Chapter 45

Y, at the beginning of words, often represents an older Ȝ, under which letter Y-words may in some cases be found.

Y-, _prefix_; see Ȝe.

Yald, _pt. s._ of Ȝelden.

Yane, _v._ to yawn, HD, Palsg.; see Ganien.

Yare, _adv._ soon, S2, Sh.; see Ȝare.

Yate, _sb._ gate, C2, S3; see Gate.

Yawle, _v._ to howl, HD; see Ȝoulen.

Ychan, each one, HD; ychone, HD; see Eche.

Yche, _adj._ the same, S2; see Ilke.

Ydolastre, _sb._ idolater, C2.—Cp. OF. _idolâtre_ (Cotg.); Church Lat. _idolatra_ (Vulg.).

Ydolatrie, _sb._ idolatry, PP.—Church Lat. _idolatria_ (Vulg.).

Ydole, _sb._ idol, C3; ydoles, _pl._, C3.—Church Lat. _idōlum_ (Vulg.); Gr. εἴδωλον (LXX); cp. OF. _idle_, _ydle_ (Roland); Late Lat. _ídolum_ (accented as in Greek).

Ydre, _sb._ hydra, water-snake, WA.—OF. _ydre_; Lat. _hydra_; Gr. ὕδρα.

Ydres, _sb. pl._ water-pots (= Lat. _hydriae_), S.—Gr. ὑδρίαι; cp. OF. _ydrie_ (Ducange).

Ye, _sb._ eye, Voc., HD; see Eȝe.

Yeant, _sb._ giant, HD; see Geaunt.

Yeddinges, _pl._ romances, songs, C; see Ȝeddynge.

Yede, _pt. s._ went, S, S2, S3, C3; see Eode, Ȝeode.

Yeer, _sb._ year, C2; see Ȝeer.

Yef, if, S, S2; see Ȝif.

Yefte, _sb._ a gift, S; see Ȝift.

Yeir, _pl._ years, S2; see Ȝeer.

Yelde, _sb._ a payment, S; see Gild.

Yelde-halle, _sb._ guild-hall, CM, C.

Yelden, _v._ to yield, pay, C2; see Ȝelden.

Yelderes, _sb. pl._ debtors, S2.

Yeldinges, _sb. pl._ payments, debts, S2.

Yelleden, _pt. pl._ yelled, C; see Ȝellen.

Yelpe, _v._ to boast, C; see Ȝelpen.

Yelwe, _adj._ yellow, C; see Ȝelow.

Yeman, _sb._ retainer, C; see Ȝoman.

Yeme, _sb._ an uncle, HD; see Eem.

Yemen, _v._ to heed, S; see Ȝemen.

Yemer, _adj._ sad, S; see Ȝemer.

Yemernesse, _sb._ sadness, S.

Yen, _sb. pl._ eyes, HL; see Eȝe.

Yep, _adj._ prompt, quick, HD; yepe, HD; see Ȝape.

Yer, _conj._ ere, before, S3; see Er.

Yerd, _sb._ an enclosure, S, C; see Ȝerd.

Yerde, _sb._ rod, C2; yeorde, S; see Ȝerde.

Yere, _sb._ ear, HD; see Ere.

Yerle, _sb._ earl, S3; see Erl.

Yerly, _adv._ early, S3; see Erly.

Yerne, _adj._ desirous, CM; see Ȝerne.

Yerthe, _sb._ earth, S3; see Erthe.

Yeste, _sb._ gest, tale, HD; see Geste.

Yete, _conj._ yet, S; yet, C3; see Ȝet.

Yeuen, _v._ to give, S; see Ȝiuen.

Yftles, _adj._ giftless, HD. See Ȝift.

Yh- is written in some MSS. for y-; see HD.

Yheden, _pt. pl._ went, S2; see Eode.

Yhode, went, S2; see Eode.

Ying, _adj._ young, S3, G, B; see Ȝong.

Yis, _adv._ yes, C2; see Ȝis.

Yistirday, yesterday, PP; see Ȝister-.

Yit, _conj._ yet, C2, C3; see Ȝet.

Y-kuenct, _pp._ quenched, S2; see Quenchen.

Ylaste, _pt. s._ of Ȝe-lesten.

Y-leuen, _v._ to believe, S2.—AS. _ge-lýfan_. See Leuen.

Y-liche, _adv._ alike, C2; see Iliche.

Ylk-oon, each one, HD; see Eche.

Ylonde, _sb._ island, S2; ilond, SkD.—AS. _íg-land_; _íg_, watery land, island, from OTeut. stem *_auja_, see Sievers, 99.

Y-mone, _sb._ company, S.—AS. _ge-mána_, ‘societas’ (Voc.).

Ympe, _sb._ a graft, scion, offspring, HD, PP, H; impe, Prompt., ND; imp, S3, TG.—AS. _impe_ (BT); Low Lat. _impotus_, a graft; Gr. ἔμφυτος engrafted; cp. F. _ente_.

