Part 23

=Floy, James.= _N. Y._, 1806-1863. A Methodist clergyman of New York city, prominent as a botanist and as an anti-slavery leader. Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden; Occasional Sermons, etc.; Literary Remains (1870).

=Folger, Peter.= _E._, 1617-1690. Grandfather of Benjamin Franklin. An emigrant from Norwich, England, in 1635. He settled successively at Watertown, Martha’s Vineyard, and in 1663 at Nantucket. He is remembered as the author of A Looking-Glass for the Times, a spirited doggerel ballad without literary merit, but a very manly appeal for religious toleration. _See Tyler’s American Literature._

=Follen, Charles Theodore Christian.= _G._, 1796-1840. A German scholar who came to America in 1824. He was German instructor at Harvard University, 1830-34, but lost his position on account of his anti-slavery opinions, and in 1836 was ordained as a Unitarian clergyman. He published a German Reader; Practical German Grammar. _See Works in five volumes, with Memoir, edited by Mrs. Follen._

=Follen, Mrs. Eliza Lee [Cabot].= _Ms._, 1787-1859. Wife of C. Follen, _supra_. A popular author for many years. Sketches of Married Life; Twilight Stories, a volume of excellent juvenile tales; The Well-spent Hour; The Skeptic; Poems; To Mothers in the Free States; Anti-Slavery Hymns and Songs; Home Dramas; Little Songs for Little People; The Old Garret Stories. _Le._

=Folsom, Charles Follen.= _Ms._, 1842- ----. A physician of Boston, professor in the Harvard Medical School, 1877-1885. Mental Diseases; Present Aspect of the Sewage Question Applied to Boston (1877).

=Folsom, George.= _Me._, 1802-1869. An antiquarian writer of New York city. Sketches of Saco and Biddeford; Dutch Annals of New York; Letters and Dispatches of Cortés, translated from the Spanish; Political Condition of Mexico.

=Folwell, William Watts.= _N. Y._, 1833- ----. An educator of Minnesota. Public Instruction in Minnesota; Lectures on Political Economy.

=Fontaine, Edward.= _Va._, 1814-1884. An Episcopal clergyman of Mississippi. How the World was Peopled, a series of ethnological lectures.

=Fontaine, Francis.= 18--. The Exile; Etowah, a Romance of the Confederacy.

=Foote, Andrew Hull.= _Ct._, 1806-1863. A rear-admiral of the United States navy. Africa and the American Flag (1854). _See Life by J. M. Hoppin, infra._

=Foote, Henry Stuart.= _Va._, 1800-1880. A prominent Mississippi politician. He was governor of his State, 1853-54, and, though opposed to secession, a member of the Confederate Congress, where he was noted for his strong opposition to Jefferson Davis. Texas and the Texans; The War of the Rebellion, or Scylla and Charybdis; Bench and Bar of the South and Southwest; Personal Reminiscences.

=Foote, Henry Wilder.= _Ms._, 1838-1889. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, minister of King’s Chapel from 1861 till his death. Annals of King’s Chapel; Thy Kingdom Come, ten sermons on the Lord’s Prayer; The Insight of Faith. _El. Rob._

=Foote, Mrs. Mary Anna [Hallock].= _N. Y._, 1847- ----. A novelist and illustrator whose married life has been passed chiefly in the Rocky Mountain country, where the scene of much of her work is laid. The Led Horse Claim, a Romance of a Mining Camp; In Exile, and Other Stories; John Bodewin’s Testimony; The Chosen Valley; Cœur d’Alene; The Last Assembly Ball; The Cup of Trembling, and Other Stories. _Hou._

=Foote, William Henry.= _Ct._, 1794-1869. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator of West Virginia. Sketches of North Carolina; Sketches of the Presbyterian Church in Virginia; The Huguenots, or Reformed French Church; Sketches of Virginia.

=Forbes, Mrs. Harriette [Merrifield].= _Ms._, 1856- ----. A writer of Westborough, Massachusetts. The Hundredth Town, a series of historical sketches of Westborough; The Diary of Rev. Ebenezer Parkman.

