Part 19

[17] “Feelings and motions run parallel to each other, and where we do not meet with actual feelings we suppose the presence of the elements of feeling. But this parallelism would be most wonderful indeed if it were a true parallelism consisting of two different and distinct lines. The simplest conception of the case is the monistic view, which considers the parallelism as an identity. Both motion and feeling are abstract conceptions. A motion exists of itself no more than a feeling. The reality from which the ideas motion and feeling have been abstracted is one inseparable whole, which if viewed as an objective process appears as motion, and if viewed from the subjective side appears as feeling. Feelings can only be felt, not seen; but if we _could_ see them, we might observe the elements of feeling wherever motion takes place.

“Fechner seems to have hit the mark, when he compared feeling and motion to the inside and the outside curves of a circle; they are entirely different and yet the same. The inside curve is concave, the outside curve is convex. If we construct rules relating first to the concave inside and then to the convex outside, we shall notice a parallelism in the formulas; yet this parallelism will appear only in the abstractions which have been made of one and the same thing from a different aspect. It results from making two different abstractions. The abstract conceptions form two parallel systems, but the real thing can be represented as parallel only in the sense that it is parallel to itself; it is the parallelism of identity. There is but one line and this one line is concave if viewed from the inside, if viewed from the outside convex.” Dr. Carus in “The Soul of Man,” p. 20.

[18] Central Soul (Dr. Carus).

[19] Clifford.

[20] It is more scientific to say a _Cosmic Soul immanent_ in the Cosmos.

“God, as I conceive him to be, is not less than a person, but more than a person.” Dr. Paul Carus.

[21] Fiske.

[22] Fiske.

[23] “Religion is the conception by man of his relation to the infinite universe and its source; and morality is the ever present guide of life proceeding only from this relation.” Tolstoi.

[24] Fiske.

[25] Society also utterly ignores the rights of unborn children in permitting the constant marriages of men and women having constitutions tainted with hereditary diseases, as insanity, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc.

[26] In Dipnoi, which are fishes with Amphibian characters, the paired fins have each a central segmented axis which bears on each side a series of radial pieces. The air bladder is a true lung, and is frequently used as such. The heart shows indications of becoming three chambered (two auricles and one ventricle). The left auricle contains arterial blood from the lungs. There is an inferior vena cava. The nasal sacs open posteriorly into the mouth.

INDEX.

Achromatin, 6.

Acquired Characters, 65, 71, 72, 76.

Actinozoa, 232.

Age, of Amphibians, 105.

Age, of Fishes, 101.

Age, of Mammals, 111.

Age, of Man, 114.

Age, of Molluscs, 98, 100.

Age, of Reptiles, 110.

Air-bladder, 236.

Allantois, 238.

Altruism, 223, 225.

Amblypoda, 111.

Amblystoma, 62, 63.

America, Central, 141.

America, South, 83, 145, 146.

America, North, development of, 85.

America, Archæan, 85.

America, Cretaceous, 87.

America, Tertiary, 88, 89.

America, tropical, 146, 147, 149.

Amia, 236, 237.

Amitosis, 28.

Ammonites, 100, 108.

Amnion, 238.

Amœba proteus, 10, 35, 230.

Amphibia, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105, 235, 238.

Amphibia, of snake-like form, 103.

Amphibia, generalized, 107.

Amphimixis, 46.

Amphineura, 234.

Amphioxus, 235.

Anaptomorphus, 111.

Ancon sheep, 49.

Angiospermæ, 245.

Animals, backboned, 96, 101, 103, 152.

Animals, birth rate of, 123.

Animals, coloration of, 126, 127.

Animals, death rate of, 123.

Animals, grass-eating, 137.

Animals, gregarious, 150.

Animals, multicellular, 4, 229.

Animals, multiplication of, 122.

Animals, snake-eating, 136.

Animals, segmented, 233, 234.

Animals, unicellular, 4, 229.

Animals, unsegmented, 233.

Annulata, 233.

