Part 11

amural v [A; a12] {1} speak one’s love to. Giamural níya si Maríya, piru wà sugta, He proposed to Maria, but she turned him down. {2} speak out one’s purpose asking for s.t. Nag-amural kung Tiyù pára sa ákung karsúnis, I am asking my uncle for money to buy a pair of pants.

amur sikrítu n bleeding heart, k.o. ornamental vine with heart-shaped flowers: Clerodendrum thomponae.

amursíku n k.o. crab grass with long towering stems bearing barbed spikelets which adhere to the clothes: Andropogon aciculatus. ka- v [A13] be full of amorseco spikes. Nagkaamursíku ang ákung sinínà, My dress has amorseco all over it.

amurtisasiyun n amortization. v {1} [A1] be amortized. Ang ákung útang nag-amurtisasiyun ug dusyintus matag búlan, The amortization on my debt is two hundred every month. {2} [ac] pay off an amortization. Amurtisasyunan ku ang útang ug katungà, I’ll amortize half of my debt.

amurúsu n delinquency in paying off an obligation. Upat ka búwan ang ákung amurúsu sa bangku, I’m four months delinquent in my payments to the bank. v [B1256] be delinquent in paying off an obligation.

ámut n contribution. Pilay ámut sa salusálù káda usa? How much is each person’s contribution to the party? v [A; c] {1} contribute. Daghan siyag ikaámut sa kauswágan sa násud, He has much to contribute to the development of the country. {2} contribute to increase the intensity or quality. Ang kaígang nakaámut sa íyang kapungut, The heat contributed to making his anger worse. -l-an, -l-an(→) n contribution. Pagkadaghag alamútan (alamutan) sa iskuylahan, makapubri! You can go broke with all the contributions you have to make in school.

amúti = kamúti.

ámuy_1 n {1} icon. {2} the name of God used in speaking to small children. Ayaw pangáway kay masukù ang ámuy, Don’t quarrel because God will get angry.

ámuy_2 n term of address for very old men of respectability. Kanà si Ámuy Militun kapitan sa panahun sa Katsílà, Amoy Meliton was a village head during the Spanish times. v [a12] call s.o. Amoy.

amyun v [BN] emit a sweet fragrance. Miamyun (nangamyun) ang kahumut sa mga búlak, The flowers emitted a sweet fragrance. ka- n sweet smell.

-an_1 local passive verb affix, future. (past gi-an; subjunctive -i. Potential forms: past na-an; future ma-an or, alternatively, ka-an; subjunctive ma-i or, alternatively, ka-i.) Not all verbs occur with this affix, and those that do may occur with only one or two or all of the meanings. {1} [do] for, at, on, in. Palitan ku siyag kík, I will buy him cake (or buy cake from him). Gipalitan ku siya, I bought some for (from) him. Wà ku siya paliti, I didn’t buy any for (from) him. Mapalitan (kapalitan) ku siya, I can buy some for (from) him. Napalitan ku siya, I managed to buy some for (from) him. Wà ku siya mapaliti (kapaliti), I couldn’t buy any for (from) him. {1a} with noun bases: give, provide s.o. [noun]. Sirúhan ka nákù, I will give you a zero. Sapatúsan ku ang bátà, I will put shoes on the child. {2} [do] directly to s.o. or s.t. Hagkan ku ikaw, I will kiss you. Bantayan ninyu ang prísu, Watch the prisoner. {2a} [do] to part of s.t. Kuháan ku ang ímung kík ug gamay, I will take a little of your cake. Kunhúran ku ang prisyu, I will take a little off the price. {3} with verbs from adjectives: consider s.t. as. Lisdan siya sa átung sinultihan, He will find our language difficult. Gipilahan ka lang uruy niánà? Do you consider that a small amount? {4} have [verb] happen to one. Naulanan aku, I was caught in the rain. Labdan ka sa úlu, You will get a headache. (It will happen to you that your head will ache.) {5} [do] because of, due to. Unsay gihilákan mu? What is it you are crying about? Dílì nà ángayng kabalak-an, That is not worth getting worried over. {6} do in [such-and-such a manner]. Usaan nà nákug alsa, I will lift that with one (hand). Datadatáhan ku nag báyad, I will pay for that in installments. {7} work off a debt, pay for by [do]ing. Mahímù nímung trabahúan ang ímung útang nákù, You may work off your debt to me. Buk-an kug lubi kining bugas, I’ll pay for this rice by splitting coconuts.