=Forbes, Robert Bennet.= _Ms._, 1804-1889. A sea captain who was subsequently a Boston merchant. China and the China Trade (1844); Construction of Ships for the Merchant Service; Life Boats, Projectiles, and Other Means for Saving Life; Seamen Past and Present; Rambling Reminiscences; Notes on Some Few Wrecks and Rescues.

=Forbes, Stephen Alfred.= _Il._, 1844- ----. A professor of zoölogy in the University of Illinois and State entomologist. Studies of the Food of Birds, Fishes, and Insects; Contagious Diseases of Insects.

=Force, Manning Ferguson.= _O._, 1824-1899. Son of P. Force, _infra_. A brigadier-general in the Federal army during the Civil War, and subsequently a prominent jurist of Cincinnati. From Fort Henry to Corinth; Marching Across Carolina; The Mound Builders; Prehistoric Man; Recollections of the Vicksburg Campaign, include the most of his writings. _Clke. Scr._

=Force, Peter.= _N. J._, 1790-1868. A journalist and historian of Washington who began in 1833 a documentary history of the American colonies. Thirty years’ labour was spent upon the task, and nine volumes completed, entitled American Archives. His other works include Tracts and Other Papers relating to the Origin of the North American Colonies; Grinnell Land. His immense and valuable library was purchased by Congress in 1867.

=Force, William Quereau.= _D. C._, 1820-1880. Son of P. Force, _supra_. A meteorologist of Washington who assisted his father in preparing American Archives, and published Builder’s Guide; The Picture of Washington.

=Ford, Corydon La.= _N. Y._, 1813- ----. A physician of note who has held several medical professorships, and since 1886 has been professor emeritus in the Long Island College hospital. Questions on Anatomy, etc.; Questions on the Structure and Development of the Human Teeth; Syllabus of Lectures on Odontology, Human and Comparative.

=Ford, Mrs. Emily Ellsworth [Fowler].= _Ms._, 1826-1893. Daughter of W. C. Fowler, _infra_, and granddaughter of Noah Webster. A Brooklyn writer who has published My Recollections, a volume of verse.

=Ford, James Lauren.= _Mo._, 1854- ----. A journalist and littérateur of New York city. Dr. Dodd’s School; The Third Alarm, are tales for juvenile readers. Other works of his are Hypnotic Tales; The Literary Shop; Bohemia Invaded; Dolly Dillenbeck. _Ric. Sto._

=Ford, Paul Leicester.= _L. I._, 1865-1902. Son of Mrs. Emily Ford, _supra_. Bibliotheca Hamiltonia; Franklin Bibliography; The Honorable Peter Stirling; The True George Washington; The Story of an Untold Love; Janice Meredith. _Do. Ho. Hou. Lip._

=Ford, Mrs. Sallie [Rochester].= _Ky._, 1828- ----. Wife of S. H. Ford, _infra_. A St. Louis writer whose early writings were very popular, Grace Truman, her first book, having an extensive sale. Other works of hers are, Romance of Freemasonry; Raids and Romance of Morgan and his Men; Mary Bunyan, the Dreamer’s Blind Daughter; Evangel Wiseman; Ernest Quest.

=Ford, Samuel Howard.= _Mo._, 1819- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Memphis, Mobile, and elsewhere, living in retirement in St. Louis since 1887. The Origin of the Baptists; Servetus, Hero and Martyr.

=Ford, Thomas.= _Pa._, 1800-1850. An Illinois jurist who was governor of his State, 1842-46. History of Illinois from 1818 to 1847.

=Ford, William Henry.= _Pa._, 1839-1897. A Philadelphia surgeon twice president of the municipal board of health. He has published Healthy Dwelling-Houses and How to Build Them.

=Ford, Worthington Chauncey.= _L. I._, 1858- ----. Son of Mrs. Emily Ford, _supra_. A government statistician at Washington. American Citizens’ Manual; The Standard Silver Dollar.

