Chapter 22

I-woned, _pp._ accustomed, S, S2; y-woned, S2; i-wuned, S; woned, S, S3; wont, S3; wunt, S2; woonted, S3.—AS. _ge-wunod_, pp. of _ge-wunian_, to dwell, to be accustomed. See Wonen.

I-wune, _sb._ custom, S.—AS. _ge-wuna_. Cf. Wone.

I-wurðen, _v._ to become, to happen, S; i-worðe, S; y-worðe, P, S2; i-worðe, _pp._, S.—AS. _ge-weorðan_.

I (consonant).

[_For words in which initial_ I _is a vowel see under_ I (vowel) _above_.]

Iacynte, _sb._ jacinth, SkD; iacynct, SkD; jacint, Cotg.; iacinctus, W (Rev. 21. 20); jagounce, HD; iacynctis, _pl._, W2 (= Heb. tarshish).—OF. _jacinthe_ (Cotg.); Lat. _hyacinthus_ (Vulg.); Gr. ὑάκινθος (NT); cp. OF. _jagonce_.

Iagge, _v._ to jag, notch, Prompt., Palsg.; jag, HD; jaggede, _pt. s._, HD; jaggde, _pp. pl._, S3; jaggede, HD.

Iagge, _sb._ a jag of cloth, Prompt.

Ialous, _adj._ jealous, C2, C3.—OF. _jalous_; Late Lat. _zelōsum_, from Lat. _zelus_; Gr. ζῆλος, zeal.

Ialousye, _sb._ jealousy, PP, C2, C3; ielesye, PP.—OF. _jalousie_.

Iambeux, _sb. pl._ armour for the legs, C2, HD; giambeux, ND.—Cp. OF. _jambiere_, armour for a leg (Cotg.), from _jambe_, leg: It. _gamba_ (Florio).

Iane, _sb._ a small coin of Genoa, ND, C2, HD.—See Ducange (s.v. _januini_).

Iangle, _v._ to jangle, chatter, murmur, argue, quarrel, S2, PP, Sh., S3, C2, C3; gangle, SkD; iangland, _pr. p._, S2, H.—OF. _jangler_, to jest, mock (Bartsch).

Ianglere, _sb._ brawler, wrangler, W2; prater, chatterer, H; iangeler, story-teller, S2, PP; iangelere, Prompt.

Iape, _sb._ joke, jest, mockery, PP, S3, C2, C3, Prompt.; iapes, _pl._, S2.

Iapen, _v._ to jest, mock, play tricks, act the buffoon, PP, C2, C3; iapede, _pt. s._, S2.—OF. _japper_, to yapp (of dogs), Cotg.

Iaper, _sb._ jester, buffoon, PP, Prompt.; iapers, _pl._, S2.

Iargoun, _sb._ jargon, S2; jergon, SkD.—OF. _jargon_.

Iaunys, _sb._ the yellow disease, jaundice, S2, SkD, HD; iawnes, Cath., HD, Voc.; jaundys, Cath. (_n_); jandis, Voc.—OF. _jaunisse_, from _jaune_, _gaune_, yellow; Lat. _galbinum_, from _galbus_.

Ieaunt, _sb._ giant, PP, S2; see Geaunt.

Ielesye, _sb._ jealousy, PP; see Ialosye.

Ielofer, _sb._ gillyflower, S3; see Gerraflour.

Iemis, _sb. pl._ gems, S3; see Gemme.

Iennet, _sb._ a small Spanish horse, S3; see Genette.

Ient-man, _sb._ gentleman, S3. See Gent.

Ieoperdie, _sb._ jeopardy, S3; see Iupartie.

Ierkin, _sb._ jerkin, jacket, S3.—Cp. Du. _jurk_, a frock.

Iesseraunt, _sb._ a coat or cuirass of fine mail, HD; gesserant, S3; gesseron, S3.—OF. _jazerant_ (Ducange), _jazeran_, _iaseran_ (Cotg.), _jazerenc_ (Roland); cp. It. _ghiazzerino_ (Florio).

Iette, _sb._ jet, SkD; jet, SkD; geet, C; geete, Prompt.; gett, Prompt.—OF. _jet_, _jaet_; Lat. _gagatem_. See Gagates.

Iette, _sb._ fashion, custom, PP, Palsg.; gette, Palsg.; iutte, rude slight, S3; jet, a device, HD; get, Prompt., SkD (jet), C, C3.

Ietten, _v._ to throw out, to fling about the body, to strut about, SkD, Prompt., Palsg.; getten, Prompt.; ietting, _pr. p._, S3.—OF. _jetter_ (_getter_), _jecter_ (_gecter_); Lat. _iactare_, freq. of _iacĕre_, to throw.

