

=gofe,= the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E. Anglia _goaf_ (_gofe_, _goff_) is used for the bay of a barn, and for the corn or hay laid up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.^{1} 1 and 4). ME. _golf_ of corne, ‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no. 893); Icel. _gōlf_, a floor, apartment, cp. Dan. _gulv_, a bay of a barn. See =gove, gulfe.=

=goggle, gogle,= to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120.

=gold,= marigold; corn marigold; _golds_, pl., corn marigold, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 25; _gouldes_, id. § 20. 25; _gooldes_, Spenser, Colin Clout, 341. ME. _golde_, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1929; _goolde_, ‘solsequium, elitropium’ (Prompt. EETS. see note, no. 892); _golde_, the sunflower (Gower, C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. _golde_, ‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6).

=gold-end man,= a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B. Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude).

=goldfinch,= a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).]

=gold-finder,= a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. _gold-digger_, a ‘jakesman’, and _gold-dust_, ordure, Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and 2)).

=gold-weights,= small weights, for weighing small portions of gold. Hence, _to the gold-weights_ (weighed even down to grains, even in small particulars), B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See =caract.=

=golilla,= a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. _golilla_, ‘a little Band worn in Spain, starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’ (Stevens); _gola_, the gullet, L. _gula_.

=golls,= hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto); Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1 (Vindici). Still in use in Essex (EDD.).

=golpol,= prob. for _gold-poll_ (cp. _goldilocks_); a term of endearment for a child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau).

=gomme,= a god-mother; ‘_Commere_ . . . a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. _gome_, ‘a godmoder’ (Cath. Angl. 161).

=gong,= ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a draught, _ortrait_’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, _forica_’, Levins, Manipulus. ME. _gonge_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 885); OE. _gong_ (_gang_), ‘secessus’ (Ælfric Gl.).

=good cheap,= cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p. 42); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. _good chep_(_e_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 641). Cp. F. _à bon marché_. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap).

=good fellow,= a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit); Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host).

=good year=(=s,= used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation, ‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i. 3. 1; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression, ‘What the goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder what the goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect) ‘_Wat to ’m goden Jaar?_, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte Handlungen wundert’ (Dähnert).

=goom,= a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109. ME. _gome_, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE. _guma_.

=gords;= see =gourdes.=

=gorebelly,= a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence _gorbellied_, fat, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93.

=gorreau,= the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246. 1. OF. _goherel_, _gorel_, _gorreau_, a yoke (Godefroy); _gorriau_, ‘collier de cheval’ (Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2).

=Gospel-tree.= ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are in many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109).

=gossampine,= a cotton-like substance, made from the _Bombax pentandrum_. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1; Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. _gossympinus_, a cotton-tree (Pliny).

=gossander,= the ‘goosander’, _Mergus merganser_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65. With the suffix _-ander_ cp. _bergander_, an old name for the sheldrake, and the ON. _önd_, pl. _ander_, a duck (NED.).

=gossip,= a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict.

=gouland, gowland,= a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds of _Ranunculus_, _Caltha_, and _Trollius_. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, 1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland expression; see EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d).

=gourdes,= false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise . . . of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they lyste’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt _gords_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. _gourd_, ‘fourberie’ (Godefroy).

=gove,= to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. _golvyn_, ‘arconiso’ (Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. _gulve_, to stack in the bay of a barn. See =gofe.=

=gow,= for _go we_, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; _gaw_, let’s be gone, Triumphs of Love and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still common in the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany the speaker, see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. _gowe_ (P. Plowman, B, Prol. 226).

=gowked,= stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp. ‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied _fig._ to a fool, simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. _goke_, ‘cuculus’ (Cath. Angl.), Icel. _gaukr_, cp. G. _gauch_.

=gowles,= ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. _goules_ (F. _gueules_). See Dict. (s.v. Gules).

=gowndy,= (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 34; _gunny_, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. _gownde_ off þe eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. _gund_, matter of a sore.

=gownest,= for _gownist_, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53.

=grabble,= to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He . . . keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’ (i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. _grabbelen_, to scramble, or to catch that catch may (Hexham).

=Gracious Street,= Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley); Fair Maid of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally _Grass Church_, ‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet, called Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 80).

=grail, grayle,= the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle and Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 441. ME. _grayle_, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. _graël_, Eccles. L. _gradale_, _graduale_. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual).

