xvii. 5-8, "Thus saith the Lord; Cursed be the man that trusteth in man,

and maketh flesh his arm, and whose heart departeth from the Lord. For he shall be like the heath in the desert, and shall not see when good cometh.[79]--Blessed is the man that trusteth in the Lord, and whose hope the Lord is. For he shall be as a tree planted by the waters, and that spreadeth out her roots by the river, and shall not see when heat cometh, but her leaf shall be green; and shall not be careful in the year of drought, neither shall cease from yielding fruit." Isa. ii. 22, "Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?"

Having given you these directions, I must tell you in the conclusion, that they are like food, that will not nourish you by standing on your table, or like physic, that will not cure you by standing in the box: they must be taken and digested, or you will find none of the benefit. It is not the reading of them that will serve the turn to so great use, as the safe proceeding and confirmation of beginners or novices in religion: it will require humility to perceive the need of them; and labour to learn, digest, and practise them. Those slothful souls, that will refuse the labour, must bear the sad effects of their negligence: there is not one of all these directions, as to the matter of them, which can be spared. Study them, understand them, and remember them, as things that must be done. If either a senselessness of your necessity, or a conceit that the spirit must do it without so much labour and diligence of your own, do prevail with you, to put off all these with a mere approbation, the consequent may be sadder than you can yet foresee. Though I suppose you to have some beginnings of grace, I must tell you, that it will be comparatively a sad kind of life, to be erroneous, and scandalous, and troublesome to the church, or full of doubts, and fears, and passions, and to be burdensome to others and yourselves! Yea, it is reason that you be very suspicious of your sincerity, if you desire not to increase in grace, and be not willing to use the means which are necessary to your increase. He is not sincere, that desireth not to be perfect; and he desireth not sincerely, who is not willing to be at the labour and cost, which is necessary to the obtaining of the thing desired. I beseech you, therefore, as you love the happiness of prudent, strong, and comfortable christians, and would escape the misery of those grievous diseases, which would turn your lives into languishing, unserviceableness, and pain; that you seriously study these directions, and get them into your minds, and memories, and hearts; and let the faithful practice of them be your greatest care, and the constant employment of your lives.

FOOTNOTES:

[46] I have since written a book on this subject, to which I refer the reader for fuller direction.

[47] Fere idem exitus est odii et amoris insani. Senec. de Ben.

[48] Scientia quæ est remota à justitia, calliditas potium quam sapientia appellanda est. P. Scalig. Of the necessity of prudence in religious men, read Nic. Videlius de Prudent. Veterum. The imprudences of well meaning men have done as much hurt to the church sometimes as the persecution of enemies. _e. g._ When Constantine, the son of Constans, was emperor, some busy men would prove from the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity, that his two brethren, Tiberius and Heraclius, should reign with him: saying, Si in Trinitate credimus, tres etiam coronemus; which cost the chief of them a hanging. Abbas Urspergens. Edit. Melancth. p. 162.

[49] Leg. Acost. 1. 4. c. 21 et 22. de fructu catechizandi. Et Li. 5.

[50] Opus est imprimis duplici catechismo: Uno compendario et brevi quem memoriter addiscant; ubi summa sit eorum omnium quæ ad fidem et mores Christiano sunt necessaria: altero uberiore, ubi eadem amplius, dilucidiusque dicantur, et copiosius confirmentur: ut ille prior discipulis potius, hic posterior ipsis præceptoribus usu sit. Acosta, l. 5. c. 14. p. 490.

[51] Stoici dicunt virtutes sibi invicem ita esse connexas, ut qui unam habuerit, omnes habeat. Laertius in Zenone.

[52] Laert. saith of Cleanthes, Cum aliquando probo illi daretur, quod esset timidus, at ideo inquit, parum pecco.

[53] Qui discipulum rudem et elatum habet, contra ventum adverso flumine navigat, serpentem nutrit, aconitum excolit, hostem docet. Petrarch. Dial. 41. li. 2.

[54] Beatus est cui vel in senectute contigerit, qua sapientiam erasque opiniones consequi posset. Cicero de fin.

