Part 1

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A BRIEF HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH AUTHORS

BY OSCAR FAY ADAMS

BOSTON HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY New York: 11 East Seventeenth Street The Riverside Press, Cambridge 1884

Copyright, 1883, By OSCAR FAY ADAMS.

_All rights reserved._

_The Riverside Press, Cambridge_: Electrotyped and Printed by H. O. Houghton & Co.

PREFACE.

This brief handbook is intended simply for every-day use, when reference to larger works of the kind may not be convenient. Experience has proved that the small book which can be readily taken up is consulted far more frequently than the ponderous volume that requires great muscular exertion to lift.

In the world of letters as in the world of society conventionality plays no unimportant part, as every student of literature knows. That there is such a thing as "conventional immortality" every biographical dictionary yields abundant evidence. Even so small a work as this must necessarily contain many names that have achieved this conventional immortality through the accident of circumstance. Some literary fames are among the legacies left by preceding centuries to the present one to account for and explain. And when all is said, "the iniquity of oblivion blindly scattereth her poppy and dealeth with the memory of men without distinction to merit of perpetuity." OSCAR FAY ADAMS. ERIE, PA., _October 28, 1883_.

PUBLISHERS REFERRED TO IN THIS VOLUME.

_Apl._ Appleton, D., & Co. New York City. _Arm._ Armstrong, A. C., & Son " " " _A. T. S._ American Tract Society " " " _A. U. A._ American Unitarian Association Boston, Mass. _Bi._ Bickers & Son London, England. _Ca._ Carter, Robert, & Brothers New York City. _Cas._ Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co New York, London, and Paris. _Cath._ Catholic Publication Soc. Co. New York City. _Clx._ Claxton, E., & Co. Philadelphia, Pa. _Di._ Dick & Fitzgerald New York City. _Do._ Dodd, Mead & Co.. " " " _Dra._ Draper, Warren F. Andover, Mass. _Dut._ Dutton, E. P., & Co. New York City. _El._ Ellis, George H. Boston, Mass. _Est._ Estes & Lauriat " " _Fu._ Funk, I. K., & Co. New York City. _Har._ Harper & Bro. " " " _Ho._ Holt, Henry, & Co. " " " _Hou._ Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Boston, Mass. _Jo._ Johnson, T. & J. W. Philadelphia, Pa. _Ju._ Judd, Orange New York City. _La._ Lea's, Henry C., Son & Co. Philadelphia, Pa. _Le._ Lee & Shepard Boston, Mass. _Lip._ Lippincott, J. B., & Co. Philadelphia, Pa. _Lit._ Little, Brown & Co. Boston, Mass. _Lo._ Lothrop, D., & Co. " " _Mac._ Macmillan & Co. New York and London. _Mil._ Miller, James New York City. _Mur._ Murphy, John Baltimore, Md. _Mu._ Munsell Albany, N. Y. _Nel._ Nelson, Thos., & Sons New York, London, and Edinburgh. _Os._ Osgood, James R., & Co. Boston, Mass. _P. B._ Presbyterian Bd. of Publication Philadelphia, Pa. _Pet._ Peterson, T. B., & Co. Philadelphia, Pa. _Phi._ Phillips & Hunt New York City. _Pi._ Pict, John B. Baltimore, Md. _Por._ Porter & Coates Philadelphia, Pa. _Put._ Putnam's, G. P., Sons New York City. _Ran._ Randolph, A. D. F., & Co. " " " _Rob._ Roberts Brothers Boston, Mass. _Rou._ Routledge, George, & Sons New York and London. _Sad._ Sadlier D. &. J., & Co. New York City. _Scr._ Scribner's, Charles, Sons " " " _Sh._ Sheldon & Co. " " " _Th._ Thomas, F. H. St. Louis, Mo. _Wid._ Widdleton, W. J. New York City. _Wiley_ Wiley, John, & Son " " " _Wor._ Worthington, R. " " "

HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH AUTHORS.