=Forester, Frank.= _See Herbert, W. H._

=Forestier, Auber.= _See Moore, Mrs. Annie._

=Forney, John Weiss.= _Pa._, 1817-1881. A journalist of Philadelphia and Washington, of prominence as a politician, and secretary of the United States Senate, 1861-68. Life of General Hancock; Anecdotes of Public Men; The New Nobility, a story of England and America; What I Saw in Texas; A Centennial Commissioner in Europe; Letters from Europe; Forty Years of American Journalism. _Ap. Har. Lip._

=Forrester, Fanny.= _See Judson, Mrs._

=Forrester, Francis.= _See Wise, Daniel._

=Forry, Samuel.= _Pa._, 1811-1844. A physician and surgeon of New York city. The Climate of the United States and its Endemic Influences; Meteorology.

=Fort, George Franklin.= _N. J._, 1809-1872. A governor of New Jersey, 1850-1854. Early History and Antiquities of Freemasonry.

=Fortier, Alcée.= _La._, 1856- ----. An educator of Louisiana, professor of Romance languages in Tulane University. Le Château de Chambord; Gabriel d’Ennerich, an historical novelette; Bits of Louisiana Folk-Lore; Sept Grands Auteurs de xix^e Siècle; Histoire de la Littérature Française; Louisiana Studies; Louisiana Folk Tales. He has also annotated college editions of several French texts. _He. Ho. Hou._

=Forwood, William Stump.= _Md._, 1830-1892. A physician of Darlington, Maryland. History and Descriptive Account of Mammoth Cave, with Full Scientific Details of the Eyeless Fishes.

=Fosdick, Charles Austin.= “Harry Castlemon.” _N. Y._, 1842- ----. A voluminous author of juvenile books, among which The Gunboat Series; Rocky Mountain Series; Roughing It Series; The Steel Horse, or the Rambles of a Bicycle, are but a few of the whole number. _Co._

=Fosdick, William Whiteman.= _O._, 1825-1862. A lawyer of Cincinnati, who published Malmiztic the Toltec, a novel; Ariel and Other Poems.

=Foss, Samuel Walter.= _N. H._, 1858- ----. A writer of popular dialect and other poems, whose home is in Somerville, Massachusetts. Back Country Poems; Whiffs from Wild Meadows (verse). _Le._

=Foster, Charles Hubbs.= _N. Y._, 1833-1895. An actor and playwright of New York city, who wrote more than seventy-five plays, mostly melodramas, among which are, Twins of London; Twenty Years Dead; The Chain Gang.

=Foster, Mrs. Hannah [Webster].= _Ms._, 1759-1840. A writer who was the wife of John Foster, minister at Brighton, Massachusetts, 1784-1827, and after his death a resident of Montreal. She was the daughter of Grant Webster, a merchant of Boston, and was probably born in that city. She wrote The Boarding School; Letters of a Preceptress; but is remembered chiefly for having been the author of the once famous story, The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, which was largely based upon fact, and passed through more than thirty editions.

=Foster, John Wells.= _Ms._, 1815-1873. A geologist employed by the United States in a geological survey of the Lake Superior region, and subsequently a resident of Chicago. The Mississippi Valley; Mineral Wealth and Railroad Development; Prehistoric Races of the United States; Geology and Topography of the Lake Superior Land District (with J. D. Whitney, _infra_). _Sc._

=Foster, Mrs. Judith Ellen [Horton].= _Ms._, 1840- ----. A lawyer and prominent temperance advocate of Iowa. The Crime Against Ireland; Amendment Manual (Prohibition); The American Renaissance; Republican Contentions and Supreme Court Decisions.

=Foster, Randolph Sinks.= _O._, 1820-1903. A Methodist bishop of much prominence in his denomination. Objections to Calvinism; Christian Purity; Ministry Needed for the Times; Theism; Beyond the Grave; Centenary Thoughts; Studies in Theology. _Meth._

=Foster, Robert Verrell.= _Tn._, 1845- ----. A Cumberland Presbyterian clergyman and educator, professor of Hebrew in the Theological Seminary at Lebanon, Tennessee, since 1877. Introduction to the Study of Theology; Old Testament Studies; Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans.