[55] Even when a teacher is impatient with his people's unprofitableness, they oft think highliest of their knowledge, and they are proud while their dulness tireth out their guides: for, Quo quisque est solertior et ingeniosior, hoc docet iracundius et laboriosius. Quod enim ipse celeriter arripuit, id quum tarde percipi videt, discruciatur. Cicero pro Ros.

[56] Nihil homini metuendum nisi ne fœlicitatem excludat. Solon in Laert. p. 31.

[57] Securus ergo sum de Christo Deo, et Domino meo. Hæc Regi dicatis, subigat ignibus, adigat bestiis, excruciet omnium tormentorum generibus, si cessero, frustra sum in ecclesiæ catholica baptizatus; nam si hæc præsens vita sola esset, et aliam quæ vera est, non speraremus æternam, nec ita facerem ut modicum et temporaliter gloriarer, et ingratus existerem qui suam fidem mihi contulit, Creatori. Victorianus ad Hunnerychum in Vict. Utic. p. 461. Victor Uticensis saith, that before the persecution of Hunnerychus these visions were seen: 1. All the lights put out in the church, and a darkness and stink succeeded. 2. The church filled with abundance of swine and goats. 3. Another saw a great heap of corn unwinnowed, and a sudden whirlwind blew away all the chaff: and after that, one came and cast out all the stricken dead and useless corn, till a very little heap was left. 4. Another heard one cry on the top of a mount, Migrate, migrate. 5. Another saw great stones cast from heaven on the earth, which flamed and destroyed; but he hid himself in a chamber, and none of them could touch him. Page 405. Sed hoc edificium ubi construere visus est diabolus, statim illud destruere dignatus est Christus. Id. ib.

[58] Id. ib. saith that an Arian bishop being put over a city, all that could take ship fled away to Spain, and the rest not only refused all the temptations of the bishop, but also publicly celebrated the divine mysteries in one of their houses; and the king being hereat enraged, caused them in the open market-place to have their tongues and right hands cut off by the root; and that they yet spake after as well as before. And them that will not believe it, he referreth to one of them then living, and honoured for this in the emperor's court, that still spake perfectly. Page 462, 463.

[59] Sulpitius Severus in Vit. Martini, noteth that none but bishops were against him because he was unlearned and of no presence.

Look more in your teachers at matter than fine words. Augustin. de Cathechizand. rud. cap. 9. His maxime utile est nosse ita esse præponendas verbis sententias, ut præponitur animus corpori: ex quo fit, ut ita malle debeant veriores quam disertiores audire sermones, sicut malle debent prudentiores quam formosiores habere amicos. Noverint etiam non esse vocem ad aures Dei nisi animi affectum: ita enim non irridebunt si aliquos antistites et ministros forte animadverterint vel cum barbarismis et solœcismis Deum invocare, vel eadem verba quæ pronunciant, non intelligere, perturbateque distinguere. Vid. Filesacum de Episc. autorit. p. 105. Pœnituit multos vanæ sterilisque cathedræ. Juven. Italis Ciceronianis sum iniquior, quia tantum loquuntur verba, non res, et rhetorica ipsorum plerumque est κολακευτικη: Est glossa sine textu: nux sine nucleo: nubes sine pulviâ. Plumæ sunt meliores quam avis ipsa. Buchozer. Take heed lest prejudice or any corruption possess your minds, for then all that you hear will be unsavoury or unprofitable to you: Magna debet esse eloquentia, quæ invitis placeat, ait Senec. præf. lib. 10. Controv.

[60] Acosta noteth it as a great hinderance of the Indians' conversion, that their teachers shift for better livings, and stay not till they are well acquainted with the people, and that the bishops are of the same temper: Hæc tanta clades est animarum, ut satis deplorari non possit; nihil sacerdos Christi præclari proficiet in salute Indorum, sine familiari et hominum et rerum notitia, l. 4. c. 10. p. 390. Sunt autem multi qui injuncto muneri copiose se satisfacere existimant, orationem dominicam et symbolum et salutationem angelicam, tum præcepta decalogi Hispani. idomate identidem Indis recitantes, eorum infantes baptizantes, mortuos sepelientes, matrimonio juvenes collocantes, et rem sacram festis diebus facientis.--Neque conscientia, quam utinam cauterizatam non habeant, mordentur quod dispersæ sint oves Domini, &c. c. 7. p. 373.