Ant-bear, 123.

Antelope, desert, 127.

Antitoxines, 15.

Anthropoid Apes, 243.

Anthropoid Characters, 185.

Anthropomorphism, 211.

Anthropopithecus, 243, 244.

Anthropoidea, 240, 241.

Antlers, of deer, 14, 157.

Ants, 110, 123, 233.

Anura, 238.

Apes, anthropoid, 243.

Arachnida, 233.

Arcella, 16, 231.

Archæan land, Canadian, 86.

Archæan land, Blue Ridge, 86.

Archæan land, Rocky Mountain, 86.

Archæopteryx, 108, 238.

Archegosaurus, 103, 238.

Arctic regions, 151.

Argonaut, 98.

Armadillos, 114.

Arthropoda, 233.

Arthropods, 96, 98, 99.

Artificial Selection, 120, 121, 122.

Asteroidea, 232.

Atavism, 51, 52, 191.

Ateles, 242.

Attraction-sphere, 27.

Aves, 234, 238.

Aye-Ayes, 241.

Baboons, 243.

Baby, grasping power of, 192.

Bach, family of, 40.

Bacillus diphtheriæ, 16.

Bacillus, tetanus, 15.

Bacteria, 14.

Bacteria, nitrifying, 16.

Badger, 123.

Balanoglossus, 233.

Barriers, geographical, 166, 169.

Barriers, sexual, 166, 169.

Bat, 127, 130.

Bear, polar, 127.

Beavers, 157.

Bees, 59, 60, 102, 105, 110, 123, 163, 164.

Bee-eaters, 127.

Beetles, 147.

Belemnites, 108.

Berg adder, 149.

Biophors, 6.

Bipes, 115.

Blastids, 99.

Blastoidea, 233.

Blastula, 32.

Bird fancier, 120.

Birds, 96, 105, 107, 109, 144, 146, 147, 148, 152, 159.

Birds, courtship of, 153, 154.

Birds, eggs of, 132, 133, 134, 135.

Birds, excreta of, 142.

Birds, humming, 152, 157, 159.

Birds, paradise, 152.

Birds, reptilian, 108.

Birds, singing of, 154, 155.

Birds, snake-eating, 147, 149.

Boar, wild, 121, 157.

Body-cells, 45, 64.

Borneo, 138.

Bower birds, 155.

Brachiopoda, 232.

Brachiopods, 96, 97, 100, 102, 105.

Brain, 232, 233, 234, 235, 239.

Brain, development of, 199, 214, 215.

Brain, fœtal, 203, 204.

Brain, ideal section of, 203.

Brain, of fish, 199.

Brain, of lemur, 201.

Brain, of man, 203, 206, 211.

Brain, of marsupial, 200.

Brain, mind immanent in, 208.

Brain, of monkeys, 202.

Brain, psychic phenomena of, 206.

Brain, of reptile, 199.

Bryophyta, 244.

Bryozoa, 232.

Bull, 157.

Bullfinch, 154.

Butterflies, 59, 102, 110, 135, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 158, 233.

Bulldog, 121.

Caducibranchiata, 178, 237.

Calamoichthys, 236.

Callithrix, 242.

Camel, 127.

Canaries, 154.

Carinatæ, 238.

Carnivora, 239.

Carus, Dr. Paul, 208.

Castration, 224.

Catarrhinæ, 241.

Caterpillar, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 145.

Cats, forest, 128.

Cattle, 169.

Cave bear, 114.

Cebidæ, 241, 242.

Cebus, 242.

Cells, xiii. 4.

Cells, body or somatic, xiv. 45, 64.

Cells, chemistry of, 4, 5.

Cells, daughter, 8.

Cells, encysted, 5.

Cells, flagellate, 29.

Cells, germ, xiv. 45, 54, 57, 65, 67, 161.

Cells, mother, 8.

Cells, nutrition of, 7.

Cells, reproduction of, 7, 25.

Cells, stinging, 231.

Cells, structure of, 5, 6.

