Part 21

=Emerson, Ralph Waldo.= _Ms._, 1803-1882. The most distinguished of American essayists, and by some critics ranked as the foremost American poet when the substance of his poetry is considered apart from its form. He was ordained in 1829 as a Unitarian minister in Boston, but retired from the profession in 1833, and the next year settled in Concord, Massachusetts, where the remainder of his life was spent. He succeeded Margaret Fuller as editor of The Dial, and was the most prominent figure among the Transcendentalists. As a lecturer he was frequently before the public, and in his writings faced a world-wide public as a philosophical thinker. His first volume of Poems appeared in 1847, followed in 1867 by May-Day and Other Pieces. His prose writings are comprised in Nature; Essays, first and second series; Representative Men; English Traits; Conduct of Life; Society and Solitude; Letters and Social Aims; Lectures and Biographical Sketches; Miscellanies; Natural History of Intellect, and Other Papers. _See Scribner’s Magazine, February, 1879; Century Magazine, April, 1883; Fraser’s Magazine, May, 1867; Harper’s Magazine, February, 1884; Conway’s Emerson at Home and Abroad; Correspondence between Carlyle and Emerson; Benton’s Emerson as a Poet; Emerson in Concord; Appletons’ American Biography; Stedman’s American Poets; Lives by Cabot (1887), Garnett, Ireland, Holmes, Cooke; Guernsey’s Emerson as Poet and Philosopher; Nichol’s American Literature; Richardson’s American Literature; New England Magazine, December, 1896; Emerson-Stirling Letters; Atlantic Monthly, January, and February, 1897; Peterson’s Magazine, February, 1897; The Forum, November, 1896; The Arena, March, 1896._ _Hou._

=Emerton, Ephraim.= _Ms._, 1851- ----. A professor of history at Harvard University. Introduction to the Study of Mediæval History; Synopsis of the History of Continental Europe; The Practical Method in Higher Historical Instruction; Sir William Temple und die Tripleallianz vom Jahre 1668; Mediæval Europe, 814-1300. _Gi._

=Emerton, James Henry.= _Ms._, 1847- ----. A naturalist of eminence. Structure and Habits of Spiders; Life on the Seashore. _Wn._

=Emmerton, James Arthur.= _Ms._, 1834-1888. A New England genealogist and physician. Eighteenth Century Baptisms in Salem, Massachusetts; Record of the 23d Massachusetts Regiment; Materials towards an Emmerton Genealogy.

=Emmet, Thomas Addis.= _I._, 1764-1827. An Irish patriot who came to the United States in 1804 and settled in New York city, where he practiced law. He was a brother of the famous Robert Emmet. Pieces of Irish History. _See Memoir by C. G. Haynes._

=Emmet, Thomas Addis.= _Va._, 1828- ----. Grandson of T. A. Emmet, _supra_. A physician and surgeon of New York city, whose chief work is The Principles and Practice of Gynecology.

=Emmons, Ebenezer.= _Ms._, 1799-1863. A noted geologist who in the latter part of his life was attached to the State geological survey of North Carolina. Manual of Mineralogy and Geology; American Geology.

=Emmons, George Foster.= _Vt._, 1811-1884. A rear-admiral in the United States service who wrote The Navy of the United States from 1775 to 1853.

=Emmons, Nathanael.= _Ct._, 1745-1840. A once noted Congregational minister at Franklin, Massachusetts, 1773-1840. His theological works in six volumes, with Memoir by J. Ide, appeared in 1842. A later edition contains a Memoir by E. H. Park, _infra_. _See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit._

=Emmons, Samuel Franklin.= _Ms._, 1841- ----. A geologist in government service. Descriptive Geology; Geological and Mining Industries of Leadville; Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals (with G. F. Becker, _supra_).

=Emory, John.= =Md.=, 1789-1835. A Methodist bishop of prominence in his denomination. The Divinity of Christ Vindicated; Defence of Our Fathers. _See Life by R. Emory, infra._ _Meth._

=Emory, Robert.= _Pa._, 1814-1848. Son of J. Emory, _supra_. A Methodist minister and educator who was president of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1842-48. Life of Bishop Emory; History of the Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church. _Meth._

=Emory, William Helmsley.= _Md._, 1811-1887. Cousin of J. Emory, _supra_. An army officer who retired from the United States service in 1876 with the rank of brigadier-general. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Missouri and California, 1848; Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission.

=Endicott, Charles Moses.= _Ms._, 1793-1863. A writer of Salem, Massachusetts, who was at one time commander of a merchantman. Life of John Endicott; The Persian Poet, a tragedy; Rights and Duties of Nations; Three Orations.

=Endress, Christian.= _Pa._, 1755-1827. A Lutheran clergyman of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who published in German The Kingdom of Heaven not Susceptible of Union with Temporal Monarchy and Aristocracy.

=Engelmann, George Julius.= _Mo._, 1847-1903. A St. Louis physician, founder of the Polyclinic School of Medicine in that city. Labor among Primitive Peoples, or the Development of Obstetric Science.

=England, John.= _I._, 1786-1842. A Roman Catholic prelate who was appointed bishop of Charleston in 1820, and came to America in that year. He was eminent as a lecturer and orator, whose influence both within and without his church was widespread and beneficent. Letters on Slavery are among his writings. _See Works, 8 vols., 1849._

=Engles, William Morrison.= _Pa._, 1797-1867. A Presbyterian minister of Philadelphia, for many years editor of The Presbyterian. Records of the Presbyterian Church; English Martyrology; Sick-Room Devotion; Bible Dictionary; Sailor’s Companion; Soldier’s Pocket Book.

=English, George Bethune.= _Ms._, 1787-1828. A versatile adventurer who wrote The Grounds of Christianity Examined, which was answered by Edward Everett, and this brought a rejoinder from English entitled Five Smooth Stones out of the Brook. He published also Narrative of the Expedition to Dongola and Sennaar.

=English, Thomas Dunn.= _Pa._, 1819-1902. A physician and poet of Newark, New Jersey, widely known by his famous song Ben Bolt, first published in 1843. His various writings include Walter Woolfe, a novel; Poems; 1844, or the Power of the S. F., a political satire; Ambrose Fecit, or the Peer and the Painter; American Ballads; Book of Battle Lyrics; Jacob Schuyler’s Millions. _Har._

=Errett, Isaac.= _N. Y._, 1820-1888. A Campbellite clergyman of Cincinnati. Debate on Spiritualism; Brief View of Missions; Walks about Jerusalem; Talks to Bereans; Letters to Young Christians; Evenings with the Bible, comprise the most of his writing.

=Esling, Mrs. Catherine Harbeson [Waterman].= _Pa._, 1812- ----. A verse-writer of Philadelphia who published The Broken Bracelet and Other Poems in 1850.

=Esling, Charles Henry Augustine.= _Pa._, 1845- ----. A lawyer of Philadelphia, author of Life of Saint Germaine Cousin, the Shepherdess of Pibrae.

=Espy, James Pollard.= _Pa._, 1785-1860. A meteorologist of Philadelphia, sometimes called “the storm king,” who published The Philosophy of Storms (1841).

=Evans, Augusta Jones.= _See Wilson, Mrs. Augusta._

=Evans, Edward Payson.= _N. Y._, 1833- ----. An Oriental scholar who has lived chiefly in Europe. Abriss der deutschen Literaturgeschichte; Progressive German Reader; translation of Stahr’s Life and Works of Lessing.

=Evans, Mrs. Elizabeth Edson [Gibson].= _R. I._, 1833- ----. Wife of E. P. Evans, _supra_. The Abuse of Maternity; Laura, an American Girl; The Story of Kaspar Hauser; The Story of Louis XVII. of France.

=Evans, Frederick William.= _E._, 1808-1893. An elder among the Shakers of Lebanon, New York, from 1838. He wrote and lectured much, and possessed great influence in his sect. Compendium of Origin, History, and Doctrines of Shakers; Shaker Communism; Autobiography of a Shaker; Second Appearing of Christ; Test of Divine Inspiration, are his chief works.

=Evans, Hugh Davy.= _Md._, 1792-1868. A Baltimore lawyer, conspicuous for loyalty to the Union during the Civil War, who wrote on legal and High Church topics. Essay on Pleading; Maryland Common Law Practice; Essay on the Episcopate; Treatise on the Christian Doctrine of Marriage; Essays on the Validity of Anglican Ordination; Theophilus Americanus. _Hou._

=Evans, Lewis.= _Circa_ 1700-1756. A surveyor and geographer of Philadelphia who published Geographical, Historical, Political, and Mechanical Essays.

=Evans, Mrs. Lizzie Phelps [Esterbrook].= _Ms._, 1846- ----. A writer of Somerville, Massachusetts. Aunt Nabby; From Summer to Summer.

=Evans, Nathaniel.= _Pa._, 1742-1767. An Episcopal clergyman stationed as a missionary in Gloucester County, New Jersey. Poems on Several Occasions, with Memoir by Wm. Smith, appeared in 1772.

=Evans, Oliver.= _Del._, 1755-1819. A once famous inventor who constructed the first high-pressure steam-engine. The Young Engineer’s Guide; Miller and Millwright’s Guide.

=Evans= [ĭv´anz], =Thomas.= _Pa._, 1798-1868. A Quaker controversialist of Philadelphia who was an active opponent of the doctrines of Thomas Hicks, _infra_, and published an Exposition of the Faith of the Religious Society of Friends.

=Evans, Thomas Wiltberger.= _Pa._, 1823-1897. A famous dentist, resident in Paris from 1848, through whose aid the Empress Eugénie escaped from that city in 1870. History of the American Ambulance in Paris during the Siege, 1870-71; Sanitary Institutions during the Austro-Prussian-Italian Conflict, 1868; Lettres sur le Gouvernement des États Unis; La Commission Sanitaire des États Unis.

=Eve, Paul Fitzsimmons.= _Ga._, 1806-1877. A distinguished surgeon of Nashville during the Civil War, surgeon-general of the Confederate army of Tennessee. Collection of Remarkable Cases in Surgery; One Hundred Cases of Lithotomy; The Inhumanity of Capital Punishment by Hanging.

=Everest, Harvey William.= _N. Y._, 1831- ----. A clergyman and educator of the Christian denomination. The Divine Demonstration: a Text-Book of Christian Evidence.

=Everett, Alexander Hill.= _Ms._, 1792-1847. Brother of E. Everett, _infra_. An able member of the diplomatic service of the United States who was minister to Spain, 1825-29, and to the Chinese Empire at the time of his death. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays; Poems; Europe: a General Survey; America: a General Survey. _See Allibone’s Dictionary._

=Everett, Charles Carroll.= _Me._, 1829-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Cambridge, dean of the theological faculty of Harvard University from 1878, and a profound and independent philosophical thinker. The Science of Thought; Religions before Christianity; Fichte’s Science of Knowledge, a Critical Exposition; Poetry, Comedy, and Duty; Ethics for Young People; The Gospel of Paul. _Gi. Hou. Sc._

=Everett, David.= _Ms._, 1770-1813. A Boston journalist who wrote the famous lines beginning,--

“You’d scarce expect one of my age To speak in public on the stage.”

Common Sense in Déshabillé, or the Farmer’s Monitor; Daranzel, or the Persian Poet, a tragedy.

=Everett, Edward.= _Ms._, 1794-1865. A distinguished Massachusetts statesman famous for his oratory. He was ordained to the Unitarian ministry in 1813, but soon retired from the profession and entered political life, becoming a congressman in 1825. After that date he was successively governor of Massachusetts, president of Harvard College, and secretary of state. He achieved a wide popularity, and his literary style was greatly admired. His work has, however, failed to retain its hold upon attention, and his polished sentences now find a constantly lessening circle of readers. Defence of Christianity; Orations and Speeches; Mount Vernon Papers; Importance of Practical Education. _See Whipple’s Character and Characteristic Men; Allibone’s Dictionary; Appleton’s American Biography._ _Lit._

=Everett, Edward Franklin.= _Ms._, 1840-1899. A Boston genealogist who published genealogies of the families of Capen and Everett.

=Everett, Erastus.= _Ms._, 1813-1900. An educator once prominent in Brooklyn. System of English Versification; Progress, a poem.

=Everett, William.= _Ms._, 1839- ----. Son of E. Everett, _supra_. At one time an instructor in Harvard University, afterward master of the Adams Academy at Quincy, Massachusetts, member of Congress in 1893, and an active political speaker. College Essays; On the Cam: Lecture on Cambridge University; the poem Hesione, or Europe Unchained; School Sermons. His books for boys include Thine not Mine; Changing Base; Double Play. _Rob._

=Everhart, Benjamin Mablack.= _Pa._, 1818-1904. A Pennsylvania botanist, co-author with J. B. Ellis of The North American Pyrenomycetes.

=Everhart, James Bowen.= _Pa._, 1821-1888. Brother of B. M. Everhart, _supra_. A Pennsylvanian politician and congressman who published Miscellanies; Poems; The Fox Chase, a Poem.

=Everts, Orpheus.= _Ind._, 1826- ----. A physician of Cincinnati. Giles & Co., or Views and Interviews concerning Civilization; What Shall we Do with the Drunkard? _Clke._

=Everts, William Wallace.= _N. Y._, 1814-1890. A Baptist clergyman of Chicago, and later of Jersey City, among whose many published works are included The Pastor’s Hand-Book; Bible Prayer-Book; The Voyage of Life; Manhood, its Duties and Responsibilities; Promise and Training of Childhood; Words in Earnest; The Baptist Layman’s Book; The Sabbath; The Christian Apostolate; Life of John Foster. _Bap. Fu. Rev._

=Ewbank, Thomas.= _E._, 1792-1870. A scientist of New York, at one period commissioner of patents. Thoughts on Matter and Force; Hydraulics; The World a Workshop; Life in Brazil; Experiments in Marine Propulsion; Reminiscences in the Patent Office. _Har. Scr._

=Ewell, Marshall Davis.= _Mch._, 1844- ----. A lawyer of Chicago, and professor of law in Union College of Law in Chicago. Blackwell on Tax Titles; Treatise on the Law of Fixtures; Essentials of the Law; Manual of Medical Jurisprudence.

=Ewer, Ferdinand Cartwright.= _Ms._, 1826-1883. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city of the extreme ritualistic school, whose Sermons on the Failure of Protestantism attracted much attention at the time of their delivery. His other writings include The Operation of the Holy Spirit; Grammar of Theology; Two Eventful Nights, or the Fallibility of Spiritualism Exposed; Sanctity and Other Sermons. _See American Church Review, December, 1883; Sermons of, with Memoir by C. T. Congdon, supra._

=Ewing, Finis.= _Va._, 1773-1841. A Presbyterian clergyman who with two others organized the Cumberland Presbyterian church in 1810. Lectures on Divinity is an exposition of the doctrines of the sect.

=Ewing, Hugh Boyle.= _O._, 1826- ----. A general in the Federal army during the Civil War, and minister to the Netherlands, 1866-70. A Castle in the Air; Ladron, a Tale of Early California.

=Ewing, John.= _Md._, 1732-1802. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1777-1802, and eminent in his day as a scientific observer. He published an Account of the Transit of Venus, and his Lectures on Natural Philosophy were issued after his death.

=Eyster, Mrs. Nellie [Blessing].= _Md._, 1831- ----. A writer for young people, formerly living in Pennsylvania, now in California. Sunny Hours; Chincapin Charlie; Tom Harding; Lionel Wintour’s Diary; A Colonial Boy. _Lo._

F

=Fabbri, Cora Randall.= _N. Y._, 1871-1892. A verse-writer of Italian descent whose volume of Lyrics was published but a few days before her death. _Har._

=Fabens, Joseph Warren.= _Ms._, 1821-1875. A native of Salem, Massachusetts, who was an envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Dominican republic. The Camel Hunt, a Narrative of Personal Adventure; Story of Life on the Isthmus; Facts about Santo Domingo; The Last Cigar, and Eight Other Poems; In the Tropics (probably).

=Fairbairn, Robert Brinckerhoff.= _N. Y._, 1818-1899. An Episcopal clergyman, warden of St. Stephen’s College, Annandale, New York. The Child of Faith; Sermons Preached at St. Stephen’s; Morality in its Relation to the Grace of Redemption; Unity of Faith as Influenced by Speculative Philosophy. _Wh._

=Fairbanks, George Rainsford.= _N. Y._, 1820- ----. A Confederate officer during the Civil War; since 1880 a resident of Fernandina, Florida. History and Antiquities of St. Augustine; History of Florida, 1512-1842.

=Fairchild, Ashbel Green.= _N. J._, 1795-1864. A Presbyterian clergyman of Pennsylvania, among whose writings are The Great Supper, long a popular defence of Calvinism; Baptism; Faith and Works; Confession of Faith.

=Fairchild, Herman Le Roy.= _Pa._, 1850- ----. A lecturer on natural science who has written a History of the New York Academy of Sciences.

=Fairchild, James Harris.= _Ms._, 1817-1902. A Congregational clergyman, president of Oberlin College, 1866-89. Moral Philosophy; Needed Phases of Christianity; Oberlin, the Colony and the College; Elements of Theology; Woman’s Right to the Ballot.

=Fairfield, Francis Gerry.= _Ct._, 1844-1887. A New York city journalist who was in early life a Lutheran minister. The Clubs of New York; Ten Years with Spiritual Mediums. _Ap._

=Fairfield, Genevieve Genevra.= _N. Y._, 1832- ----. Daughter of S. L. Fairfield, _infra_. Genevra, or the History of a Portrait; The Vice-President’s Daughter; The Wife of Two Husbands; The Innkeeper’s Daughter; Irene.

=Fairfield, Mrs. Jane Frazee.= _N. J._, _c._ 1810- ----. Wife of S. L. Fairfield, _infra_, of whom she wrote a Life in 1846. She afterwards published an Autobiography.

=Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln.= _Ms._, 1803-1844. An educator of Philadelphia and elsewhere, and an ambitious versifier, whose work received very little attention from the public. Abaddon, the Spirit of Destruction; Lays of Melpomene; The Sisters of St. Clara; Cities of the Plain; The Heir of the World; The Last Night of Pompeii; Poems and Prose Writings; Select Poems (1860). _See Griswold’s Poets and Poetry of America._

=Fales, Edward Lippitt.= 18-- - ----. Underneath the Mistletoe, and Other Poems; Songs and Song Legends of Dahkotah Land.

=Fall, Charles Gershom.= _Ms._, 1845- ----. A lawyer of Boston. Dreams, a volume of verse; A Village Sketch and Other Poems; Employers’ Liability for Personal Injuries to their Employés.

=Fallows, Samuel.= _E._, 1835- ----. A bishop of the Reformed Episcopal faith. In early life he was a Methodist minister, and during the Civil War a brigadier-general in the Federal army. He left Methodism for the Reformed Episcopal church in 1875, and was advanced to the episcopate the next year. The Bible Story for Young People; Complete Hand-Book of Synonyms and Antonyms; Hand-Book of Abbreviations and Contractions; Hand-Book of Briticisms, Americanisms, etc.; The Home Beyond, or Views of Heaven; Past Noon; Complete Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms. He has edited a Supplemental Dictionary of the English Language. _Meth. Rev._

=Fanning, David.= _N. C._, _c._ 1756-1825. A once famous freebooter who acted with the royalists during the American Revolution, and was one of those persons exempted by name from benefits of the general pardon. He was the author of a Narrative of Adventures in North Carolina, edited by J. H. Wheeler, and printed privately in 1861.

=Fanning, John Thomas.= _Ct._, 1837- ----. A distinguished civil engineer of Minneapolis, whose Treatise on Water Supply Engineering has had wide circulation.

=Farley, Harriet.= _N. H._, 1817- ----. A factory operative of Lowell who, in 1841 and subsequently, edited The Lowell Offering, a periodical to which she and her companions in the mills were the contributors. It attracted much attention, from its literary character. A selection from its pages, Mind among the Spindles, was published in London in 1849. Shells from the Strand of Genius is partly original and partly selected. Fancy’s Frolics, a juvenile work, appeared many years later.

=Farlow, William Gilson.= _Ms._, 1844- ----. A professor of botany in Harvard University since 1874, and the foremost American authority on cryptogamic botany. Marine Algæ of New England; The Black Knot; The Gymnosporangia of the United States; Index of Fungi; The Potato Rot; Diseases of Orange and Olive Trees.

=Farman, Ella.= _See Pratt, Mrs._

=Farmer, Henry Tudor.= _E._, 1782-1828. A writer of English birth who came to America in early life and settled in Charleston. He published Imagination (1819); The Maniac’s Dream, and Other Poems.

=Farmer, John.= _Ms._, 1789-1838. A genealogist of New England, whose Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of New England is a much valued work. His other writings include History of Billerica; History of Amherst; Gazetteer of New Hampshire; and an edition, with notes, of Belknap’s History of New Hampshire. _See Savage’s edition of the Register, 1862; Memorial by Le Bosquet._

=Farmer, John.= _N. Y._, 1798-1859. A noted cartographer of Detroit who published A Gazetteer of Michigan.

=Farmer, Mrs. Lydia [Hoyt].= _O._, 1842-1903. A miscellaneous writer of Cleveland. Aunt Belindy’s Points of View; Boys’ Book of Famous Rulers; A Story Book of Science; Girls’ Book of Famous Queens; The Prince of the Flaming Star, an Operetta; Life of Lafayette; A Short History of the French Revolution; A Knight of Faith; A Moral Inheritance; The Doom of the Holy City. _Cr. Lo. Mer. Ran._

=Farmer, Silas.= _Mch._, 1839-1902. Son of J. Farmer, _supra_. A publisher and antiquarian of Detroit. History of Detroit and Michigan.

=Farnam, Henry Wolcott.= _Ct._, 1853- ----. A professor of political economy at Yale University. Die Innere Französische Gewerpolitik von Colbert bis Turgot.

=Farnham, Mrs. Eliza Woodson [Burhans].= _N. Y._, 1815-1864. Wife of T. J. Farnham, _infra_. A philanthropist who from 1844 to 1848 was matron at the prison of Sing Sing, and later a resident of California. Woman and her Era is her most important work. Others are Life in Prairie Land; My Early Days; The Ideal Attained; California Indoors and Out.

=Farnham, John Marshall Willoughby.= _Me._, 1829- ----. A Presbyterian missionary to China; Homeward; Farnham Genealogy; The Missionary Complaint and Appeal.

=Farnham, Thomas Jefferson.= _Vt._, 1804-1848. A lawyer who in 1839 headed an expedition to Oregon. Travels in Oregon Territory (1842); Travels in California; Memorial of the Northwest Boundary Line; Mexico, its Geography, People, and Institutions (1846).

=Farquharson, Martha.= _See Finley, Martha._

=Farrar, Charles A. J.= 18-- -1893. A New England writer who published Moosehead Lake and the North Maine Wilderness; Camp Life in the Wilderness; The Lake and Forest Series; Wild-Woods Life; From Lake to Lake. _Le._

=Farrar, Mrs. Eliza Ware [Rotch].= _Bm._, 1791-1870. A writer of Cambridge who was the wife of a professor of mathematics in Harvard University. She was educated in England, where her first book, Congo in Search of his Master, was written. Her other works include The Children’s Robinson Crusoe; The Young Lady’s Friend; Life of Howard; The Story of Lafayette; Youth’s Love-Letters; Recollections of Seventy Years.

=Farrar, Timothy.= _N. H._, 1788-1874. A New Hampshire jurist. Report of Dartmouth College Case; Reviews of the Dred Scott Decision; Manual of the United States Constitution.

=Farrington, Margaret Vere.= _See Livingston, Mrs. Margaret._

=Farrow, Edward Samuel.= _Md._, 1855- ----. An army officer and engineer. West Point and the Military Academy; A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises; Mountain Scouting; Pack Mules and Packing; Farrow’s Military Encyclopædia.

=Fasquelle, Jean Louis.= _F._, 1808-1862. A French educator who came to America in 1834, and was professor of modern languages at Michigan University, 1846-62. Lessons in French; French Course; Télémaque, with Notes and Grammatical References; General and Idiomatic Dictionary of the French and English Languages. _Cas._