-an_2 suffix forming verb bases to which the prefixes mag-, tig- and pag- may be added. The verb with these affixes always has stress on the final syllable and means ‘[do] s.t. at a certain place habitually’. Mag-anhian siya dinhig maduminggu, He comes here on Sundays. Siyay tig-anhian dinhi, He comes here often. Sa ímung pag-adtuan didtu, nakailaíla kag usa ka Mang Tiryu? In the times you’ve been going to that place, did you ever meet a certain Mang Terio?

-an_3 noun forming affix. {1} forming nouns which refer to a place where s.t. is found, done, held, located. Humayan, Rice field. Tubaan, Place where toddy is sold. Baskitbulan, Place basketball is played. Habagatan, West (place from which the habágat ‘west wind’ blows). Bairan, Sharpener (thing on which one sharpens). Tindáhan, Store (place one sells). {2} forming nouns which refer to a person possessed of a certain power. Nouns of this sort always have long penults. Tambálan, Folk doctor. Hilútan, Doctor specializing in massage. Barángan, A sorcerer with magic insects at his disposal.

-an_4 adjective forming affix. {1} forming adjectives which mean ‘characterized by being [so-and-so]’. Words of this sort have the stress on the final syllable. Langasan, Of a noisy type. Talawan, Cowardly. Gahian, Of a hard sort. {2} added to nouns to form adjectives which mean ‘having [so-and-so]’. Utúkan, Brainy. Kwartáhan, Moneyed.

-an(→) short for hi-an(→).

-an- infix optionally added to all forms with the prefixes nag-, mag-, pag-, indicating that affixed forms refer to more than one person. Nanagsábut sila, They made (plurally) an agreement. Duha ka managsúun, Two brothers. Ang ílang panagsábut, Their (plural) agreement with each other.

anā̀ {1} expression of surprise. {a} at s.t. pleasant. Anā̀, kanindut sa ímung ariyus, Oh what beautiful earrings you have! {b} at s.t. which causes worry. Anā̀! Nabuak, Oh-Oh! It broke. {2} expression chiding s.o. Anā̀! Nagpabuyag man ka! My! You’re making a nuisance of yourself.

ánà = niánà. see kanà.

anáa short form: náa. {1} be there (near you). Náa ba dihà ang yáwi? Do you have (is there) the key? {1a} be employed at, work at. Náa siya sa Atlas, He works for Atlas. Náa ra siya sa báy, He is always at home. {2} there is. Náay suwat pára nímu, There is a letter for you. {3a} — dat. [dat.] has. Náa kaníya ang yáwi, He has the key. {3b} it depends upon [dat.]. Náa ra nímug muadtu ta, It’s up to you if we should go. {3c} be menstruating. Dílì mudúul ang bána ug náa sa asáwa, A husband cannot have intercourse with his wife when she is menstruating. {4} unsa may — niánà, sa [noun]? what does that, [noun] have to do with it? Unsa ba guy náa sa idad? And what does age have to do with it? pagka- n the state of being there. Ang íyang pagkaanáa sa balay, His presence in the house. paka- v [A13; a12] strive to have s.t. Ímu kung pakaanaáhun bisan wà kuy nahut, You try to get s.t. from me even though I haven’t anything. anaáhun a well-to-do.

ánab (from bána) n husband (slang).

anabu n k.o. shrub or small tree which produces strong bark fiber of commercial importance: Abroma augusta.

anabyung = hinagdung.

ánad v {1} [B23(1); b(1)] take to, become fond of. Pakúgus ang bátà nga nakaánad na nímu, A child that has become fond of you will want you to carry him. {2} [B2S; b8] get accustomed, get in the habit of doing s.t. Muánad (maánad) siyag panghilabut sa ákung butang, He will (might) get used to touching my things. Naandan na níya ang pamakak, She is accustomed to lying. Ang naandan nga paági, The usual way. {2a} [b8] treat s.o. too familiarly. Hiandan ka lang; ábi níla maáyu ka man, They’re just abusing you; they think you’re nice. Naandan ka níya ug kumidiya, He has gotten in the habit of joking with you (when he should not have). (→) a {1} accustomed to, familiar with s.t. Anad kaáyu ku ug byáhi, I am accustomed to travelling. {2} tame. Anad ang langgam, The bird is tame. Kaanad nga batáa bísan kinsa makakúgus níya, That child is not afraid of people. Anybody can hold him. v [B12] become accustomed. Ug maanad ka na ánang trabahúa, dì ka na lisdan, When you get used to the work, you won’t find it hard. anaran a having a special appeal to animals, children, etc. so that they feel immediately at home.

