CHAPTER XVIII.

MEMBERS OF THE REGIMENT NOW LIVING.

The following is a list of members now living (from latest information) who either surrendered with the Regiment or were honorably discharged therefrom for disability incurred during the war:

FIELD AND STAFF.

Col. Baxter Smith, Chattanooga, Tenn.; Adjt. George B. Guild, Nashville, Tenn.; Sergt. Maj. W. A. Rushing, Lebanon, Tenn.; Surgeon W. T. Delaney, Bristol, Va.; Assistant Surgeon J. T. Allen, Caney Springs, Tenn.; Acting Quartermaster R. O. McLean, Nashville, Tenn.; Acting Assistant Quartermaster Bob Corder, Williamson County, Tenn.; Acting Commissary First Lieut. J. T. Barbee, Sardis, Ky.

COMPANY A.

Dr. Tom Allen, Caney Springs, Tenn.; Joe Yarbrough, Lewisburg, Tenn.; James Tippett, Greenville, Tex.; Thomas Sherron, Chapel Hill, Tenn.; William Edwards, Chapel Hill, Tenn.; Scott Davis, Lewisburg, Tenn.; Joe Yarbrough (second), Lewisburg, Tenn.; W. R. Wynn, Lewisburg, Tenn.; Polk Warner, Lewisburg, Tenn.; Ben Jobe, Paris, Tenn.; Jim Wilbern, Oklahoma; Melville Porter, McKenzie, Tenn.; William (“Dutch”) Alexander, Chattanooga, Tenn.; Gid Alexander, New Orleans, La.

COMPANY B.

Lieut. G. W. Carmack, Jonesboro, Tenn.; Henry Delaney, Bristol, Va.; Abe McClelland, Bluff City, Tenn.; W. C. Ingles, Knoxville, Tenn.; Dr. W. T. Delaney, Bristol, Va.

COMPANY C.

Lieut. R. L. Scruggs, Stonewall, Tenn.; Lieut. Samuel Scoggins, Nashville, Tenn.; Pat Moss, Smith County, Tenn.; Ike Evans, Smith County, Tenn.; Dave Shipp, Smith County, Tenn.; William Bell, Big Spring, Tenn.; Sam Flippin, Birmingham, Ala.; Don Flippin, Smith County, Tenn.; Thomas Sanders, Nashville, Tenn.; Bob Grissim, Smith County, Tenn.

COMPANY D.

First Lieut. Robert Bone, Texas; Second Lieut. J. T. Barbee, Sardis, Ky.; Third Lieut. J. A. Arnold, Lebanon, Tenn.

I feel that I ought to add here that Lieutenant Bone was one of the best and most active officers we had. He was always to be found in the forefront of the battle, and was wounded several times. In one of the last battles we had he was captured by the enemy; and while he was being carried to Johnson’s Island with other prisoners he leaped from the train, making his escape into Canada, and was fortunate enough to get transportation upon a blockade runner coming into Charleston, S. C., reporting back to his regiment in four weeks after being captured. I am not positive that he is living to-day, but he was living in Texas when last heard from, more than a year ago.

COMPANY E.

First Lieut. H. L. Preston, Woodbury, Tenn.; Third Lieut. John Fathera, Woodbury, Tenn.; N. Bony Preston, Woodbury, Tenn.; Thomas Vinson, Henry Gillam, William Wood, Warren Cummings, Al Kennedy, William Davis, N. A. Mitchell, I. Y. Davis, Eph Neely, R. S. Spindle, W. D. Coleman, John Knox, John H. Wharton, B. F. Pinkerton, I. W. Stewart, Reese Hammons, John Hayes.

COMPANY F.

Lieutenant Williamson, Kentucky; W. H. Davis, Dallas, Tex.; J. H. Davis, Martha, Tenn.; Zack Thompson, Shelbyville, Tenn.

COMPANY G.

Capt. J. W. Nichol, Murfreesboro, Tenn.; Lieut. F. A. McKnight, Sergt. W. R. Fowler, Corp. I. C. Carnahan, L. M. Roberts, D. D. Murray, S. M. McGill, W. P. Gaither, L. L. Gaither, T. A. Gaither, S. M. McKnight, Robert Patrick, A. C. Good, I. F. Good, I. E. Neely, N. I. Ivie, W. H. Taylor, John Nugent, Houston Miller, L. W. Jarnigan, A. H. Youree, I. C. Coleman, W. W. Gray, B. L. Sagely, E. Bynum, E. H. Murrey, H. N. Jones, C. W. Moore, Calvin Brewer, James Love, Bob Knox.

Capt. J. W. Nichol, of Company G, says that of those living at this time, sixteen of them were young men on their way to join his company when the surrender occurred. The following are the circumstances in the case: Some weeks before the surrender, in 1865, he had sent his first lieutenant, Dave Youree, a most excellent and reliable officer, to Cannon and Rutherford Counties, Tenn., to obtain recruits. Just before the surrender Youree was returning to the command with the sixteen young men who had enlisted in said counties and whom he had sworn into the company and Regiment. Upon reaching the State of Georgia on their way to join the Regiment, then in North Carolina, they met General Forrest and his command and were informed of the condition of the Confederate army. At General Forrest’s suggestion, they remained with him, participated in his engagements around Selma, Ala., and surrendered with General Forrest’s command, receiving their paroles at Gainesville, Ala., in May, 1865, as members of Company G, Fourth Tennessee Regiment. The sixteen young men are certainly entitled to be named in the list of living in Company G at this time, for they gave the best evidence of their manhood and patriotism by leaving voluntarily their homes behind the lines under the forlorn and desperate circumstances surrounding them and the Confederate army.