=grain,= the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; _to dye in grain_, to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour, hence, _in grain_, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255; _grain_, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens. 33. F. _graine_, ‘grain wherewith cloth is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _grana_, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’ (Ducange).

=grained,= ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90.

=grain,= a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5; _grains_, the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three graines like an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs, Drayton, Pol. i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree, and the prong or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.^{1} 1 and 5). Icel. _grein_, a branch of a tree, an arm of the sea.

=grained staff,= a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 41. 9.

=graithe,= to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7. In common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _graythe_, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel. _greiða_.

=grammates,= rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3 (Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet.

=grandguard,= a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72.

=graner,= a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258.

=grange,= a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England the term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one standing by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict.

†=gratuling,= congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. _gratuler_, L. _gratulari_, to congratulate.

=Grave,= a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. _Grave_, an Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. _Graf_.

†=graved.= ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a misprint for _grayed_, become grey; see =graye.=

=gravelled,= stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You Like It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177, n. 1).

=gray,= a badger; _grice of a gray_, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in the north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Grey, sb.^{1} 6). ME. _grey_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note).

=graye,= to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’ (Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.).

=grease;= see =greece.=

=greave,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, _boscaige_’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’ occurs in local names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word in EDD. ME. _greve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1507), OE. _grǣfa_, a bush (Chron. 852).

=grece,= a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); _greese_, a single step or stair in a flight, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); _greise_, Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv. 3. 16; Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘_Eschelette_, a small step or greece’, Cotgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Grees). ME. _grees_, steps, stairs (Wyclif, Acts xxi. 35). OF. _grés_, pl. of _gré_, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La Curne), L. _gradus_, a step. See =gressinges.=

=gredaline;= see =gridelin.=

=gree,= a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). _To win the gree_, to win the highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x, ch. 21. See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.^{1}). ME. _gree_ (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF. _gré_, ‘degré, rang’ (La Curne).

=gree,= favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; _in gree_, with goodwill or favour, kindly, in good part: _to take in gree_, F. Q. v. 6. 21; _to receive in gree_, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. _en gré_, in good part (Cotgr., s.v. Gré), L. _gratum_, a pleasant thing.

=gree,= short for _agree_. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6. 130 (W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh. Sonn. cxiv.

=greece, herte of,= a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime condition. Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See =hart of grease.=

=green,= youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7; raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 61.

=green gown;= to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon the grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3 (Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough).

=green lion,= a stage in the process of transmutation of metals. B. Jonson, ii. 1 (Face).

=Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,= the names of a once well-known ballad and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 4 (Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398.

=greete,= to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1; weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Greet, vb.^{1}). ME. _greten_, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. _grǣtan_ (Anglian, _grētan_), to weep.

=grement,= ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1.

=gresco,= an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2] (Touchstone); see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre).

=gresle,= slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. _gresle_ (F. _grêle_); L. _gracilis_, slender.

=gressinges,= steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Grissens). See =grece.=

=grewnde,= a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603); Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; _grewhound_, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi (NED.). ME. _gre-hownde_ (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. _greyhundr_, also, _grey_, a greyhound. See NED. (s.v. Greund).

=grice,= a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘_Marcassin_, a young wild boar . . . or grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the Grice’ (i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62. Also, the young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see =gray=). Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _gryse_, pygge, ‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel. _grīss_, a young pig; so Norw. dial. _gris_ (Aasen).

=grice;= see =grece.=

=gride,= for _grided_, pp. of _gride_, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1491.

=gridelin,= of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343. Spelt _gredaline_, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. _gridelin_, for _gris de lin_ (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld.

=grill, gryll,= fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. _gril_, fierce (Cursor M. 719); Low G. _grel_(_l_, angry (Koolman).

†=grindle-tail,= a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for _trindle-tail_ (_trundle-tail_). See NED.

=gripe,= a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea, ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. _grip_, griffin. See =gryphon.=

=gripe’s egg,= a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. _gripes ey_ (Gower, C. A. i. 2545).

=gripple,= greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton, Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. _gripel_.

=gris-amber,= ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict. (s.v. Amber).

=grisping,= twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. _in the gropsing of the evening_, in the dusk, Records Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD.

=grissel, gristle,= a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’, Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3).

=groin,= the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding, Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. _groyn_, a pig’s snout (Chaucer, C. T. I. 158). O. Prov. _gronh_, ‘groin, museau’ (Levy). See =Groyne.=

=groin,= to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27; _groyning_, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. _groynen_, to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2460). OF. _grogner_, to grunt, L. _grunnire_.

