Part 19

=Dulany, Daniel.= _Md._, 1721-1797. A noted Maryland statesman. Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes on the British Colonies.

=Dulles, Charles Winslow.= _E. I._, 1850- ----. A surgeon of Philadelphia. What to Do First in Accidents or Poisoning; What to Do First in Accidents and Emergencies; Accidents and Emergencies.

=Dulles, John Welsh.= _Pa._, 1823-1887. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia, at one time a missionary to India. The Soldier’s Friend; Life in India; The Ride Through Palestine.

=Dummer, Jeremiah.= _Ms._, _c._ 1680-1739. A noted scholar who was colonial agent for Massachusetts in London, 1710-21, and was a political friend of Bolingbroke. A Letter to a Noble Lord concerning the Late Expedition to Canada; A Defence of the New England Charters,--both excellent specimens of literary skill as well as patriotism. _See Tyler’s American Literature._

=Dumont, Mrs. Julia Louisa [Carey].= _O._, 1794-1857. A once noted educator of Vevay, Indiana. Life Sketches from Common Paths.

=Dunbar, Charles Franklin.= _Ms._, 1830-1900. A professor of political economy at Harvard University from 1871. Chapters on The Theory and History of Banking. _Put._

=Dunbar, Paul Laurence.= _O._, 1872- ----. A verse-writer of Dayton, Ohio, of African descent. Lyrics of Lowly Life. _Do._

=Duncan, William Cecil.= _N. Y._, 1824-1864. A Baptist clergyman of New Orleans. Life of John the Baptist; History of the Baptists for the First Two Centuries of the Christian Era; The Years of Jesus; Brief History of the Baptists.

=Duncan, William Stevens.= _Pa._, 1834- ----. A physician of Brownsville, Pennsylvania. Medical Delusions; Physiology of Death.

=Dunglison= [dŭng´glĭ-son], =Richard James.= _Md._, 1834-1901. Son of R. Dunglison, _infra_. A physician of Philadelphia who published Practitioner’s Reference Book; Elementary Physiology.

=Dunglison, Robley.= _E._, 1798-1869. An eminent Philadelphia physician, professor in Jefferson Medical College from 1836, and one of the most learned men of his profession. His most important work is his Medical Dictionary, which has a very wide reputation. Other works are, Human Physiology; Elements of Hygiene; General Therapeutics; The Medical Student; The Practice of Medicine; Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels in Children. _See Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries._

=Dunham, Carroll.= _N. Y._, 1828-1877. A once prominent homœopathic physician of New York. Homœopathy the Science of Therapeutics; Lectures in Materia Medica.

=Dunham, William Russell.= _N. H._, 1833- ----. A physician of Keene, New Hampshire, who has published Theory of Medical Science.

=Dunlap, Andrew.= _Ms._, 1794-1835. A lawyer of Boston, and author of Admiralty Practice in Cases of Maritime Jurisdiction.

=Dunlap, John A.= _Circa_ 1793-_c._ 1858. A justice of the peace in New York city. Practice of the Superior Court of New York in Civil Actions; Abridgement of the 13th and 14th books of Coke’s Reports.

=Dunlap, Samuel Fales.= _Ms._, 1825- ----. Son of A. Dunlap, _supra_, and, like him, a lawyer of Boston. Origin of Ancient Names; Vestiges of the Spirit History of Man.

=Dunlap, William.= _N. J._, 1766-1839. A once prominent artist, dramatist, and theatrical manager of New York city. Life of George Frederick Cooke; Life of Charles Brockden Brown; The American Theatre; History of New York; History, Rise, and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States; Thirty Years Ago, a novel; New Netherlands, Province of New York; The Father, a comedy; Leicester, a tragedy, include the greater part of his writings.

=Dunlop, James.= _Pa._, 1795-1856. A Pittsburg lawyer prominent as an opponent of slavery. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1853; Digest of the General Laws of the United States.

=Dunn, Jacob Piatt.= _Ind._, 1855- ----. The State librarian of Indiana. History of Indiana; Massacres of the Mountains, a History of Indian Wars in the Far West. _Har. Hou._

=Dunn, Lewis Romaine.= _N. J._, 1822-1876. A Methodist divine of New Jersey. Lizzie Hagar, the Orphan Girl; The Mission of the Spirit; Angels of God; Sermons on the Higher Life.