Iewe, _sb._ Jew, PP; Iewes, _pl._, PP; Geus, S; Gius, S; Gyus, S.—AF. _Geu_, OF. _Jueu_, _Judeu_; Lat. _Iudæum_.

Iewise, _sb._; see Iuwise.

Iogelen, _v._ to juggle, play false, PP, Prompt.; iuglen, S3, SkD.

Iogelour, _sb._ buffoon, juggler, CM, C2, PP; ioguloure, Prompt., iogulor, deceiver, H; iuguler, Cath.; iuglur, S.—AF. _jugleör_; Lat. _ioculatorem_.

Ioie, _sb._ joy, S, C2; joye, S, S2, C2, PP.—AF. _joie_, OF. _goie_; Lat. _gaudia_, pl. of _gaudium_, rejoicing.

Ioien, _v._ to rejoice, W2, PP.

Ioist, _v._ to put out cattle to graze at a fixed rate, to agist cattle, HD, EDS (C. vi); jyst, EDS (C. xxvi); ioyst, _pp._, lodged (of cattle), S2.—OF. _gister_, to lodge, from _giste_, a place to lie in, a pp. form of _gesir_; Lat. _iacēre_, to lie; see NED (s.v. _agist_).

Iolif, _adj._ gay, merry, C, H, PP; iolef, S2; ioli, W2, PP; joly, C2.—AF. _jolyf_, _jolif_.

Iolifte, _sb._ amusement, enjoyment, joviality, H; iolitee, C2, C3.—OF. _jolivete_.

Iolily, _adv._ merrily, G.

Iolynesse, _sb._ festivity, C, C2.

Iorne, _sb._ journey, S2; jornay, S2; see Iourne.

Iouisaunce, _sb._ enjoyment, S3.—OF. _jouissance_ (Cotg.), from OF. _joïr_: Prov. _gaudir_; Lat. _gaudere_.

Iourne, _sb._ a day’s work or travel, PP; iornay, S2; jurneie, SkD; iourney, S3, C2; iornes, _pl._, S2; iournes, H (Ps. 22. 9).—OF. _jornee_, _journée_, a day, a day’s journey, a fixed day (cp. AF. _jorneie_, day on which a court is held); Low Lat. _jornata_, *_diurnata_, from Lat. _diurnus_.

Iousten, _v._ to approach, encounter, to joust, tilt, PP, CM; iusten, C3.—OF. _jouster_ (_joster_), _juster_; Late Lat. _juxtare_, to approach, from Lat. _iuxta_.

Iouster, _sb._ champion, PP.

Ioustes, _sb. pl._ tournaments, CM.—AF. _joustes_.

Ioutes, _sb. pl._ a food made from herbs, broth, P, HD, Prompt. (_n_); iowtes, _lap-pates_, Cath., Prompt. (_n_); iowtys, potage, Prompt.; jutes, Voc.; eowtus, Prompt. (_n_).—OF. _ioute_, ‘olera’ (Ps. 36. 2); Low Lat. _jūta_, ‘awilled meolc’ (Voc.); _jutta_ (Ducange); prob. of Celtic origin, cp. Breton _iot_, porridge, Wel. _uwd_, OIr. _íth_, see Rhys, Lectures on Welsh Philology, p. 7.

For other cognates of this wide-spread word, see Kluge (s.v. _jauche_). See also s.v. _käse_, where Kluge remarks that Icel. _ostr_, cheese, and Finnish _juusto_, cheese, are etymologically connected with G. _jauche_, and Latin _jus_.

Ioynen, _v._ to join, PP, C3; joyneaunt, _pr. p._, joining, S3.—OF. _joindre_ (pr. p. _joignant_); Lat. _iungere_.

Ioynturis, _sb. pl._ joinings, W; ioyntours, W.—OF. _jointure_; Lat. _iunctura_ (Vulg.).

Iuge, _sb._ judge, S2, Voc., C2, C3; jugge, C; jugges, _pl._, P; juges, S3.—AF. _juge_; Lat. _iudicem_.

Iugement, _sb._ judgment, S2, C2, C3; juggement, C.—AF. _jugement_.

Iugen, _v._ to judge, decide, PP; iugge, PP, CM.—OF. _juger_; Lat. _iudicare_.

Iugge-man, _sb._ judge, G.

Iuglen, _v._ to juggle, S3; see Iogelen.

Iuguler, _sb._ buffoon, Cath.; see Iogelour.

Iugulynge, _sb._ juggling, S3.