=Abbott, Edwin A.= 183 Shakespearean scholar. Author of a Shakespearean Grammar, a Handbook of Elizabethan English, etc. _Pub. Mac. Rob._

=A'Becket, Gilbert Abbot.= 1811-1856. Humorist. Author Comic Hist. of England, Comic Hist. of Rome, Comic Blackstone, etc. _Pub. Apl. Lip._

=Adams, Mrs. Sarah [Flower].= 1805-1848. Known chiefly by her hymn, "Nearer, my God, to Thee."

=Adams, Wm.= 1814-1848. Religious writer. Author of Sacred Allegories, etc. _See Edition of 1869, with Life._ _Pub. Lip._

=Addison, Joseph.= 1672-1719. Essayist and poet. His tragedy of Cato is now little read, but his Hymns still continue deservedly popular. As a prose writer A. has exercised an influence upon the manners, morals, and general culture of his time not easily overestimated. His style is graceful, gentle, and persuasive. With Steele he created the Periodical Essay, and was the chief contributor to the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian. _See Thackeray's Eng. Humorists_, _Aikin's Memorials of Addison._ _Pub. Har. Lip._

=Aguilar [ae-ge-lar'], Grace.= 1816-1847. Novelist. Home Influence, Woman's Friendship, and Days of Bruce are her chief works. _Pub. Apl. Har._

=Aikin [[=a]'kin], John.= 1747-1822. Biographer and miscellaneous writer. One of the authors of Evenings at Home. _Pub. Har._

=Aikin, Lucy.= 1781-1864. Dau. to J. A. Historian and poet. Author Memoirs of the Courts of Elizabeth, James I., Charles I., Memorials of Addison, etc.

=Ainsworth, Robert.= 1660-1743. Classical lexicographer.

=Ainsworth, Wm. Francis.= 180 Geologist and traveller. Author Travels in Asia Minor, Researches in Assyria, Babylonia, and Chaldea, etc.

=Ainsworth, Wm. Harrison.= 1805-1882. Cousin to W. F. A. Novelist. His historical novels are numerous, but Jack Sheppard is his most famous work, and has been 8 times dramatized. His popularity has been very great, many of his works having been translated into most European languages, yet their literary merit is not high, and the influence of Jack Sheppard, in particular, is pernicious. _Pub. Har. Rou. Pet._

=Airy, George Biddell.= 180 Astronomer. Author Essays on the Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar, and numerous scientific papers of value.

=Akenside, Mark.= 1721-1770. Poet and physician. Author of a philosophical poem in blank verse on The Pleasures of the Imagination. _Pub. Hou._

=Alcuin [[)a]l'-kwin].= c. 735-804. Abp. York. Writer of Latin commentaries, dogmatic treatises, and numerous Latin poems.

=Aldhelm.= 656-709. Anglo-Latin poet. His principal theme is the praise of virginity, on which he has written in both prose and verse.

=Alexander, Adam.= 1741-1809. Scotch grammarian. Author of Classical Biog. etc.

=Alexander, Mrs. Cecil Frances.= 18-- ----. Poet. Best known by her famous poem, The Burial of Moses. _Pub. Dut. Mac._

=Alexander, Mrs.= Novelist. See Hector, Mrs. Annie Alexander.

=Alexander, Wm.= c. 1580-1640. Scotch poet. Author Recreations with the Muses, Doomsday, etc. Style didactic and heavy. _See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2._

=Alford [awl'ford], Henry.= 1810-1871. Dean of Canterbury. Author of Poems, a valuable edition of the Greek Testament, a much criticised Plea for the Queen's English, etc. _See Life, Journals, and Letters. See Moon's The Dean's English._ _Pub. Har. Ran. Rou._

=Alfred the Great.= 848-901. The Father of English Prose. An untiring scholar whose labors gave form and dignity to the English tongue. His translations from the Latin are numerous and valuable, among them being Baeda's Ecclesiastical History and Boethius's Consolations of Philosophy. _See Green's Making of England._

=Alfric.= ---- 1006. Abp. Canterbury. A noted theologian and grammarian. His 80 Homilies his chief work. He translated the books of Moses and wrote many theological works.

