Part 20

JEW, What is a? 135; 21; and Bible, 56‒64; the misunderstood of history, 65, 326; and Greek, 66; heroism of, 66, 78, 79; and scholarship, 99; and non-Jew, 9, 25, 26; as citizen, 176; of East London, 177; duty of every, 3, 4, 35. _See_ Israel, History, Patriotism, Learning, &c.

Jewels, story of, 305.

Jewish question, 93.

Job, Book of, 155.

Johanan ben Zakkai, 218, 287.

JONAH, Book of, 152 ff.

Jordan, The Watch on the, 177.

JOY, Religious aspect of, 250, 252 ff., 302.

Judah the Prince, 292, 313.

JUDAISM, 21, 23, 24, 65; a life, 21, 92; its obligations, 21; original truth of, 25, 197; and daughter religions, 79; and the times, 218‒9; and original sin, 197; and peace, 48‒9; connected with Jewish nation, 24; a positive religion, 23; revival of, 119; consciousness of, 259‒61. _See_ Israel, Mission; dogmas of, _see_ Dogma.

Judea, New, 128.

Justice, sacredness of, 32, 93, 133, 134, 328; faith and, 342.

KADDISH, 160, 199 ff.

_Kiddush Hashem_, 282, 322.

Kieff, Blood Libel in, 181.

Koran, 137.

Lamdan, 99.

Language, Hebrew. _See_ Hebrew.

LAW, JEWISH, and humanity, 69, 144, 335; study of, 5, 293; and Israel’s immortality, 128. _See_ Torah.

Law of Nations, 46.

Lazarus, Emma, Lucien Wolf on, 334.

LEARNING, Israel and, 162, 169, 177. _See_ Torah.

Lecha Dodi, 203.

LEGENDS, Talmudic, 302 ff.

Liberty, and the Jew, 135, 209, 285.

LIFE, Paths of, 7 ff.; the right, 273; the dedicated, 289; consists of deeds, not years, 303, 344; life and death, 310, 344.

Light in darkness, 298.

Light, Sabbath, 201, 339; kindling the, 202.

Lisbon, Auto-da-fé, 170.

LITERATURE, Jewish, 61, 71, 336; classic, and the prophets, 68.

LITURGY, superiority of Jewish, 160; George Eliot on Jewish, 161; and prayers for the Dying, 160; poetry and, 140. _See_ Prayer.

Litvack, 230.

London, the Jew of East, 177.

LOVE, of God, 20, 25, 212; to our neighbour, 39.

Loyalty to faith and country, 40‒1. _See_ Patriotism.

Lulav, 251.

Maccabaeus, Judas, 223.

MACCABEES, 124, 218, 257 ff., 262.

Mahomet, 57.

MAN, What is? 314; half angel, half brute, 275; and God, 290, 318, 319; and Nature, 328; his descent and destiny, 197, 300; his three friends, 311; his work for future, 303; Jewish great men, 74.

Manasseh ben Israel, 73.

Manners, good. _See_ Conduct.

Marriage, 8, 11, 322.

Martinez, Hernando, 167.

MARTYRDOM, Jewish, 76, 82, 168.

Mattathias, 257.

Mediation between man and God. _See_ God.

Meekness. _See_ Humility.

Meir, Rabbi, 308‒9.

MENORAH, 259 ff.

Merciful God. _See_ God.

Merit of the Children, 198.

MERIT OF THE FATHERS, 198.

MESSIANIC HOPE, 23, 48, 49.

Methodius, 174.

Middle Ages, Jew of. _See_ Jew.

Mishnah. _See_ Talmud.

Mission of Israel. _See_ Israel, Messianic Hope, Zionism.

Missionaries, Christian in China, 181.

Mitzvah, 216. _See_ Ceremonial.

Moab, 128.

Modin, 257.

Money, 306, 311.

Monobaz, King, 306.

MONOTHEISM, 28, 196, 197.