Iumpred, _sb._ mourning, S2.—AS. _géomer_ + _rǽden_. See Ȝemer.

Iunglenges, _sb. pl._, disciples, S; see Ȝonglyng.

Iupartie, _sb._ jeopardy, CM, C3; Ieoperdie, S3; jeobertie, HD.—OF. _jeu parti_, a divided game, a poetical discussion (Bartsch); Late Lat. _jocus partitus_ (Ducange).

Ius, _sb._ juice, S2, HD.—OF. _jus_; Lat. _ius_, broth.

Iusten, _v._ to joust, C3; see Iousten.

Iustlen, _v._ to jostle, push, S3.

Iutes, broth; see Ioutes.

Iutte, _sb._ a piece of scornful behaviour, S3; see Iette.

Iuuente, _sb._ youth, S2, PP.—OF. _jovente_ (Bartsch); Lat. _iuventa_.

Iuwise, _sb._ judgment, PP; iuwyse, CM, C; iewise, HD; iewis, PP; iuyse, C3; iuise, HD.—AF. _juise_; Lat. _iudicium_.

K.

K-; see also under C-.

Kacherel, _sb._ bailiff, S2; see Cacherel.

Kærf, _pt. s._ cut, carved, S; see Keruen.

Kairen, _v._ to go, P; see Kayren.

Kaiser, _sb._ Cæsar, emperor; cayser, MD; caysere, MD; caisere, MD; kaysere, S; kayser, S2; keiser, S; keysar, S3.—Cp. Goth. _kaisar_; Lat. _Caesar_.

Kale, _sb._ cabbage, cale, H; see Cole.

Karf, _pt. s._ cut, S; see Keruen.

Kateyl, _sb._ property, S2; see Catel.

Kayren, _v._ to go, move oneself, S2, MD; kairen, P; cair, to drive backward and forwards, JD.—Icel. _keyra_, to impel, drive.

Kechyn, _sb._ kitchen, S2; see Kuchene.

Kedde, _pt._ made known, S; see Kythen.

Kele, _v._ to cool, W, S2, H, PP.—AS. _célan_.

Keling, _sb._ a large kind of cod, MD, HD, S2 (s.v. _lobbe_); kelynge, MD; keeling, JD.—Cp. Icel. _keila_, ‘gadus.’

Kemben, _v._ to comb, S, C2, PP; kemyn, Prompt.; kempt, _pp._, MD.—AS. _cemban_. See Combe.

Kemelyn, _sb._ tub, CM.

Kempe, _sb._ warrior, S, MD, Cath.—AS. _cempa_, Icel. _kempa_: OHG. _chemphio_, also _kempho_ (Tatian); Late Lat. _campio_, from Lat. _campus_. See Camp.

Kempe, _adj._ shaggy, rough, C, CM; campe, C (p. 155), EETS (1).

Kempster, _sb. f._ flax-comber, Palsg.; kemster, Voc. See Kemben.

Ken, _sb. pl._ cows, S2; see Cow.

Kende, _adj._ natural, kind, S2; see Kynde.

Kende, _sb._ race, kind, S2; see Kynde.

Kendeliche, _adv._ naturally, S2; see Kyndely.

Kendlen, _v._; see Kindlen.

Kene, _adj._ bold, keen, sharp, Prompt., S, C2; keyn, MD; kenre, _comp._, MD; kennest, _superl._, MD.—AS. _céne_; OTeut. *_kōnī_; cp. OHG. _kuani_ (Otfrid), _chuoni_.

Kenne, _sb. dat._ kin, S, S2; see Kyn.

Kennen, _v._ to beget, engender, to bring forth, to be born, MD, PP; y-kend, _pp._, S2; kenned, MD.—AS. _cennan_, to beget, conceive, bring forth; OS. _kennian_, to beget, causal from OTeut. root KAN, to generate, see Kluge (s.v. _kina_).

Kennen, _v._ to show, declare, teach, S2, PP, SkD (s.v. _ken_), Prompt., H; kende, _pt. s._, S2.—AS. _cennan_, to make to know: Goth. _kannjan_ = *_kannian_, causal of OTeut. KANN, base of *KONNAN, to know.

Kennen, _v._ to know, SkD. (s.v. _ken_); ken, S3, JD; kend, _pt. pl._, S3; kend, _pp._, S3.—Icel. _kenna_, to know. See above.

Keoruen, _v._ to carve, S; see Keruen.

Kepe, _sb._ heed, S2, S3, C2; kep, S3.

