A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan

Part 155

Chapter 1554,331 wordsPublic domain

piyangpiyang, piyangpíyang n {1} cymbal, a musical instrument which is a pair of metal concave plates that ring when struck together. {2} a lesbian (humorous metaphor). v {1} [A; b6(1)] play a cymbal. {2} [A; a12] make into cymbals. {3} [C1; b2] do lesbian acts; be a lesbian.

píyas a for s.t. which was full to be without its contents and flat and crinkled. Dì na píyas ang tiyan sa bátà nga nakakaun na, Now that the child has eaten, his stomach isn’t sunken. v {1} [B; c1] cause s.t. that was bulging to flatten out. Mapíyas ang ligid sa awtu ug way hángin, The tire of the car goes flat when there is no air. Nagpíyas ang sáku nga way sulud, The empty sack was crinkled. {2} [A; c1] split s.t. laterally or peel around the edges. Gipíyas níya ang íyang pitáka ug gipakítà ang sulud, He opened his wallet to show the contents. Gipíyas níya ang ságing nga mantikaan, She cut the bananas in half to fry them.

piyatpiyat n variation of poker with up to four players, each of which is dealt thirteen cards, which are divided into three groups, two with five cards each, and one with three cards. The players’ three different hands are pitted against each other, and the player who has two winning hands gets the pot. v [A; c] play this sort of poker.

píyu see prisyu.

píyù n k.o. edible fresh water crab about 2″ by 3″ in size.

píyuk v [B2S3; ab7P] for lamps or lights to grow dim. Nagpiyuk man ang sugà. Limpiyúhi ang túbu, Why is the light dim? Clean the chimney.

piyun, píyun n {1} common laborer, esp. the lowest-ranking. {2} pawn in chess. v [B156] be, become a common laborer. Mapíyun giyud kag dì ka mulampus, You’ll become nothing but a common laborer if you don’t succeed in your studies.

píyung v [A2S; c1] close the eyes. Pyúnga (ipíyung) ang ímung mata; unyà tag-ána ni, Close your eyes; then guess what it is. {2} [A12; b6] for one to be so good at doing s.t. he can do it with the eyes closed. Pyúngan nà nákug áyu, I can fix that with my eyes closed. {3} [A; a12] close one’s eyes to s.t. bad, tolerate it. Kadtung nagpíyung sa ílang mga mata sa mga kasaypánan sad-an pud, Those who close their eyes to the irregularities are also guilty. (→) a for the eyes to be closed. tag-(→) v [B; c1] take a short nap. Mutagpiyung lang kug kadiyut, I’ll just take a short nap. Natagpiyung tingali siya kay naawahi man sa trabáhu, He must have dozed off because he was late to work.

plág n electrical plug. v = plag-in.

plag-in v [A; c] plug in an electrical plug.

plagpul n flagpole.

plagrísing n flag-raising ceremony before the day’s activities start. v [A1] hold the flag-raising ceremony.

plagritrǐt n flag retreat ceremony at the end of the day’s activities. v [A] engage in a flag retreat ceremony.

plagsirimúni n flag-raising ceremony. v [A1] hold a flag-raising ceremony.

plagsut v [B246; b8] pop out when squeezed, be propelled from a confined space when pressed. Muplagsut ang lísu ug pislítun nímu ang búnga, The seed will pop out if you squeeze the fruit. Naplagsutan siyag asíti pagbumba nákù sa tangki, When I pumped the tank, oil spurted out on her.

plahúta = plawta.

pláka n {1} phonograph record. {2} plate from which a photograph is made. {3} plaque. {4} license plate of a vehicle. v {1} [A; b] record s.t. on a phonograph record. {2} [b] use a plate in a camera. {3} [A] get, give, have a license plate.

plakul = palakul.

plamingku = palamingku.

plámir n plumber. v [B156; a12] be a plumber.

plán n custard. v [A; c] make, have custard.

planggána n wash basin.

plangganíta n small basin.

plangka n service switch, the switch on a service box used to connect or disconnect electricity to a house. v [b6] put a service switch s.w.

plangkíru n one who saws timber into planks or controls the machine doing so.

planhay a sloping gradually. Planhay ang ílang yútà dì bakilid dì sad pátag, Their land is a gradual slope. It is not steep, nor is it level. v [B; c1] slope slightly or gradually. Iplanhay (planháya) pag-atup, Make the roof at a slight slope.