=Dunning, Albert Elijah.= _Ct._, 1844- ----. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, editor of the Congregationalist. The Sunday-School Library; Bible Studies; Congregationalists in America. _C. P. S. Hi._

=Dunning, Mrs. Annie [Ketchum].= “Nellie Grahame.” _N. Y._, 1831- ----. A prolific writer of Sunday-school tales, mainly for the Presbyterian Board of Publication. Among them are Clementina’s Mirrour; A Story of Four Lives; Broken Pitchers; Contradictions. _Lo._

=Dunning, Charlotte.= _See Morse, Mrs._

=Duponceau= [du-pŏn´sō or dü´poN´so´], =Pierre Etienne.= _F._, 1760-1844. A Frenchman who came to America as aid to Baron Steuben, settled in Philadelphia, and became eminent as a lawyer. He was president of the American Philosophical Society, and his Memoir on the Indian Languages of North America attracted much attention amongst scholars.

=Dupuy= [dü-pwe´], =Eliza Ann.= _Va._, 1814-1881. A sensational novelist of Kentucky, for many years a regular contributor of serial stories to the New York Ledger. Among them are The Conspirator, a story of Aaron Burr; The Huguenot Exiles; The Concealed Treasure. _Har._

=Durbin, John Price.= _Ky._, 1800-1876. A Methodist clergyman noted for his eloquence, who was missionary secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1850-72. Observations in Europe; Observations in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor. _See Life by J. A. Roche, 1879._ _Har._

=Durfee, Job.= _R. I._, 1790-1847. A Rhode Island jurist who was chief justice of his State, 1835-47. What Cheer, or Roger Williams in Exile; Panidea, a philosophical treatise. _See Complete Works, with Memoir by his son, 1849._

=Durivage, Francis Alexander.= _Ms._, 1813-1881. Nephew to Edward Everett, _infra_. A magazinist of Boston, among whose writings are The Fatal Casket; Life Scenes from the World Around Us; Cyclopedia of History.

=Durrie, Daniel Steele.= _N. Y._, 1819-1892. An antiquarian writer of Madison, Wisconsin, who published Bibliographia Genealogica Americana; History of Madison.

=Dutcher, Addison Porter.= _N. Y._, 1818-1884. A physician of Cleveland. Selections from my Portfolio, essays on Popular and Scientific Subjects; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Sparks from the Forge of a Rough Thinker; Two Voyages to Europe. _Lip._

=Dutcher, Jacob C.= _Circa_ 1820- ----. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of New York. Requisites of National Greatness; The Prodigal Son; Our Fallen Heroes; The Old Home by the River; Frank Lyttleton, or Winning his Way.

=Dutton, Clarence Edward.= _Ct._, 1841- ----. An officer in the United States army associated with the Geological Survey. Geology of the High Plateaus of Utah; Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District; Hawaiian Volcanoes; Mount Taylor and the Zuñi Plateau; The Charleston Earthquake of 1886.

=Dutton, Henry.= _Ct._, 1796-1869. A prominent jurist of Connecticut who issued a Digest of the Connecticut Reports.

=Duval, John Pope.= _Va._, 1790-_c._ 1855. A Florida lawyer who published in 1840 A Digest of the Laws of Florida.

=Duyckinck= [dī´kiṉk], =Evert Augustus=. _N. Y._, 1816-1878. A literary critic of New York city, who with his brother George, _infra_, was the author of an Encyclopædia of American Literature, first issued in 1855. Its estimates were sometimes over-indulgent, but on the whole the work gave a fairly just view of the subject at that time. Other works by the elder Duyckinck are History of the War for the Union; Biography of Eminent Men and Women of Europe and America.

=Duyckinck, George Long.= _N. Y._, 1823-1863. Brother of E. A. Duyckinck, _supra_. A writer of New York city who, beside his share in The Encyclopædia of American Literature, was the author of Lives of George Herbert; Bishop Ken; Jeremy Taylor; Bishop Latimer.