Kepen, _v._ to keep, mark, observe, regard, S, S2, S3, C2; keped, _pt. s._, S2; kipte, S2.—AS. _cépan_, later form of _cýpan_ (= _céapian_), see Sievers, 97.

AS. _cépan_, to keep, should be kept quite distinct from AS. _cýpan_, to sell. AS. _cýpan_ is the phonetic representative of OTeut. _kaupjan_, whereas _cépan_, to keep, represents an OTeut. *_kōpjan_. Cp. E. _keen_, the representative of AS. _céne_, OTeut. *_kōni_ (G. _kühn_). See Kluge’s note in P. & B. Beiträge, viii. 538.

Keppen, _sb. pl._ caps, S; see Cappe.

Kernel, _sb._ a loophole in a fortress, a battlement, PP; crenelle, HD; kyrnellis, _pl._, S3; kirnelis, PP.—OF. _crenel_, from _cren_ (_cran_), a notch; Lat. _crena_.

Kerneled, _adj._ furnished with battlements, P.

Kertel, _sb._; see Kirtel.

Keruen, _v._ to carve, MD, Prompt., S, C2; keoruen, MD, S; cærf, _pt. s._, MD; kærf, S; kerf, MD; karf, MD, S; carf, C2; curuen, _pl._, MD; coruen, _pp._, MD, S3, C; icoruen, S3; y-coruen, S3, C3; y-koruen, C2; i-koruen, S; kerued, S3.—AS. _ceorfan_, pt. _cearf_ (pl. _curfon_), pp. _corfen_.

Kesse, _v._ to kiss, S, C2; see Cussen.

Keste, _v._ to cast, S2; see Casten.

Kete, _adj._ bold, lively, gay, powerful, MD, S2, PP; ket, irascible, JD.—Cp. Icel. _kátr_, merry, Dan. _kaad_.

Kete-lokes, _sb. pl._ trefoil, H; see Cat-cluke.

Keuel, _sb._ a bit for a horse, a gag, a small piece of wood used in casting lots, MD, H, S; kevyl, Prompt.; cavel, JD; kevelles, _pl._, MD; caflis, MD, JD.—Icel. _kefli_.

Keueren, _v._ to recover one’s health, MD, PP; keuord, _pt. s._, H; see Coveren.

Keueringe, _sb._ recovery, S2.

Keye, _sb._ key; kay, MD; cays, _pl._, MD; keis, S; keiȝes, S2.—AS. _cæg_.

Kidde, _pt. s._ made known, S, P; _pp._, S; kid, S; see Kythen.

Kidnere, _sb._ kidney, SkD; kydney, Voc.—Icel. _kviðr_, belly + _nýra_, kidney. See Nere.

Kien, _sb. pl._ cows, W2; see Cow.

Kiken, _v._ to kick, MD, W; kycke, Palsg.—Cp. _kiken_, _kiksen_ in G. dialects.

Kime, _sb._ coming, S.—AS. _cyme_. See Come.

Kindle, _sb._ offspring, brood, MD; kundel, MD; kyndlis, _pl._, MD.

Kindlen, _v._ to bear young, S; kyndlyn, Prompt.; kendlen, MD; kundlen, MD; i-kindled, _pp._, S. See Kynde.

Kindlen, _v._ to set fire to, MD; kyndlen, C; kinlen, MD.

Kine- (used in compounds), royal; see below.—AS. _cyne_.

Kine-boren, _adj._ of royal birth, MD; kineborne, S.—AS. _cyne-boren_.

Kine-dom, _sb._ kingdom, MD, S, S2.—AS. _cyne-dóm_.

Kine-helm, _sb._ royal helmet, crown, MD.—AS. _cyne-helm_.

Kine-lond, _sb._ kingdom, S, MD.

Kine-merk, _sb._ royal mark; kynemerk, S.

Kine-riche, _sb._ kingdom, rule, MD; cynerice, S.—AS. _cyne-ríce_.

Kine-scrud, _sb._ royal robes, S.

Kine-stol, _sb._ throne, S.—AS. _cynestól_.

Kine-þeod, _sb._ subjects of a king, MD.

Kine-wurðe, _adj._ royal, S, MD.

Kine-ȝerde, _sb._ sceptre, MD.—AS. _cyne-gerd_ (Voc.).

King, _sb._ king, MD, S; kyng, S; kyngene, _pl. gen._, S2, PP.—AS. _cyning_: OS. _kuning_.

Kingdom, _sb._ kingdom, MD.

Kinghed, _sb._ Kingship, PP.

King-riche, _sb._ kingdom, S, MD; kingrike, S2; kyngrike, H; kyngriche, P.