=Foster, Stephen Collins.= _Pa._, 1826-1864. A famous song-writer and composer of Pittsburg and New York city. He set to music 150 or more songs, the words in nearly all cases being his own. Some of them, like the Suwanee River, My Old Kentucky Home, Nelly Bly, are known in all English-speaking lands. _See Atlantic Monthly, November, 1867._

=Foster, Stephen Symonds.= _N. H._, 1809-1881. A noted anti-slavery agitator of Worcester, Massachusetts. He married in 1845 Abby Kelly, also noted as an abolitionist. The Brotherhood of Thieves, a True Picture of the American Church and Clergy.

=Foster, Mrs. Theodosia Maria [Toll].= “Faye Huntington.” _N. Y._, 1838- ----. An educator of Verona, New York, who has written much for young people. In Earnest; What Fide Remembers; A Baker’s Dozen; A Modern Exodus, are among her works. _Lo._

=Foster, William Eaton.= _Vt._, 1851- ----. A librarian of Providence. The Civil Service Reform Movement; The Literature of Civil Service Reform in the United States; Stephen Hopkins, a Rhode Island Statesman; Town Government in Rhode Island.

=Fowler, Henry.= _Ms._, 1824-1872. A Presbyterian clergyman of Auburn, New York. The American Pulpit, a collection of sketches of American preachers.

=Fowler, Lorenzo Niles.= _N. Y._, 1811-1896. A lecturer, editor, and publisher of New York city who settled in London in 1863, and lectured frequently in England from that period. Marriage, its History and Ceremonies; Lectures on Man.

=Fowler, Mrs. Lydia [Folger].= _Ms._, 1823-1879. Wife of L. N. Fowler, _supra_. A practicing physician for some years. Nora, the Lost and Redeemed; The Pet of the Household and How to Save It; Familiar Lessons on Phrenology and Physiology; Familiar Lessons on Astronomy.

=Fowler, Orin.= _Ct._, 1791-1852. A Congregational clergyman of Fall River, noted as a temperance and anti-slavery orator, who was a member of Congress, 1848-52. Treatise on Baptism; Historical Sketch of Fall River.

=Fowler, Orson Squire.= _N. Y._, 1809-1887. Brother of L. N. Fowler, _supra_, and with him a member of the New York publishing house of Fowler & Wells, 1844-63. He was an ardent phrenologist, and wrote much on his favourite topic. Memory and Intellectual Improvement; Physiology, Animal and Mental; Matrimony; Self-Culture; Hereditary Descent; Love and Parentage; Sexual Science; Amativeness; Human Science; Creative Science; The Self-Instructor in Phrenology (with L. N. Fowler).

=Fowler, Philemon Halstead.= _N. Y._, 1814-1879. A Presbyterian clergyman of Utica. History of Presbyterianism in central New York; The Presbyterian Element in our National Life and History.

=Fowler, William Chauncey.= _Ct._, 1793-1881. A Congregational clergyman and educator of New England, who married a daughter of Noah Webster, _infra_. Memorials of the Chaunceys; The Sectional Controversy, or Passages in United States Political History; History of Durham, Connecticut; Local Law in Massachusetts and Connecticut; Essays; English Grammar; The English Language in its Elements and Forms. _Har._

=Fowler, William Worthington.= _Vt._, 1833-1881. Son of W. C. Fowler, _supra_. He was successively a lawyer, broker, and journalist of New York city. Ten Years in Wall Street; Fighting Fire, the Great Fires of History (1873); Woman on the American Frontier; Twenty Years of Inside Life in Wall Street.

=Fox, Ebenezer.= _Ms._, 1763-1843. A Bostonian who was postmaster of his city 1830-36, and the author of The Revolutionary Adventures of Ebenezer Fox (1848).

=Fox, John [William].= _Ky._, 186- ----. A Cumberland Vendetta. _Har._

=Fox, Norman.= _N. Y._, 1836- ----. A Baptist minister of New York and Missouri. George Fox and the Early Friends; Rise of the Use of Pouring and Sprinkling for Baptism; A Layman’s Ministry; Inspiration of the Apostles in Speaking and Writing.

=Foxton, E.= _See Palfrey, Sarah._

=Foye, James Clark.= _N. H._, 1841-1896. An educator who was a professor of chemistry at Lawrence University from 1867. Chemical Problems; Handbook of Mineralogy; Tables for Determination of United States Minerals.