=Alison, Archibald.= 1757-1839. Scotch theological writer. Essays on Taste, etc. _Pub. Har._

=Alison, Sir Archibald.= 1792-1867. Son to preceding. Historian. Author of a Hist. of Europe in 18 vols. and a Life of Marlborough. _Pub. Har._

=Allein [[)a]l'l[)e]n], Joseph.= 1633-1668. Theologian. Author of Alarm to the Unconverted.

=Allen, Chas. Grant.= 184 Author of Physiological AEsthetics, Color and Sense, Force and Energy, etc. _Pub. Apl._

=Allingham, Wm.= 182 Irish poet. Author Day and Night Songs, Songs, Ballads and Stories, etc. _Pub. Mac._

=A. L. O. E.= See Tucker, Charlotte.

=Andrews, Lancelot.= 1555-1626. Bp. Winchester. The most eminent preacher of his time, and a High Church theologian of great rigor and learning. He was one of the translators of the Bible and author of 4 vols. of Sermons and a Manual of Private Devotions. Style involved and artificial. _Pub. Dut._

=Anster, John.= 1798-1867. Irish poet. Author of a much admired translation of Faust.

=Anstey, Christopher.= 1724-1805. Poet. The New Bath Guide (pub. 1766) is his chief work and was the most popular book of its day. It is a lively, versified description of life and manners of Bath. _See his Works, pub. 1808, with Life, by his son._

=Arbuthnot [aer'b[)u]th-not], John.= 1675-1735. Humorist. Author Hist. John Bull, Art of Political Lying, Memoirs of P. P. Clark of this Parish, and supposed author of the greater part of the famous satire upon the abuses of learning, the Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus.

=Armstrong, John.= 1709-1779. Scotch poet and physician. Author of the Art of Preserving Health, a poem of much originality of style.

=Arnold, Edwin.= 183 Poet and journalist. His chief work, The Light of Asia, gives him a high rank among modern poets. The subject is the life of Buddha. He has translated much from the Sanskrit, and is the author of Griselda, Lyrical and Dramatic Poems, The Indian Song of Songs, Pearls of the Faith, etc. Style elevated and versification musical. _Pub. Rob._

=Arnold, Matthew.= 182 Son to succeeding. Poet and essayist. His poetry is pervaded by a vein of doubt and mistrust, although elevated in character and of great merit. Tristram and Iseult, and Thyrsis, an elegy on the poet Clough, are among his best poems. His prose works are numerous and important. Literature and Dogma, and Essays in Criticism are among the best known. The phrase "sweetness and light" was made familiar by him. _See Hutton's Essays, Swinburne's Essays and Studies, Stedman's Victorian Poets, Edinburgh Rev. April, 1869._ _Pub. Har. Mac. Ho. Ste._

=Arnold, Thomas.= 1795-1842. Head Master of Rugby. Author Hist. Rome and Lect. on Modern Hist. He exercised a great and beneficial influence upon the minds of the young Englishmen of his time. _See Life and Correspondence of Arnold, by A. P. Stanley, and Hughes' School Days at Rugby._ _Pub. Apl._

=Arnold, Thos. Kerchever.= 1800-1853. Author of classical text-books. _Pub. Apl._

=Arnold, Wm. Delafield.= 1828-1859. Son to T. A. Writer of historical sketches and lectures.

=Arnott, Neil.= 1788-1874. Scotch scientist. Author Elements of Physics, etc. _Pub. Apl._

=Ascham [[)a]s'kam], Roger.= 1515-1568. Tutor of Lady Jane Grey and Q. Elizabeth. Author of Toxophilus, a treatise on the bow, and The Schoolmaster. A. possessed a clear, correct style.

=Ashe, Thomas.= 183 Poet. Author of The Sorrows of Hypsipyle, etc.

=Ashmole, Elias.= 1617-1692. Antiquary. Author of Laws of the Order of the Garter, etc.

=Atterbury, Francis.= 1662-1732. Bp. Rochester. Theologian. Author Sermons and numerous controversial writings.

=Aubrey, John.= 1626-1697. Antiquary. A. published a collection of popular superstitions.