Kipte, _pt. s._ received, S2; see Kepen.

Kirke, _sb._ church, S, S2, P; see Chirche.

Kirnel, _sb._ loop-hole, PP; see Kernel.

Kirtel, _sb._ kirtle, a short gown or petticoat, tunic, S3, P, CM; kurtel, S; cortel, MD; kirrtell, MD; kirtil, H; kyrtyl, S2; kertel, MD; kirtel, S3, P; curtel, MD.

Kist, _sb._ chest, coffin, MD; cyst, Voc.; kyst, S2; kiste, S2; kyste, S2, PP; cyste, _munificentia_, Voc.; chist, MD.—AS. _cist_; Lat. _cista_; Gr. κίστη.—Cf. Chest.

Kith, _sb._ one’s country, PP; see Kyth.

Kithen, _v._ to make known, S, S2; see Kythen.

Kithing, _sb._ telling, S2.

Kitlen, _v._ to tickle; kittle, HD, JD; kytlys, _pr. s._, S3. See below.

Kitlynge, _sb._ tickling, H; kitellynge, MD, HD.—AS. _kitelung_, ‘titillatio’ (Voc.).

Kitoun, _sb._ kitten, P; kyton, PP.

Kitte, _pt. s._ cut, S2, C2, C3; kittide, W; see Kutten.

Kitte-pors, _sb._ thief, PP; see Cut-purs.

Kittingis, _sb. pl._ cuttings, W.

Kleþing, _sb._ clothing, S2. See Cloth.

Knack, _sb._ a snap, crack, a jester’s trick, a trifle, toy, SkD, MD; knakkes, _pl._, CM; knackes, S3.

Knaing, _sb._ knowing, acquaintance, S2; see Knowen.

Knap, _v._ to snap, break with a noise, SkD; _imp. s._, strike (the bell), S3.—Cp. G. _knappen_, to crack.

Knappes, _sb. pl._ knobs, S2, P; see Knoppe.

Knarre, _sb._ a knot in wood, SkD (s.v. _gnarled_), C, CM.—Cp. MDu. _cnorre_, Du. _knor_, a knurl.

Knarry, _adj._ full of knots, C.

Knaue, _sb._ a boy-baby, boy, servant, knave, S, S2, C2; cnafe, MD; cnaue, MD.—AS. _cnafa_; cp. OHG. _chnabe_ (G. _knabe_).

Knaue-child, _sb._ a male child, W.

Knawe, _v._ to know, S2; see Knowen.

Knawen, _pp._ gnawed, S3; see Gnawen.

Kne, _sb._ knee, S, S2; cneowe, _dat._, S; cnouwe, S; knes, _pl._, S; kneon, S; knowes, C2, P.—AS. _cnéow_ (_cnéo_).

Kneden, _v._ to knead, Voc., Palsg.; cneden, S, MD; knodyn, _pp._, MD; knodon, Prompt.; kned, CM; knodden, HD.—AS. _cnedan_, pp. _cnoden_ (_cneden_), see SkD.

Knelen, _v._ to kneel, S; knely, S2; kneolen, PP; knewlen, _pr. pl._, PP.—Cp. Low G. _knélen_.

Knelyng, _sb._ kneeling, PP; cnelinng, S; knewelyng, S.

Kneon, _sb. pl._ knees, S; see Kne.

Knippen, _v._ to nip, break off the edge; nippen, SkD; nyppen, PP; knyp, _pp._, S3.—Cp. Du. _knippen_, to crack, snap.

Kniȝt, _sb._ knight, soldier, armed retainer, S, S2; knict, S; knyht, S; knyght, C3; cnihtes, _pl._, S; knictes, S; knyhtes, S; knyȝtis, W, W2; kniȝtes, S; cnihten, S.—AS. _cniht_; cp. OHG. _kneht_, ‘puer’ (Tatian), ‘miles, discipulus’ (Otfrid).

Kniȝten, _v._ to knight, S.

Kniȝthod, _sb._ knighthood, S; knyghthode, _dat._, C2; knighthede, C; knyȝthod, army, warfare, W, W2.

Knoppe, _sb._ knob, buckle, bud, MD, Prompt., Cath., Palsg., S3; knobbe, C; knappes, _pl._, S2, P; knoppes, CM, PP.—Cp. Dan. _knop_.

Knopped, _adj._ full of knobs, S3.

Knotte, _sb._ knot, C2, PP, Prompt., S3.—AS. _cnotta_.