planíla = praníla.

planíta n planet, esp. as a source of astrological information.

plansa = plantsa.

planta n plant, factory, powerhouse. v [A12; b6] put up a plant.

plantáda a in plain, unobstructed view. Plantáda kaáyu ang ílang balay gíkan sa iskína, You can see their house clearly from the corner. v [AB; c6] be in full view, cause s.t. to be so. Miplantáda siyag lingkud arun makit-an sa tanan, She sat where everybody could see her. Kanang munumintung nagplantáda dihà, The monument that you see there.

plantasiyun n plantation. v [A1; b6] have a plantation.

plantilya n {1} list of permanent employees. Wà ka sa plantilya kay kaswal pa ka, You are not in the roster because you are a temporary employee. {2} cut-out pattern, sheet pattern. v {1} [A; b6] make a list of employees. {2} [A; c1] make, make with a pattern. Plantilyaha (iplantilya) ning dáan nga sín, Use this old iron sheet for your patterns. Plantilyáhi ang panaptun arun sayun ra tabásun, Use a pattern on the cloth so that it will be easy to cut.

plantsa n {1} flatiron. {2} trowel. {3} crew cut. a for iron sheets to be flat and smooth. Plantsang sín ang itaptap sa lamísa, Cover the table with smooth sheets of tin. v [A; a] {1} iron s.t. Plantsáha ri day, Please iron this for me, Miss. {1a} flatten out metal sheets that are corrugated or wrinkled. {2} smooth out cement. {3} [A; c1] give a crew cut. plantsahan n ironing board. -du, -wu n ironed clothes. -dur(→) n presser. v [B] become a presser. -in- n {1} s.t. ironed. {2} crew cut. plantsahun, plantsahúnun, plantsaduhun n clothes to iron.

plánu n {1} plan of s.t. constructed on a piece of ground. {2} plan, program of what one is going to do. {2a} plan, intention. Wà kuy plánu paglangyaw, I have no plans to go abroad. v {1} [A; b6] make a plan of s.t. {2} [A; ab] make plans, devise a plan for s.t. Akuy muplánu sa kasal, I’ll make the wedding plans. Giplánu giyug maáyu ang pagtúlis sa bangku, The bank robbery was well planned. {2a} plan, intend to do s.t.

plaríti n ribbing of a boat to which the walling is attached. v [A; b] make the ribbing for a boat.

*plas — [number of English origin] [so-and-so] many points advantage. Hatágan níyag plas payib ang bangà níyang kuntra, He will give his weaker opponent a five-point advantage.

plás_1 v [A; b1c] flush the toilet, flush water over an area. Iplás ang kasilyas humag gámit, Flush the toilet after using it. Giplásan níya ug túhig ang húgaw sa salug sa banyu, She flushed water over the bathroom floor to get rid of the dirt. n flush mechanism.

plás_2 n flash equipment of a camera. v [c6] flash news over the radio or on the screen. Ang kalit nga kamatáyun sa prisidinti sa násud giplás sa radiyu karun, The sudden death of the president was flashed over the radio now. -ing_1 n {1} appearance of the characters on stage before a play begins. {2} short advertisement flashed on the screen in the movies before the show begins.

plása n plaza, a public square or market place in a city or town. v [ac] make a plaza.

plas balb n flash bulb.

plasíbu n {1} feast celebrated in the evening before All Souls’ Day where food is prepared as an offering to the departed. Originally it was unsalted and put at the altar or before a grave. It marks the end of a novena. {2} the food prepared for this occasion. {3} funeral rites preceding a burial accompanied or followed by a solemn tolling of bells. Human sa plasíbu dad-un sa mintiryu ang minatay, After the church ceremony the body will be taken to the cemetery. {3a} the tolling of the bells for the dead. v [A; b] hold this feast or funeral ceremony. paN- v [A2; b6(1)] partake of this feast. Mamlasíbu ta karung gabíi sa íla, We will participate in their All Souls’ Eve celebration.

plásing_2 n flashing at the edge of a roof. v [A1; c] put up the flashing at the edge of a roof.

plásis n {1} hand in mahjong consisting of only one unit: sirkuls, or bambu, or karaktir with any other combination of wind pieces (bintus) or dragons (drágun). {2} flush hand in a card game. Lúpig ang plásis sa pulháwus, A flush can’t beat a full house.