=Austen, Jane.= 1775-1817. Novelist. Author of Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Persuasion, Emma, The Watsons, and Lady Susan. These novels are examples of the finest literary art, and have delighted cultured minds for almost three generations. Her character-drawing is strong and realistic. _See Atlantic Monthly, Feb. 1863. See Jane Austen and her Works by Sarah Tytler (pub. 1881)._ _Pub. Har. Por. Lit. Rou._

=Austin, Alfred.= 183 Poet and novelist. Author of An Artist's Proof, Interludes, The Human Tragedy, etc. _Pub. Mac._

=Austin, Mrs. Sarah.= 1793-1867. Author Characteristics of Goethe, and of numerous translations from the German.

=Ayton [[=a]'tun], Sir Robert.= 1570-1638. Scotch poet. Remembered for his lyric, "I do confess thou'rt smooth and fair."

=Aytoun [a'tun], Wm. Edmondstoune.= 1813-1865. Scotch poet. Author Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, Bothwell, Edinburgh after Flodden, and with T. Martin, of the Bon Gaultier Ballads. _See Memoir by Theodore Martin._ _Pub. Arm. Hou._

=Babbage, Chas.= 1790-1871. Mathematician and philosopher. Author of The Economy of Manufactures and Machinery, A Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, etc.

=Bacon, Francis.= Viscount St. Albans and Baron Verulam. 1561-1626. Philosopher. The Founder of Inductive Philosophy. He wrote, in both Eng. and Latin, The advancement of Learning, Novum Organum and Historia Naturalis et Experimentalis from the Instauratio Magna, which embodies his system of philosophy. His Essays are his most important English work. A man of great genius and wonderful intellectual activity whose writings cover a wide range. He awakened the scientific spirit in England and gave it form. The best edition of B. is that by James Spedding. _See Life and Letters of Bacon, by James Spedding (1870), also W. H. Dixon's Personal History of Lord Bacon._ _Pub. Hou._

=Bacon, Roger= (Friar.) 1214-1292. Philosopher. The great light of the thirteenth century. In his Opus Major he anticipated many inventions of later times, and displayed a familiarity with all branches of study of his day.

=Bage, Robert.= 1728-1801. Novelist. Author of Man as he Is, The Fair Syrian, etc. _See Life, by Walter Scott._

=Bagehot [b[=a]j'ut], Walter.= 1826-1877. Essayist and journalist. Author of Lombard Street, Physics and Politics, The Eng. Constitution, and Essays on Silver. _See Living Age, April 19, 1879._ _Pub. Apl. Lit. Scr._

=Bailey, Philip James.= 181 Poet. Author of Festus, The Angel World, The Mystic, The Age, etc. Festus, which had a brief popularity, is a work of unequal merit, but contains a few brilliant passages.

=Baillie, Joanna.= 1764-1851. Scotch dramatist. Has been called "the female Shakespeare." Author of Plays on the Passions, etc. Her tragedy of De Montfort is her finest effort. _See complete Works in one vol. with Life (1853). See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4._

=Baker, Sir Samuel White.= 182 Traveller. Author of the Albert Nyanza, The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, Ismailia, etc. _Pub. Har. Lip. Mac._

=Balfour, Francis Maitland.= 1851-1882. Biologist. Author Elements of Comparative Embryology. Development of the Elasmobranch Fishes, etc. Style acute and original. _See Fortnightly Rev. Nov. 1882._ _Pub. Mac._

=Banim [b[=a]'nim], John.= 1798-1842. Irish novelist. His novels deal almost exclusively with the tragic side of Irish peasant life. _See Life, by P. J. Murray, 1857._

=Banks, Sir Joseph.= 1743-1820. Naturalist. _See Cuvier, Elegy on Sir J. Banks, 1821._

=Barbauld [bar'bawld or bar-b[=o]'], Mrs. Anna Laetitia.= 1743-1825. Miscellaneous writer. Author of Hymns in Prose, Miscellaneous Poems, etc. Among her best efforts is the exquisite little poem, Life. Some of her religious poetry is deservedly popular. Style easy and graceful. _See edition with Memoir, by L. Aikin, 1827._

=Barbour, John.= 1316-1396. Archdeacon of Aberdeen. Scotch poet. His Bruce, a metrical hist. in 13,000 octosyllabic lines, is a chronicle of the life of King Robert I., and has historical value as well as literary merit. _See Craik's Eng. Lit. vol. I._

=Barclay, Robert.= 1648-1690. Scotch writer. His Apology for the Quakers was first pub. in Latin.