COMPANY H.

J. C. Ivey, Clear Lake, Tex.; Sam H. Bennett, Jasper, Tenn.; John Davis, Jasper, Tenn.; William T. Warren, Dayton, Tenn.; Zebulon Ballew, Sequatchie Valley, Tenn.; Billy Phelps, Sequatchie Valley, Tenn.; Robert Phelps, Sequatchie Valley, Tenn.

I have just received a letter from J. C. Ivey, of Company H, giving me the foregoing list of his company. I want to thank him again for the interest and assistance he has given me in preparing the facts for this narrative of the Regiment, and I feel that I ought to make his letter a part of the narrative. The letter is as follows:

CLEAR LAKE, TEX., October 16, 1912.

Maj. George B. Guild, Nashville, Tenn.

_My Dear Adjutant and Comrade_: Your letter came in due time, and this is the first opportunity I have had to answer your question in regard to those still living of Company H. There were thirty-four who were surrendered at Charlotte, N. C. I shall never forget that sorrowful day when we gave up our guns. That morning our beloved General Wheeler came to our Regiment and announced that we were a subjugated people and, while the tears were flowing from his eyes, advised us to return home and make as good citizens as we had soldiers and all would come out right. So far as I know, not one of those that were with us in the closing of this sad drama ever went wrong in any way. As for those that absented themselves, I have had no communication with any of them.

I remain your old comrade, J. C. IVEY.

COMPANY I.

Lieut. John W. Storey, Forest City, Ark.; B. P. Harrison, Albany, Ky.; Joel Brown, Glasgow, Ky.; Z. T. Crouch, Bellbuckle, Tenn.; Dr. Henry Sienknecht, Oliver Springs, Tenn.; John Hall, Tennessee; Isaac Ford, Rome, Tenn.; Orville I. Moate, Washington, D. C.; Lieut. William H. Hildreth, Alvarado, Tex.; John N. Simpson, Dallas, Tex.; William Wallace, Texas; Jeff Boles, Phœnix, Ariz.; Henry Gatewood, Ennis, Tex.

COMPANY K.

Frank Anderson, Nashville, Tenn.; Joe Miller, Lebanon, Tenn.; Hal Shutt, Lebanon, Tenn.; Bryant Goodrich, Nashville, Tenn.; James Thomas, Los Angeles, Cal.

I cannot hear of a single one of Company L who is alive to-day.

Some of the foregoing were young men just arriving at maturity and came out to the Regiment from Tennessee (then occupied by Federal forces) at the peril of their lives and joined it when the cause was a forlorn hope indeed. Of this class Capt. Frank A. Moses, the Special Examiner on the State Confederate Pension Board, had occasion to say in his annual report to the Confederate Association of Bivouacs and Camps at Shelbyville recently:

Comrades, it was easy for you and me to go out in 1861 or 1862, when the bright flags rippled in the breezes, the bands played “Dixie,” and the girls waved their handkerchiefs, bidding us Godspeed; but when the dark days came and the flags were tattered and blood-stained, when the bands were playing the “Dead March” and the noble women mourned the death of loved ones, it was not so easy. When the old men and the boys in 1864 picked up the guns that had been thrown down by the quitters and stepped into our depleted ranks, they showed their faith by their works, and they are entitled to all honor.

I take occasion to add that I have been intimately associated with Captain Moses on the Pension Board for twenty years. He is most efficient in the position he occupies. He joined the Confederate army when but a boy. After engaging in the battle of Chickamauga, his regiment (the Sixty-Second Tennessee Infantry) was sent with Gen. Bushrod Johnson’s brigade to the Army of Northern Virginia. He was severely wounded at the battle of Drewry’s Bluff, on the James River, below Richmond; and after convalescing from his wound he reported to his command at Petersburg, and surrendered with General Lee at Appomattox on the 9th of April, 1865.

First Lieut. Rice McLean, of Company A, an elegant gentleman and brave officer, was in command of his company most of the time, especially during the latter part of the war. His captain, Dave Alexander, was the oldest man in the Regiment and was much disabled by wounds. Lieutenant McLean was frequently called upon to perform the most hazardous and important duties, which he did with dispatch and to the highest satisfaction of the commanding officer. None stood higher in the Regiment or was more respected for his fidelity as a soldier. He was most amiable in character and in kindly comradeship toward his fellow soldiers. He was wounded several times in battle. He died a few years ago in Kentucky, where he had lived since the close of the war. I could not resist the opportunity of saying a word regarding my warm personal friend, Rice McLean. He was a brother of the wife of Capt. Tom Hardison, one of Nashville’s most worthy and honorable citizens.