Centipede, 98, 233.

Centrosome, 6, 27.

Cephalopoda, 234.

Cephalopods, 98, 100.

Ceratites, 105.

Ceratodus, 104, 105, 237.

Cercopithecidæ, 241, 242.

Cerebellum, 199, 206, 239.

Cerebrum, 199, 205, 239.

Cetacea, 239.

Character, 220, 226.

Characters, acquired, 65, 68.

Characters, anthropoid, 185.

Characters, congenital, 68.

Characters, non-transmission of acquired, 66, 70.

Characters, pithecoid, 185.

Characters, transmission of acquired, 66, 76.

Chatterers, 152.

Cheiroptera, 239.

Cheirotes, 115.

Chelonia, 238.

Children, rights of unborn, 224, 225.

Chimæroids, 106, 236.

Chimpanzee, 243, 244.

Chiromys, 241.

Chitons, 234.

Choice, 216, 223.

Chordata, 234.

Chromosomes, 6, 31.

Chrysothrix, 242.

Civilization, 215.

Classification, xi. xii.

Club-foot, 193.

Clubmosses, 100, 102, 245.

Cockroaches, 100, 234.

Codosiga umbellata, 23.

Cœcilia, 238.

Cœlenterata, 32, 96, 97, 99, 230, 231, 232.

Coloration, alluring, 128, 141.

Coloration, protective, 127, 128, 135.

Coloration, as recognition marks, 150.

Coloration, warning, 128, 144.

Columba livia, 120.

Comb-bearers, 231.

Condylarthra, 111.

Coniferæ, 105, 215.

Corals, 96, 97, 100, 102.

Corals, chain, 99, 100.

Corals, honeycomb, 99, 100.

Coral, hydroid, 99, 100.

Coreopsis, 142.

Cormorants, 134.

Cosmic Designer, 220.

Cosmos, Soul of, 210, 211.

Cows, 121.

Crabs, 233.

Creation, 211, 212.

Creodonta, 111.

Criminals, 223, 224.

Crinoidea, 96, 97, 99, 100, 232.

Crocodilia, 157, 238.

Crossopterygii, 101, 103, 105, 106, 109, 110, 236.

Cross-sterility, 167, 168, 169.

Crustacea, 102, 103, 233.

Cryptogams, 97, 244.

Ctenophora, 231.

Cuttlefish, 98, 234.

Cycadaceæ, 100, 102, 105, 245.

Cynocephalus, 243.

Cypresses, 100, 102, 245.

Cystids, 96, 97, 99.

Cystoidea, 232.

Cytoplasm, 4.

Daisy, ox-eyed, 142.

Deer, fallow, 169.

Deer, forest, 128, 129.

Design, 212.

Designer, 212.

Desmids, 12.

Diatoms, 12, 18.

Dicotyledones, 245.

Didelphia, 239.

Difflugia, 17, 230.

Dinosauria, 107, 109, 238.

Dipnoi, 101, 103, 106, 236, 237.

Disuse, 60, 63, 64, 216.

Dogs, 146.

Dragon flies, 100.

Dragons, flying, 107.

Dromatherium, 106.

Ducks, 134, 157.

Echinodermata, 96, 97, 99, 102, 231, 232.

Echinoidea, 232.

Ectoderm, 32, 230, 231.

Ectoplasm, 11.

Edentata, 239.

Elaps, 146, 149.

Elasmobranchii, 101, 103, 236.

Elephant, 112, 160.

Elimination, 125.

Elimination, climatic, 125.

Elimination, by enemies, 126.

Elimination, physical, 125.

Elimination, through competition, 126.

Elms, 216.

Embryo, coral, 123.

Embryo, instability of, 167.

Embryology, 33.

Endoderm, 32, 230, 231.

Endoplasm, 11.

Enteron, 231.

Enteropneusta, 233.

Environment, 54, 55, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 90, 127, 223.

Environment, complexity of, 90.

Environment and coloration, 126, 127.