Moors of Spain, 166 ff.

Moral Foundations, 151.

Mordecai, 264 ff.

MOSES, 35, 120, 143 ff., 146, 289; and Israel, 64‒6; and Art, 66.

Mother, The Jewish. _See_ Woman.

Murder, 291.

Myrtles, Palms and, 251.

Nation, Jewish. _See_ Zionism.

National consciousness. _See_ Consciousness, Jewish.

Nationalism, and the Torah, 127.

NATIONS, Israel and the, 130 ff., 186.

Nature and Man, 328.

Nazarenes, 159.

Neighbour, love of, 291.

Nemirov, Rabbi of, 230, 342.

New Moon, 205.

Newport, Hebrew Congregation and George Washington, 95; Hebrew cemetery at, 175.

NEW YEAR FESTIVAL, 226 ff.

Nicholas, Czar, 107‒8.

Nineveh, repentance of the men of, 152.

NOBLESSE OBLIGE, 30.

NON-JEWS AND FUTURE LIFE, 26.

Norwegian and Yiddish, 98.

Original Sin, 197.

Original Virtue, 198.

Orscha, massacre at, 330.

PAIN, the Mystery of, 296; a discipline, 296, 297, 344.

PALESTINE, as a Jewish National Home, 184; the British Declaration on, 125 ff.; restoration to, 120.

Palm-Branch, 251.

Pantheism, 23.

Pappus and Rabbi Akiba, 307.

Parables and legends, Talmudic, 302 ff.

Parents, duties towards, 19.

PASSOVER, 163, 207 ff.; in Old Russia, 100; and liberty, 285, 340; the Seder, 206‒7.

Paths of Life, 7 ff.

PATRIOTISM, 35, 40‒1, 183. _See_ Citizen, Jew as.

Peace and Judaism, 48‒9.

People of the Book, 57.

Peloponnesian War, 42.

PENTECOST, 211 ff.

Pericles, 42.

PERSECUTION, 97, 166‒70, 178‒80, 285, 340. _See_ Pogrom, Israel.

Persians, 186.

Peter the Hermit, 164.

PHARISEES, 159.

Philo on Prayer, 189.

Pleasure, worldly, 312. _See_ Asceticism, Joy.

Pluralism, 23.

Poets, Poetry, 147; folk-song, 323.

POGROM in Russia, 100‒5, 330. _See_ Persecution.

Polytheism, 4.

POOR, 33, 140, 288; Jewish, 33, 177.

Popes, repudiate Blood Libel, 181.

Portugal and the Jews, 90, 166 ff.

Posterity, duty to, 303.

Praise of God’s works, 189.

PRAYER, 160, 161, 189 ff.; Philo on, 189; and Tears, 285. _See_ Liturgy.

Preservation of Israel. _See_ Israel.

Pride, 281, 285.

PROPHETS, the Hebrew, 67‒8, 151, 328.

Proselytes, 26, 27, 136. _See_ Conversion.

Providence, 3.

PSALMS, The, 147 ff.

PURIM, 264‒5.

Quakers, 181.

RABBIS, Work of the, 69‒72.

Rashi, 327.

Rebecca (Ivanhoe), 141.

Redeemer, God as, 39, 193.

REJOICING OF THE LAW, 254 ff.

RELIGION, 13, 282; and morality, 215; and Education, 13, 324; custom in, 217; fight for, 262; and science, 195; and Zionism, 127‒8.

REPENTANCE, 5, 22, 226, 243, 278, 288.

Resignation, 308‒9, 315. RESPONSIBILITY, Jewish, 6, 30, 35, 244, 322.

Resurrection, 286. _See_ Immortality.

Revelation and Israel, 64, 132, 336.

Revival, Israel’s, 122. _See_ Israel.

Richard I, and the Jews, 83.

RIGHTEOUSNESS, 67 ff., 134, 328.

Romanoffs, Under the, 106.

ROME AND ISRAEL, 4, 77 ff., 133‒4, 186, 223.