Lieut. J. W. Storey, who was in command of Company I at the surrender, writes me that I should speak of the killing of Eb Crozier, of his company, who was a most intelligent, lovable man, and a brave soldier during the entire war. He received his parole of honor with the rest of the Regiment at Charlotte, N. C., May 3, 1865, and started home with us; but before reaching Sweetwater, Tenn., he took the road to the right to go to his home in Upper East Tennessee, which he had not visited for years. Upon reaching home, he was brutally murdered by a band of Union bushwhackers, with his parole of honor in his pocket, the ink with which it was written being hardly dry upon the paper. A more dastardly act was never perpetrated. His name has been placed among the killed in battle of his company, and I am sure that the reader will say that it rightfully belongs there, together with any other honor that could be attached to his memory.

Capt. James H. Britton, of Company K, was a native of Lebanon, Tenn., and was educated at Cumberland University, where he graduated with highest honors as a civil engineer. He was first lieutenant of the “Cedar Snags,” of which Paul F. Anderson was captain. When the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment was organized, the company became a part of it. Captain Anderson became lieutenant colonel and Lieutenant Britton was made captain of Company K, both continuing as such until the surrender of the army, in 1865, at Greensboro, N. C. During the greater part of the war Company K was the escort of the commanding general. Captain Britton was a faithful, brave, and intelligent officer. He and his company were well known to the Army of Tennessee by the important duties that they were called upon to do in carrying orders to different parts of the field, frequently where the battle raged fiercest and hottest. The company’s killed and wounded was heavy, as will be seen on pages 165 and 166. Soon after the war Captain Britton moved to Texas, where he was successful as a business man and accumulated quite a fortune. He died there many years ago, a public-spirited, most worthy citizen. Dr. R. L. C. White and Wat Weakley, who were well-known citizens of Nashville, Tenn., were soldiers in this company, having joined it when it was first organized, and served throughout the war.

I have received from a friend the following record of Capt. J. W. Nichol prior to his company’s being attached to the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment, which I take pleasure in making a part of this narrative:

Capt. J. W. Nichol was born and reared near Readyville, Rutherford County, Tenn., February 26, 1839. He entered the Confederate service at Murfreesboro, Tenn., May 21, 1861, as a lieutenant in Captain Wood’s Company H, Joe B. Palmer’s Eighteenth Tennessee Regiment, serving in same until a few days before the first battle at Fort Donelson, February, 1862. On a march from Bowling Green, Ky., we left him, sick of measles, at Russellville, Ky.; therefore he was not in the fight at Fort Donelson, where the Eighteenth Tennessee Regiment was captured and sent to prison. He was sent back with the sick to Bowling Green, thence to Nashville and Murfreesboro. At Murfreesboro he reported to Gen. A. S. Johnston, who directed him to get together all the members of the Eighteenth Tennessee Regiment who might be at home on sick furlough, also any who might have made their escape from prison, organizing them into a company or battalion, and connect the same with some other regiment. But before Captain Nichol could do this General Johnston, with his army, moved to Shelbyville, where Nichol reported to him again, informing him that he had met a number of the command who desired to join other regiments instead of forming a new command. General Johnston directed him to assign these men to any desired company until the Eighteenth should be exchanged. Nichol then, with nine others of the Eighteenth Tennessee, procured horses and fell back with General Johnston to Corinth, Miss., where they attached themselves to General Buckner’s old escort, a Kentucky company commanded by Captain Kerr, who had made their escape from Fort Donelson and were serving as an escort for General Hardee. Nichol served as a private soldier with this company until after the battle of Corinth, April 6, 7, 1862. Some time after this battle he went to General Beauregard’s headquarters (General Johnston having been killed in the engagement on April 6), and asked permission to go into Middle Tennessee and make up a cavalry company, which request was granted. With considerable difficulty he made his way to the neighborhood of his old home, there being Federal troops, stationed at Murfreesboro, who were scouting the surrounding country frequently. On one occasion Captain Unthanks, with a Yankee company of seventy-two men, came out from Murfreesboro to Readyville (Captain Nichol’s old home), and went on to Woodbury and McMinnville on a scouting expedition. Colonel Starnes, commanding the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry, was near McMinnville and, upon learning of the scouting party headed by Captain Unthanks, moved into McMinnville in a few hours, and made inquiry for a man fully acquainted with the roads leading therefrom. Captain Nichol, who was just in from Corinth, Miss., reported to Colonel Starnes that he was conversant with all the roads leading to Murfreesboro. Leaving McMinnville late in the afternoon, Colonel Starnes and his men reached Woodbury about daylight of the next day, finding that Captain Unthanks had stopped there to feed his horses and had just left. Instantly pursuing, Starnes caught them at Readyville (Nichol’s old home), eating breakfast, Captain Unthanks and most of his men being at Major Tallay’s (the old Ready residence). Starnes was upon them before they were aware, killing three and capturing all except two others, who made their escape to Murfreesboro. Captain Nichol was then engaged in making up his company. Gen. Bedford Forrest passed through Readyville July 13, 1862; and Nichol, with a few unorganized men, fell in line and proceeded to Murfreesboro, where they participated in the first fight at Murfreesboro, in which they were victorious, taking all the prisoners to McMinnville to parole them. From there Nichol proceeded to Readyville, where he made up his company. About this time, learning of the approach of General Bragg toward Middle Tennessee, he, with about seventy unarmed young boys and men, riding all night, passing through Liberty, the home of Stokes and Blackburn (Yankee bushwhackers), got safely through to Sparta just in time to meet Bragg on his march into Kentucky. General Polk took Nichol’s company for a time as couriers. Soon afterwards they were ordered to report to Maj. J. R. Davis, commanding a battalion of cavalry, and were in the fight at Perryville, Ky., fighting every day until they reached Cumberland Gap, losing several men. Thence they went to Murfreesboro, in which battle they were in Davis’s Battalion. Shortly after this Smith’s Fourth Tennessee Regiment was formed, composed of Smith’s Battalion and Davis’s Battalion. Immediately after this formation Wheeler and Forrest were ordered to Fort Donelson, where Nichol received his first serious wound. He was in all other engagements until the close of the war, being dangerously wounded at Bentonville, N. C., the last general engagement of the war. He surrendered at Greensboro, N. C., with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston’s army, and was paroled at Charlotte, N. C., April 26, 1865.