Environment, unstable, 81.

Eohippus, 113.

Epencephalon, 199.

Epiblast, 32.

Epoch, Champlain, 85, 89.

Epoch, Eocene, 85.

Epoch, Glacial, 85, 89.

Epoch, Miocene, 85.

Epoch, Pliocene, 85.

Epoch, Terrace, 85, 89.

Equatorial-plate, 27.

Equus, 113.

Era, Archæan, 85, 94.

Era, Cenozoic, 85.

Era, Mesozoic, 85, 110.

Era, Palæozoic, 85, 86.

Era, Psychozoic, 85, 114.

Erythrolamprus, 149.

Eucalyptus, 132.

Evolution, 108.

Evolution, factors of, xiii.

Evolution, definition of, xiii.

Evolution, psychic, 215.

Evolution, social, 215, 225.

Evolution, goal of, 226.

Falcon, 127.

Fantail, 120.

Ferns, 100, 102, 244.

Fertilization, 29, 42.

Fertilization, cross, 162.

Fertilization, by humming birds, 161.

Fertilization, by insects, 161.

Fertilization, by the wind, 161.

Fertilization, of flowers, 161.

Fertilization, of frog’s eggs, 173.

Fertilization, of ovum, 29.

Fetichism, 209.

Finches, 157.

Fishes, 96, 101, 103, 104, 106, 109, 127, 152.

Fishes, Age of, 101.

Fishes, generalized, 102.

Fishes, with Amphibian characters, 101.

Flagellum, 19, 29.

Flies, 142.

Flower, simile of the, 213.

Flowers, 105, 144.

Flowers, conspicuous, 162.

Flowers, female, 161.

Flowers, fertilization of, 151.

Flowers, male, 160, 161.

Flowers, parts of, 160.

Flowers, primitive, 161.

Food, 58, 61.

Foraminifera, 12, 97, 102, 230.

Forest of Dean, 169.

Fossils, 94.

Friar Birds, 148.

Frog, development of, 173, 177.

Frogs, 135, 136, 137, 138, 146, 238.

Fuegians, 187.

Fungi, 244.

Game-cock, 157, 159.

Ganglia, 232, 233.

Ganoidei, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 237.

Garpikes, 105, 237.

Gasteropoda, 234.

Gastrula, 32.

Gastrulation, 32.

Gemmæ, 6.

Gemmules, 6.

Generations, alternations of, 231.

Geometer Moth, caterpillar of, 140.

Gephyrea, 2, 3.

Germ-cells, 45, 54, 57, 161.

Germ-cells, continuity of, 67, 70, 71.

Germ-cells, insulated, 65, 68, 70.

Gibbons, 243, 244.

Giraffe, 129, 130.

Globigerina, 13, 23.

Goat-sucker, 134.

Goniatites, 100, 102, 105.

Gorillas, 243, 244.

Graptolites, 96, 97, 99.

Grasses, 245.

Gregarina, 230.

Gregarinida, 230.

Gromia oviformis, 20.

Grouse, 159.

Gymnophiona, 238.

Gymnospermæ, 244.

Habitat, 54, 60.

Hair, 194.

Hapale, 242.

Hapalidæ, 241, 242.

Hares, 157, 160.

Hare, Polar, 127.

Hawk, 132.

Hearing, 195.

Heliconidæ, 145, 147, 148.

Hereditary Mass, 41, 43, 44, 46, 51.

Hereditary Mass, reduction of, 46.

Hereditary Threads, 31, 41.

Hereditary Units, ancestral, 43, 45.

Hereditary Units, maternal, 42.

Hereditary Units, paternal, 42.

Heredity, xiii. 39, 53, 54, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76.

Heredity, examples of, 40.

Heritages, atavistic, 49.

Heritages, augmentation of, 47.

Heritages, blending of, 47.

Heritages, latent, 49.

Heritages, mutually exclusive, 47.

Heritages, prepotency of, 47.

Heritages, struggle of, 48.