Ympen, _v._ to graft, PP; ympyd, _pp._, H, Prompt. _Der._: ympynge, graft, scion, H; impynge, Prompt.

Ympne, _sb._ hymn, CM, HD.—OF. _ymne_; Church Lat. _hymnum_ (Vulg.); Gr. ὕμνος see Brugmann, § 131. See Impne.

Ynkirly, _adv._ particularly, B; see Enkerly.

Ynow, _adj._, _sb._, and _adv._ enough, S2, C2, W, PP; ye-noughe, S3; inoh, S; ynoh, S2; ynou, S2, S; ynow, S3; ynouȝ, S2; innoh, S; inow, S; inouh, S; inou, S2; inoȝe, S; inoȝh, S; ynouh, S; ynowȝ, W; innoghe, S2; ynough, C2; inough, C; onoh, S; anough, CM; ynewe, HD; anew, S3; ynewch, S3; eneuch, S3; inouwe, _pl._, S2.—AS. _genóh_; cp. OHG. _gi-nuht_, abundance (Tatian).

Ynwyt, _sb._ understanding, conscience, HD; see Inwyt.

Yod, _pt. s._ went, S2; see Eode, Ȝeode.

Yolden, _pp._ of Ȝelden.

Yolle, _v._ to yell, C; see Ȝellen.

Yollyng, _sb._ yelling, clamour, C; see Ȝellen.

Yond, _adv._ yonder, S2, C2; see Ȝond.

Yonge, _adj._ young, S, C2; see Ȝong.

Yonghede, _sb._ youth, S; see Ȝonghede.

Yore, _adv._ formerly, S2, S3, C2; see Ȝore.

Yornyng, _sb._ desire, S3; see Ȝerning.

Youngth, _sb._ youth, S3; see Ȝongth.

Youngthly, _adj._ youthful, S3. See Ȝongthe.

Youthe, _sb._ youth, C2; yowthe, S2; see Ȝouthe.

Yow, _pron. pl. acc._ and _dat._ you, S, C2; see Ȝou.

Yow, _sb._ ewe, CM.—AS. _eowu_: Goth. _awi_; see Sievers, 106.

Yoye, _v._ to joy, HD; see Ioien.

Ypocrysie, _sb._ hypocrisy, PP; ypocrisye, C3.—AF. _ipocrisie_.

Ypocryte, _sb._ hypocrite, C2.—OF. _ypocrite_; Lat. _hypocrita_ (Vulg.); Gr. ὑποκριτής.

Y-rayled, _pp._ covered, S3. See Reȝel.

Yre, _sb._ anger, H; iris, _pl._, W2.—Lat. _ira_.

Yreyne, _sb._ spider, W2; see Aranye.

Yrk, _v._ to make tired, to become tired, H: irkyn, _fastidior_, Prompt.; erke, SD; irkyt, _1 pt. s._, S3; irked, _pt. s._, SD.—Swed. _yrka_; cp. Lat. _urgere_.

Yrk, _adj._ oppressed, tired, S3; irke, SkD. _Comb._: irkesum, _fastidiosus_, Prompt.; irkesumnesse, _fastidium_, Prompt.

Yrous, _adj._ angry, H.

Ysche, _v._ to issue, to go forth, B; see Ische.

Yse, _sb._ ice, CM, H (Ps. 148. 8); iys, W2; ijs, S3; yse, _dat._, S2.—AS. _ís_.

Ysels, _sb. pl._ ashes, HD.—AS. _ysle_ (Grein); see Curtius, No. 610. See Isle.

Ysope, _sb._ hyssop, W2, Voc.; ysoop, HD; ysoppe, Voc.—OF. _ysoppe_ (Ps. 50. 7); Lat. _hyssopum_ (Vulg.); Gr. ὕσσωπος.

Ysue, _sb._ issue, P; issue, PP.—AF. _issue_, pp. f. of _issir_; Lat. _ex-ire_. See Ische.

Ythen, _adj._ busy, B; ythand, B.—Icel. _iðinn_.

Yþez, _sb. pl._ waves, S2, HD; ythes, WA; see Uthe.

Y-tiȝt, _pp._ made tight, S3; see Thyhtyn.

Yugement, _sb._ judgment, HD; see Iugement.

Yuel, _adj._ and _sb._ evil, S, S2, W, W2, C3; uuel, S2, S; iuel, S, W2, S2; euel, S, W2, S2; eueyl, S2; ufel, S; yuels, _pl._, S2; the yuele (= malignus, i.e. the devil), W.—AS. _yfel_: OS. _ubil_ (Tatian).

Yuele, _adv._ evilly, W; uuele, S2; euele, S.

Yuer, _sb._ ivory, W, W2; yuor, HD; yuour, HD; see Euour.