=Barham [b[)a]r'am], Richard Harris.= 1788-1845. Humorous poet. Author of the Ingoldsby Legends, a witty volume of facile rhymes. _Pub. Por. Wid._

=Baring-Gould, Sabine.= 183 Author Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, Lives of the Saints, etc. _See Lit. World, Jan. 13, 1883._ _Pub. Apl. Lip. Rob._

=Barnard, Lady Anne.= 1750-1825. Scotch poet. Author of Auld Robin Gray.

=Barnfield, Richard.= 1574-c. 1605. Poet. His ode "As it fell upon a day" was once ascribed to Shakespeare. _See Warton's Eng. Poetry._

=Barrow, Isaac.= 1630-1677. Theologian and mathematician. Author of Sermons and Mathematical works of almost equal renown. _See Selections from, pub. 1866._ _Pub. Mac._

=Barton, Bernard.= 1784-1849. A Friend of Lamb's. "The Quaker Poet." Author of Poetic Vigils, Devotional Verses, etc., the literary merit of which is but slight.

=Baxter, Richard.= 1615-1691. Theologian. A voluminous writer, but now best known by his Saints' Rest, and Call to the Unconverted. _See edition of 1850 in 23 vols. with Life._ _Pub. Clx._

=Bayley, Thos. Haynes.= 1797-1839. Song writer. Author of I'd be a Butterfly, She wore a Wreath of Roses, We met, 't was in a Crowd, etc.

=Bayne, Peter.= 183 Essayist and biographer. Author of Christian Life, Essays in Biographical Criticism, Life of Hugh Miller, etc. _Pub. Har. Rou._

=Beale, Lionel Smith.= 182 Scientific writer of note. Author of How to Work with the Microscope, Protoplasm, The Mystery of Life, etc.

=Beattie [bee't[)i] or b[=a]'t[)i]], James.= 1735-1803. Scotch poet. Author of The Minstrel, a long, prosy poem in Spenserian stanza, and a prose Essay on Truth. _See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3._ _Pub. Hou._

=Beaumont, Francis.= 1586-1615. Dramatist. Colleague of John Fletcher. Their collected plays amount to 52, of which 14 were in part the work of B., but his separate authorship is not easy to trace. B. and F. in their day were more popular than Shakespeare, but none of their plays now keep the stage. Their blank verse is melodious and their wit and humor sparkling, but their plays reflect the full coarseness of the time. Among plays written by them jointly are Philaster, Thierry and Theodoret, A King and No King, and the comedy of The Knight of the Burning Pestle. See Fletcher, John. _See Schlegel's Dramatic Lit., Hazlitt's Dramatic Lit. and Hallam's Lit. of Europe._ _Pub. Apl._

=Beaumont, Sir John.= 1582-1628. Bro. to F. B. Author Bosworth Field, a poem in heroic verse.

=Beckford, Wm.= 1760-1844. Author of Vathek, an Oriental romance. Style luxuriant. _See Chambers' Cyc. Eng. Lit._

=Beddoes, Thos. Lovell.= 1803-1849. Poet. Author The Bride's Tragedy, Death's Jest-Book, etc. _See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4._

=Bede, Cuthbert.= See Bradley, Edward.

=Bede, Beda, or Baeda, The Venerable.= 673-735. "First among Eng. scholars, first among Eng. theologians, first among Eng. historians." His whole life was passed in the monastery of Yarrow, where he composed more than 40 Latin works, the greatest of which is the Eccl. Hist. of the Eng. Nation. On the day of his death was finished his translation of St. John's Gospel into Eng., being the earliest example of Eng. prose. _See edition of Bede by Dr. Giles, 6 vols. 1843-4. See Green's Short Hist. of the Eng. People, also Green's Making of England._ _Pub. Dut._

=Behn= [b[)e]n], =Mrs. Aphra.= 1642-1689. Novelist and dramatist. Known in her day as Astraea. Author of The Forced Marriage, Oronooko, etc. A lively, immoral writer. _See edition of 1871. See Miss Kavanagh's Eng. Women of Letters, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2._

=Bellenden, Wm.= fl. c. 1615. Scotch classical writer. Author De Statu.