ánag v [A; a12b(1)] broil crops to eat. Anága ang mais nga húmuk, Broil the soft corn. -in- n broiled crop. -un(→) n young corn. Gitanuk níla ang anagun, They broiled the young corn. v [B3] for corn to be at an edible but not yet full-grown stage. Nag-anagun na ang mais. Hápit na ang sanggì, The corn is growing ears. Harvest time is near. anagunan n field of corn with young ears.

anagási = alagási.

anagu, anágu n hazy, unclear image. Ang anágu sa dálan gibantayan pag-áyu sa draybir, The driver paid close attention to the blurred outline of the road. v [B2S] appear hazily. Nag-anagu ang balay sa bungtud tungud sa gábun, The house on the hill was hazy because of the mist.

anahà n k.o. small ant with a light tan color and with a black spot on the body and which takes to sugar. It inflicts a mild bite. v [B125; a4] be infested with anahà ants. Sus, nagkaanahà (gianahà) ang asúkar! Heavens! The sugar is swarming with ants.

anáhaw n k.o. palm with fan-shaped leaves: Livistona rotundifolia. The leaves are used for mats, hats, etc. Potted anáhaw are widely used for ornamental purposes. — lagwis = anáhaw. — mubù ornamental palm similar in appearance to anáhaw: Licuala spinosa.

anak n son, daughter. — sa búhat {1} laborer. {2} accustomed to hard work. Way báli kanà, kay anak man aku sa búhat, I don’t mind that, because I’m used to hard work. {3} poor people. Lisud ang panginabúhì sa mga anak sa búhat, Life for the poor is very difficult nowadays. — sa bunyag godson or daughter at baptism. — sa gawas illegitimate child. — sa húlaw short person (son of the dry, lean times). — sa kágang exclamation of discomfiture: My! Anak sa kágang! Ngánu nga naílad ka man! My heavens! Why did you let them cheat you! — sa sápì child that has been adopted by purchase. v [AN; cN] {1} give birth. Dì na muanak (manganak) nà si Kurdapya kay gúlang na, Cordapia will not have any more children because she’s old. Nag-anak siyag kalúha, She had twins. Ang banig nga gianakan (giangkan, gipanganakan), The mat she gave birth on. Diin ka ianak (ipanganak)? Where were you born? {2} [A12] happen to have for a child. Nakaanak si Pidru ug abilidaran, Pedro had a genius for a son. (←) n in prayers: Son of God. Sa ngálan sa Amahan, sa Ának, sa Ispiritu Santu ..., In the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost ... pa- v {1} [A; a2] assist in childbirth, cause s.t. to be born. Mananabang ang nagpaanak kanákù, A folk-midwife assisted me in childbirth. Paangka siya sa matirniti, Let her have her baby in the clinic. {2} [A; b(1)] make pregnant. Ang mutsatsa gipaangkan sa kutsíru, The rig driver got the maid pregnant. palaangkanan n delivery table. pinaangkan n {1} illegitimate child. {2} one who gave birth out of wedlock. (Cf. paangkan v 1, below.) paN- v {1} = anak, v. 2 [A] sponsor in a baptism. Aku ang nanganak ni Bíbi sa bunyag, I was Baby’s godfather in her baptism. paN-(←) n pebble in game of pungga. pinanganak n godson or daughter. anak-ának n {1} adopted child. Anak-ának ra man nà si Kadyu kay walay bátà ang magtiáyun, Cadio is just an adopted child because the couple is childless. {2} in a child’s game, the pretend child. angkan a having given birth. Yàyà ug láwas ni si Kurdapya mu rag angkan, Cordapia’s body is flabby like a woman that has just given birth. Angkan na siyang dakù pagkaminyù níla, It was well known that she had had a child before they got married. paangkan v [A13] make s.o. pregnant. Kinsa may nagpaangkan sa labandíra? Who made the laundry woman pregnant? pinaangkan n one who gave birth to an illegitimate child. angkánun a for people to be prolific in childbirth. Angkánun (palaának) kaáyu si Maríya. Manganak káda túig, Maria is prolific. She gives birth every year. alangkan n delivery room. hinangkan, hingangkan n hen that has raised a brood. ig-(←) n relative of any sort. v [A12; c1] be related. Naig-ának siya sa mga Blangku kay naasáwa man níya ang anak, He became related to the Blancos because he married the daughter. ig-alának n {1} child in the womb. {2} in a condition about to give birth. Ig-alának na kaáyu ang íyang tiyan, Her stomach looks as though she’s about to give birth. -in- n {1} godson, daughter in any ceremony. Inanak ku siya sa kasal, He is my godson because I sponsored his wedding. {2} child born. Bag-ung inanak, Newly born child. mag-alának, taliának, umaának n about to give birth. -un(←) {1} = inanak. {2} = pag-umangkun. pala-(←) a {1} for people or animals to be prolific in childbirth. Palaának ang ákung anay, My pig is very prolific. {2} prolific in output. see also pag-umangkun, mantiának, taguangkan.†