Yuory, _sb._ ivory, Prompt.; see Euorye.

Yȝe, _sb._ eye, HD; see Eȝe.

Ȝ (pronounced as _y_).

Ȝa, _adv._ yea, S, PP, S2, H; see Ȝea.

Ȝæn, _prep._ against, in comparison with, S; see Ȝeyn.

Ȝaf, _pt. s._ of Ȝiuen.

Ȝal, _pt. s._ yelled, S2; see Ȝellen.

Ȝape, _adj._ vigorous, strong, keen, bold, WA.—AS. _geap_, astute, bold (BT).

Ȝare, _adv._ formerly, S; see Ȝore.

Ȝare, _adj._ ready, S, S2, G; yare, HD; ȝaru, S; ȝarowe, S; ȝare, _adv._, soon, S, G; yare, S2, Sh.—AS. _gearo_.

Ȝarken, _v._ to prepare, S, S2, WA; ȝarrkenn, S; gerken, S; giarkien, S; ȝearceon, S; ȝeirken, S; ȝarketh hym, _pr. s. reflex._, P; ȝæarced, _pp._, S; i-garcket, S; iȝarked, S; giarked, S.—AS. _gearcian_.

Ȝarm, _sb._ cry, S2.—Icel. _jarmr_, a crying.

Ȝarme, _v._ to scream, yell, bellow, WA, HD.

Ȝarowe, _sb._ milfoil, _millefolium_, herb for nose-bleeding, Prompt.; yarowe, Palsg., Manip.; ȝarow, Voc.; ȝarrow, S3.—AS. _gearwe_ (Voc.): OHG. _garawa_, _garwa_.

Ȝarowe, _adj._ ready, S; ȝaru, S; see Ȝare.

Ȝate, _sb._ gate, S2, G, H, WA; yat, HD; see Gate.

Ȝe-, a prefix before verbs and substantives.—AS. _ge-_. [In ME. the equivalents of _ge-_, viz. Ȝe-, I-, Y-, Hi-, A-, E-, are often found prefixed to past participles. For words beginning with this particle see in many cases the uncompounded form.]

Ȝe, _pron._ ye, S, S2, PP; ye, C2; ge, S; yhe, S2; ȝeo, S; ȝie, S.—AS. _ge_. See also Ȝou, Ȝoure.

Ȝea, _adv._ yea, PP: ȝa, S, S2, PP, H; ȝe, S, S2, PP, G; ȝhe, W; ye, S2, PP, C2; ȝie, S; ȝha, S2; ȝo, S2.—AS. _géa_; cp. Goth. _já_, Icel. _já_.

Ȝe-arnen, _v._ to earn, S.—AS. _ge-earnian_. See Ernen.

Ȝeat, _pt. s._ poured, S; see Ȝeten.

Ȝe-bugon, _pt. pl._ were obedient, S.—AS. _ge-bugon_, from _ge-búgan_. See Bowen.

Ȝe-cende, _adj._ natural, S; i-cundur, _comp._, S.—AS. _ge-cynde_. See Kynde.

Ȝe-ceosen, _v._ to choose, MD; ȝe-cas, _pt. s._, S.—AS. _ge-céosan_.

Ȝed, _sb._ a word; ȝeddes, _pl._, MD.—AS. _gied_, _gid_, _gyd_, song, poem, saying.

Ȝeddien, _v._ to speak, MD; ȝedde, to sing, S2.—AS. _geddian_, _giddian_, to sing, to speak.

Ȝeddynge, _sb._ a gest or romance, Prompt.; ȝeddyngis, _pl._, HD; yeddynges, songs, C. See above.

Ȝede, _pt. s._ went, S, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝedire, _adj._ vehement, WA; ȝederly, _adv._ quickly, S2, HD.—Cp. AS. _ædre_, (_edre_), quickly, at once: OS. _adro_, quick.

Ȝeer, _sb._ year, S3; ȝer, S, S2; gær, S; yeer, C2; ȝere, PP, S2; yere, S2, C2; yeire, S2; ȝer, _pl._, PP, S, S2, S3; yer, S; yeer, C2; ger, S; ȝeir, S3; yeir, S2; ȝere, PP; yere, S2; yhere, S2; ȝeres, S, PP; geres, S.—AS. _gér_, _géar_: OS. _jer_, _jar_; cp. Gr. ὥρα; see Brugmann, § 118.

Ȝeerli, _adv._ yearly, S3.

Ȝef, _conj._ if, S, S2; see Ȝif.

Ȝe-fered, _sb._ company, _societas_, S; i-ferred, MD; ifereden, MD.—AS. _ge-férrǽden_, companionship.

Ȝeft, _sb._ gift, S; see Ȝift.

Ȝe-fo, _sb._ foe, MD; ifo, MD; y-uo, MD; ivo, S; ȝefo, _pl._, S; ifo, MD.—AS. _ge-fá_. See Foo.