Heritages, totality of, 75.

Herons, 134.

Hesperornis, 238.

Hippopotamus, 111.

Hog, 111.

Holocephali, 236.

Holothuroidea, 232.

Hominidæ, 242, 243.

Homo delinquens, 52.

Homo sapiens, 52.

Honey-suckers, 148.

Horse, 112, 121, 122.

Horse, feet of, 113.

Horse, swiftness of, 122.

Horsetails, 100, 102, 244.

Hyaloplasm, 5.

Hydra, 231.

Hydroids, 231.

Hydrozoa, 231.

Hylobatinæ, 244.

Hylobates, 243, 244.

Hypoblast, 32.

Hyracoidea, 239.

Ichthyornis, 238.

Ichthyosauria, 107, 238.

Idioblasts, 6.

India, 141.

Infancy, 217, 218.

Infant, grasping power of, 192.

Infection, congenital bacterial, 53.

Infection, prenatal, 54.

Infusoria, 42, 230.

Insecta, 233.

Insectivora, 107, 239.

Insects, 100, 102, 110, 135, 137, 141, 143, 144, 147, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165.

Insect selection, 160, 164.

Invertebrates, 96, 234.

Irish elk, 114.

Isolation, geographical, 166.

Isolation, sexual, 166.

Java, 140, 142.

Jukes, the, 41.

Kaffir Boom, 130.

Kallima, 139, 140.

Kerivoula picta, 130.

Labyrinthodonts, 103, 104.

Lacertilia, 238.

Lagena, 13, 23.

Lamellibranchiata, 234.

Lampreys, 101.

Lampshells, 96, 232.

Lancelet, 235.

Larva, of Georgia butterfly, 138.

Law of battle, 158, 159.

Leaf-hoppers, 141.

Leaf insects, 140.

Leaf thrushes, 127.

Leeches, 233.

Lemuroidea, 111, 240.

Lepidosiren, 237.

Lepidosteus, 236.

Leptocardii, 234, 235.

Lichens, 244.

Life-forms, transmutations of, 93.

Life-forms, typical animal, 95.

Limestone, 13.

Lions, 127, 160.

Lislet-Geoffrey, 48.

Liverworts, 244.

Lizards, 144, 146, 158.

Locusts, palatable, 146.

Locusts, unpalatable, 146.

Longicornia, 147.

Lung-fishes, 103, 104, 237.

Macacus, 243.

Macaques, 243.

Magnolias, 111.

Malay Archipelago, 148.

Mammalia, 23, 240.

Mammals, 96, 107, 109, 111, 113, 144, 152, 160.

Mammals, Age of, 111.

Mammals, land, 165.

Mammals, placental, 239.

Mammals, reptilian, 106, 107, 111.

Mammals, snake-eating, 147, 149.

Man, 146, 216.

Man, age of, 114.

Man, ancestors of, 185, 186.

Man, brutish instincts of, 219.

Man, evolution of, 180, 188.

Man, imperfect adaptations of, 190.

Man, primitive, 187.

Man, quaternary, 114.

Mantis, 141.

Marmosets, 242.

Marsipobranchii, 234, 235.

Marsupials, 106, 107, 239.

Mastodon, 114.

Maturation, of ovum, 46.

Medulla, 199.

Mesencephalon, 199.

Mesenchyme, 231, 232.

Mesoblast, 32.

Mesoglœa, 230.

Mesoshippus, 113.

Metaphyta, 244.

Metaplasm, 4, 5.

Metazoa, 229, 230.

Metencephalon, 199.

Mice, 127.

Microgromia socialis, 22.

Microlestes, 106.

Midas, 242.

Mimicry, 128, 147.

Mind, 216.

Miohippus, 113.

Misumena vatia, 142.

Mitosis, 7, 25.

Moles, 127, 157.

Mollusca, 96, 98, 99, 100, 232, 233.

Monera, 230.

Monism, 208.

Monkeys, Capuchin, 242.

Monkeys, howling, 242.