Rousseau, 173.

RUSSIA, Jew of, 97, 99, 100, 101 ff., 178‒80, 323, 330 ff.; Olive Schreiner on the, 177.

SABBATH, 12, 27, 144, 201 ff., 339.

Sage, Jewish, 34.

Saintliness. _See_ Holiness.

Salvation, secured by conduct, 25.

SCHOLARSHIP, Jewish, 162; 16, 17, 99.

Science and Judaism, 195.

Scripture, interpretations, 63. _See_ Bible.

Scroll of the Law, 214.

SEDER, the, 206, 163.

Self-denial. _See_ Dietary Laws.

Selfishness, 158, 290.

Self-reliance, 158, 290.

SELF-RESPECT, Jewish, 36.

Selichoth, 230.

Sepher Torah, 214.

Servant of God, 266, 285.

Service of God, joyous, 253; the morning, 190‒1.

Service of Synagogue. _See_ Liturgy, Synagogue, Prayer.

Shakespeare, 90.

Shame, 287.

Shammai, 253.

SHEMA, 24, 196.

Ships, Parable of the two, 310.

Shofar, 227.

SHYLOCK, 90.

Sick, visiting the, 7.

SIMCHAS TORAH, 254 ff.

SIN, 235, 282; Original Sin, 197.

Sincerity, 295.

Slaughtering, Ritual, of Animals, 178.

SLAVERY, Spiritual, 36, 79, 123.

Social Justice, 133, 134.

SOLDIER, THE JEWISH, 41.

Song of the Three Children quoted, 165.

Soul, 20, 197, 240; Soul and body, 313.

South Africa and the Russian Jew, 177.

SPAIN, Expulsion from, 86‒8, 166‒9.

Speech, 20.

Spiritualism, the real, 198.

STUDENT, the Jewish, 17, 162.

Superstition, 10.

Symbols. _See_ Ceremonies.

Sympathy, 32.

SYNAGOGUE, the, 14, 161 ff. _See_ Prayer, Liturgy.

TABERNACLES, 250 ff.

TALMUD, 69 ff.; sayings from, 285 ff.; parables and legends, 6, 302 ff.; study of, 17, 34; burning of the, 156, 162. _See_ Index of Sources.

Tarphon, Rabbi, 318.

Temple, 172, 185, 218, 291.

TEN COMMANDMENTS, 215.

Tephillin, 216, 341.

TIME AND ETERNITY, 301.

Times, Judaism and the, 218.

Toledo, massacre at, 167.

TOLERANCE, 25 ff., 136, 160, 306; Jew, emblem of, 136, 306.

TORAH, meaning of, 17; student of, 17; and Israel, 127, 128, 307. _See_ Law, Bible.

TORAH, SEPHER, 214.

Torquemada, 166; a new, 179.

Tragedy of Assimilation, 119.

Transcendentalism of God, 193.

TREASURES, earthly, 304; heavenly, 306.

Trust in God, 50, 204, 239.

TRUTH, 8, 20, 272, 284.

UKRAINE, multi-massacres in, 331.

Uprightness, 20.

UNITY OF GOD. _See_ God, Shema.

UNIVERSALISM, Jewish, 25, 26, 69, 158, 210, 306.

Valentia, massacre at, 167.

Versions of the Bible. _See_ Bible.

Vedas, 137.

‘Veteran of History’, 30.

Virtue, Original, 198.

Voltaire, 173.

WAR, the Great, 46, 47.

War Graves Commission, 325.

Warrior, Jew as, 41.

WASHINGTON, George, and the Jews, 95‒6.

WATCH ON THE JORDAN, 117.

WEEKS, FEAST OF. _See_ Pentecost.

White Garments on Day of Atonement, 236.

WICKED, thoughts of, 277; repentance of, 278.

Widow, duty to, 8.

Wife. _See_ Woman.

WILL, freedom of, 276, 328.