When Colonel Smith returned, on exchange, from Johnson’s Island Prison, just before the battle of Averyboro, N. C., he at once assumed command of the brigade as senior colonel. Adjt. George B. Guild became his adjutant general, and Capt. J. R. Lester, of Company F, became his inspector general, all of them serving in this capacity till the surrender of the army at Greensboro, N. C., April 26, 1865. The coming of Colonel Smith created a scene of rejoicing with the Regiment, as it had created one of pronounced sorrow when he had been captured. The men pressed around him to show him the joy and pleasure it afforded. He was called upon to make a talk, when he expressed to them the pleasure it gave him to be with them again after his long, weary, and dark night as a prisoner in a Northern fortress. He said the saddest part of it was that he missed many familiar faces who were camping to-day on Fame’s battle ground, and but a remnant remained of what they had been; that he had learned from time to time, as other prisoners came in, of the glorious record they were making and had made as soldiers. He expressed his pride in them, and said that their names would be remembered by grateful countrymen. Choking for utterance and in tears, he sat down. A few minutes after this the order was given to mount, and the brigade marched away to take part in the battle of Averyboro, N. C. A very interesting incident occurred before the foregoing took place. The Regiment had learned that his name had been registered for exchange and were expecting him. At the battle of Fayetteville, N. C., a few weeks before, Lieutenant Massengale had been killed, and his horse, which was a most excellent one, a rich bay, evidencing the qualities of a thoroughbred, was in the hands of a relative. It was proposed to purchase the horse for Colonel Smith when he reported, which was done. The men paid the relative $2,600 for the horse, which was christened “Lieut. Joe Massengale” in memory of his gallant rider who was killed upon his back while leading a charge in the fight with Kilpatrick’s forces. Colonel Smith rode this horse in the battles that occurred afterwards and until the surrender. He brought “Joe Massengale” home with him. After this the horse was conspicuous as a part of all the reunions that took place, and was named the regimental mascot, by which name he was called until he died, in his twenty-sixth year.

* * * * *

It has been assumed that the loss of life chargeable to the War between the States was over one million individuals. The number of great battles fought and the deadliness of the conflict are without a parallel in all modern history. In the Dark Ages of the world it frequently transpired that the victors assumed the divine right to massacre the defeated with fire and sword. We had a reminder of what that meant in the march to the sea and in the raids through the valleys of Virginia with a well-defined smell of fire and destruction about them. Truly it has been said that every messenger from the front told of the wreck of a living hope, and every home of both the North and South was made a house of mourning. But my object in giving the following incident is particularly to refute what has sometimes been unjustly said about the Confederate army as a band of slaveholders.

About the beginning of the war there lived in an adjoining county a young farmer who was a substantial, intelligent, and industrious citizen. By his energy he had accumulated means to buy a small hilly farm and erected upon it a plain but neat cottage, where he and his young wife lived. He had no farm help but a younger brother. In the fall of 1861 he and his brother enlisted in the Confederate army. His aged father and mother came to live with the wife, and in a short time the Tennessee regiment to which he and his brother were attached was ordered to the Army of Northern Virginia. The younger brother was killed the day Gen. Bob Hatton fell at Seven Pines, near Richmond, Va., in 1862. The old mother died in a short time after hearing of the death of her baby boy, as she affectionately called him. In 1863 the older brother was desperately wounded at Gettysburg in the charge of Archer’s Tennessee Brigade on Cemetery Hill and taken a prisoner by the enemy. He was reported killed in action by his comrades, and was so reported on the rolls of his company during the remainder of the war. In fact, his leg had been shattered by a cannon ball, and it was hastily amputated above the knee when he was sent to Rock Island Prison. The shock from the wound, exposure, and want of attention impaired his health, making him a patient of the prison hospital until the war ended. His wife, on learning of his death, sickened and died of a broken heart, it is said. The old father, having been left alone, went off to Kentucky to live with a married daughter. Marauding parties burned and destroyed the fences around the little farm, and the house was ruined and broken down. Nothing was left to remind one of the happy home it once had been.