Monkeys, New World, 241.

Monkeys, Old World, 241.

Monkeys, primitive, 111.

Monkeys, spider, 242.

Monkeys, squirrel, 242.

Monocotyledones, 245.

Monodelphia, 233.

Monotheism, 210.

Monotremes, 106, 107, 239.

Morula, 31.

Mosses, 244.

Moths, 59, 61, 102.

Mountains, Appalachian, 87.

Mountains, Coast Range, 89.

Mountains, Colorado, 88.

Mountains, Wahsatch, 88.

Multituberculata, 111.

Musk sheep, 151.

Mycetes, 242.

Myriapoda, 233.

Natural Selection, 119, 120, 124, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 141, 143, 147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 160, 162, 165, 225.

Nautiloids, 98.

Nautilus, 98.

Nemathelminthes, 232.

Nemertina, 233.

Newfoundland, 121.

Nicaragua, 146.

Noctiluca, 18, 230.

North America, development of, 85.

Notochord, 234, 235.

Nucleus, 6, 41, 44, 51.

Nucleus, as formative center, 8.

Nucleus, hermaphroditic, 43.

Nucleus, reduction of, 46.

Oaks, 245.

Odontornithes, 238.

Olfactory lobes, 199.

Optic lobes, 199.

Ontogeny, 178, 179, 180.

Onychophora, 233.

Oösperm, 31, 173.

Oösperm, segmentation of, 31.

Operculum, 196.

Ophidia, 238.

Opponens Hallucis, 190, 191.

Orangs, 243, 244.

Orchis, 141, 163.

Ornithodelphia, 239.

Orohippus, 113.

Orthoceratites, 98, 99, 100.

Osteoblasts, 13.

Osteoclasts, 13.

Ostracoderms, 100, 101.

Ova, 56.

Ovum, fertilized, 180.

Ovum, human, 28, 31.

Ovum, maturation of, 29, 43, 46.

Oyster, 234.

Palms, 245.

Pandorina morum, 24, 31.

Pangenesis, 66, 69.

Pangenesis, modified, 68, 71.

Pangennæ, 6.

Paramecium, 230.

Parrots, 127.

Parthenogenesis, 42, 59.

Partridge, 134.

Paupers, 223.

Peacocks, 152.

Pelicans, 134.

Perception, 207.

Perennibranchiata, 177, 238.

Period, Cambrian, 85, 96.

Period, Carboniferous, 85, 87, 102.

Period, Cretaceous, 85, 88, 108, 110.

Period, Devonian, 85, 87, 100.

Period, Jurassic, 85, 88, 106, 110.

Period, Ordovician, 96.

Period, Permian, 104.

Period, Quaternary, 85, 89, 113.

Period, Silurian, 85, 87, 96, 98.

Period, Tertiary, 85, 112.

Period, Triassic, 85, 105, 110.

Peripatus, 233.

Phanerogams, 244.

Pheasants, 134, 152.

Phosphorescence, 20.

Phrynocephalus mystaceus, 141.

Phylogeny, 178, 179, 180.

Pig, domesticated, 121.

Pigeons, Wild Rock, 120.

Pigeons, fantail, 120.

Pigeons, fruit-eating, 127.

Pigeons, pouter, 120.

Pigeons, tumbler, 120.

Pigeons, white-headed fruit, 131.

Pines, 100, 102, 245.

Pisces, 234, 236.

Plagiostomi, 236.

Plants, land, 96, 97, 99, 100.

Plants, flowering, 100, 110, 244.

Plants, flowerless, 100, 244.

Plants, generalized, 102.

Plants, unicellular, 4.

Plants, multicellular, 4.

Plastids, 5.

Platyhelminthes, 232.

Platyrrhinæ, 241.

Pleuracanthus, 103.

Pliohippus, 113.

Plovers, 131.

Polar bodies, 29.

Polyodon, 237.

Polyps, 32, 231.

Polypterus, 236.

Polytheism, 210.