=groom-porter,= an officer of the royal household (till the time of George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and dice. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don Sebastian, l. 24.

=grought,= growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101; xxiii. 289.

=ground,= the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also, the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The tenor-part, the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at Welbeck, 2 Chorus.

=grout,= coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. _grautr_, porridge.

=grout-head, growthead,= a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry (ed. 1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 39; ‘_Il a une grosse teste_, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’, Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’ (thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.).

=groutnoll,= a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife).

=growt,= great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du. _groot_, great.

=groyle,= to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. _graditur_), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, _groyl_, one who is ever on the move, id., iv 179. F. _grouiller_, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.).

=Groyne, the,= name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain. De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent., ‘Vocatur _Le Groyne_; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls Ser. i. 112). See =groin.=

=grubble,= to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio).

=grudgins,= coarse meal; ‘_Annone_, meslin or grudgins, the corne whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.). Cp. F. _grugeons_, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See =gurgeons.=

=grum,= surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. _grum_, proud, haughty (Aasen), Dan. _grum_, fierce, angry.

†=grumbledory,= a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo).

=grunter,= a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).

=grunting-cheat,= a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from _cheat_, a cant word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also _gruntling-cheat_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat.=

=grutch,= to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus, fo. cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng, _Je grommelle_’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _grucche_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3863). OF. (Picard) _groucher_ (OF. _grocer_), ‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher).

=gryphon,= a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt _gryfon_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8. F. ‘_griffon_, a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.).

=G-sol-re-ut,= in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable _sol_ when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to the syllable _re_ in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the syllable _ut_ when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 11, p. 104.

=guard,= an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado, i. 1. 289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the edge of the cloth from fraying’, NED.

=guarish,= to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF. _guarir_, _garir_ (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. _garir_, ‘guérir, préserver, sauver’ (Levy).

=gubbe,= a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 31; _gubs_, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 632 (Lat. _saniem_).

=gudgeon,= a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. _to swallow_ _a gudgeon_, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD.

=gue,= a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED. as used by Richard Brathwaite in his _Honest Ghost_, in two passages, first, of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of familiar endearment, ‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139. The word occurs in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’, iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico); ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same word as F. _gueux_, a beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts.

=guerie, guierie,= sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’, id., Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See =gere= (2) and =gery.=

=guerison,= cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i. 466. F. _guérison_; OF. _guarison_, _garison_ (Bartsch), Anglo-F. _gariscun_ (Gower, Mirour, 420). See =guarish.=

=guess;= see =gesse.=

=guidon,= a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st. 24. F. _guidon_, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of men at arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); _guydon_ (Rabelais). O. Prov. _guidon_, _guizon_, étendard (Levy); Ital. ‘_guidóne_, a guidon, a banner or cornet’ (Florio).

=guie, guy,= to guide, lead; also _gye_, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, i. 49; _guide_ (for _guyed_), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME. _gye_, to guide (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1950); Anglo-F. _guïer_ (Ch. Rol.).

=guisarme,= a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. _guisarme_, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou demi-pique’ (Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme).

=guitonen,= a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight). Span. _guiton_, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a Pilgrim, only to live idle’ (Stevens).

=guives,= fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. _guives_, _gyves_ (French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89).

=gulch,= to swallow or devour greedily; ‘_Ingorgare_, to engurgle, . . . to gulch’ (Florio); _gulch_, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’, Cotgrave. The verb ‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of England from Yorkshire to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _gulchen_ (Ancren Riwle, 240).

=gule,= to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p. 357. See Dict. (s.v. Gules).

=gulfe,= a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding, Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See =gofe.=

=gull,= to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do, _je engoule_’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. _gullen_, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham).

=gull,= a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm. Golding, Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And hilles by force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).

=gummed;= see =fret.=

=gundolet,= for _gondolet_, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Piero). It occurs twice in this scene.

=gunny;= see =gowndy.=

=gun-hole groat,= some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 66.

=gunstone,= a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2.

=gup, guep,= an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell, gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See =marry gip.=

=gurgeons,= coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154); ‘Gurgions of meal, _cibarium secundarium_’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in the S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See =grudgins.=

=gutter,= of a stag’s horn; see =antlier.=

=Guttide,= Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for Shrovetide; _goodit_ in Staffordshire. Orig. _good tide_, see EDD. (s.v. Gooddit).