=France, Lewis Browne.= _D. C._, 1833- ----. A lawyer and littérateur of Denver. Over the Old Trail; Pine Valley, a volume of short stories; Mountain Trails and Parks in Colorado. _Cr._

=Francis, Convers.= _Ms._, 1795-1863. Brother of Mrs. Lydia Child, _supra_. A Unitarian clergyman of Watertown, Massachusetts, and subsequently Parkman professor of pulpit eloquence at Harvard University, 1843-63. Life of John Eliot (_supra_); Historical Sketch of Watertown; Errors of Education, include his principal writings.

=Francis, James Bicheno.= _E._, 1815-1892. A noted hydraulic engineer of Lowell. Lowell Hydraulic Experiments; The Strength of Cast Iron Columns.

=Francis, John Wakefield.= _N. Y._, 1789-1861. A physician of much prominence at one time in medical and literary circles of New York city. Use of Mercury; Cases of Morbid Anatomy; Febrile Contagion; The Anatomy of Drunkenness; Old New York, a volume of pleasant reminiscences, comprise his principal writings. _See Life by Tuckerman._

=Francis, Samuel Ward.= _N. Y._, 1835-1886. Son of J. W. Francis, _supra_. A physician of New York city and subsequently of Newport, Rhode Island. Mott’s Clinics; Water; Inside and Out; Biographical Sketches of New York Surgeons and Physicians; Life and Death; Curious Facts Concerning Man and Nature.

=Francis, Valentine Mott.= _N. Y._, 1834. Son of J. W. Francis, _supra_. A physician of Newport who has published Hospital Hygiene.

=Francke, Kuno.= _Sg._, 1855- ----. A professor in Harvard University. Social Forces in German Literature: a Study in the History of Civilization. _Ho._

=Franklin, Benjamin.= _Ms._, 1706-1790. A celebrated philosopher, statesman, and scientist who was born in Boston but went to Philadelphia in 1723, where he worked as a journeyman printer. In 1729 he became the proprietor of The Pennsylvania Gazette, and after that date his rise in life was rapid. He established the Philadelphia Library in 1731, the American Philosophical Society in 1744, and was one of the founders in 1749 of the institution which in 1753 became the University of Pennsylvania. In 1753 he was appointed, jointly with William Hunter, postmaster-general of the colonies. He was twice sent to London as colonial agent for Pennsylvania, and in 1770 was appointed agent for Massachusetts in England. In 1776 he helped draft the Declaration of Independence. During the next nine years he was first commissioner, then minister, to France; and was also a member of the commission which negotiated the treaty of peace with England. He was the discoverer of the identity of lightning with electricity, and the inventor of the lightning-rod. As a writer his influence has been felt throughout the world, his works including essays on politics, religion, commerce, science, and philosophy. The Busybody is a series of papers of the type of those in The Spectator, but furnishing much more lively reading. Poor Richard’s Almanac, published 1732-57, was everywhere popular, and had a great influence over the mass of readers. The work by which he is best known, however, is his famous Autobiography, which has been one of the most widely read books ever printed. His Complete Works in ten volumes have been edited by J. Bigelow, _supra_. _See Edinburgh Review, July, 1806, and August, 1817; Contemporary Review, July, 1879; Harper’s Magazine, July, 1880; Godey’s Magazine, 1896; Appleton’s American Biography; Parker’s Historic Americans; Hale’s Franklin in France; Lives by Parton, McMaster, H. Mayhew, Morse; Mignet’s Vie de Franklin, 1873; Wetzel’s Franklin as an Economist._ _Put._

=Franklin, Benjamin.= _R. I._, 1819-1898. An Episcopal clergyman of Shrewsbury, New Jersey. The Creed and Modern Thought; The Church and the Era.

=Franklin, Thomas Levering.= _Pa._, 1820-1899. An Episcopal clergyman of western New York, and more recently of Philadelphia. His writings include an important work on The Creed, and several tractates on Divorce.