anam v {1} [A; c1] take care of s.t. as fast or before the next comes around. Anamun (ianam) ku nig hákut sa táas, I will take these upstairs as fast as they arrive. {2} [A23] become gradually. Samtang sila nag-ínum, nag-anam kapula ang íyang nawung, As they were drinking, his face gradually got redder and redder. pa- [A] waste time. Dì ku paanam sa úras, I won’t waste time.

-anan_1 affix added to verbs to form nouns which have meanings analogous to the meanings of the local passive verbs. Cf. -an_1. {1} place or person for whom s.t. is done. Palitánan sa bugas, Place one buys rice. Lingkuránan, Seat. Hatagánan sa limus, Persons to whom the alms are given. {2} thing to which s.t. is to be done. Labhanan, Wash to be done. Handumánan, Keepsake (thing which one thinks back on).

-anan_2(→) alternant of -an_2 used with roots that have a short penultimate vowel that is dropped on suffixation. Maghagkanan sa tiil sa birhin, They kiss the feet of the Virgin.

an-an n k.o. small tree of thickets: Buchanania arborescens.

ananaklaw (from saklaw) n k.o. tiny house spider that jumps on its prey.

ananakyud (from sakyud) n k.o. bird of the seashore that moves its buttocks up and down.

ananamsi n k.o. small timber tree.

anananggal n k.o. unglù who, when under his supernatural spell, detaches the portion of his body above the waist from the lower portion and flies away with trailing intestines in search of his prey, leaving the lower portion. This detachment occurs only at night, and the anananggal dies if the sun strikes any portion of the separated body. He can also be killed by putting salt on the lower portion. see also tanggal.

ananangkil (from sangkil) n k.o. small hawk with black and brown speckles on a light brown and white background.

anapug n {1} k.o. soft shale. {2} soft coral rock. -an n place where there is shale or coral rock. -un a full of shale, coral rock.

ánas v [B; c1] landslide. Muánas (maánas) gánì kanang búkid, malubung giyud mung búhì, If there is a landslide on that mountain, you’ll be buried alive. Kun mukusug ang ulan, iánas kanang ímung baul, If it rains hard, your field will be washed down.

ánaw_1 v [A; a12] determine truth by careful deliberation. Anáwa ang tahù úsà ipublikar, Verify the report before publishing it.

ánaw_2 n area of the surface of the sea which has a different texture from the surrounding area, usually visible when the sea is calm.

anawnsir n {1} announcer. {2} dispatcher of buses and jeeps (slang). v [A13; a12] be, make into an announcer.

anay_1 (from ina) n {1} sow. {2} woman that is a mother. Dílì ka ángay nga mag-istiwardis kay anay ka na, You are not fit to be a stewardess because you are a mother now. -un, -un(←) n pig raised to bear a litter. v [A; a12] raise to be a sow. Anayúnun ni nátung baktin, Let’s use this piglet for a sow. -l-un(←), -unun(←) a for a woman that is nursing to be thin like a sow that has been nursing her litter.

anay_2 (from ina) exclamation uttered in fear. Anay! Náay íhu! Help! Sharks!