Such was the health of the soldier that he was not discharged from the Rock Island hospital until some three months after the surrender of the Confederate armies, when he was paroled and permitted to return to his home. Upon reaching his home depot, in the first days of September, 1865, good-hearted Tom Day furnished him a horse to go out to his home. We will not attempt to depict his feelings on seeing the devastation that was spread before him upon reaching home. He sought the house of a neighbor, where he was told in sympathetic words the sad, sad story. He had not been able to write himself during his year or more as a prisoner; and confiding it to others, they had failed either willfully or negligently to do so. He listened in a dazed state of mind to the information imparted to him by his friend, but spoke not a word, remaining silent during the evening. As the lengthening shadows of the setting sun grew longer, he arose, saying that he would go down home again. He was asked to wait till morning and take a good night’s rest, to which he gave no heed, hobbling off on his crutches in that direction. He did not return that night, and the next morning at the breakfast table the neighbor announced that he would go down and see if he could hear anything of his friend. On approaching the house, he found the door slightly ajar. Pushing it open, to his horror he beheld the soldier stretched upon the bare floor--dead. He, too, had died of a broken heart. The next day he was buried by a few sorrowing friends by the side of his wife, at the Old Salem Camp Ground, where his rude forefathers sleep.

The wrecks created along its pathway by a state of war are indeterminable. The destruction of property, public and private, is its natural consequence. Nor does its blighting effect end upon the battle field, but drags into its maelstrom of death the innocent, the helpless, and the unprotected. Truly can it be said that war makes countless thousands mourn.

These two young men were a type of the soldiery of which the Confederate armies were composed. They had no particular property rights to fight for; they owned no slaves; they were not personally interested in the slavery question. The doctrine of State rights had been the policy of the government since its existence. The Constitution and the laws made thereunder recognized it, and the Supreme Court of the United States in numerous decisions had sustained them. These were to be set at naught by force of arms, their country invaded, and their people to be subjugated. To prevent this they risked their lives and their all. Rebels they were in the sense that their forefathers had been, but patriots in the cause of freedom and in their efforts to preserve the inalienable rights of the citizen.

APPENDIX.

A.

An extract from a letter of Gen. Marcus J. Wright to Thomas Nelson Page, author of “Robert E. Lee the Southerner,” dated September 26, 1907, says:

From all reliable data that could be secured, it has been estimated by the best authorities that the strength of the Confederate armies was about 600,000 men, and of this number not more than two-thirds were available for active duty in the field. The necessity of guarding a long line of exposed seacoast and of maintaining permanent garrisons at different posts on inland waters and at numerous other points deprived the Confederate army in the field of an accession of strength. The large preponderance of Federal forces was manifest in all the important battles and campaigns of the war. The largest force ever assembled by the Confederates was at the Seven Days’ fight around Richmond.

General Lee’s report showed 80,835 men present for duty when the movement against General McClellan commenced, and the Federal forces numbered 115,240.

At Antietam the Federals had 87,164, and the Confederates had 35,255.

At Fredericksburg the Federals had 110,000, and the Confederates had 78,110.

At Chancellorsville the Federals had 131,661, of which number only 90,000 were engaged, and the Confederates had 57,212.

At Gettysburg the Federals had 95,000, and the Confederates had 44,000.

At the Wilderness the Federals had 141,160, and the Confederates had 63,981.

In the six battles named the Confederates were victorious in four of them, while the Federals were victors in one, and one was a drawn battle.

From the latter part of 1862 until the close of the war in 1865 there was a constant decrease of the numerical strength of the Confederate army. On the other hand, the records show that during that time the Federal army was strengthened to the extent of 363,390 men.

In April, 1865, the aggregate of present and absent showed the strength of the Confederate army to be about 275,000. Of this number, 65,387 were in Federal military prisons and 52,000 were absent by reason of disability and other causes. Deducting the total of these two numbers (117,387) from 275,000, we have 157,613 as showing the full effective strength of the Confederate army at the close of the war.

Gen. Marcus J. Wright has been for many years in charge of the Confederate Archives Department at Washington, D. C., including the muster rolls of the Confederate army, and is the best authority upon the subject he writes about.

The able editor of the New Orleans _Picayune_, in a recent editorial upon the strength of the Confederate army, says:

In the War between the States the official rolls of the Northern army show a total enlistment of 2,850,000 men. Allowing 700,000 men for the South--which would be the extreme limit for a white population of 6,000,000, of which 3,000,000 were women and more than 2,000,000 males under age, not to mention the 200,000 Southern men who went into the Union army and the men past military age and disabled--it would have been impossible for the South to have had more than 700,000 on its rolls, and these fought four to one. That these smaller numbers could inflict such heavy loss upon the superior numbers of their antagonists made it necessary, not only that they should have been ably led, but that they should have fought desperately and exhibited extraordinary powers of endurance, all of which they did up to the highest mark. By the records of modern warfare their performances have never been equaled, much less surpassed.

B.