Ȝe-geng, _sb._ company, S.—AS. _gegang_.

Ȝeid, _pt. s._ went, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝeien, _v._ to cry out, S, MD; ȝeide, _pt. s._, MD.—Icel. _geyja_, to bark (a strong vb.).

Ȝeir, _pl._ years, S3; see Ȝeer.

Ȝe-laðien, _v._ to invite, S.—AS. _ge-laðian_.

Ȝe-laðiere, _sb._ inviter, S.

Ȝeld, _sb._ payment; yelde, S; ȝielde, S; gildes, _pl._, S; gæildes, S.—AS. _gild_.

Ȝelden, _v._ to pay, yield, S, PP, S2, G, W; yelden, C2; ȝulde, PP; yhelde, S2; yheld, S2; ȝelt, _pr. s._, PP; ȝilt, PP; ȝald, _pt. s._, PP, S2, S3; yald, PP, S2; yalt, HD; ȝelde, PP, S2; ȝelte, PP; ȝelt, PP; geld, S; ȝeldide, W; yolden, _pp._, C; ȝoldun, W; ȝolde, W; iȝolde, S, S2.—AS. _geldan_, pt. _geald_ (pl. _guldon_), pp. _golden_: cp. Goth. _gildan_.

Ȝeldingus, _sb. pl._ payments, debts, S3.

Ȝe-lesten, _v._ to fulfil, to perform, to continue, last, extend, S; i-leste, S; i-lest, _pr. s._, S; i-lested, S; gelest, _pt. s._, S; y-laste, S2; i-laste, S, S2.—AS. _ge-lǽstan_.

Ȝe-limpen, _v._ to happen, MD; ȝelamp, _pt. s._, S; ilomp, S.—AS. _ge-limpan_. See Limpen.

Ȝelke, _sb._ yolk of an egg, Prompt.

Ȝellen, _v._ to yell, MD; yolle, C; ȝolle, S; ȝellynge, _pr. p._, howling, W; ȝal, _pt. s._, MD, S2; ȝulle, _pl._, MD; ȝelliden, MD; yelleden, C.—AS. _gellan_ (_giellan_), pt. _geall_ (pl. _gullon_), pp. _gollen_.

Ȝellynge, _sb._ yelling, MD; yollyng, C; ȝollinge, S.

Ȝelow, _adj._ yellow, MD; ȝeoluwe, S; ȝeolewe, S; ȝeluwe, S; ȝolewe, S; yelwe, C; yalu, HD.—AS. _geolw-_ stem of _geolu_ (_geolo_); see Sievers, 300; cp. G. _gelb_.

Ȝelpe, _sb._ boasting, S.

Ȝelpen, _v._ to boast, S; yelpe, C; yalp, _pt. s._, MD; yelp, MD.—AS. _gilpan_ (_gielpan_), pt. _gealp_ (pl. _gulpon_), pp. _golpen_.

Ȝelpynge, _sb._ boasting, Prompt.

Ȝeman, _sb._ youth, servant, MD; see Ȝoman.

Ȝemanry, _sb._ yeomanry, B.

Ȝeme, _sb._ care, S, S2, G; yeme, HD; geme, S.—AS. _géme_ (in compounds), _gýme_.

Ȝeme-leas, _adj._ careless, S: ȝemeles, S.—AS. _gémeléas_.

Ȝemeleaste, _sb._ carelessness, S; ȝemeleste, S; ȝemeles, S.—AS. _gémelést_, _gýmeléast_.

Ȝemen, _v._ to care for, to heed, S, HD, S2, S3; yemen, S, G; yem, S2; ȝiemeð, _pr. s._, S; yhemes, _pl._, S2; ȝemed, _pt. s._, S2; ȝemedd, _pp._, S; ȝemmde, _pl._, S.—AS. _géman_, (_gýman_); cp. Icel. _geyma_, mutated form from Icel. _gaumr_, heed, attention; see Sievers, 21. See Gome.

Ȝemer, _adj._ sad, MD; yemer, S; ȝeomer, S; ȝomere, _adv._, S.—AS. _géomer_.

Ȝe-meten, _v._ to meet, S; i-meten, to find, S: y-mete, S; ȝe-met, _pr. s._, S; i-metten, _pt. pl._, S; y-mette, _pp._, C2, PP.—AS. _ge-métan_, pt. s. _gemétte_. See Meten.

Ȝemsall, _sb._ keeping, B. See Ȝemen.

Ȝene, _v._ to reply, S; see Geȝnen.

Ȝeode, _pt. s._ went, S, PP; ȝede, PP, S, S2; ȝeid, S2, S3; ȝude, S2; yede, S, S2, S3, C3; yhode, S2; yod, S2; yheden, _pl._, S2 (s.v. _forth-_).—AS. _ge-éode_. See Eode.