Knowen, _v._ to know, MD; knawe, S2; cnawen, S; knaa, HD; cnoweð, _pr. s._, S; kneuȝ, _pt. s._, S2; knewen, _pl._, S; i-cnawen, _pp._, S; ȝe-cnowe, S; y-cnowen, S3; y-knowe, S2; knowun, W; cnowen, S2; knawen, S2; knawin, S3.—AS. _cnáwan_, pt. _cnéow_, pp. _cnáwen_.

Knowes, _sb. pl._ knees, C2, P; see Kne.

Knowleche, _sb._ knowledge, MD; knouleche, acquaintance (= Lat. _notos_), W; knawlache, MD; knawlage, MD; knowlych, S2. See -leȝȝc.

Knowlechen, _v._ to acknowledge, S2, W2, P; cnawlechen, MD; knouleche, W; knoulechide, _pt. s._, W; knowlechiden, _pl._, W.

Knowleching, _sb._ the acknowledging, C3; cnawlechunge, S; knaulechynge, S2; knowleching, C3; knoulechyng, W2.

Knucche, _sb._ small bundle, MD, Cath. (_n_); knyche, Cath.; knitch, JD; knytchis, _pl._, W.—Cp. G. _knocke_ (Kluge).

Knytten, _v._ to knit, bind, Prompt., S2, C3, PP; knutte, _pt. s._, MD; knette, MD; knitte, C3; knyt, _pp._, MD; knit, C2.—AS. _cnyttan_. See Knotte.

Ko, _pt. s._ quoth, S3; see Koth.

Kokewolde, _sb._ cuckold, P; see Cokewold.

Kole-plantes, _sb. pl._ cabbages, P; see Cole.

Kollen, _v._ to embrace, S2; see Collen.

Kon, _pt. pr._ can, S; see Kunnen.

Konning, _sb._ skill, C2; see Conning.

Konyng, _sb._ cony, rabbit, S; see Conyng.

Koth, _pt. s._ quoth, S3; cothe, MD; see Queðen.

Koude, _pt. s._ knew, W2; see Kunnen.

Kouren, _v._ to cower, S2; couren, MD.—Icel. _kúra_, to sit quiet; cp. G. _kauern_, see Weigand.

Kourte-by, _sb._ short coat, P; see Courte-py.

Kouthe, _pt. s._ could, S; _pp._ S2; see Kunnen.

Kraghan, _sb._ burnt grass = _cremium_, dry fire-wood, H; crakan, Cath.—Cp. North.E. _crack_, to make a noise (JD).

Krake, _sb._ crow, H; crake, Cath.; krakis, _pl._, H.—Icel. _krákr_.

Kremelen, _v._ to anoint with oil or fat; kremelyd, _pp._, MD; see Cremelen.

Krike, _sb._ creek, S; see Crike.

Krune, _sb._ crown, S; see Corone.

Ku, _sb._ cow, S; see Cow.

Kuchene, _sb._ kitchen, S; kychene, MD; kechyn, S2; kychens, _pl._, S3.—AS. _cycene_.

Kud, _pp._ made known, S2; i-kud, S; see Kunnen.

Kudde, _pt. s._ made known, S2; kude, _pl._, S; see Kunnen.

Kude, _pt. pl._ could, S; see Kunnen.

Kueade, _adj. dat._ bad, S2; see Quad.

Kulle, _v._ to strike, to kill, P, MD; kylle, Cath.; kyllyn, Prompt.; colen, MD; culle, P.—The word means properly to knock on the head; cp. Norweg. _kylla_, to poll, to cut the shoots off trees, from _koll_, the top, head; Icel. _kollr_, head, crown.

Kumen, _v._ to come, S; see Comen.

Kun, _v._ to get to know, to learn, H; see Conne.

Kun, _sb._ kin, S2; kunnes, _gen._, S2; kunne, _dat._, S, S2; see Kyn.

Kunde, _adj._ natural, kind, S2; see Kynde.

Kunde, _sb._ kind, race, nature, S2; see Kynde.

Kundel, _sb._ offspring, MD.

Kundite, _sb._ a conduit, S3; see Conduit.

Kunes-men, _sb. pl._ kinsmen, S, S2; see Kynes-man.

Kunnen, _v._ to know, to know how, to be able, S, S3, W2, CM; cunnen, S, S2; conne, S, S3, P; cun, H; con, _pt. pr._, S; kon, S; can, S, S2; kan, S, S2; con, can, _used as auxil._, S2; canstu, _2 pr. s._, with _pron._, S; canstow, S2; cuðe, _pt. s._, S; kuðe, S; couthe, S, S2, S3; cowthe, G; couȝðe, S2; cuth, S2; coude, S2; cowde, G; koude, W2; couȝde, S2; kouthen, _pl._, S; kude, S; cuð, _pp._, S (17 b. 161); kuð, S; couth, C2; couðe, S2; kouthe, S2.—AS. _cunnan_, pt. _cúðe_, pp. _cúð_ (used as adj.).