plaskíya n long, wooden straightedge of no standard length.

plasláyit n flashlight. {v} [A; b] shine a flashlight on, use a flashlight.

plasta, plastǎr = palastǎr.

plastik n {1} plastic. {2} plastic surgery. v [A; a] perform plastic surgery. — surdyiri n plastic surgery.

plastir n medical plaster or adhesive. — ab paris n plaster of Paris. — kast n plaster cast. v {1} [A; b6(1)] use, put a plaster to cover a wound or s.t. {2} [A; c1] apply a plaster cast to s.o.

plásu n extension, postponement of the agreed deadline, esp. of payment. v [A; b6] give an extension or postponement. Giplasúhan lang kug usa ka búlan paghátag sa bugay, I was given a month’s extension to give the bride price.

plat n garden plot. v [A; a] divide a garden into plots.

plát a {1} flat, not having depressions or elevations on it. Plát ug dughang bayhána, A flat-chested woman. {2} completely without money, penniless. Plát kaáyu ku run, I am completely broke. {3} flat tire. {3a} tire without enough air. Bumbáhi pa kay plát pa, Put more air in it because it still is flat. {4} flat-heeled shoes. {5} be knocked flat. Naigù sa ákung liphuk, dà plát lagi, I hit him with my left hook and he was knocked out flat. v {1} [B] get to be flat. Maplát ang bisiklíta ug sakyan ug tambuk, The bicycle tires will get pressed down flat if a fat person rides on it. {2} [B; a] get a flat tire. Naplátan mi, maung nadúgay mi, We had a flat tire, and so we were delayed. {3} [A1] wear flat shoes, slippers. {4} [A2; a12] refuse s.o. flatly. Giplát ku níya dáyun nga wà kuy ispiransa, She told me flatly that I had no hope. — syus n flat-heeled shoes. — tayir n flat tire. — tap crew cut. v [A; c16] get a crew cut.

pláta n {1} silver. {2} silver coin. v [b] alloy s.t. with silver. búda di- see búda.

plátap = plát tap. see plát.

platapurma n {1} stage, platform. {2} platform of a political party. v [A; b6] make a stage or platform.

platik = palatik.

platínu, platínum n interruptor of an internal combustion engine.

platiríya n goldsmith shop. v [A; a] put up a goldsmith shop.

platíru n silver-, goldsmith.

platítu_1 n saucer. v [a2] put a saucer or small plate.

platítu_2 n k.o. ornamental bush: Polyscias scutellaria.

platnus a flat-nosed.

plátu, platun_1 n general name for plates of any material, flat or deep. v [A; a2] eat from plates. hayang ang — see hayang.

platun_2 n platoon in the military. — lídir n platoon leader.

pláwir n {1} female genitalia (euphemism). {2} minor characters in a play, insignificant performers in a game. {3} = búlak, 2a. v {1} [A; a12] be a minor character in a play or game. Napláwir ku adtung duláa kay wà ku hipasahi, I didn’t do anything in that game because they never passed the ball to me once. {2} [A12; b6] draw a búlak in mahjong. — bis n vase. — gil n flower girl. v [B56; c16] be a flower girl. — pat n flowerpot.

plawta n flute. v {1} [AN; a] play the flute, make into a flute. {2} [A23N2; a12] eat s.t. long as if playing the flute. Kusug siyang muplawta (mamlawta) ug inánag, He really eats broiled corn on the cob fast.

*play mu-(→) a = unglù (humorous—so called from the ability of the unglù to fly). kan-(→) = muplǎy.

play-awi n hair style of shoulder-length hair hanging down loosely. v [A1; c1] fix, wear the hair in this style.

playing súsir n flying saucer.

pláyir= playis.

playis n pliers. v [A; a2] use pliers.

playit n scheduled flight of an airplane. Unsang urása ang ímung playit? What time is your flight? — atindant n flight attendant.

playwit n flyweight boxer. v [B126] be in the flyweight class.

playwud n plywood. v [A1; a12] use, make s.t. of plywood.

plí_1 n exclamation uttered to make a game start. Nakatágù na mu? Plí! Are you all hidden? Coming ready or not.