=Frazer, Persifor.= _Pa._, 1844- ----. A distinguished geologist attached to the State geological survey of Pennsylvania who has published Tables for the Determination of Minerals; The Geology of Lancaster County. _Lip._

=Frederic, Harold.= _N. Y._, 1856-1898. A novelist and journalist who served as the London correspondent of the New York Times from 1884. The scenes of several of his novels are placed in small American communities. Marsena, and Other Stories; The Copperhead; The Lawton Girl; In the Valley; Seth’s Brother’s Wife; The Damnation of Theron Ware; March Hares. _Ap. Scr. St._

=Fredet, Peter.= _F._, 1801-1856. A Roman Catholic priest who came from France to America in 1831, and was professor in St. Mary’s Seminary at Baltimore from that date until his death. Ancient History; Modern History; Original Texts and Translations of the Bible; Treatise on the Eucharistic Mystery; Lay Baptism; Inspiration and Canon of Scripture; Interpretation of Scripture; Doctrine of Exclusive Salvation; Necessity of Baptism; Effect of Baptism.

=Freedley, Edwin Troxell.= _Pa._, 1827- ----. A Philadelphia writer and compiler of books of useful information, but of small literary value. The Business Man’s Legal Adviser; Leading Pursuits of Leading Men; Philadelphia and its Manufactures; Opportunities for Industry; History of American Manufactures; Common Sense in Business; Home Comforts. _Lip._

=Freeman, Barnardus.= _G._, 1660-1743. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Long Island who came to America in 1700 and was especially noted for his influence over the Indians. De Spizel der Self Kennis (Mirror of Self-Knowledge); De Weegshale der Gerade Gods (Balance of God’s Grace).

=Freeman, Frederick.= _Ms._, 1800-1883. An Episcopal clergyman and educator who was a Presbyterian minister in the earlier portion of his career. History of Cape Cod; Annals of Barnstable County; Freeman Genealogy; Civilization and Barbarism illustrated by Especial Reference to Metacomet and the Extinction of his Race.

=Freeman, James.= _Ms._, 1759-1835. The first clergyman in the United States to bear the name Unitarian. While a lay reader at King’s Chapel in Boston, in 1782, he became a Unitarian in his views, and was ordained in 1787 minister of that church, the members of which adopted Mr. Freeman’s theology as their own, and he continued in that office until his death. The oldest Episcopal church in New England thus became the first Unitarian church in America. Mr. Freeman’s Sermons and Charges were published in 1832.

=Freeman, James Midwinter.= “Robert Ranger.” _N. Y._, 1827-1900. A Methodist clergyman of New York city who published many books for children under the pseudonym “Robert Ranger.” Other works of his include Illustration in Sunday-School Teaching; Handbook of Bible Manners and Customs; Short History of the English Bible; Book of Books. _Meth._

=Freeman, Samuel.= _Me._, 1743-1831. A jurist of Portland, Maine. The Massachusetts Justice; Probate Directory; The Town Officer. _See Bibliography of Maine._

=Frémont, Mrs. Jessie [Benton].= _Va._, 1824-1902. Wife of J. C. Frémont, _infra_, and daughter of T. H. Benton, _supra_. A resident of Los Angeles. The Story of the Guard, a Chronicle of the War; A Year of American Travel; Souvenirs of My Time; Sketch of Senator Benton; Far West Sketches; Will and the Way Stories. _Lo._

=Frémont, John Charles.= _Ga._, 1813-1890. A famous soldier and politician who in 1856 was the first Republican candidate for the presidency, and served during the Civil War as a major-general in the Federal army. Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and Northern California in 1843-44; Frémont’s Explorations; Memoirs of My Life. _See Appleton’s American Biography; Lives by J. Bigelow, supra, C. Upham._

=French, Alice.= “Octave Thanet.” _Ms._, 1850- ----. A writer of novels and short stories whose home has been in Davenport, Iowa, and also in Arkansas. Knitters in the Sun; Otto the Knight, and other Trans-Mississippi Stories; Stories of a Western Town; An Adventure in Photography; Expiation. _Hou. Scr._

=French, Benjamin Franklin.= _Va._, 1799-1877. A writer of New Orleans and subsequently of New York city. Biographia Americana; Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers; Historical Collections of Louisiana; History of the Iron Trade in the United States; Historical Annals of North America.