=Bentham, Jeremy.= 1748-1832. Philosopher and political economist. Founder of the Utilitarian school of thought, and a valued authority upon jurisprudence. Many reforms in Eng. jurisprudence are traceable to his influence. _See edition of 1843 in 11 vols. See Edinburgh Rev. Oct. 1843._

=Bentley, Richard.= 1662-1742. Classical writer. Author Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris, works provoked by his famous controversy with Boyle, and which rank as masterpieces of argument. They display great learning, a rapid, concise style, and a sarcastic wit. _See Bentley, by R. C. Jebb, in Eng. Men of Letters._

=Berkeley, George.= 1684-1753. Bp. Cloyne. Irish metaphysician. An eccentric but pure-minded thinker, in whose Principles of Human Knowledge is denied the existence of matter. Other works of B. are Alciphron or the Minute Philosopher, Theory of Vision, Siris, etc. Also the poem in which occurs the famous line, "Westward the course of empire takes its way." _See edition of Berkeley, by Fraser, 4 vols. Oxford, 1871._

=Berners, Lord.= 1469-1532. Translator of Froissart's Chronicle. The translation is faithful and is a masterpiece of picturesque and spirited English.

=Berners, Juliana.= c. 1388-c. 1461. Author of the Bokys of Hunting and Hawking. _See Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry._

=Besant, Walter.= 183 Novelist. Colleague of James Rice, and with him author of The Seamy Side, Ready Money Mortiboy, the Chaplain of the Fleet, Shepherds All and Maidens Fair, etc. Sole author of The Revolt of Man, Life of E. H. Palmer, etc. See Rice, James. _Pub. Har. Rob. Dut._

=Beveridge, Wm.= 1638-1708. Bp. St. Asaph. Theologian. Thesaurus Theologicus, Expositions of the Catechism and 39 Articles, and Private Thoughts are some of his chief works.

=Bickerstaff, Isaac.= 1735-c. 1788. Dramatist. Author of Maid of the Mill, Love in a Village, etc. _See Hazlitt's Essays on the Comic Writers._

=Bickersteth, Edward.= 1786-1850. Religious writer. Author of The Scripture Help, etc. _See edition of his Works in 17 vols. 1853. See Memoir of, by T. R. Birks, 1851._

=Bickersteth, Edward Henry.= 182 Son to E. B. Religious Poet. Author of Yesterday, To-Day and Forever, The Two Brothers, etc. _Pub. Ca. Dut._

=Bickersteth, Rob't.= 181 Bp. Ripon. Religious writer. Author of Lent Lectures, Bible Landmarks, etc.

=Birch, Thomas.= 1705-1766. Historian and biographer. Author of a General Dictionary, Historical and Critical.

=Black, Wm.= 184 Novelist. A prolific writer, the best of whose works are A Daughter of Heth, Princess of Thule, Strange Adventures of a Phaeton, and Macleod of Dare. They evince rare powers of description and much constructive skill. _See Harper's Mag. Dec. 1882._ _Pub. Har._

=Blackie, John Stuart.= 180 Scotch poet and scholar. For 30 years Greek Professor at Edinburgh Univ. His numerous works include Greek, Latin, and German translations, several vols. of poems, and a famous work on Self-Culture which has been translated into every European language. _Pub. Scr._

=Blackmore, Sir Richard.= 1650-1729. Poet. Author of the epics The Creation, and Prince Arthur.

=Blackmore, Richard Doddridge.= 182 Novelist. Author Lorna Doone, Maid of Sker, Alice Lorraine, Erema, Mary Anerly, Christowell, etc. A vigorous and original writer. Lorna Doone is his finest work. _Pub. Har. Lip._