[61] Against uncharitableness and schism, see more in part. 2. ch. 23.

[62] Utrumque imperium, et Mahometicum et pontificium ortum est, ex dissidiis de doctrina--Cum in oriente dilaceratæ essent ecclesiæ--et hæc varietas in multorum animis dubitationes et odium religionis christianæ accenderet, et disciplina laxata esset, &c. Melancth. Ep. Dedic. Chron. Carionis.

[63] Ecclesia vera discreta est à cœtu Cain, qui secesserat a patre, et habuit suos ritus, et suam sectam. Ita statim initio veræ doctrinæ vocem et veram ecclesiam pars humani generis deseruit. Carion Chronic. lib. 1. p. 16.

[64] When the Arian bishops had made Hunnerychus believe that the orthodox turned the appointed disputation into popular clamour, and were against the king, he forbad them to meet, or to baptize, or ordain, and turned all the same laws against them which had been made against the Arians. Victor. Utic. p. 447, 448.

[65] Quiescerem nisi tantos talesque montes malitiæ episcoporum, vel cæterorum sacerdotum aut clericorum, in nostro quoque ordine erigi adversus Deum vidissem. Gildas de Ex cid. Britan. Hæc monent quales sint etiam potentissimi, nobilissimi et optimi quique qui sine fide sunt, et sine agnitione filii Dei, atque hinc sine omni bono, sine ulla affectione pia, &c. Et quod etiam qui ex illis optimus esse videtur, tamen sine fide omni tempore possit esse et fieri, quod Cain fratri suo, modo non desit occasio: Neander Chron. p. 325 Lege et quæ habet de Regno Cainico, p. 38, 39.

[66] Stoici dicunt cum nemine stultorum esse litigandum: omnesque stultos insanire. Laert. in Zenone.

[67] Consuming zeal doth use at last to burn up the owners of it. Whatever they say or do against others in their intemperate violence, they teach others at last to say and do against them, when they have opportunity. How the orthodox taught the Arians to use severity against them, may be seen in Victor. Utic. p. 447-449, in the edict of Hunnerychus: Legem quam dudum Christiani Imperatores nostri contra eos et alios hæreticos pro honorificentia ecclesiæ catholicæ dederunt, adversus nos illi proponere non erubuerunt, v. g. Rex Hun. &c. Triumphalis et majestatis regiæ probatur esse virtutis, mala in autores consilia retorquere: quisquis enim pravitatis aliquid invenerit, sibi imputet quod incurret.--Nullos conventus homousion sacerdotes assumant, nec aliquid mysteriorum, quæ magis polluunt, sibi vendicent. Nullam habeant ordinandi licentiam.--Quod ipsarum legum continentia demonstratur quas induxisse imperatoribus, &c. viz. Ut nulla exceptis superstitionis suæ antistibus ecclesia pateret; nullis liceret aliis aut convictus agere, aut exercere conventus nec ecclesias, aut in urbibus, aut in quibusdam minimis locis.

[68] Sed perturbat nos opinionem varietas hominumque dissensio: Et quia non idem contingit in sensibus, hos natura certos putamus: ilia quæ aliis sic, aliis secus, nec iisdem semper uno modo videntur, ficta esse dicimus: quod est longe aliter.--Animis omnes tenduntur insidiæ, &c. Cicero de Legib. li. 1. p. 291. Vid. cæt.

[69] Namsi falsi et solo nomine tumidi, non modo non consulendi, sed vitandi sunt, quibus nihil est importunius, nihil insulsius, &c. Petrarch. Dial. 117. lib. 2.