ánay_1 n termite. v [a4b4] be infested with termites. Gianáyan (giánay) ang balay, The house was infested with termites.

ánay_2 = únà (dialectal). paN- n {1} first born. Mu ni si Bingbing ámung pangánay, This is Bingbing, our eldest child. {2} one who bears a child for the first time. Pangánay ka ra ba ayaw paghárig katúlug, This is your first time to bear a child. Don’t sleep too much.

-anay alternant of -ay_1.

anay-anay n k.o. small fish of shallow water belonging to the family Blennidae.

anda_1 give me. Anda ug súpas bi kay gigútum ku, Give me some cookies because I’m hungry.

anda_2 be gone! leave! (Biblical usage). Anda, Samuel sa paglakat, Be gone, Samuel. Be on your way.

andadur n walker on rollers for a baby to learn to walk on. v [A1; a12] obtain, make into, use a walker. Makalakaw na siya apan mag-andadur, He can walk, but only with a walker.

*andak paN- v [A] boast that one can do s.t. Nagpangandak siya nga musúkul siya nímu bísan anus-a, He was boasting that he would stand up to you any time. n boasting that one can do s.t. -an(→) a boastful about things one can do. v [B12] get to be boastful. Nagkaandakan siya samtang nagkasuhitu sa pag-áyu sa makina, He got so he claimed he could do more and more as he grew better at fixing engines. mapaN-un, maN-un a over-confident. Mapangandákung tingúhà, Over-ambitious in one’s aims.

andam a prepared. Andam ka na sa pagtubag? Are you prepared to answer? Andam na ang tanan, Everything is ready. v [A; c1] prepare s.t. Kinsay muandam sa pagkáun? Who will prepare the food? Mag-andam ka sa kamatáyun, Prepare for death. n preparation for a banquet. Dílì dakù ang andam níla sa kumbira, They did not make big preparations for the banquet. paN- v [A] {1} prepare. {2} get ready for, be on guard. Pangandam sa banhig, Be ready for an attack. n preparation. mapaN-un a watchful.

andamyu n gangplank. v [A1; a] make into, put a gangplank to s.t.

andána n {1} storey. {2} deck of a multi-decked ship. v [b6] construct a house in storeys.

andar v {1} [A] for s.t. mechanical to run. Dílì muandar ang awtu, The car won’t start. {2} [A2] for a peculiar trait to show itself. Miandar na pug íyang pagkahinugsū́g, His fondness for teasing is making its appearance again. {3} [A2; b2] make trouble. Giandaran níya ang tindíra, He made trouble for the salesgirl. n the way an engine runs. Maáyu ug andar ang ákung makina, My machine runs well. hiN- a fond of making trouble.

andarul n {1} k.o. chair for an infant suspended from a springpole or from springs in which the baby can bounce around. {2} = andadur.

andas n a stretcher-like contraption used to carry a corpse. v [A12] make into, carry in a stretcher-like contraption. Andásun níla ang minatay, They will carry the body in a stretcher.

*andaw tuli — circumcised naturally from birth, born with the glans penis exposed.

andáyag n medicine of snake feces, herbs, bark for stomach complaints.

andáyun = undayun.

anding n title for an older female to whom one is related.

andir a {1} short for andir dibúnal, bakyà, sáya be dominated, subjugated to one’s wife. {2} subordinate to. Andir ku ni Kapitan Santus, Captain Santos is my superior. {3} be a student of. Andir ku ni Lúpis sa mat, I studied math with Lopez. {4} under the net in tennis, volleyball, etc. v {1} [A; a12] dominate. Dì giyud ku maandir, I will not be henpecked. {2} [B1256] get to be under s.o., student of s.o. {3} [B1256] for the ball to be under the net. {4} in phrases: — dibakyà, búnal, sáya = andir, 1. — ditíbul n s.t. given under the table. Ug way andir ditíbul dì mulusut ang ímung papílis, Your papers won’t get through without s.t. given under the table. v [A; c1] bribe. — grawun n underground place, cellar. Dúnay andir grawun ámung balay, Our house has a cellar. — gul n {1} the area directly beneath the goal in basketball. {2} being directly beneath the basket. Ayawg syát ug way andir gul, Don’t shoot if there is no one in the area under the basket. {3} a shot from directly beneath the basket. v {1} [A] man the area beneath the basket. {2} [A; c6] make a shot from directly beneath the basket. Inigpása nákù nímu iandir gul dáyun, When I pass you the ball, shoot from directly beneath the basket. — ids underage. v [B1256] be underage. — kúbir n undercover agent. v [B156] be an undercover agent. — pas n underpass. — tayim undertime in job. v [B6; b] do undertime.†