Poplars, 245.

Porifera, 25, 230.

Pouter, 120.

Preferential mating, 157, 159, 169.

Primates, 239.

Primitive man, 187.

Primrose, 163.

Proboscidea, 239.

Pronucleus, female, 29, 31.

Pronucleus, male, 29, 31.

Prosencephalon, 199.

Protective Imitation of Particular Objects, 138.

Protective Resemblance, 128.

Proteus, 237.

Protohippus, 113.

Protophyta, 244.

Protoplasm, 4, 5, 33, 44.

Protopterus, 237.

Protozoa, 229, 230.

Protozoa, flagellate, 24, 25.

Protozoa, colonial, 22, 25.

Pseudo-heredity, 53.

Pseudopodia, 12.

Psychic phenomena, 207.

Ptarmigan, 131.

Pteridophyta, 244.

Pterosauria, 107, 109, 238.

Ptilopus cinctus, 131.

Quadrula, 17, 230.

Recognition Marks, 150.

Reducing process, 46.

Redwood, 111.

Regeneration of lost parts, 50.

Reptiles, 96, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 152, 157, 235, 238.

Reptiles, Age of, 110.

Reptiles, generalized, 104, 107.

Reptiles, land, 107.

Reptiles, sea, 107.

Reptiles, extinction of, 125.

Reptiles, of bat-like form, 107.

Reptiles, of lizard-like form, 104.

Rabbit, 151.

Radiolaria, 97.

Ratitæ, 238.

Raven, 132.

Rays, 106, 236.

Recognition Marks, 128, 150, 169.

Religion, 221, 222.

Rhinencephalon, 199.

Rhinoceros, 112.

Rhizopoda, 230.

Ribs, 194.

Rocks, table of stratified, 95.

Rodentia, 239.

Rotalia, 13, 23.

Rotatoria, 232.

Rotifer, 232.

Ruminants, 111, 137.

Rupture, 190.

Saitis pulex, 156.

Salamanders, 103, 147.

Salamandra, 237.

Salmons, 157, 158, 237.

Saururæ, 238.

Scaphopoda, 234.

Scorpions, 99, 233.

Sea, Cretaceous, 68.

Sea, Palæozoic, 86.

Sea-anemones, 231.

Sea-cucumbers, 232.

Seals, 160.

Seaweeds, 96, 97, 244.

Sea-urchins, 97, 99, 232.

Selfishness, 216.

Selection, artificial, 120, 121.

Selection, insect, 160, 164.

Selection, natural, 119, 120, 122, 124, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 141, 143, 147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 160, 162, 165, 225.

Selection, physiological, 169.

Selection, rational, 214.

Selection, sexual, 152, 153, 154, 157, 158, 164.

Sharks, 106, 107, 109, 235.

Sharks, primitive, 100.

Sheep, 121.

Sheep, heath, 169.

Sheep, merino, 169.

Shrimps, 103, 233.

Simia, 243, 244.

Simiidæ, 242, 243, 244.

Simiinæ, 244.

Sinus venosus, 236.

Siredon, 62, 63.

Siren, 237.

Sirenia, 239.

Skye-terrier, 121.

Sloths, 114.

Snail, 234.

Snakes, 135, 136, 137, 138, 147, 148, 149.

Snipe, 131.

Social evolution, goal of, 220.

Soil, 69.

Somatic-cells, 45.

Spermatozoid, 29, 43, 56.

Sphinx fuciformis, 138.

Spider, 141, 142, 143, 146, 158, 233.

Spider, love-dance of, 156.

Spindle, 27.

Sponges, 25, 96, 97, 99, 230.

Spongioplasm, 5.

Sports, 48, 49, 53.

Spring-bok, 151.

Spruces, 245.

Squids, 98, 234.

Squirrels, 157.

Stag, 157.

Star-fishes, 96, 97, 99, 232.

Stegocephala, 103, 104, 106, 238.

Sticklebacks, 157, 158.

Stone-lily, 232.