Kun-rede, _sb._ kindred, S; see Kynrede.

Kuppe, _sb._ cup, S; see Cuppe.

Kussen, _v._ to kiss, S; see Cussen.

Kut, _sb._ lot, a cut twig, H; see Cut.

Kuth, _sb._ kith, friends, PP.

Kuðe, _pt. s._, could, knew, S; see Kunnen.

Kutthe, country, PP; see Kyth.

Kuþþes, _sb. pl._ manners, S2, HD, MD; see Kyth.

Kutten, _v._ to cut, MD, CM; kitt, MD; kut, _pt. s._, MD; kitte, S2, C2, C3; kittide, W, MD; ketten, _pl._, P; kyt, _pp._, W; kit, W.

Kuueren, _v._ to recover one’s health, S2; see Coveren.

Kuynde, _adj._ natural, S2, PP; see Kynde.

Kwene, _sb._ queen, S; see Quene.

Ky, _sb. pl._ cows, S3; see Cow.

Kychen, _sb._ kitchen, S3; see Kuchene.

Kyn, _sb. pl._ cows, S2, C; see Cow.

Kyn, _sb._ kin, kind, generation, S, W, MD; kun, S2; kin, S, S2, C2; cun, MD, S; kunnes, _gen._, S2; cunne, _dat._, S; kunne, S, S2; kenne, S, S2; kynne, P.—AS. _cynn_: OS. _kunni_, OHG. _kunni_ (Otfrid): Goth. _kuni_: from Teut. base *KONYA, from root KAN.

Kynde, _adj._ natural, kind, S2, S3, P; kunde, S2, MD; cunde, MD; kinde, S; kende, S2, PP; kuynde, S2, PP.—AS. _cynde_.

Kynde, _sb._ kind, nature, race, children, natural disposition, PP, S2, S3, C2, C3, W; kunde, S2; cunde, S; kinde, S. S2; kende, S2; kynd, S3.—AS. (_ge_)_cynd_.

Kyndely, _adj._ natural, kindly, MD; kyndli, W; kyndly, Cath.; kundeliche, MD.—AS. _cyndelic_.

Kyndely, _adv._ naturally, kindly, S2; kyndli, W; kindely, S2; kindelike, S; kendeliche, S2; kuyndeliche, S2, PP; cundeliche, S.—AS. _cyndelice_.

Kyndlyn, _v._ to bear young, Prompt.; see Kindlen.

Kyndlyngis, _sb. pl._ brood, litter of beasts, W.

Kynes-man, _sb._ kinsman, MD; cunesmon, S; kunesmen, _pl._, S, S2.

Kynrede, _sb._ kindred, S3, W2, C; kunrede, S; kynredyn, H; kinredis, _pl._, W; cunreadnes, _pl._, S.—AS. _cynn_ + _rǽden_, condition.

Kysse, _sb._ kiss, Palsg.—From AS. _cysan_. See Cussen.

Kyth, _sb._ one’s country, native land, relatives, kith, friends, PP, S2; kith, PP; kuth, PP; cuth, PP; kutthe, PP; kitthe, PP; cuððe, S, PP; couthe, PP; kythez, _pl._, S2; ceðen, S; cheðen, S; kuþþes, manners, S2.—AS. _cýððu_ (_cýð_): OHG. _cundida_, race, kinship; see Sievers, 255.

Kythen, _v._ to make known, MD, C2, C3, PP, S3; kiðen, S, S2; cuðen, S; couthe, MD, PP; couth, _pr. s._, P; kydde, _pt. s._, PP; kidde, PP, S; kudde, S2; cudde, S; kedde, S, MD; kyd, S2; kid, MD; kydst, _2 pt. s._, S3; i-kud, _pp._, S; kud, S2; kyd, S2; kid, S; kidde (as _adj._), S.—AS. (_ge_)_cýðan_: OS. _kúðian_; OHG. _kundjan_, also _kunden_ (Otfrid).

L.

La, _interj._ lo!, S; lo, W2 (Ps. 67. 34).—AS. _lá_. _Comb._: la hwure, at least, S.

Laas, _sb._ snare, C, C3; see Las.

Labbe, _sb._ he that can keep no counsel, Prompt., CM; lab, a blab, tittle-tattle, HD.

Labben, _v._ to blab, babble, PP; labbing, _pr. p._, C2.—Cp. Du. _labben_, to blab.