“No step could have given more aid and comfort to the North or have been more disastrous to the South than the removal of General Johnston. Abroad it satisfied the anxious nations of Europe that the South was at her last gasp and established their hitherto vacillating policy in favor of the Union cause, and the Southern cause thereafter steadily declined to its end. The destruction of Hood’s army at Nashville removed the only force capable of blocking the way of Sherman across the South and left him free to march to the sea and, having got in touch with the fleet there, continue through the Carolinas, marking his way with a track of devastation which has been likened to that made when Saxe carried fire and sword through the Palatinate.” (See pages 63, 64 of “Robert E. Lee the Southerner,” by Thomas Nelson Page.)

The North was enabled to recruit her armies by drafting all the men she needed, and her command of the sea gave her Europe as a recruiting ground. On October 17, 1863, the President of the United States ordered a draft for 300,000 men. On February 1, 1864, he called for 500,000; and on March 14, 1864, he issued an additional call for 200,000 more “to provide an additional reserve for all contingencies.” The South was almost spent. Her spirit was unquenched and was, indeed, unquenchable; but her resources, both of treasury and of men, were exhausted. Her levies for reserves of all men between fifteen and sixty drew from President Davis the lament that she was grinding the seed corn of the Confederacy.

C.

Gen. W. T. Sherman, in his report of May 4, 1864, says:

The Confederate army at my front at Dalton, Ga., comprised, according to the best authority, about 45,000 men, commanded by Joseph E. Johnston, who was equal in all the elements of generalship to Lee and who was under instruction from the war power at Richmond to assume the offensive northward as far as Nashville. But he soon discovered that he would have to conduct a defensive campaign. Coincident with the movement of the Army of the Potomac, as announced by telegraph, I advanced from our base at Chattanooga with the Army of the Ohio, 13,550 men; the Army of the Cumberland, 60,773 men; the Army of the Tennessee, 24,405 men (grand total, 98,707 men); and 254 guns.

INDEX.

Adams, 117. Aiken, J. A., 164. Alexander, D. W., 9, 156. Alexander, Gid, 239. Alexander, William, 239. Allen, Dr. Tom, 9, 239. Allen, T., 159. Allen, T. J., 165. Allen, W., 159. Allison, Henry, 156. Anderson, A. A., 157. Anderson, DeWitt, 10, 166. Anderson, Frank, 166, 243. Anderson, Lieut. Col. P. F., 9, 54, 182. Arnold, J. A., 10, 159, 240. Arnold, James, 156. Armstrong, J., 160. Atkins, Fentress, 165. Austin, Levi, 164. Avants, H., 157. Avants, N., 157.

Bailey, Jonathan, 164. Baker, J. N., 158. Ballew, Zeb, 242. Barbee, Lieutenant, 10, 159, 239, 240. Barnes, Joe, 165. Barton, Jack, 166. Beard, Lieut. Charles, 9. Beauregard, General, 172. Bell, J. C., 156. Bell, John, 158. Bell, P., 164. Bell, W., 166, 240. Bennett, James, 163. Bennett, Moses, 163. Bennett, S. H., 242. Blackburn, Captain, 46. Bledsoe, A., 164. Bledsoe, Capt. Robert, 10, 164. Bledsoe, Maj. Scott, 9, 125, 184. Boles, Jeff, 243. Bone, Lieut. Bob, 10, 159, 240. Bone, Capt. William, 9. Bowman, John, 165. Bowman, Lieut. Foster, 10, 165. Bragg, General, 9, 14, 57. Brandon, J. A., 162. Breckenridge, General, 23, 140. Brewer, C., 241. Britton, Capt. James, 10, 246. Brown, Joel, 243. Brown, R., 165. Burford, Ben, 158. Burgess, Lieutenant, 10, 161. Burke, James, 161. Bushong, D., 157. Bynum, E., 241. Bynum, W. M., 162.

Caline, William, 157. Carder, Jack, 161. Carmack, D. C., 157. Carmack, Lieutenant, 10. Carmack, Lieut. Gid, 157, 239. Carter, General, 117. Cato, Joe, 158. Chapman, Bennett, 9. Cheatham, General, 23. Chenyworth, Colonel, 44. Christian, Major, 46. Cleburne, General, 23, 116. Coleman, J. C., 162. Cook, Colonel, 46. Cook, Col. Ed, 65. Cooper, I., 162. Corbett, W., 10. Corder, Bob, 9, 239. Cox, James, 157. Crockett, Frank, 156. Crouch, Zack T., 243. Crozier, Lieut. E., 125, 245. Cunningham, Frank, 10. Curren, George, 158. Curren, W. J., 156.

Dark, James, 156. Davis, James, 156. Davis, J. H., 241. Davis, John, 242. Davis, President, 66, 138. Davis, Robert, 131. Davis, Robert A., 165. Davis, Scott, 239. Davis, W. H., 241. Deadman, 158. Deason, William, 165. Delaney, Dr. W. T., 9, 157, 239. Delaney, Henry, 157, 239. Dibrell, General, 39, 71, 108. Dillard, J., 161. Dillard, John, 158. Dillon, S., 159. Doak, Tom, 160. Donnell, R. O., 158. Doughtry, James, 162. Douglas, John, 65. Douglass, C. M., 164. Dunn, J. F., 162. Durham, A. D., 164.

Edwards, Joe, 158. Edwards, William, 239. Elliott, Lieutenant, 10. Evans, Capt. Mark, 234. Evans, Ike, 240. Ewing, Col. Andrew, 59.