Ȝeolewe, _adj._ yellow, S; see Ȝelow.

Ȝeomer, _adj._ sad, S; see Ȝemer.

Ȝeorne, _adv._ eagerly, S, S2; see Ȝerne.

Ȝeornen, _v._ to yearn, desire, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝeoten, _v._ to pour, S; see Ȝeten.

Ȝep, _adj._ prompt, HD; see Ȝape.

Ȝer, _sb._ year, S, S2; see Ȝeer.

Ȝerd, _sb._ an enclosure, court, field, garden, W; yerd, S, C; ȝerde, G; ȝard, S3.—AS. _geard_: Goth. _gards_, house; cp. Lat. _hortus_; see Douse, p. 73. See Garth.

Ȝerde, _sb._ rod, stick, yard, staff, Prompt., W, S, S2, P; yerde, C2; yeorde, S; ȝerd, S2; ȝerdis, _pl._, W; ȝerden, _dat. pl._, S.—OMerc. _gerd_ (VP): Goth. _gazds_; cp. Lat. _hasta_; see Douse, p. 73.

Ȝe-redie, _adj._ ready, S; iredy, S2; ireadi, _adv._, S. See Redi.

Ȝerne, _v._ to run, S.—AS. _ge-ærnan_. See Rennen.

Ȝerne, _adv._ eagerly, S, S2, S3, PP; yerne, C3; ȝeorne, S, S2; ȝorne, HD; ȝierne, S; ȝern, S2.—AS. _georne_.

Ȝernen, _v._ to yearn, S, S2, PP; ȝeornen, S, S2; ȝirnen, S; ȝarnand, _pr. p._, S2; ȝirnde, _pt. s._, S; ȝornde, S; ȝyrnden, _pl._, S2; i-ȝirnd, _pp._, S; yȝyrned, S2.—AS. _geornan_, also _gyrnan_; see Sievers, 79.

Ȝernful, _adj._ desirous, MD: ȝeornful, S.

Ȝerning, _sb._ desire, MD; yornyng, S3; yherninges, _pl._, S2.—AS. _geornung_.

Ȝernliche, _adv._ diligently, MD; ȝeornliche, S.—AS. _geornlice_.

Ȝerre, _sb._ outcry, loud lament, WA.—Cp. AS. _georran_, to make a noise.

Ȝe-sceaft, _sb._ creature; ȝesceafte, _dat._, S.—AS. _ge-sceaft_. Cf. Schaft.

Ȝe-sceapen, _v._ to create, MD; ȝescop, _pt. s._, S; ȝesceop, S; ȝescepe, _pp._, S.

Ȝe-sceod, _sb._ distinction, difference, discrimination, reason, S; ȝescod, S.—AS. _ge-scéad_, _ge-scád_. See Scheden.

Ȝescung, _sb._ covetousness, S; see Ȝiscunge.

Ȝe-secðe, _sb._ sight, S; see I-sihðe.

Ȝet, _conj._ yet, S, S2; giet, S; gæt, S; ȝiet, S; yete, S; ȝeiet, S; ȝut, S, S2, P; ȝete, S; ȝette, S; ȝute, S, S2; yhit, S2; ȝit, W; ȝhit, S3; yit, C2, C3; yet, C3; ȝyt, S2; get, S.—AS. _get_.

Ȝeten, _v._ to pour, MD; ȝeoten, MD, S; ȝett, WA, Cath.; ȝeat, _pt. s._, S; ȝet, S; ȝoten, _pp._, PP; ȝotun, molten, W2; ȝeten, PP.—AS. _géotan_, pt. _géat_ (pl. _guton_), pp. _goten_: Goth. _giutan_; cp. Lat. _fundo_ (for _fu-d-no_); see Douse, p. 112.

Ȝeten, _v._ to say yea, to grant, S; ȝaten, MD; ȝettien, S, MD; ȝettede, _pt. s._, S; ȝetede, S; ȝette, S; i-ȝette, S; gatte, S, MD; gat, MD; gatten, _pl._, S; gett, _pp._, S2.—AS. _géatan_, pt. s. _géatte_ (pl. _géatton_); cp. Icel. _játa_, to say yea, confess, grant, see Fick, 7. 243. See Ȝea.

Ȝett, _sb._ gate, S3; ȝet, B; see Gate.

Ȝeu, Ȝew, _pron._ you, S; see Ȝou.

Ȝe-wealden, _v._ to control, MD; ȝe-wold, _pt. subj. pl._, S.—AS. _ge-wealdan_. See Welden.

Ȝe-wer, _adv._ everywhere, S.—AS. _ge-hwǽr_.

Ȝe-winne, _v._ to contend, S.—AS. _ge-winnan_.

Ȝeyn, _prep._ and _prefix_, against, in comparison with; ȝæn, S.—AS. _gegn_; cp. Icel. _gegn_.

Ȝeynbowght, _pt. s._ redeemed, HD; see Biggen.