Labbyng, _adj._ blabbing, CM.

Lacchen, _v._ to catch, seize, snatch, PP; lauhte, _pt. s._ seized, practised, PP; lauȝte, PP, S2; laȝte, S; laucte, S; lacchide, _pl._, PP; lauht, _pp._, PP; lagt, S; latchyd, Prompt.—AS. _læccan_, _ge-læccan_.

Lacching, _sb._ taking, S2.

Lacert, _sb._ a fleshy muscle, C, CM.—OF. _lacerte_ (Cotg.); Lat. _lacertum_ (acc.), a muscle, strength, usually, the muscular part of the arm.

Lad, Ladde; see Leden.

Ladel, _sb._ ladle, PP, C3; ladylle, _coclear_, Prompt.; _hausorium_, Voc.

Laden, _v._ to burden, to charge with burdens, Prompt., WW; to draw water to lade, Prompt.; laden, _pp. oneratus_, Prompt., SkD.—AS. _hladan_ (pt. _hlód_, pp. _hladen_): Icel. _hlaða_, Goth. _hlathan_ (in comp.).

Læfdi, _sb._ lady, S; see Leuedy.

Læfe, Lafe, _sb._ belief, S; see Leue.

Læn, _sb._ a grant, loan, S.—AS. _lǽn_ (OET).

Laf, _sb._ loaf, S; see Loof.

Lage, Lahe, _sb._ law, S; see Lawe.

Lah, _adj._ low, S; see Louh.

Lahfulnesse, _sb._ lawfulness, S.

Lahhen, _v._ to laugh, S; lauhen, PP; laughe, PP, C2 lauȝen, PP, S3; lauȝwe, S3; lauȝwhen, PP; lawghe, PP, C; leiȝen, W; lauhwen, S, PP, S2; lahynde, _pr. p._, S2; laȝinge, S2; louh, _pt. s._, PP; lough, C2, C3; lowh, PP; lowȝ, PP; loh, S2; lewch, S3; loȝen, _pl._, S2; lough, S3; louȝe, _subj._, S.—AS. _hlehhan_ (pt. _hlóh_): Goth. _hlahjan_.

Lahter, _sb._ laughter, S; leiȝtir, W2; leihtre, _dat._, S.—AS. _hleahtor_.

Laif, _sb._ the remainder, B, S3; laiff, B; layff, B, S2, S3; lafe, B; lave, B, JD, HD.—AS. _láf_, what is left, heritage (Voc.), from _-lífan_ (Grein), only found in compounds, e.g. _be-lífan_, to remain; cp. OHG. _bi-líban_, to remain (Tatian) G. _bleiben_.

Laire, _sb._ clay, mud, mire, WA, H, HD; layre, H; lare, H; quagmire, HD.—Icel. _leir_, clay, mire.

Lairy, _adj._ miry, H; layry, H; layri, H; layery, HD.

Laiten, _v._ to seek, SD, HD, S2, WA; leȝten, SD.—Icel. _leita_: Goth. _wlaiton_, to look about.

Laith, _adj._ loathsome, H; see Loth.

Laitis, _sb. pl._ gestures, S3; see Late.

Lake, _sb._ a kind of fine linen, C2, HD, CM.—Cp. Du. _laken_, cloth, a sheet, OHG. _lahhan_, also _lachan_ (Otfrid).

Lake, _sb._ standing-water, Prompt.; _rivulus_, Voc.; llak, _pl._, S2. _Comb._: lake-ryftes, chines worn by water, S2.—AF. _lake_, OF. _lac_; Lat. _lacum_.

Lake, _sb. dat._ a gift, offering, S; see Lok.

Laken, _v._ to offer to God, S.—AS. (_ge_)_lácian_, to give.

Lakke, _sb._ defect, a failing, C2; lak, Prompt., C; lac, SkD; lake, blame, WA, S3; lakke, C2; lakkes, _pl._ faults, PP.—Cp. Du. _lak_, blemish.

Lakken, _v._ to lack, PP, C; him lakked, _pt. s._ there lacked to him, C2.

Lakken, _v._ to blame, G, PP, Prompt.; lak, JD; lakes, _pr. s._, S2; lackand, _pr. p._, H; y-lakked, _pp._, P.—Cp. Du. _laken_, to blame.

Lammasse, _sb._ Lammas, the first of August, PP, S2; Lammesse, Prompt.—AS. _hlammæsse_, _hláfmæsse_, loaf-mass, named from the Blessing of Bread. The Feast is called in the Sarum Manual _Benedictio novorum fructuum_.