andu, andù_1 v {1} [A1; a12] expect to realize s.t. out of s.t. Mag-andu kag hángin ánang pangitáa, You will get exactly nothing from that sort of livelihood. Unsay maandu mu ánang pagpúnay ug katúlug? What do you expect to get out of sleeping all the time? {2} [A; a] sum up, make an account of. Nag-andu siya sa mga butang nga wà gánì níya mahímu, She is counting up things for credit to get credit for them, when she hasn’t even done them. Ayaw kug paningli, kay ug andúhun nátù ag ákung nagastu nímu, dì ka kabayad, Do not try to collect what I owe you, because if we sum up all that I spent on you, you could never pay. {3} [A; b4(1)] lay open one’s cards. Kun makaandu na ka, dì ka na makapunù, When you have already laid your cards on the table, you cannot add any more cards. {3a} pag- (inig-) pa but actually, when it came (comes) to the test (when the cards were laid on the table). Sígi siyang hangyù. Pag-andù pa, dì diay gustu, He kept begging, but when I finally agreed to it, he didn’t want to. Padatùdátù siya. Pag-andù pa, pubri kaáyu, He pretended to be rich. But when it came to the test, he turned out to be poor. n way — not certain. Wà pay andu ug maghíkay ba mi sa pyista, We’re undecided as yet whether to prepare for the fiesta. andúhay n confrontation. v [C] have a confrontation. Mag-andúhay ta arun mahúsay ang tanan, Let’s have it out to settle everything. anduhúnun n matter to be decided. Anduhúnun pa ning ákung pagpaiskuyla nímug midisína, I’m not sure whether we will send you to medical school.

andù_2 n k.o. tall wild tuber the corm of which is eaten in times of famine: Amorphophallus campanulatus.

andù_3 = angdù.

andúhaw = agumáa.

andúhay see andu.

ang short form: ng {1} subject marker. Nawálà ang libru, The book is lost. {2} marker for definite predicate. Ang íyang libru mauy nawálà, It was his book that was lost. {3} following a form meaning including, together with. Sitinta ang ábang, apil ang túbig, The rent is seventy pesos including the water. {4} preceding forms referring to quantity or measurement: each. Ang ábang, sitinta ang búlan, The rent is seventy a month.

ánga_1 n the fry of some kinds of goby.

ánga_2 = ángal.

angáang = alangáang.

ángal v [B; b3] find s.t. to complain about. Unsa may angálan nímu sa trabáhu ug sayun man gáling? What is there to complain about when the job is so easy? -an a given to complaints.†

angalaskálas n k.o. green crab with splotches of dirty yellow between, 2½″–3″ in diameter, commonly found on wharves.

angan-ángan v [A; b5c1] delay awhile. Muangan-ángan ku ug pila ka minútu, I will wait for a few minutes more. Angan-angána (angan-angáni, iangan-ángan) ang ímung paglarga, Put off your departure.

ang-ang n {1} steps of stairs, ladder. {2} grade or year of a course. Náa pa siya sa ikaduhang ang-ang sa abugasíya, He is still in the second year of his law course. v [A3; a1] put steps into, make into steps. Ang-ángan lang nímug tulu ang hagdan, Just put three steps in the stairs. -an(→) n = ang-ang.

angat_1 n teeth marks. Angat sa pinaakan sa hálas, Teeth marks of a snake.

*angat_2 — sa as [such-and-such] approaches. Ínit ang kampanya angat sa iliksyun, The campaign went into high gear as elections approached. v [B145] for an event to approach. Nag-angat na ang pista, Fiesta time is approaching.

ángat v [A; ac] go, bring up a hill or place in the hills. Angátun sa mga turista ang bulkan sa Mayun, The tourists are going to climb Mount Mayon. Iángat ni nátù sa bū́d, We will bring this up the hill. paN- n tool for mountain-climbing. angatun a steep to climb.