[70] Scientis est posse docere. Proverb. Sub indocto tamen doctus evadere potes, afflatu aliquo divino, ut Cicero loquitur. Augustinus de seipso testatur (cui non omnia credere nefas est) quod et Aristotelicas Categorias, quæ inter difficillima numerantur, et artes liberales, quas singulas à præceptoribus didicisse magnum dicitur) nullo tradente, omnes intellexit. Bernardus item, vir doctrina et sanctitate clarissimus, omnes suas literas (quarum inter cunctos sui temporis abundantissimus fuit) in silvis et in agris didicit, non hominum magisterio, sed meditando et orando, nec ullos unquam alios præceptores habuit, quam quercus et fagos. Petrarch. lib. 2. Dialog. 40.

[71] Imperat (Rex) ut nostræ religionis illorum mensa nullum communem haberent, neque cum Catholicis omnino vescerentur. Quæ res non ipsis aliquod præstitit beneficium, sed nobis maximum contulit lucrum: nam sisermo eorum sicut cancer consuevit serpere, quanto magis communis mensa ciborum potuit inquinare, cum dicat Apostolus, cum nefariis nec cibum habere communem. Victor. Utic. p. 418. Magnum virtutis præsidium societas bonorum, socius exemplo excitat, sermone recreat, consilio instruit, orationibus adjuvat, autoritate continet, quæ omnia solitudini desunt. Jos. Acosta, 1. 4. c. 13. Dicunt Stoici amicitiam solos inter bonos, quos sibi innicem studiorum similitudo conciliet, posse consistere. Porro amicitiam ipsam societatem quandam esse dicunt omnium quæ sunt ad vitam necessaria, cum amicis ut nobismet ipsis utamur: atque ob id amicum eligendum, amicorumque multitudinem inter expetenda ponunt: inter malos non posse constare amicitiam. Laert. in Zenone.

[72] Non tamen ut corporum, sic animorum morbi, transeunt ad nolentes: Imo vero nobilis animus, vitiorum odio, ad amorem virtutis accenditur. Petrarch. Dialog. de alior. morib.

[73] Siquis est hoc robore animi, atque hac indole virtutis ac continentiæ, ut respuat omnes voluptates, omnemque vitæ suæ cursum labore corporis, atque in animi contentione conficiat, quem non quies, non remissio, non æqualium studia, non ludi, non convivia delectant; nihil in vita expetendum putet nisi quod est cum laude et honore conjunctum; hunc mea sententia divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto. Cic. pro Cæl.

[74] For sound principles in these points, read Mr. Gibbon's Sermon of Justification, in the Morning Exercises at St. Giles'; and Mr. Truman's two books before named, and Le Blank's Theses in Latin, with the Thes. Salmuriens. &c.

[75] Nemini exploratum potest esse quomodo sese habiturum sit corpus, non dico ad annum sed ad vesperum. Cicero, 2 de fin. Dii boni! quid est in hominis vita diu? Mihi ne diuturnum quidem quicquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum. Cum enim id advenit, tum illud præteriit, effluxit: tantum remanet quod virtute et recte factis sit consecutus: horæ quidem cedunt, et dies, et menses, et anni, nec præteritum tempus unquam revertitur, nec quid sequatur sciri potest. Cic. in Cat. Maj. Quem sæpe transit, casus aliquando invenit.

[76] Nihil tam firmum cui periculum non sit; etiam ab invalido.

[77] De bonis et malis ita disserebat Plato: Finem esse Deo similem fieri: Virtutem sufficere quidem ad bene beateque vivendum; cæterum instrumentis indigere, corporis bonis, robore, sanitate, integritate sensuum, &c. Exterioribus etiam, opibus, generis claritate, gloria, &c. Ea et si non affluerint, nihilominus tamen beatum fore sapientem.--Arbitratur et Deos humana cernere atque curare: et demones esse--Porro in dialogis justitiam divinam legem arbitratus est, ut ad juste agendum potentius persuaderet, nè post mortem pœnas improbi luerent. Laert. in Plat.

[78] Alte spectare si voles, atque hanc sedem, et æternam domum contueri, neque sermonibus vulgi dederis te, nec in præviis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum: suis te illecebris oportet ipsa virtus trahat ad verum decus. Cicero somn. Scip. Cœlestia semper spectato: illa humana contemnito. Id. Ibid.

[79] Nihil tam firmum cui periculum non sit; etiam ab invalido.