=guzzle,= a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately, Bride Bush, 114 (Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in Sussex and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.^{1} 1).

=gymnosophist,= one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits. B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked philosophers of India (Aristotle).

H

=ha and ree,= words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); _hey and ree_, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell (s.v. Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid the leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v. Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the phrase _neither heck nor ree_, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither heck nor ree’, i.e. he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite unmanageable, see EDD. (s.v. Heck, int.). See =hay-ree= and =hayte and ree,= also =gee and ree.=

=hab,= to have; _nab_, not to have; hence, phr. _by habs and by nabs_, at random; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon _hab or nab_, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have them anyhow (EDD.). See =hab-nab.=

=haberdash,= small wares. Spelt _haburdashe_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares). Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. _hapertas_, the name of a fabric (Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher).

=habiliment,= outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See =abiliments.=

=habilitate,= legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15). Med. Lat. _habilitare_, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare, instituere’ (Ducange).

=habilitation,= endowment with ability or fitness; qualification, training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8.

=habilitie,= ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2.

=hable, habile,= ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v. Able).

=hab-nab,= have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the taking one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See EDD. (s.v. Hab, adv., 1). See =hab.=

=hache,= axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F. _hache_, an axe, O. Prov. _apcha_ (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. _heppa_ (for *_happi̯a_), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ).

=hackle,= to hack about, to mangle. _Hackled_, pp.; North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1).

=hackster, haxter,= a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat, bravo, bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires, iv. 4. 60; _haxter_, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger).

=hacqueton;= see =haqueton.=

=had I wist,= if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal, iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. _hadde I wist_: ‘Upon his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’, Gower (C. A. i. 1888).

=hade,= a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable lands having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field of Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.^{1}).

=hæmeræ,= for =hemeræ,= pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2 (D.). For _ephemera_, Med. L. _ephemera_, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of ἐφήμερος, lasting or living but a day.

=hæmony.= Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably with a theological allusion).

=haft,= to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat, id., Bowge of Courte, 521; hence _hafter_, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of Courte, 138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit, dissimulation, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{3}).

=hafter,= a wrangler; ‘_Vitilitigator_, an hafter, a wrangler, a quarreller’, Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580.

=hag,= to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed. 1748, p. 108); spelt _haggue_, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 95.

=haggard,= a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage. Much Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and unreclaimed Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. _hagard_, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’ (Cotgr.).

=hailse,= to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel. _heilsa_, to salute.

=haine, hayne,= a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, § 106; Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, _haynyarde_, a mean wretch, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1748. ME. _heyne_, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1319).

=hair:= in phr. _against the hair_, against the grain, contrary to nature. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of Queenborough, iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42.

=hala;= see =heloe.=

=hale, hall,= a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a long tent in a felde, _tente_’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and tentes’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161, n. 8). ME. _hale_, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no. 961). OF. _hale_ (F. _halle_), a covered market-place.

=hale and ho,= pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur, leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. _halyn_ or drawyn, ‘traho’ (Prompt. EETS. 230).

=half-acre,= a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact size of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow . . . flinging about his halfe-aker’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C. ix. 2, p. 156). At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced _habaker_, is a term employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD. (s.v. Half, 6 (1)).

=halfendeale,= half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset word (EDD.). ME. _halvendel_, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 335). OE. _healfan dǣl_, the half ‘deal’ or part.

=half-pace;= see =halpace.=

=halidom:= orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to ‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old edds. of Shaks. we find _holydam_(_e_ due to association with _dame_, the phrase being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see NED. OE. _hāligdōm_, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic.

=Hallowmas,= the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt _Hallomas_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (_Hallontide_, id., § 21. 1); Meas. for Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in Scotland; also in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)).

=halpace,= a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606); ‘On the altar an halpas . . . and on the halpas stood twelve images’, Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology _half-pace_, the uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) _hault pas_ (_haut pas_), high step.

=halse, haulse,= to embrace. Pt. t. _haulst_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49; ‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, _je accolle_’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. _halsyn_, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of _hals_, the neck, OE. _heals_ (_hals_). See =hause.=

=haltersack,= a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares.

=hame,= a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603); also _hawme_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. _halme_, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt. EETS. 212). OE. _healm_ (Anglian _halm_).

=hamper up,= to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750);