=Dwight, Benjamin Woodbridge.= _Ct._, 1816-1889. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, _infra_. An educator of New York city. The Higher Christian Education; Modern Philosophy; Modern Philology; Woman’s Higher Culture; The True Doctrine of Divine Providence; History of the Dwight Family in America; History of the Strong Family.

=Dwight, Edwin Welles.= _Ms._, 1789-1841. A Congregational clergyman of Richmond, Massachusetts, whose only publication was a History of Berkshire County.

=Dwight, Harrison Gray Otis.= _Ms._, 1803-1862. A Congregational missionary to Armenia. Researches of Smith and Dwight in Armenia; Christianity Revived in the East; Catalogue of Armenian Literature in the Middle Ages.

=Dwight, Henry Edwin.= _Ct._, 1797-1832. The eighth son of Timothy Dwight, _infra_. An educator of New Haven who published Travels in the North of Germany.

=Dwight, Henry Otis.= _Ty._, 1843- ----. Son of H. G. O. Dwight, _supra_. A Federal officer during the Civil War, and a correspondent of the New York Tribune from Constantinople, 1876-79. Turkish Life in War Times; Constantinople and its Problems. _Rev. Scr._

=Dwight, John Sullivan.= _Ms._, 1813-1893. A distinguished musical critic of Boston, editor of Dwight’s Journal of Music, an outspoken, fearless, high-class critical periodical, 1852-81. In earlier life he spent five years at Brook Farm, and was a contributor to The Dial. He was the author of a History of Music in Boston and the poem God Save the State.

=Dwight, Mary Ann.= _Ms._, 1806-1858. A teacher of drawing and painting in New York city. Grecian and Roman Mythology; Introduction to the Study of Art; Art as a Branch of Education.

=Dwight, Nathaniel.= _Ms._, 1770-1831. Brother of Timothy Dwight, _infra_. A physician and clergyman of Rhode Island and Connecticut, who published the first school geography in America, and was author also of The Great Question Answered; A Compendious History of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. _Bar._

=Dwight, Sereno Edwards.= _Ct._, 1786-1850. The fifth son of Timothy Dwight, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman and educator. Life of David Brainerd; The Hebrew Wife, an argument in opposition to marriage with a deceased wife’s sister; Select Discourses. He edited the Works of Jonathan Edwards, _infra_, in ten volumes, with Life. _See Memoir by W. T. Dwight._

=Dwight, Theodore.= _Ms._, 1764-1846. Brother of Timothy Dwight, _infra_. A once famous journalist of New York city, and a member of Congress, well known as a Federalist. History of the Hartford Convention; Character of Thomas Jefferson. _See Life and Writings, 1840._

=Dwight, Theodore.= _Ct._, 1796-1866. Son of T. Dwight, _supra_. A New York littérateur whose varied writings include Tour in Italy; New Gazetteer of the United States; History of Connecticut; Summer Tour of New England; The Northern Traveller; The Roman Republic of 1849; The Kansas War; Life of Garibaldi; The Father’s Book; First Lessons in Modern Greek; School Dictionary of Roots and Derivatives.

=Dwight, Theodore William.= _N. Y._, 1822-1892. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, _infra_. A jurist of note who was professor of municipal law in Columbia College. Argument in the Rose Will Case; Trial by Impeachment; Prisons and Reformatories (with E. C. Wines, _infra_).

=Dwight, Thomas.= _Ms._, 1843- ----. A physician of Boston, successor to O. W. Holmes, _infra_, as professor of anatomy in the Harvard Medical School. Anatomy of the Head; The Intracranial Circulation. _Hou._

=Dwight, Timothy.= _Ms._, 1752-1817. A Congregational clergyman who was a very prominent figure in the early history of the republic, and as president of Yale College, 1795-1817, of great influence as an educator as well. His most important work is Theology Explained and Defended in a Course of 173 Sermons, which has gone into more than one hundred editions. Other prose works are Genuineness and Authenticity of the Old Testament; Observations on Language; Essay on Light; Travels in New England and New York, which still furnishes entertaining reading. His writings in verse include The Conquest of Canaan, a very ponderous epic; Greenfield Hill, a pastoral; The Triumph of Infidelity, a satire. _See Sparks’s American Biography; Allibone’s Dictionary; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895._

=Dwight, Timothy.= _Ct._, 1828- ----. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, _supra_. A Congregational clergyman, president of Yale University, 1886-99, and one of the members of the New Testament Revision Company. The True Ideal of an American University.