WISDOM, 19, 158, 270, 281, 284; true, 317; the wise and foolish, 280‒1.

Witness, Israel as. _See_ Israel.

WOMAN, Jewish, 8, 10‒12.

Words, ill, 8, 9; multiplying, 20.

Work, 20, 318.

Works, good, 311.

Worship, Public. _See_ Liturgy, Synagogue.

Yahrzeit, 199.

YIDDISH, 98; Cradle song, 12; folk-song, 323; literature, 333.

Yogi, Jewish, 34.

YOM KIPPUR. _See_ Atonement, Day of.

YORK, Jews of, 83‒5.

Youth, its opportunities, 5; its obligations, 18‒21.

Zechut Abot. _See_ Original Virtue.

ZEDAKAH, 31, 32. _See_ Justice, Charity.

Zerubbabel, 124.

ZION, Halevi’s Ode to, 220.

ZIONISM, 117‒28, 183, 184, 334; and religion, 127‒8.

Zohar, 34.

Zunz, 35.

PRINTED AT OXFORD, ENGLAND BY FREDERICK HALL, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

Footnotes.

1 – Cf. p. 141.

2 – The Greek-speaking Jewish communities of antiquity, especially Alexandria, Egypt.

3 – The word Torah has various meanings――the Pentateuch, the Bible, the Talmud, as well as the whole body of religious study and practice.

4 – In use in English Sephardi Congregations on the occasion of a lad reaching the age of thirteen――his religious majority (Bar Mitzvah).

5 – Lived about 10 B.C.E.‒90 C.E. See p. 292.

6 – Lived first century; President of the Academy at Yabneh.

7 – From _The Jewish Encyclopedia_, ‘Judaism’ (London and New York: Funk & Wagnalls).

8 – In the first century, large numbers of non-Jews throughout the Roman world became proselytes to Judaism.

9 – In Hebrew there is only one word, _Zedakah_, for both Charity and Justice. Charity to the poor is thus merely justice to the poor.

10 – From _Sermons_ (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

11 – School, usually for religious instruction only.

12 – From _Anglo-Jewish Memories_ (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

13 – From _Songs of a Wanderer_ (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society).

14 – Cf. p. 214.

15 – Cf. pp. 137‒140.

16 – Name for Synagogue liturgical poet.

17 – The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation, with the aid of previous versions and with constant consultation of Jewish Authorities. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia.

18 – From ‘The Position of Judaism’, _North American Review_, April, 1895.

19 – Cf. p. 143.

20 – Cf. p. 151‒4.

21 – Cf. p. 157.

22 – Cf. p. 159.

23 – Only the sudden death of the deranged emperor saved the defenceless population from fearful massacre.

24 – The Jewish communities in the Rhine region were then decimated by massacre or by self-immolation in order to escape baptism.

25 – Term for ‘rabbi’ among Sephardi Jews.

26 – On the day following the expulsion, Columbus set sail for the discovery of America.

27 – Poetic name for Israel.

28 – ‘Ishmael’ and ‘Persia’ stand for Mohammedan and Christian Powers respectively.

29 – From _Blind Children_ (London: Heinemann).

30 – One of the oldest Jewish congregations on the North American continent; founded in 1658.

31 – From _History of the Jews in Poland and Russia_ (London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons).

32 – From _The Jewish World_, London.

33 – From _The Promised Land_ (London: Heinemann).

34 – From _The Promised Land_ (London: Heinemann).

35 – From _Stories and Pictures_ (Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia).

36 – From _Children of the Ghetto_ (London: Heinemann).

37 – See p. 184.

38 – From _History of the People of Israel_ (London: Chapman & Hall).

39 – See p. 290.

40 – Cf. pp. 57‒63.

41 – From _Passages of the Bible Chosen for their Literary Beauty_ (London: A. & C. Black).

42 – The Works of T. H. Huxley (London: Macmillan & Co.).

43 – Cf. p. 66.