Fagan, Lon, 156. Fagan, Tom, 156. Farnsworth, George, 166. Fathera, Lieutenant, 10, 160, 240. Fields, W., 10. Finney, Sergeant, 9. Flippin, Don, 240. Flippin, H. L., 158. Flippin, S., 240. Floridy, T., 159. Ford, Isaac, 243. Forrest, General, 11, 16. Fowler, Sergt. W. R., 162, 241.

Gaither, L. L., 241. Gaither, T. A., 241. Gaither, W. P., 162, 241. Gann, Bob, 9. Gann, H., 158. Gann, John, 159. Gatewood, Henry, 243. Gaut, William, 163. Gentry, James, 156. Gilliham, E., 158. Glover, H. C. Glover, S., 10, 163. Goad, William, 164. Godges, Rufus, 164. Godsey, T., 163. Godsey, W. J., 157. Goodrich, Bryant, 243. Gordon, John, 162. Grady, Henry, 110. Granbery, General, 117. Gray, W. W., 162. Green, Allen, 163. Green, James, 158. Green, Lieutenant, 10. Grissim, Bob, 240. Grissim, M. (Q. M.), 9, 155, 158. Guild, G. B., 54, 76, 125, 239.

Hall, John, 243. Hampton, General, 112. Hancock, Ed, 165. Hardee, General, 65, 127, 133. Hare, Joe, 160. Hare, Tim, 156. Hargrove, N., 156. Harris, John, 162. Harrison, Colonel, 125. Harrison, B. Porter, 165, 243. Harron, H. H., 163. Hawkins, E. J., 160. Hayes, J., 241. Hearn, James, 165. Hearn, R., 165. Hendrix, W. W., 9. Henlen, J. A., 157. Henry, Lieutenant, 10. Herndon, Liter, 127. Hicks, E. and W. Hildreth, Lieutenant, 10, 243. Hill, L., 165. Hill, Mike, 165. Hilton, J. B., 164. Hogan, Lieutenant, 10, 158. Hood, General, 62, 68, 116, 119, 177. Hopkins, John, 156. Horton, Jesse, 165. Hughes, James, 162. Hull, 157. Hume, General, 124. Hutton, Polk, 156.

Ingles, Capt. C. H., 9. Ingles, W. C., 239. Ivey, J. C., 164, 242. Ivie, H. J., 162. Ivie, N. I., 241.

Jackson, Dan, 163. James, J. E., 162. Jarman, H., 159. Jarmin, Captain, 46. Jarnigan, L. W., 241. Jobe, Ben, 239. Johnson, Ab. Johnson, T., 159. Johnston, Gen. A. S., 172. Johnston, Gen. Joseph E., 59, 65, 126, 148, 172, 173. Jones, D. C., 162. Jones, H. N., 241. Jones, J. E., 162. Jowett, Cullom, 164. Joyner, Major, 135.

Kennedy, Al, 240. Kennedy, A. W., 160. King, M. T., 157. Kirk, B., 161. Kirkpatrick, Captain, 47. Knox, Bob, 241. Knox, William, 159.

Lee, General, 172. Lester, Capt. J. R., 10, 13, 161. Lester, T., 157. Lester, William, 161. Light, Lieut. William, 10, 164. Lindamond, James, 157. Longstreet, General, 33. Love, James, 241. Lunn, W. F., 156. Luttrell, J., 157. Lyons, P. A., 156.

Magill, Walter, 163. Mallard, J. R., 156. Marlin, Jesse, 156. Martin, Gid, 162. Martin, R., 163. Massengale, John. Massengale, Lieut. Joe, 9, 143, 157. Massengale, William, 163. Mattern, H., 157. McCall, John, 163. McClelland, Abe, 157, 239. McClelland, Edward, 240. McDonough, James, 163. McDowell, Jack, 165. McGee, G. M., 158. McGill, S. M., 241. McKnight, Lieut. F. A., 162, 241. McKnight, S. M., 241. McLean, Lieut. Rice, 9, 156, 244. McLean, R. O., 9, 156, 239. McMillin, Capt., 12. McNairy, Col. Frank, 16. McNeilly, Rev. J. H., 191. Meely, T., 160. Miller, H., 162, 241. Miller, Joe, 243. Milton, C., 160. Minnis, Adjt. J. A., 9, 18. Minton, J., 158. Mitchell, J., 160. Mitchell, N., 160. Mitchell, N. A., 240. Mitchell, O. K., 163. Moate, O. I., 243. Modly, A., 158. Mont, T., 159. Moore, C. W., 241. Moore, G. C., 10, 158. Morrell, William, 157. Morris, J. M., 164. Moses, Capt. Frank, 244. Moss, Pat, 240. Mullinax, F., 159. Murray, D. D., 241. Murrey, E. H., 241. Murrell, J. T., 157.

Nance, J. B., 9, 129. Neal, William, 166. Nealy, J., 160. Neely, E., 240. Neely, I. E., 241. Neil, W. J., 156. Nelson, Henry, 166. Nevels, Ben, 156. Newlan, Anderson. Newsom, Joe, 165. Nichol, Capt. J. W., 10, 132, 162, 241, 248. Nugent, John, 241.