=Dwight, William Buck.= _Ty._, 1833- ----. Son of H. G. O. Dwight, _supra_. A scientist who has been curator of Vassar College Museum for many years.

=Dyckman, Jacob.= _N. Y._, 1788-1822. A physician of New York city who was the author of Pathology of Human Fluids.

=Dyer, Mrs. Catherine Cornelia [Joy].= _N. Y._, 1817-1903. Wife of H. Dyer, _infra_. Henry and the Bird’s Nest; Sunny Days Abroad; Brief History of the Joy Family; Records of the Dyer Family.

=Dyer, Heman.= _Vt._, 1810-1900. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city. Voice of the Lord upon the Waters; Records of an Active Life, an autobiography.

=Dyer, Sidney.= _N. Y._, 1814-1898. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, well known as a song-writer. Voices of Nature and Thoughts in Rhyme; Psalmist for Use of Baptist Churches; Songs and Ballads; The Drunkard’s Child; Ruth, a Cantata; Black Diamonds; Home and Abroad; Hoofs and Claws; Ocean Gardens and Palaces; Elmdale Lyceum; The Beautiful Ladder, or the Two Students.

E

=Eads, James Buchanan.= _Ind._, 1820-1887. A civil engineer of distinction and the designer of the Mississippi jetties. System of Naval Defence; Mouth of the Mississippi, the Jetty System Explained; Discussion on Upright Bridges.

=Eames, Mrs. Jane [Anthony].= _Ms._, 1816-1894. A writer of Concord, New Hampshire. A Budget of Letters; The Budget Closed; My Mother’s Jewel; The Christmas Gift; Letters from Bermuda, comprise the most of her writing.

=Earle, Mrs. Alice [Morse].= _Ms._, 1851- ----. A writer on American antiquarian themes. Curious Punishments of Bygone Days; Margaret Winthrop, a biography; Costume of Colonial Times; Customs and Fashions in Old New England; The Sabbath in Puritan New England; China-Collecting in America; Colonial Dames and Goodwives; Colonial Days in Old New York. _Hou. S. Scr._

=Earle, Pliny.= _Ms._, 1809-1892. A son of the inventor of the same name, and a prominent physician, who was superintendent of the State Insane Hospital at Northampton, Massachusetts, 1864-1885. Marathon and Other Poems; Institutions for the Insane in Prussia, Germany, and Austria; Visits to Thirteen Insane Asylums in Europe; The Curability of Insanity; Blood-Letting in Disorders; The Earle Family: Ralph Earle and his Descendants.

=Earle, Thomas.= _Ms._, 1796-1849. Brother of P. Earle, _supra_. A lawyer and philanthropist of Philadelphia. Essay on Penal Law; Right of States to Alter and Annul their Charters; Railroads and Internal Communications (1830); Life of Benjamin Lundy.

=Early, Jubal Anderson.= _Va._, 1816-1894. A distinguished general in the Confederate army who settled in New Orleans after the close of the Civil War. Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States; Campaigns of General Lee; Jackson’s Campaign against Pope.

=Eastburn, James Wallis.= _E._, 1797-1819. An Episcopal clergyman remembered as co-author with R. C. Sands of the once noted poem Yamoyden.

=Eastburn, Manton.= _E._, 1801-1872. The fourth Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts, and somewhat prominent as a dogmatic, aggressive Low Churchman. Lectures on Hebrew, Latin, and Greek Poetry; Lectures on the Epistles to the Philippians; Essays and Dissertations on Biblical Literature.

=Eastman, Charles Gamage.= _Me._, 1816-1861. A verse-writer of Montpelier, Vermont, who published in 1848 a volume of Poems, descriptive of rural life in New England, that was popular for a time.