Ȝeyncome, _sb._ return, HD.

Ȝeynsey, _v._ to gainsay; ȝeinseye, SkD.

Ȝha, _adv._ yea, S3: ȝhe, W; see Ȝea.

Ȝhis, _adv._ yes, W; see Ȝis.

Ȝicchen, _v._ to itch, MD; ȝitchinge, _pr. p._, W.—AS. _giccan_, also _gyccan_ (see OET): OHG. _juochen_: OTeut. *_jukkjan_.

Ȝielde, _sb._ a payment, S; see Ȝeld.

Ȝierne, _adv._ eagerly, S; see Ȝerne.

Ȝiet, _conj._ yet, S; see Ȝet.

Ȝif, _conj._ if, S, S2, G, H; ȝiff, S; ȝyf, S2; yif, S; gif, S2; yf, S; gief, S; ȝief, S; gef, S; ȝef, S, S2; yef, S, S2; ef, S, C2; geue, S3; gife, S3, H.—AS. _gif_ = _ge_ + _if_ (cp. Icel. _ef_, and OIcel. _if_, if): Goth. _jabai_; see Brugmann, § 123.

Ȝife, _sb._ gift, grace, S; giue, S; gyue, S; gife, S; ȝieue, S; gief, S.—AS. _gifu_.

Ȝift, _sb._ gift, PP; ȝyft, S2; yefte, S; yifte, C3; ȝiftes, _pl._, PP; ȝeftes, S; yeftes, S; ȝiftus, S2; yiftes, C3.—Icel. _gipt_.

Ȝimmes, _sb. pl._ gems, jewels, S; ȝymmes, WA.—AS. _gim_; Lat. _gemma_; see Sievers, 69. See Gemme.

Ȝim-stones, _sb. pl._ jewels, S.—AS. _gim-stán_.

Ȝing, _adj._ young, S3, G; see Ȝong.

Ȝirnan, _v._ to desire, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝis, _adv._ yes, MD; ȝys, Prompt.; yis, C2; ȝus, PP, S2; ȝhis, W.—AS. _gese_ for _géa_ + the particle _-se_, _-si_ (for Goth. _sai_, OHG. _sé_, behold); see Sievers, 338.

Ȝiscare, _sb._ covetous person, S; ȝitsere, MD; ȝietceres, _pl._, S.—AS. _gítsere_.

Ȝiscen, _v._ to covet, desire, MD.—AS. _gítsian_, _gídsian_; cp. Goth. _gaidw_, want; see Sievers, 198, 205.

Ȝiscunge, _sb._ covetousness, S; ȝescung, S; ȝitsunge, MD.—AS. _gítsung_.

Ȝister-, _adj._ yester-, MD.—AS. _geostra_, _gystra_: Goth. _gistra_.

Ȝister-dai, yesterday, W2; yistirday, PP.

Ȝister-evin, yester-eve, S3.

Ȝit, _conj._ yet, W; see Ȝet.

Ȝiu, you, S; see Ȝou.

Ȝiuen, _v._ to give, S, S2, PP; ȝifenn, S; ȝyue, W, S2; gyuen, S; geuen, S; ȝeuen, S, S2, S3; ȝefen, S; yiuen, C2; yeuen, S; ȝeouen, S; ȝieuen, S; ȝefue, S; ȝiefe, S; ȝief, S; geyff, S3; yef, _imp. s._, S; yif, S, S2; gif, S2; ȝeueþ, _pl._, S2; gifð, _pr. s._, S; yeft, S; yefþ, S2; gaf, _pt. s._, S, S2; ȝaf, S, S2, G; ȝæf, S; ȝifuen, _pl._, S; yaf, S, C2; iaf, S; ȝiaf, S; gef, S; ȝef, S, S2; gaiff, S3; yafe, S3; ȝaue, S2; ȝeue, _pl._, S2; ȝauen, W; iafen, S; iauen, S; geuen, _pp._, S; gyuen, S; ȝiuen, S; yiuen, C2; iiuen, S; iȝiue, S; yeuen, S2, C2; y-ȝeue, S2, G; ȝouen, S2; ȝouun, S2, W; iȝiue, S, S2.—AS. _gifan_, pt. _geaf_ (pl. _géafon_), pp. _gifen_; see Sievers, 391.

Ȝiuer, _adj._ greedy, MD; ȝiure, S.—AS. _gífre_; cp. G. _geifer_, drivel.

Ȝoill-evyn, _sb._ Yule-even, Christmas eve, B. See Ȝole.

Ȝok, _sb._ yoke, W, W2; ȝockis, _pl._, W, W2.—AS. _geoc_: Goth. _juk_; cp. Lat. _iŭgum_, Gr. ζυγόν; see Brugmann, § 133.

Ȝolde, _pp._ paid, W; see Ȝelden.

Ȝole, _sb._ Yule, Christmas, HD, SkD.—AS. _géola_; cp. Goth. _jiuleis_, Grimm, p. 702; see Sievers, 220.

Ȝoman, _sb._ a youth, MD, Cath.; ȝeman, MD; yeman, servant, retainer, C; ȝemen, _pl._, HD, PP; ȝoumen, PP.

Ȝomere, _adv._ sadly, S; see Ȝemer.

Ȝomerly, _adj._ sad, S2.—AS. _géomorlic_.

Ȝon, _adj._ yon, MD, PP; ȝone, PP, S2.—AS. _geon_, (SkD); cp. Goth. _jains_; see Sievers, 338, and Brugmann, § 123.

Ȝond, _prep._ through, MD; ȝeond, S; ȝont, S; ȝeon, S.

Ȝond, _adv._ yonder, there, MD, S3; yond, S2, C2; ȝonde, PP.

Ȝonde, _used as adj._ yon, PP; yond, S2, S3, Sh.—AS. _geond_, through, also yonder.

Ȝonder, _adv._ yonder, G; _used as adj._, PP.

Ȝong, _adj._ young, S, S2, S3, W, PP; ȝung, S; ȝonge, G; yonge, S, C2; yunge, S; ȝyng, S3; gunge, S; iunge, S; yhung, S2; ying, S3, G; ȝing, S3, G; yonger, _comp._, S; ȝeunger, S; ȝungre, S; gungest, _superl._, S; gunkeste, S; ȝongost, S2; ȝongest, G.—AS. _geong_: Goth. _juggs_ (for _jungs_); cp. Lat. _iuuencus_; see Kluge (s.v. _jugend_).

Ȝonghede, _sb._ youth, MD; yonghede, S, CM; ȝunghede, MD.

Ȝonglyng, _sb._ young man, disciple, MD, W; iunglenges, _pl._, S.

Ȝongthe, _sb._ youth, W; ȝungthe, HD, Prompt.; youngth, S3.

Ȝop, _adj._ bold, HD; see Ȝape.

Ȝore, _adv._ formerly, S2, G; yore, S2, S3, C2: ȝare, S.—AS. _geára_, for _géara_, gen. pl. of _géar_. See Ȝeer.

Ȝorle, _sb._ earl, HD; see Erl.

Ȝornde, _pt. s._ yearned, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝoskinge, _sb._ sobbing, WA; ȝyxynge, Prompt.—Cp. AS. _giscian_ (BT).

Ȝotun, _pp._ molten, W2; see Ȝeten.

Ȝou, _pron. pl. acc._ and _dat._ you, S, S2, W, PP; ȝow, S2, G, PP; yow, S, C2; ȝew, S; ȝeu, S; ȝuw, S; ȝiu, S; giu, S; gu, S; ow, S, S2; ou, S, S2; eu, S; eou, S; eow, S.—AS. _éow_. See also Ȝe.

Ȝoulen, _v._ to howl, cry, MD; goulen, S, S2; ȝaulen, MD; yawle, HD; gowland, _pr. p._, S3.—Icel. _gaula_.

Ȝoure, _pron. pl. gen._ of you (also _poss. pron._, your), S; eouwer, S; æoure, S; ȝure, S; ȝiure, S; ȝowre, PP; eure, S; gur, S; ȝeur, S; ower, S; oure, S2; our, S; ore, S2; or, S2; youres, C2.—AS. _éowre_, gen. of _éow_, you. See Ȝe.

Ȝou-selue, yourselves, S; ȝou-silf, W; ȝow-seluen, PP; ȝow-self, PP; ow-seolf, S; ow-seoluen, S; ou-suluen, S.

Ȝouthe, _sb._ youth, PP, S2; youthe, C2; ȝowthe, PP; yowthe, S2; yhouthe, S2; yhowthe, S2; ȝieuð, S; ȝuheðe, S; ȝuȝeðe, S.—AS. _geoguð_, _guguð_, _iuguð_; see Sievers, 74.

Ȝouthede, _sb._ youth, MD; youthede, MD; guðhede, S.—AS. _geoguðhád_.

Ȝouen, _pp._ of Ȝiuen.

Ȝowle, _sb._ Yule, HD; see Ȝole.

Ȝoȝelinge, _sb._ guggling noise, S.

Ȝude, _pt. s._ went, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝuheðe, _sb._ youth, S; see Ȝouthe.

Ȝus, _adv._ yes, S2; see Ȝis.

Ȝut, _conj._ yet, S, S2, P; see Ȝet.

Ȝyng, _adj._ young, S3; see Ȝong.

_The subdivision of T, U/V, and W, and the format of their headers, is as in the original. Note that Th includes Þ._

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

This section is included for completeness. All changes have been made in the text. Corrections are marked with mouse-hover popups, while additions are shown as outlined paragraphs.

A, _prep._ of, S2, S3, PP; see Of.

A, _adv._ ever, S; aa, S; a buten, ever without, S; see O.

Accompt, _sb._ account, S3; see Acounte.

Accompted, _pp._ accounted, S3; see Acounte.

Ace, _sb._ a jot, S3; see As.

Addledd, _pp._ earned, S; see Adlen.

Æn, _num._ and _indef. art._ one, S; ænne, S; see Oon.

Æness, _adv._ once, S; see Oones.

Afingret, _pp._ an-hungered, NED, HD; see Of-hungred.

Afyrst, _pp._ athirst, PP; afurst, PP; afrust, PP; see Of-þurst.

Agreþed, _pp._ made ready, S2; see A-graythen.

Ah, _pr. s._ owes (as a duty), S; ahen, _pr. pl._, are obliged, S; see Owen.

Aht, _sb._ aught, anything; ahte, S; ahct, S; see Ought.

Ak, _sb._ oak, Voc.; akis, _pl._, S3; see Ook.

Akennet, _pp._ born, S; see A-cennen.

Almain. _For_ almain-lean _read_ almain-leap.

Anaunter, for an aunter, a chance, S2; see Auenture.

Ande, _sb._ breath, H; see Onde.

Anfald, _adj._ single, simple, S, HD; see Oone-fold.

Anhed, _sb._ unity, H; see Oonhed.

Anleth. For _v._ read _sb._

Anwalde, _sb. dat._ power, S; anwolde, S; see On-wald.

Are, _sb._ oar, MD; see Ore.

Athamaunte, _sb._ adamant, C; see Adamant.

Atteir, _sb._ attire, S3; see Atyre.

Aual, _imp. s._ fell, cause to fall, S; see A-fallen.

Auhte, _pt. s._ ought, S; aucte, owned, S; see Owen.

Auote, _adv._ on foot, S2; see A-fote.

Autorite, _sb._ authority, C; see Auctoritee.

Autour, _sb._ author, S3; see Auctour.

Aw-; see Au-.

Aynd, _sb._ breath, B; see Onde.

Aynding, _sb._ smelling, B; see Onding.

Ayr, _sb._ oar, B; see Ore.

Belde, _adj._ big, blustering, S; see Bold.

Belt, _pp._ built, S3; see Bilden.

Beode, _v._ to pray, S; see Bidden.

Bersten, _v._ to burst, S, C; see Bresten.

Betaken, _v._ to betoken, S2; see Bi-toknen.

Bi-healde, _v._ to behold; bihalden, S2; see Bi-holden.

Bilæde, _pt. s._ enclosed, S; see Bi-leggen.

Bilæuen, _v._ to remain, S; see Bi-leuen.

Billet, _sb._ a piece of firewood; byllets, _pl._, S3 (26. 785).

Binam, Binom; _pt. s._ of Bi-nimen.

Bi-soȝte, _pt. s._ of Bi-sechen.

Bituhhe, _prep._ between, S; see Bi-twiȝe.

Blane (_for_ blan), _pt. s._ of Bi-linnen.

Blynke. _For_ sie _read_ see.

Bod, _pt. s._ waited, S2; bode, waited for, S2; see Biden.

Bounden, _pp._ bound, S, C2; see Binden.

Breas, _sb._ brass, S; see Bras.

Breggid, _pt. s._ shortened, W; see Abregge.

Bulde, _pt. s._ built, C; see Bilden.

Bye, _v._ to buy, S2; by, C3; see Biggen.

Camel. The regular OF. equivalent for Lat. _camēlum_ was _chameil_. In OF. _camel_ the termination _-el_ is due to analogy with French forms derived from _-ālem_. See BH, § 43.

Canoun. Church Lat. _canonicus_ did not mean originally ‘one on the church-roll or list,’ but one who was bound to observe a certain rule of life (_canon_, κανών). OF. _chanoine_ is not the precise equivalent of _canonicum_, but represents a Latin type *_canonium_. See Scheler’s Dict. (ed. 3).

Cherche, _sb._ church, S2, C3; see Chirche.

Clomben, _pp._ climbed, C; see Climben.

Daw, _sb._ day, S2; see Day.

Deburs, _v._ disburse, pay, S3; see Disburse.

Dedeyn, _sb._ disdain, W, H; see Disdeyn.

Degyset, _pp._ disguised, S2; see Disgysen.

Deserited. For Desheriten, read Disheriten.

Dide, _pt. s._ did, caused, put, S; see Don.

Dilitable, _adj._ delightful, S2; see Delitable.

Diuise, _v._ to tell of, describe, S2; see Deuisen.

Druiȝest, _2 pr. s._ art dry, S2; see Drye.

Dunt, _sb._ blow, S, S2; see Dent.

Effnenn, _v._ to make equal or even, S; see Euenen.

Ernes. A derivation of this word from the French has not been proved.—OF. _ernes_ does not exist.