44 – Cf. pp. 67 and 68.

45 – The Book of Jonah, together with Isaiah 58, is the prophetical Lesson for the Day of Atonement.

46 – From _History of the Jewish Church_ (London: John Murray).

47 – Cf. p. 69.

48 – See p. 290 for the exact wording of Hillel’s saying.

49 – Cf. p. 72.

50 – See p. 268.

51 – Authorized Prayer Book, p. 317.

52 – From _Daniel Deronda_ (London: William Blackwood & Sons).

53 – From _Israel Among the Nations_ (London: Heinemann).

54 – From _Historical Miniatures_ (London: George Allen & Unwin).

55 – A book in the Apocrypha.

56 – From _History of Rationalism in Europe_ (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).

57 – From _A Short History of the English People_ (London: Macmillan & Co.).

58 – See foot-note, p. 95. In consequence of the American Revolution, the congregation became extinct. No Jew lived in Newport when this poem was written.

59 – Cp. pp. 97‒108.

60 – From _Democracy and Liberty_ (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).

61 – Cp. p. 125.

62 – From _The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg_ (London: Chatto & Windus).

63 – Authorized Prayer Book, p. 3.

64 – From _Songs of a Jew_ (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

65 – _Scroll of the Law._

66 – Plural of _Mitzvah_, a ritual precept or ceremonial law. _Mitzvah_ also means ‘a good deed’.

67 – See p. 290.

68 – Johanan ben Zakkai, pupil of Hillel and leader of Israel after the Destruction of Jerusalem (70 C.E.). He rescued Judaism by founding the Academy at Jabneh.

69 – From _Service of the Synagogue_ (George Routledge & Sons).

70 – Term for ‘rabbi’ among the Chassidim or Pietists of Eastern Europe.

71 – Penitential Prayers before New Year and Atonement Day.

72 – Temporary group of worshippers; also term for the quorum of ten males required for public worship; see p. 6, last line.

73 – From _Service of the Synagogue_ (Geo. Routledge & Sons).

74 – Reading Desk, usually in the centre of the Synagogue.

75 – From _Service of the Synagogue_ (George Routledge & Sons).

76 – ‘Your health!’

77 – See 2 Maccabees for the story of the martyr mother and her seven sons.

78 – Cf. p. 156.

79 – In _The Jewish Encyclopedia_, ‘Holiness’ (London and New York: Funk & Wagnalls).

80 – See foot-note p. 218.

81 – Greatest of Mishna teachers; mystic, warrior, and martyr (132 C.E.).

82 – Companion of Akiba; declared the brotherhood of man to be the fundamental principle of religion.

83 – Most renowned of the Rabbis; born in Babylon about one hundred years before the Destruction of the Temple (70 C.E.).

84 – Died in the middle of the first century.

85 – Lived 135‒220; ‘Patriarch’ and editor of the Mishna.

86 – Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.

87 – Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

Punctuation has been standardized.

This book was written in a period when many words had not become standardized in their spelling. Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated below.

Index references have not been checked for accuracy.

Changes made

Page 112: Sentence starting: And through the rushing.... – ‘speakly’ replaced with ‘speaking’ (speaking sweetly as a violin.)

Page 218: Sentence starting: When the Temple at Jerusalem.... – ‘Wordly’ replaced with ‘Worldly’ (when Worldly Wisdom would)

Page 237: Sentence starting: Israel appears before God.... – ‘Atonenent’ replaced with ‘Atonement’ (on the Atonement Day)

Page 325: Sentence starting: 36. Achad Ha’am:... – ‘Ahad’ replaced with ‘Achad’ (Achad Ha’am:)

Page 359: Sentence starting: Bontzye Shweig,... – ‘169’ replaced with ‘109’ (Bontzye Shweig, 109 ff.)

Page 361: Sentence starting: .... – ‘Azariah’ replaced with ‘Azaryah’ (Eleazar ben Azaryah, 19.)