=Eastman, Mrs. Elaine [Goodale].= _Ms._, 1863- ----. A writer who, with her younger sister, Dora Goodale, _infra_, attracted much attention, when both were children, by the publication of several volumes of poems, of which the literary quality was very marked. She afterward became a teacher at various Indian schools, and in 1891 married Dr. Charles Eastman, a Sioux Indian, educated at the Boston University; she now lives in South Dakota. Journal of a Farmer’s Daughter; The Coming of the Birds. _See Goodale, D. R._

=Eastman, Julia Arabella.= _N. Y._, 1837- ----. A Massachusetts teacher who has written a number of juvenile tales, among which are Short Comings and Long Goings; Young Rick; Kitty Kent’s Trouble. _Lo._

=Eastman, Mrs. Mary [Henderson].= _Va._, 1818- ----. Wife of S. Eastman, _infra_. Romance of Indian Life; Dacotah, or Life and Legends of the Sioux; American Aboriginal Portfolio; Chicora and other Regions of the Conquerors and the Conquered; Tales of Fashionable Life; Aunt Phillis’s Cabin, a reply to Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

=Eastman, Philip.= _N. H._, 1799-1869. A jurist of Maine. General Statutes of Maine; Digest of Maine Law Reports.

=Eastman, Seth.= _Me._, 1808-1875. An officer in the United States army stationed at Fort Snelling and other places on the Western frontier; afterwards a lieutenant-colonel and brevet brigadier-general. History, Condition, and Future Prospects of the Indians of the United States; Topographical Drawing.

=Eaton, Amos.= _N. Y._, 1776-1842. A once prominent scientist whose writings include Index to Geology of the Northern States; Natural History of New York; Geological Survey of the Erie Canal District; Philosophical Instructor; Manual of Botany of North America.

=Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton.= _N. S._, 1849- ----. An Episcopal clergyman and instructor of New York city. The Heart of the Creeds, a notable contribution to Broad church literature; Acadian Legends and Lyrics; Letter-Writing: its Ethics and Etiquette; The Church of England in Nova Scotia; Tales of a Garrison Town (with C. L. Betts, _supra_).

=Eaton, Cyrus.= _Me._, 1784-1875. An educator of Maine who was totally blind for the last thirty years of his life. Annals of Warren, Maine; Woman, a poem; History of Thomaston, Maine.

=Eaton, Daniel Cady.= _Mch._, 1834-1895. Grandson of Amos Eaton, _supra_. A professor of botany at Yale University. The Ferns of North America; Ferns of the Southwest. _Wn._

=Eaton, Daniel Cady.= _N. Y._, 1837- ----. Cousin of D. C. Eaton, _supra_. A professor of the history of art at Yale University, 1869-76. Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture. _Hou._

=Eaton, Dorman Bridgeman.= _Vt._, 1823-1899. A jurist of New York city, prominent in civil service reform, who published Civil Service in Great Britain, and edited the seventh edition of Kent’s Commentaries. _Har._

=Eaton, John Henry.= _Tn._, 1790-1856. A once noted politician who was secretary of war, 1829-31, and minister to Spain, 1836-40. He wrote a Life of Andrew Jackson.

=Eaton, Samuel John Mills.= _Pa._, 1820-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of Franklin, Pennsylvania, 1848-82. Petroleum; History of Venango County, Pennsylvania; Lake Side; Jerusalem, the Holy City; Palestine.

=Eaton, Thomas Treadwell.= _Tn._, 1845- ----. A Baptist minister of Louisville. My Angels; Talks to Children; Marriage and Law; Talks on Getting Married.

=Eberle, John.= _Pa._, 1787-1838. A noted physician of Philadelphia, and later of Cincinnati. Botanical Terminology; Diseases and Physical Education of Children; Therapeutics and Materia Medica; Notes on Theory and Practice of Medicine. _Lip._

=Eckard, James Read.= _Pa._, 1805-1887. A Presbyterian missionary to India. Faith and Justification (in the Tamil language); The Hindoo Traveller; Outline of English Law from Blackstone.

=Eddy, Ansel Doane.= _Ms._, 1798-1875. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York who published the Christian Citizen; Duties, Dangers, and Securities of Youth.