plí_2 v [AC; ab5c2] have sexual relations (euphemism). Káda gabíi magplí sila, They have sexual intercourse every night.

plibisítu n referendum, special election over a single issue. v [A13; c] hold a referendum.

plíbul v [A23] go along s.o. else’s proposal or decision just to gain or stay in his good graces. Kay mau may íyang gustu, muplíbul lang ta, If that’s what he wants, let’s just go along with it.

plíbuy_1 n short-sleeved sport shirt. v [A; a] wear, make into a sport shirt.

plíbuy_2 a philanderer, one who plays around with lots of women. v [B12] be a philanderer.

plígis = pilígis.

pligráwun n {1} playground. {2} a set of activities such as dances, calisthenics, gymnastics, and the like, performed en masse on an open area. v [a2] make a playground. — dimunstrisyun = pligráwun, 2.

plígu = pilígu.

plíma n phlegm.

plimíru = primíru.

plín_1 n airplane. v [A1; a1c] take, bring in an airplane. Magplín ku paingun sa Manílà, I’ll take a plane to Manila.

plín_2 n cloth that is unfigured, untwilled.

plirayid n unofficial player in a game or gambling, participating as filler so that there is a full contingent of the required number of players. His scores are not counted and he cannot take part in betting. Daghan untà kug puntus apan walà ikwinta kay plirayid ra man ku, I got lots of points, but they were not counted because I just filled in. v [A] fill in to make a full contingent.

plirt a for a woman to be flirting or coquettish. v [A; b6] flirt with s.o.

plísing v [A; c] in ball games, played with a net, place the ball in a certain spot in the opponent’s side. Iplísing sa wala ang búla ug náa siya sa tuu, Place the ball in the left side if he is on the right side. a hitting in a place that is difficult to return the ball from.

plismat n placemat for putting under dishes. v [A; c] use placemats.

plít = pilígis.

plíti n {1} fare. Pilay plíti ngadtus Manílà? How much is the fare to Manila? {1a} fare money. Díay ímung plíti, Here’s the money for your fare. {2} rental. v {1} [A; c] rent. Muplíti ra kug libru kay wà kuy ipalit, I’ll just rent my books because I don’t have enough money to buy them. {2} [A; c] pay the rent, fare. Siyay nagplíti nákù, He paid my fare.

plitína = pilitína.

plitnambir n vehicle plate number. walay — palm toddy which is artificially made (slang). Way plitnambir ning tubáa, magkalíbang ta íni, This is an artificial palm toddy. We’ll get diarrhea from it. v [A; b6(1)] issue a plate number to a vehicle.

plíts = pilígis.

plitsa n a four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage used in former times. v [A3; a12] ride in this sort of carriage.

plú n flu. v [B12; a4] be sick with flu. Plúhun gánì ka, pahúlay dáyun, Go immediately to bed if you get the flu.

plúhu = pulúhu.

plúma n {1} ornamental feathers. {2} fountain, or dip pen, quill. {3} the graphite in pencils. v {1} [A; b(1)] adorn s.t. with feathers. Giplumáhan ang mga kálù sa mga sundálung bitiránu, The veterans adorned their hats with feathers. {2} [A1; a12] use, write with a fountain pen or dip pen. Magplúma ta inigsulat sa átung tím, We’ll use a dip pen for writing our themes.

plumáhi n ornamental feathers. v [b] adorn s.t. with ornamental feathers.

plumíru_1 n feather duster. v [A; a] dust s.t. with a feather duster, make a feather duster.

plumíru_2 = plámir.

plúmu n {1} lead. Plúmu ang gihímù níyang pamatu, He used lead for his sinker. {2} washer put under nails. v [A; b6] nail s.t. with a washer. Ang lansang sa sín plumúhan arun dì mutúlù, They put washers under the roof nails to prevent it from leaking.

plur n floor, storey of a building. Unsang plúra ang ímung upisína, sa pip plur? What floor is your office, on the fifth floor?

plúral upiring n flower offering put on a monument or given to a beauty queen with a ceremony. v [A1] hold such a ceremony.

plurdilis n zinnia.

pluríra n flower vase. v [A; c1] use s.t. as a flower vase.

plúris {1} = búlak, 2a. {2} — di Máyu season in the month of May when flowers are offered to the Virgin in the church. v {1} [A12; b6] draw a búlak in mahjong. {2} [A1] hold the celebration of the May flowers.

plurisin n fluorescent lamp. v [A1; b(1)] use, install a fluorescent lamp.

plurlídir n {1} floor leader in the legislature. {2} the one of a group that sleeps on the floor (humorous). Kay kúlang ug katri, ikay plurlídir, There’s not enough beds so you sleep on the floor. v {1} [B156; c16] be made the floor leader. {2} [A2B6; a12] be the one to sleep on the floor, cause one to be such.

plurwaks n floor wax. v [A; b] apply floor wax.

plút n float in a parade. v {1} [A2] ride on a float. Magplút ang rayna nga iparáda, The beauty queen will be paraded around on a float. {2} [A; a12] make s.t. into a float.

plúting n k.o. dance wherein a dancer appears to float. v [A] do this dance.

plúting rít n floating rate of currency. Ang plúting rít mauy nakapamahal sa prisyu sa mga palalítun, The floating rate is the reason prices have gone up. v [B1456] for the floating rate to be in effect.

plúwid n a cigarette lighter fluid. v [A; b] fill with lighter fluid.

prá (from pára) cry to get horses to stop: whoa.

prabir = parabir.

pragáta n frigate with sails. v [A; a12] ride, load s.t. in a frigate.

pragátus = paragátus.

pragmin n frogmen.

prak_1 n formal evening gown for women. v {1} [A1; b6] wear such a frock. {2} [a12] make into a frock of this sort.

prak_2, prák n onomatopoetic sound of exploding firecrackers.

prakásu v [A; a12] fail to carry out an agreement. Makasálig ka nákù kay dì ku muprakásu ug sábut, You can count on me because I do not break agreements.

prakayda = parakayda.

praktikal a practical, simple but useful. Praktikal kaáyu ang sinínang dastir pára sa balay, A duster is a very practical dress to wear in the house. v [c1] do s.t. in a practical way.

praktis v {1} [A; a2] rehearse, train s.o. Akuy mupraktis sa mga bátà ug kanta, I’ll train the children how to sing. {2} practice, rehearse. Magpraktis ta sa átung drama, Let’s practice our drama. {3} [A; b6] practice one’s profession. Mupraktis kug makapasar ku sa bár, I will practice law if I pass the bar. n practice or rehearsal. Lisdan ku magkinatsilà kay wà na kuy praktis, I have a hard time speaking Spanish because I don’t have practice. walay — {1} unskilled (as if lacking practice). {2} rough, accustomed to inflicting pain (derived from the sarcastic usage where s.o. good in fighting refers to himself as walay praktis ‘unpracticed’). Makatilaw ka giyud íning kúmù kung way praktis, If you don’t watch out, I’ll smack you one with my ‘unpracticed’ fists. — titsing n practice teaching. v [A; b(1)] do practice teaching. praktisádu a 1 proficient from having practiced. Praktisádu nà siya sa karáti, He is proficient in karate. {2} brawny due to constant body-building. v [B126] be, become well-practiced or trained in s.t.

prákul = palakul.

prangha v [A1; c] decorate; dress up smartly, esp. with jewels. Dílì musimba nang tigulánga ug dílì makaprangha, The old woman never goes to church without her jewels. Pranghái ang sakyanan sa bag-ung kinasal, Decorate the automobile of the newly-weds.

prangka a frank, saying exactly what one thinks. Prangka pud kaáyu nímu, How very frank of you! v [A; c1] tell s.o. frankly. Ákù siyang giprangkáhan nga wà kuy gustu níya, I told him frankly that I don’t like him.

prangkísa n franchise.

prangkisíya n franchise.

prangkíyu n postage stamp. v [A; b6(1)] put a postage stamp on s.t. Giúlì ang sulat kay wà kaprangkiyúhi, The letter was returned because they didn’t put stamps on it.

prangku_1 n day off. Dílì siya mutrabáhu karun kay prangku man níya, He will not go to work today because it is his day off. v [A2] take a day off from work. Muprangku ku sa trabáhu ugmà kay magpagíkan ku sa ákung anak, I’ll take the day off tomorrow because I’ll see my child off at the airport.

prangku_2 = prangka.

praníla n flannel. v [A; b6] wear, make of flannel.

pransis n an elongated loaf of bread with pointed tips and a cut at the center.

Pransiya n France.

prantáda = plantáda.

prantsit = prunsit.

prásis v [A; a2] process papers or documents. Madúgay pang prasísun ang mga papílis, It will take time to get your papers processed. -ing(→) {1} preparation of s.t. {2} processing of papers.

prasku n tall wine bottle with four sides, holding more than a liter. v [c16] put s.t. into a bottle of this sort.

prawud a {1} proud and arrogant. Prawud kaáyu nà sila ábi sapían man, They are arrogant just because they have money. {2} proud of s.t. Prawud kaáyu ang ginikánan sa balidikturyan, The valedictorian’s parents were mighty proud. v [B12] {1} become proud and arrogant. {2} become proud.

praybasi n privacy from view. Dì ku malígù dinhi kay way praybasi, I won’t take a bath here because there’s no privacy.

praybit n {1} private, not for public use. Praybit dyíp, Private jeep, not used for public transportation. {1a} private, not publicly maintained. — iskul private school. — rud road maintained by the owner. {1b} private, for the exclusive use of s.o. or a group. — nars private nurse. — rum private room in a hospital. {2} private rank in the military. v [B156; c1] be a private enlisted man. Magpraybit lang ku, I’ll content myself with being a private.

prayid rayis n fried rice. v [A; a] make, have fried rice. Prayid raysa ang kan-un, Make fried rice of the food (rice).

prayid tsíkin n fried chicken. v [A; a] make, have fried chicken.

prayli n Spanish priest that is a member of a religious order. v [B156; a12] become a Spanish friar.

praymari see primarya.

pri = pari. see pári.

prí a {1} free to do as one likes. {2} without cost or free. Kining tanan gihátag kanímung prí, All these things are given free to you. Prí ka sa pagkáun, You don’t have to pay for your food. {2} in a game, free to make a shot unhindered. v {1} [A; a1] allow s.o. to do s.t. free. {2} [B1256; b(1)] get a chance to take a shot unhindered.

pribáda, pribádu a private, not for public use or not financed by the government. Dì nà dihà pasudlan kay pribádu, You cannot go in there because it is private. v [B1256; c1] become private.

pribilids {1} = isplǐt_2. {2} — ispits privilege speech allowed to a member of Congress during its session.

pribilihiyu n privilege. v [A12] enjoy a privilege. Tagsa ray táwung makapribilihiyu ug sáma sa átung naangkun karun, It’s rare for a person to get privileges of the sort we are enjoying now.

pribinir v [A; b6(1)] set s.t. aside for a purpose. Nakapribinir ka nag kwarta pára sa ímung pagpanganak? Have you set anything aside for your delivery? Pribinihi kug dagkung púsù pára binhì, Set some big ears of corn aside for me for seedlings. pribinídu n s.t. set aside. Pribinídu ning pagkaúna pára sa kasíra, This food has been set aside for the boarder.

pribyu n a showing of a movie before its normal run. v [A; c6] see a preview showing of a movie. Mga kadagkúan sa punduk sibiku mauy mupribyu niánang salidáha, The heads of civic organizations will preview that movie.

prídi n a k.o. popular dance. v [A] do this dance.

pridikar v [A; c] preach the gospel. Mupridikar ang Murmun bísag lingiwlingíwan, The Mormons preach even if no one listens to them.

pridiktǎr v [A; a2b2] foretell, predict. Íyang hingpridiktahan ang súnug sa wà pa mahitabù, He predicted the fire before it happened.

pridyidir n refrigerator. v {1} [A] use, own a frigidaire. {2} [A; c] put s.t. in a frigidaire. Maprisirbǎr ang pagkáun ug ipridyidir, Food keeps in the frigidaire.

prigunta v [A; ac] ask s.o. a question, inquire. Priguntahun ka gánì, sulti sa tinúud, If they question you, tell the truth. Unsa pay inyung iprigunta? What else will you ask? n question.

príhu = paríhu.

prilansir n free-lancer. v [B156] be a free-lancer.

prílim n preliminary exam in school. v [A1] have a prelim. Magprílim ta karun tápus sa búlan, We will have our prelims at the end of this month.

priliminári n preliminary games or bouts in boxing, prior to the main event.

prilimináris = priliminári (plural).

príma = prímu (female).

primarya n primary grades, from grades one to four. v [A] study on the primary level.