Storks, 134.

Struggle for Existence, 124.

Sturgeon, 237.

Stylonychia, 10, 230.

Sumatra, 140.

Sunbirds, 130, 131.

Survival of the Fittest, 120, 122, 138, 143.

Symmetry, bilateral, 231, 232, 233.

Symmetry, radial, 231.

Sympathy, 216.

Tadpoles, 58, 59, 174, 175.

Tail, 195.

Tanagers, 152.

Tapir, 112.

Tarsius, 241.

Tee Tees, 242.

Teleostomi, 236.

Teleosts, 101, 106, 109, 110, 237.

Temperature, 54, 61.

Tetrao cupido, 159.

Thalamencephalon, 199.

Thalami, 199.

Thallophyta, 244.

Theromorpha, 104, 105, 106, 238.

Thomisus citreus, 141.

Threads, chromatin, 6.

Threads, hereditary, 31, 41.

Threads, nuclear, 6.

Tiger, protective coloration of, 128, 129.

Tiger, saber-toothed, 114.

Timor, island of, 132.

Toad, 238.

Tortoises, 157.

Toxalbumin, 16.

Toxines, 15.

Tree of Life, 182, 183, 184.

Trilobites, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 233.

Triton, 175, 237.

Tumbler, 120.

Tunicata, 234.

Turtledoves, 154.

Ungulata, 239.

Ungulates, even-toed, 111.

Ungulates, odd-toed, 111.

Units, hereditary, 41, 42, 43, 45.

Units, invisible, 7.

Units, morphological, 4.

Units, physiological, 6, 8.

Units, structural, 4.

Units, visible, 7.

Urodela, 237.

Use, 60, 63, 64, 216.

Uterus, displacements of, 190.

Vacuole, 5.

Variations, 39, 46, 54, 120, 143, 167, 168.

Variations, blastogenetic, 54, 55, 56.

Variations, examples of, 39.

Variations, harmful, 168.

Variations, neutral, 168.

Variations, somatogenetic, 54, 55, 60.

Variations, through amphimixis, 46, 166.

Variations, useful, 168.

Varieties, commencing species, 168.

Varieties, isolation of, 166.

Velvet, 14.

Vena cava, 236, 237.

Ventricles, 233, 236, 237.

Vermes, 232.

Vermiform appendix, 194.

Vertebrata, 100, 105, 108, 234.

Vestigial structures, 198.

Volvox globator, 24, 32.

Waders, 157.

Wasp, 146, 147.

Weevils, 147.

Whales, 107, 124, 165.

White blood-corpuscles, 15.

Will, 207, 223.

Woodcock, 131.

Woodpecker, 155, 157.

Worms, 232.

Worms, earth, 233.

Worms, flat, 232.

Worms, round, 232.

Worms, sea or marine, 96, 233.

Worms, star, 233.

Worms, unsegmented, 232.

Zebra, 129.

_Important Biological Publications_

THE PRIMARY FACTORS OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION. By _Prof. E. D. Cope_. Cuts, 121. Pp., xvi, 547. Cloth, $2.00 (10s.).

DARWIN AND AFTER DARWIN. An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions. By _George John Romanes, LL. D., F. R. S., etc._

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1. THE DARWINIAN THEORY. With portrait of Darwin. Pp., 460. 125 cuts. Second edition. Cloth, $2.00.

2. POST-DARWINIAN QUESTIONS. Heredity and Utility. With portrait of Romanes. Pp., 338. Cloth, $1.50.

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AN EXAMINATION OF WEISMANNISM. By _George John Romanes_. Pp., ix, 221. Cloth, $1.00. Paper, 35c.

THE PSYCHIC LIFE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS. By _Dr. Alfred Binet_. Authorised translation. Pp., xii, 120. Cloth, 75c. (3s. 6d.). Paper, 25c. (1s. 6d.).

ON GERMINAL SELECTION. By _August Weismann_. Pp., xii, 61. Paper, 25c. (1s. 6d.).