=Eddy, Clarence.= _Ms._, 1851- ----. An organist of Chicago. The Church and Concert Organist; The Organ in Church.

=Eddy, Daniel Clark.= _Ms._, 1823-1896. A Baptist clergyman of Boston, and subsequently of Brooklyn, who wrote extensively, some of his books having been very popular. Among them are The Percy Family, and Walter’s Tour in the East, two series of volumes for young readers; Young Man’s Friend; Young Woman’s Friend; The Burman Apostle, a life of Judson; Roger Williams and the Baptists; The Unitarian Apostasy; Europa, or Scenes in the Old World; Waiting at the Cross; Angel Whispers.

=Eddy, Henry Turner.= _Ms._, 1844- ----. A mathematician, since 1874 a professor in the University of Cincinnati. Analytical Geometry; Researches in Graphical Statics; Thermodynamics; Maximum Stress under Concentrated Loads.

=Eddy, Mrs. Mary Morse [Baker] [Glover] [Patterson].= _N. H._, 1822- ----. A resident of Concord, New Hampshire, widely known as the founder of the sect of Christian Scientists. Besides Christian Science; Science and Health, she has published a number of pamphlets on the general subject of Christian Science.

=Eddy, Richard.= _R. I._, 1828- ----. A Universalist clergyman of Melrose, Massachusetts. Universalism in America; History of the Sixtieth New York Regiment; The Martyr to Liberty.

=Eddy, Thomas.= _Pa._, 1758-1827. A philanthropist whose efforts were chiefly in the direction of prison reform, and who was the author of The State Prisons of New York. _See Life by S. L. Knapp, 1834._

=Eddy, Thomas Mears.= _O._, 1823-1874. A Methodist minister of Chicago, who published Patriotism of Illinois, a history of that State during the Civil War.

=Eddy, Zachary.= _Vt._, 1815-1891. A Presbyterian minister of Augusta, Georgia. Immanuel, or the Life of Christ; Hymns of the Church; Songs of the Church.

=Edes, Henry Herbert.= _Ms._, 1849- ----. A Boston merchant of antiquarian tastes, who has published Charlestown’s Historic Points; Memorial of Josiah Barker.

=Edes, Robert Thaxter.= _Me._, 1838- ----. A physician of Washington. Nature and Time in the Cure of Diseases; Physiology and Pathology of the Sympathetic or Ganglionic Nervous System; Therapeutical Handbook of United States Pharmacopœia; Text Book of Therapeutics and Materia Medica.

=Edgar, Cornelius Henry.= _N. J._, 1811-1884. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Easton, Pennsylvania. Lectures on Slavery; Discourses on the Death of Lincoln; Curse of Canaan Rightly Interpreted; Exposition of the Nine Last Wars (1867).

=Edgren, August Hjalmar.= _Sn._, 1840- ----. A Swedish scholar who came to the United States in 1862, and served for a time in the Federal army, and afterwards in the Swedish army. Since 1884 he has been professor of languages in the University of Nebraska. Complete Sanskrit Grammar; German and English Dictionary (with W. D. Whitney, _infra_); The Literature of America (in Swedish); Public Schools and Colleges of the United States; Swedish Literature in America; American Antiquities.

=Edmonds, John Worth.= _N. Y._, 1799-1874. A prominent jurist of New York city, noted as an ardent defender of Spiritualism. Spiritualism (with G. T. Dexter); Reports of Select Law Cases; Letters and Tracts on Spiritualism.

=Edwards, Bela Bates.= _Ms._, 1802-1852. A Congregational clergyman, professor in Andover Theological Seminary, and editor of the Bibliotheca Sacra. He published an Eclectic Reader; Biography of Self-made Men; Memoirs of E. Cornelius; but his principal work was in the line of religious editorship. _See Memoir by E. A. Parks, infra._

=Edwards, Charles.= _E._, 1797-1868. A New York lawyer who was counsel to the British consulate. The Juryman’s Guide; Parties to Bills and Other Pleadings; Feathers from my Own Wings; Receivers in Chancery; Reports of Chancery Cases; Receivers in Equity; Referees; History and Poetry of Finger Rings; Pleasantries about Courts and Lawyers.