O’Dell, P., 157. Odum, D., 159. Oglesby, Nick, 156. Orr, Lieut. J. N., 9. Owens, Elias, 164.

Padgett, James, 164. Pain, G. V. and William. Parton, Capt. J. J., 10. Patrick, A. R., 162. Patrick, Robert, 241. Paty, M., 158. Pemberton, M., 159. Phelps, Billy, 242. Phelps, R., 242. Phillips, J. M., 10, 159. Phillips, W. H., 73, 161. Pickett, J. M., 163. Pickett, John, 163. Polk, Lieutenant General, 64. Poor, Pleasant, 165. Porterfield, D., 160. Powell, N., 159. Preston, B. P., 160. Preston, Lieut. H. L., 10, 143, 160, 240. Price, John T., 9.

Raine, John, 166. Rains, Gen. Jim, 13. Ransom, C., 156. Reed, James, 156. Reid, B., 160. Richerson, O., 159. Ridley, Granville.[4] Roberts, C. M., 162. Roberts, L. M., 162, 241. Robinson, Arch, 162. Robinson, A. W., 162. Robinson, Jesse, 162. Robinson, M., 159. Roder, A. L., 157. Roland, A., 158. Rushing, Joe A., 162. Rushing, J. R., 160. Rushing, Sergt. Maj. W. A., 9, 113, 239. Russell, Lieut. H., 10. Ryburn, J. S., 157.

Sagely, Lieut. J. A., 10, 162. Sams, William, 157. Sandifer, William, 156. Scoggins, Lieut. Sam, 10, 134, 240. Scruggs, Lieut. R. L., 10, 158, 240. Shell, William, 163. Shumate, R., 163. Shutt, Hal, 243. Sienknecht, Dr. Henry, 243. Simpson, J. N., 243. Singleton, James, 165. Slaughter, George, 156. Smith, Col. Baxter, 9, 17, 18, 125, 130, 143, 186, 239, 249. Smith, Jack, 163. Smith, John, 165. Smith, William, 164. Snodgrass, J. Y., 157. Spain, W. M., 162. Spencer, Z., 156. Stahl, General, 117. Stanton, Col. S. S., 61. Starnes, Gen. James, 20. Stearns, Colonel, 11. Stewart, Gen. A. P., 62. Stewart, J. A., 9, 17, 158. Stone, William, 163. Storey, Lieut. J. W., 10, 165, 243. Sullivan, T., 158. Sullivan, W. S., 10. Sutton, H., 164.

Tacket, Alex, 164. Taylor, W. H., 241. Thomas, James, 243. Thompson, D., 164. Thompson, James, 156. Thompson, Z., 161, 241. Tippett, Jim, 239. Tittle, T. J., 160. Todd, Alfred, 162. Todd, Calep, 162. Todd, Walker, 162. Tolbert, D. W., 162. Tomlinson, E., 158. Trousdale, W., 158. Turner, J. M., 156.

Vance, T., 160. Van Trease, A., 165. Vinson, T., 240.

Walker, Colonel, 65. Walkup, L., 160. Wallace, W., 243. Waller, Sam, 156. Warner, Polk, 239. Warren, W. T., 242. Warren, W. W., 163. Watkins, Thomas, 164. Watts, David, 156. Weakley, Wat, 247. Weaver, C., 159. Webber, C. M., 162. Wharton, General, 11, 27, 46. Wharton, J. H., 241. Wharton, Tobe, 166. Wheeler, General, 11, 16, 69, 108, 150, 179. White, Dr. R. L. C., 247. White, Lieutenant, 17. White, M. M., 163. Whitecotten, I., 163. Wilbern, J., 239. Williams, A., 164. Williams, General, 97, 102. Williams, James, 163. Williamson, Lieutenant, 241. Williamson, Lieut. James, 10. Wilson, Billy, 156. Winder, J. B., 164. Witherspoon, D. C., 162. Witherspoon, Sam, 162. Wood, William, 157, 240. Woods, C. C., 157. Wyly, Capt. H. A., 10, 44, 161. Wynn, W. R., 156, 239.

Yarbrough, Joe, 156, 239. Young, Dock, 158. Young, Gen. Bennett H., 204. Youree, A. H., 241. Youree, Frank, 162. Youree, Lieut. Dave, 10, 162. Youree, W. H., 162.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Resigned soon after organization of Regiment, and Lieut. George C. Moore succeeded him, serving till the surrender.

[2] This Company was not attached to the Regiment till just before the battle of Chickamauga. It had been the escort of General McGowan, who resigned, and it reported to the Fourth Tennessee, serving till the surrender. It was a very small company.

[3] I was not in the Kentucky campaign of Gen. Braxton Bragg in the summer and early fall of 1862. I have asked Colonel Smith to write it, as he was a major in command of five companies that afterwards formed a part of the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel at its organization, in October, 1862. In order that this narrative may present a full history of their services and his own during the war, he has contributed the interesting account in Chapter XVII.

[4] Granville Ridley enlisted in the Regiment when sixteen years of age, while Wheeler was on his last raid into Tennessee in 1864, and served faithfully till the surrender.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

The following corrections have been made in the text: