Part 33
=Study Questions.= _1._ Why did the Danes go to England? _2._ Tell all the anecdotes about Alfred the Great. _3._ Prove that he was a good man. _4._ Why did the Normans invade England? _5._ Tell the story of Hastings. _6._ Explain the mixture of races in England. _7._ How did the Anglo-Saxons conquer the Normans? _8._ Who was Henry II, and what did he do? _9._ How did he prepare the way for Magna Charta? _10._ Prove that John was a bad king. _11._ Tell the story of Runnymede. _12._ Give the date of Magna Charta, the Petition of Right, and the Bill of Rights. _13._ What do Americans owe these charters?
=Suggested Readings.= Mowry, _First Steps in History of England_, 38-97; Tappan, _England's Story_, 24-93; Blaisdell, _Stories from English History_, 27-77; Dickens, _A Child's History of England_, 18-24, 50-63, 89-110, 122-168; Guerber, _Story of the English_, 42-53, 73-84, 117-128; Yonge, _Young Folks' History of England_; Mace-Tanner, _Old Europe and Young America_, 162-183.
A PRONOUNCING INDEX
Webster's New International Dictionary, the Century Cyclopedia of Names, and the Encyclopedia Americana have been used as authorities for spelling and pronunciation.
_Adirondack_ (ăd´ĭ-=rŏn´=dăk) _Achilles_ (ă-=kĭl´=ēz) _Aisne_ (ân) _Alamo_ (=ä´=lä-mō) _Alcuin_ (=ăl´=kwĭn) _Algonquin_ (ăl-=gŏŋ´=kĭn) _Allegheny_ (=ăl´=ē̍-gā´nĭ) _Altamaha_ (ôl´t_ȧ_-m_ȧ_-=hô´=) _Andes_ (=ăn´=dēz) _Angles_ (=ăŋ´=g'lz) _Annapolis_ (_ă_-=năp´=ō̍-lĭs) _Antietam_ (ăn-=tē´=t_ă_m) _Appalachian_ (ăp´_ȧ_-=lăch´=ĭ-_ă_n) _Appomattox_ (ăp´ō̍-=măt´=_ŭ_ks) _Argonne_ (är´=gō̍n´=) _Aristotle_ (=ăr´=ĭs-tot'´l) _Arizona_ (ăr´ĭ-=zō´=n_ȧ_) _Arkansas_ (=är´=k_ă_n-sô´) _Armenia_ (är-=mē´=ni-_ȧ_) _Attila_ (ăt´ĭ-l_ȧ_)
_Babylon_ (băb´ ĭ-lŏn) _Bahama_ (b_ȧ_-=hā´=m_ȧ_) _Barcelona_ (bär´sē̍-=lō´=n_ȧ_ _or_ bär´thā̍-=lō´=nä) _Bede_ (bēd) _Birmingham_ (=bûr´=mĭng-_ă_m) _Bon Homme Richard_ (bō̍´ =nō̍m´= rē´=shär´=) _Boone_ (boo͞n) _Boulton_ (=bōl´=t_ŭ_n) _Breckinridge_ (=brĕk´=ĭn-rĭj) _Bristol_ (=brĭs´=t_ŏ_l) _Buchanan_ (b_ŭ_-=kăn´=_ă_n _or_ bū̍-=kăn´=_ă_n) _Buena Vista_ (=bwā´=nä =vẽs´=tä) _Burgoyne_ (bûr-=goin´=)
_Cabot, Sebastian_ (sē̍-=băs´=ch_ă_n =kăb´=_ŭ_t) _Cadiz_ (=kā´=dĭz _or_ =kä´=thēth) _Caesar_ (=sē´=z_ȧ_r) _Cahokia_ (k_ȧ_-=hō´=kĭ-_ȧ_) _Cairo_ (=kā´=rō) _Calhoun_ (kăl-=hoo͞n´=) _Canandaigua_ (kăn´_ă_n-=dā´=gw_ȧ_) _Canaries_ (k_ȧ_-=nā´=rĭz) _Cañon_ (=kăn´=y_ŭ_n) _Cape Breton_ (=brĕt´=_ŭ_n) _Carthage_ (=kär´=thā̍j) _Cartier, Jacques_ (zhäk kär´=tyā´=) _Catawba_ (k_ȧ_-=tô´=b_ȧ_) _Cavite_ (kä-=vē´=tā) _Cervera_ (thĕr-=vā´=rä) _Chalons_ (shä´lôN) _Champlain_ (shăm-=plān´=) _Charlemagne_ (=shär´=lē̍-mān) _Charles Martel_ (shȧrl or chärlz mär´=tel´=) _Château-Thierry_ (shä-=tō´=tyĕ´=rē´=) _Chattanooga_ (chăt´_ȧ_-=noo͞´=g_ȧ_) _Cherokee_ (chĕr´ō-=kē´=) _Chesapeake_ (=chĕs´=_ȧ_-pēk) _Chickahominy_ (chĭk´_ȧ_-=hŏm´=ĭ-nĭ) _Chickamauga_ (chĭk´_ȧ_-=mô´=g_ȧ_) _Cicero_ (=sĭs´=ẽr-ō) _Cimon_ (=sī´=mŏn) _Cincinnati_ (sĭn´sĭ-=nȧt´=ĭ) _Colorado_ (kŏl´ō̍-=rä´=dō) _Concord_ (=kŏŋ´=kẽrd) _Connecticut_ (k_ŏ_-=nĕt´=ĭ-k_ŭ_t) _Constantinople_ (kŏn-stăn´tĭ-=nō´=p'l) _Cornwallis_ (kôrn-=wŏl´=ĭs) _Coronado_ (kō´rō̍-=nä´=thō) _Cortés_ (kō̍r-=tās´=) _Crèvecœur_ (krĕv´=kûr´=)
_Danelagh_ (=dān´=lâ) _Darius_ (d_ȧ_-=rī´=_ŭ_s) _Dewey_ (=dū´=ĭ) _Diego_ (dē̍-=ā´=gō) _Dinwiddie_ (dĭn-=wĭd´=ĭ _or_ =dĭn´=wĭd-ĭ) _Duluth_ (doo͝-=loo͞th´=) _Duquesne_ (doo͝-=kān´=) _Duryea_ (=dṳr´=yȧ)
_Edison_ (=ĕd´=ĭ-s_ŭ_n) _El Caney_ (ĕl =kä´=nā) _Ericson_ (=ĕr´=ĭk-sȯn) _Ethelred_ (=eth´=ĕl-rĕd) _Eutaw Springs_ (=ū´=tô-)
_Faneuil_ (=fŭn´='l) _Fannin_ (=făn´=ĭn) _Farragut_ (=făr´=_ȧ_-gŭt) _Foch_ (fōsh) _Frontenac_ (=frŏn´=tē̍-năk _or_ frôN´tẽ-=nȧk´=)
_Gadsden_ (=gădz´=d_ĕ_n) _Gama, da_ (dä =gä´=mä) _Gaul_ (gôl) _Geneva_ (jē̍-=nē´=v_ȧ_) _Genoa_ (=jĕn´=ō̍-_ȧ_) _Genoese_ (jĕn´ō̍-=ēz´= _or_-=ēs´=) _Gettysburg_ (=gĕt´=ĭz-bûrg) _Ghent_ (gĕnt) _Gibault_ (zhē̍´=bō´=) _Goethals_ (=gû´=tălz´) _Goliad_ (gō´lĭ-=ăd´=) _Gooch_ (goo͞ch) _Gracchi_ (=grăk´=ī) _Guam_ (gwäm) _Guilford_ (=gĭl´=fẽrd)
_Haiti_ (=hā´=tĭ) _Hannibal_ (hăn´ĭ-b_ă_l) _Hawaiian Islands_ (hä-=wī´=y_ă_n) _Hennepin_ (=hĕn´=ē̍-pĭn) _Hercules_ (=hër´=kū-lēz) _Herkimer_ (=hûr´=kĭ-mẽr) _Hong-kong_ (=hŏng´=-=kŏng´=) _Horatius_ (hō-=rā´=shĭ-ŭs) _Houston_ (=hūs´=t_ŭ_n) _Huguenot_ (=hū´=gẽ-nŏt)
_Iceland_ (=īs´=l_ă_nd) _Indianapolis_ (ĭn´dĭ-_ă_n-=ăp´=ō̍-lĭs) _Iroquois_ (ĭr´ō̍-=kwoi´=) _Isthmus_ (=ĭs´=m_ŭ_s)
_Jamaica_ (j_ȧ_-=mā´=k_ȧ_) _Joliet_ (zhō̍´=lyā´= _or_ =jō´=lĭ-ĕt) _Jutes_ (joo͞tz)
_Kanawha_ (k_ȧ_-=nô´=w_ȧ_) _Kaskaskia_ (kăs-=kăs´=kĭ-_ȧ_) _Kieft_ (kēft)
_Labrador_ (lăb´r_ȧ_-=dôr´=) _Lachine_ (l_ȧ_-=shēn´=) _Lafayette, de_ (dẽ lä´fā̍-=yĕt´=) _La Salle, de_ (dẽ lȧ =sȧl´=) _Leiden_ (=lī´=d_ĕ_n) _Leif Ericson_ (līf =ĕr´=ĭk-sȯn) _Leonidas_ (lē̍-=ŏn´=ī-d_ȧ_s) _Lisbon_ (=lĭz´=b_ŭ_n) _Los Angeles_ (lōs =ăŋ´=gĕl-ĕs) _Louisburg_ (=loo͞´=ĭs-bûrg) _Luzerne_ (lū̍-=zûrn´=)
_McClellan_ (m_ȧ_-=klĕl´=_ă_n) _McCrea_ (m_ȧ_-=krā´=) _Macdonough_ (m_ȧ_k-=dŏn´=ō) _Macedonia_ (măs´ē̍-=dō´=nĭ-_ȧ_) _McGregor_ (m_ă_k-=grĕg´=ẽr) _Mackinac_ (=măk´=ĭ-nô) _McKinley_ (m_ȧ_-=kĭn´=lĭ) _Magellan_ (m_ȧ_-=jĕl´=_ă_n) _Magna Charta_ (=măg´=nă =kär´=tă) _Manila_ (m_ȧ_-=nĭl´=_ȧ_) _Manitou_ (=măn´=ĭ-too͞) _Marathon_ (=măr´=_ȧ_-thŏn) _Marianas_ (_Ladrones_) (mä´rē̍-=ä´=näs, l_ȧ_-=drōnz´=) _Marne_ (märn) _Marquette_ (=mär´==kĕt´=) _Massachusetts_ (măs´_ȧ_-=choo͞´=sĕts) _Massasoit_ (=măs´=_ȧ_-soit´) _Matagorda_ (măt´_ȧ_-=gôr´=d_ȧ_) _Maumee_ (mô-=mē´=) _Mediterranean_ (mĕd´ĭ-tẽr-=ā´=nē̍-_ă_n) _Memphis_ (=mĕm´=fĭs) _Merrimac_ (=mĕr´=ĭ-măk) _Milan_ (=mĭl´=_ă_n) _Minneapolis_ (mĭn´ē̍-=ăp´=ō̍-lĭs) _Minuit_ (=mĭn´=ū̍-ĭt) _Missouri_ (mĭ-=soo͞´=rĭ) _Mobile_ (mō̍-=bēl´=) _Monmouth_ (=mŏn´=m_ŭ_th) _Monongahela_ (mō̍-nŏŋ´g_ȧ_-=hē´=l_ȧ_) _Montcalm_ (mŏnt-=käm´=) _Monterey_ (mŏn´t_ĕ_-=rā´=) _Montezuma_ (mŏn´tē̍-=zoo͞´=m_ȧ_) _Monticello_ (mŏn´tē̍-=sĕl´=ō) _Montpelier_ (mŏnt-=pē´=lĭ-ẽr) _Moultrie_ (=mōl´=trĭ _or_ =moo͞´=trĭ) _Munich_ (=mū´=nĭk) _Muybridge_ (=moi´=brĭj)
_Nassau_ (=năs´=ô) _Natchez_ (=năch´=ĕz) _Newfoundland_ (=nū´=fŭnd-lănd´) _New Orleans_ (nū =ôr´=lē̍-_ă_nz) _Nez Percé_ (nā pẽr-=sā´=) _Niagara_ (nī-=ăg´=_ȧ_-r_ȧ_) _Ninevah_ (=nĭn´=ē̍-vĕ) _Nolichucky_ (nŏl´ĭ-=chŭk´=ĭ) _Normandy_ (=nôr´=m_ă_n-dĭ)
_Oberlin_ (=ō´=bẽr-lĭn) _Oglethorpe_ (=ō´=g'l-thôrp) _Oneida_ (ō̍-=nī´=d_ȧ_) _Oregon_ (=ŏr´=ē̍-gŏn) _Orinoco_ (ō´rĭ-=nō´=kō) _Oriskany_ (ō̍-=rĭs´=k_ȧ_-nĭ)
_Palos_ (=pä´=lōs) _Panama_ (păn´_ȧ_-=mä´=) _Patagonia_ (păt´_ȧ_-=gō´=nĭ-_ȧ_) _Penobscot_ (pē̍-=nŏb´=skŏt) _Pensacola_ (pĕn´s_ȧ_-=kō´=l_ȧ_) _Pericles_ (pĕr´ĭ-klēz) _Peru_ (pē̍-=roo͞´=) _Philadelphia_ (fĭl´_ȧ_-=dĕl´=fĭ-_ȧ_) _Philippine Islands_ (=fĭl´=ĭ-pĭn-_or_-pēn-) _Phoenician_ (fē̍-nĭsh´_ă_n) _Pinzón_ (pēn-=thōn´=) _Pisa_ (pē´sä) _Pizarro_ (pĭ-=zär´=rō _or_ pē̍-thär´rō) _Platte_ (plăt) _Pocahontas_ (pō´k_ȧ_-=hŏn´=t_ȧ_s) _Porto Rico_ (=pōr´=tō =rē´=kō) _Portugal_ (=pōr´=tū̍͜-g_ă_l) _Portuguese_ (=pō̍r´=tū̍͜-gēz) _Potomac_ (pō̍-=tō´=m_ă_k) _Poughkeepsie_ (pō̍-=kĭp´=sĭ) _Powhatan_ (pou´h_ȧ_-=tăn´=)
_Raleigh_ (=rô´=lĭ) _Rameses_ (=răm´=ē̍-sēz) _Rapidan_ (răp´ĭ-=dăn´=) _Rappahannock_ (răp´_ȧ_-=hăn´=_ŭ_k) _Raritan_ (=răr´=ĭ-t_ă_n) _Remus_ (=rē´=mŭs) _Richelieu_ (rē´shẽ-=loo͞´=) _Rio Grande_ (=rē´=ō =grän´=dā) _Roanoke_ (rō´_ȧ_-=nōk´=) _Rochambeau, de_ (dẽ rō̍´shäN´=bō´=) _Rochelle_ (rō̍-=shĕl´=) _Romulus_ (rŏm´ū-lŭs) _Roosevelt_ (=rō´=zẽ-vĕlt) _Rosecrans_ (=rō´=zē̍-krănz)
_Sacramento_ (săk´r_ȧ_-=mĕn´=tō) _St. Louis_ (sā̍nt =loo͞´=ĭs _or_-=loo͞´=ĭ) _St. Mihiel_ (săN´mē´=yel´=) _Samoset_ (=săm´=ō̍-sĕt _or_ sȧ-=mŏs´=-ĕt) _San Diego_ (săn dē̍-=ā´=gō) _San Francisco_ (săn frăn-=sĭs´=kō) _Sangamon_ (=săŋ´=g_ȧ_-mŏn) _San Jacinto_ (săn j_ȧ_-=sĭn´=tō) _San Joaquin_ (săn wä-=kēn´=) _San Juan_ (săn =hwän´=) _San Salvador_ (sän säl´vȧ-=dōr´=) _Santa Ana_ (=sän´=tä =ä´=nä) _Santa Maria_ (=sän´=t_ȧ_ m_ȧ_-=rē´=_ȧ_) _Santiago_ (sän´tē̍-=ä´=gō) _Savannah_ (s_ȧ_-=văn´=_ȧ_) _Schenectady_ (sk_ĕ_-=nĕk´=t_ȧ_-dĭ) _Schley_ (slī) _Schuyler_ (=skī´=lẽr) _Schuylkill_ (=skoo͞l´=kĭl) _Seattle_ (sē̍-=ăt´='l) _Seminole_ (=sĕm´=ĭ-nōl) _Senlac_ (sĕn´lăk) _Serapis_ (sē̍-=rā´=pĭs) _Sevier_ (sē̍-=vēr´=) _Shafter_ (=shȧf´=tẽr) _Shawnee_ (shô´=nē´=) _Shenandoah_ (shĕn´_ă_n-=dō´=_ȧ_) _Sierra Nevada_ (sĭ-=ĕr´=_ȧ_ nē̍-=vä´=d_ȧ_) _Sioux_ (soo͞) _Sloat_ (slōt) _Socrates_ (=sŏk´=r_ȧ_-tēz) _Solway Firth_ (=sŏl´=wā-) _Spokane_ (spō´=kăn´=) _Spottsylvania_ (spŏt´sĭl-=vā´=nĭ-_ȧ_) _Steuben, von_ (fō̍n =stū´=bĕn) _Stuyvesant_ (=stī´=v_ĕ_-s_ă_nt)
_Tallapoosa_ (tăl´_ȧ_-=poo͞´=s_ȧ_) _Tecumseh_ (tē̍-=kŭm´=sĕ) _Terre Haute_ (=tĕr´=ẽ =hōt´=) _Teutons_ (=tū´=tŏnz) _Thames_ (thāmz) _Thorvald_ (=tôr´=väld) _Ticonderoga_ (tī-kŏn´dẽr-=ō´=g_ȧ_) _Tippecanoe_ (tĭp´ē̍-k_ȧ_-=noo͞´=)
_Ulysses_ (ū̍-=lĭs´=ēz)
_Valparaiso_ (văl´p_ȧ_-=rī´=sō) _Vancouver_ (văn-=koo͞´=vẽr) _Van Rensselaer_ (văn =rĕn´=sẽ-lẽr) _Venezuela_ (vĕn´ē̍-=zwē´=l_ȧ_) _Venice_ (=vĕn´=ĭs) _Vergil_ (vûr´jĭl) _Vespucci, Amerigo_ (ä´mā̍-=rē´=gō vĕs-=poo͞t´=chē) _Vikings_ (=vī´=kingz) _Villa_ (=vē´=yȧ) _Vincennes_ (vĭn-=sĕnz´=)
_Walla Walla_ (=wŏl´=_ȧ_ =wŏl´=_ȧ_) _Watauga_ (w_ȧ_-=tô´=g_ȧ_) _Weehawken_ (wē-=hô´=k_ĕ_n) _Westminster_ (=wĕst´=mĭn-stẽr) _Windsor_ (=wĭn´=zẽr)
_Xerxes_ (zûrk´zēz)
_Zuñi_ (=zoo͞´=nyē̍)
THE INDEX
=Abolitionists=, 308-310, 318.
=Achilles=, 453, 456.
=Adams, John=, 131; sent to First Continental Congress, 172; at Second Continental Congress made Washington general of American troops, 131, 177; appointed to help draw up Declaration of Independence, 232; death, 238.
=Adams, Samuel=, 167-178; portrait of, 167; early turns to politics, 167; leads movement against Stamp Act, 168; forms "Sons of Liberty Society," 168; opposes Tea Tax, 169; writes Circular Letter, 169; drives British out of Boston, 169; and the Boston Tea Party, 129, 170, 171; sends Paul Revere on his ride, 172; goes to the First Continental Congress, 172; forms companies of minutemen, 174; goes to the Second Continental Congress, 177; works for Declaration of Independence, 177; made governor of Massachusetts, 178; death, 178.
=Addams, Jane=, 412-413; becomes interested in social service, 412; portrait of, 412; founds Hull House Social Settlement, 413.
="Agamemnon," The=, 270.
=Agricultural development=, 374-376.
=Agriculture=, 416-421; machinery used for, 418-419.
=Airplane=, 390-393; uses of, 393, 397.
=Alamo=, capture of the, 279-281.
=Albany=, Fort Orange becomes, 90.
=Alexander the Great=, 455, 463, 469.
=Alfred the Great=, 484-488; early life, 484-485; king of Wessex, 485; drives Danes back, 485; begins to build fleet, 485-486; re-makes the laws, 486; advances learning, 486-487; translations by, 487; death, 488.
=Algonquin Indians=, 49-52.
="Alliance," The=, 200-201.
=Alsace-Lorraine=, 442.
=Altamaha River=, colony on, 101-102.
=American Committee for the Relief of Belgium=, 431.
=American Red Cross Society=, 410-412.
=American River=, 289, 372.
=Amerigo Vespucci=, _see_ Vespucci, Amerigo.
=Anderson, Colonel=, 323.
=Anglo-Saxon tribes=, 478-479, 488.
=Annapolis=, founded, 70.
=Anthony, Susan B.=, 403-404; portrait of, 403; early life of, 403; works for cause of woman's rights, 403-404; death, 404.
=Anthracite=, 421-422.
=Antietam=, battle of, 338.
=Anti-saloon crusade=, 408.
=Appomattox Court House=, Lee's surrender at, 336.
=Argonne, battle of=, 441.
=Aristotle=, 454-455, 456.
="Ark," The=, 69.
=Armada=, _see_ Spanish Armada.
=Arthur, President=, 346-347; portrait of, 347.
=Ashland=, Clay's home, 295, 298.
=Athens=, 456, 457-460; assembly of, 458; orators of, 458-459; schools of, 459; training for citizenship in, 459-460; in the "Age of Pericles," 460-461.
=Atlantic cable=, 268-271.
=Augusta=, settled, 102.
=Automobile=, 388-390.
=Babylonians=, 448-449.
=Ball, Mary=, mother of Washington, 115, 116.
=Baltimore=, colony of, 70.
=Baltimore, Lord=, _see_ Calvert, George _and_ Cecil.
=Baltimore and Ohio Railroad=, started, 263.
=Barlow, Captain=, 44.
=Barry, John=, 199-201; early life of, 199; portrait of, 199; captain of the _Lexington_, 199; on the Delaware, 199-200; commands the _Alliance_, 200, 201; first commodore of American navy, 201; death, 201.
=Barton, Clara=, 409-412; early life of, 409-410; portrait of, 410; goes to the battlefield, 410-411; and the American Red Cross, 410-412; goes to Armenia, 411; in the Spanish-American War, 411.
"=Battle Hymn of the Republic=," 405, 406.
=Baxter=, 265.
=Belgium=, invasion of, 426-427; American Committee for the Relief of, 431; and the German Peace Treaty, 442.
=Bell, Alexander Graham=, invents telephone, 268.
=Benton=, Jessie, 285.
=Benton, Thomas H.=, 249, 253, 285.
"=Bill of Rights=," 493.
=Biplane=, 393.
=Birmingham, Alabama=, great coal and iron center, 423.
=Blackbeard the Pirate=, 72.
=Black Hawk War=, 317.
=Blockade of southern ports=, 324.
="Bon Homme Richard," The=, 197, 198.
=Boone, Daniel=, 202-210; early life of, 202-203; crosses mountains, 203; and the Indians, 204-209; blazes famous "Wilderness Road," 205; builds Fort Boonesboro, 206; goes to Kentucky, 206; at siege of Boonesboro, 208-209; portrait of, 209; moves to Missouri, 210; death, 210.
=Boonesboro, Fort=, 206, 207, 208, 217.
=Booth, John Wilkes=, 327.
=Boston=, settled, 82; British soldiers in, 129, 169, 172.
=Boston Port Bill=, 129, 172.
"=Boston Tea Party=," 162-163, 170-172.
=Boulton, Matthew=, inventor, 259.
=Bowie, Colonel=, 279.
=Braddock, General=, 123-124.
=Bradford, William=, 73, 76, 79, 81.
=Brandywine=, battle of the, 137.
=Breckenridge, John=, 322.
=Brewster, William=, 73.
=Bridgewater, Duke of=, 258.
=Britons=, 472, 478.
=Buchanan, President=, 270.
=Buckner, General=, 333.
=Buffalo=, herds of, 24.
=Bunker Hill=, battle of, 132, 176-177.
=Burgesses, House of=, 127, 159, 162, 167, 230, 231.
=Burgoyne, General=, 217; compliments Morgan, 186.
=Burke, Edmund=, 162, 233.
=Bushnell, ----=, work on submarine, 394.
=Cabot, John=, 34-37; born in Genoa, 34; voyages of, 34-36; statue of, 35; seeks India and discovers Labrador, 35; honored by king and people on return to England, 35, 36; on second voyage, 36; England claims large part of North America through discoveries of, 37.
=Caesar, Julius=, 471-473.
=Cahokia=, 220, 223.
=Calhoun, John C.=, 252, 297, 306-311; early life of, 306; portrait of, 307; works hard for success of army in War of 1812, 307; made Secretary of War, 307; twice elected Vice-President, 307; favors nullification, 308; opposes Abolitionists, 308-309; annexes Texas, 310; opposes Compromise of 1850, 310; death, 311.
=California=, conquest of, 288-289; missionaries in, 291-292; sends greatest number of volunteers to Spanish-American War, 356; admitted as a state, 373; an agricultural state, 375.
=Calvert, Cecil=, 69-70; and the Indians, 69; locates village of St. Marys, 69.
=Calvert, George=, 69; prepares to found a colony for Catholics and Protestants, 69; colony named after, 70.
=Camden=, battle of, 182.
=Campbell, Colonel=, 213, 214.
=Canada=, French in, 49-53, 106-114, 121.
=Cannae=, battle of, 468.
=Cape Breton Island=, 35.
=Cape of Good Hope=, rounded by Drake, 39.
=Carpenter's Hall=, 163, 173.
=Carroll, Charles=, 263.
=Carson, Kit=, 285, 286, 288.
=Cartier, Jacques=, takes possession of Montreal for France, 49.
=Carthage=, 467-469.
=Carver, John=, first Pilgrim governor, 73, 75, 78.
=Catholics=, 68, 69.
=Catiline=, 475.
=Cattle raising=, 419-421.
=Cavaliers=, settle in Virginia, 69.
=Cervera, Admiral=, 357.
=Chalons=, battle of, 477.
=Champlain, Lake=, discovered, 50.
=Champlain, Samuel de=, 49-53; portrait of, 49; founds Quebec, 49; and Indians, 49-52; discovers Lake Champlain, 50; death, 53.
=Chancellorsville=, battle of, 338.
=Charlemagne=, 479-482; grandson of Charles Martel, 479-480; appearance, 480; and the School of the Palace, 481; crowned Emperor of Rome, 481; methods of governing, 482; fall of empire, 482.
=Charles I=, friend of Lord Baltimore, 69; gives charter to Puritan colony, 81.
=Charles II=, and William Penn, 94; gives Pennsylvania to Penn, 96.
=Charles Martel=, 479-480.
=Charles the Great=, _see_ Charlemagne.
=Charleston=, 101-102, 104; surrenders to Cornwallis, 182.
=Charleston earthquake=, Red Cross Society relieves suffering caused by the, 411.
=Charleston Harbor=, 323.
=Château-Thierry=, battle of, 439.
=Cherokee Indians=, 104, 211, 277, 278.
=Chickamauga=, 335.
=Christianity=, rise of, 475; becomes widespread, 478-479.
=Cicero=, 475.
=Cimon=, 461.
=Cincinnatus=, 465.
=Circular Letter=, Adams', 168-169, 173.
=Cities=, development of, in West, 376.
=Civil War=, 323-327, 337-341; woman's part in the, 400-401, 404; Clara Barton's part in the, 410.
=Clark, Captain William=, 239-244; and Lewis sent to explore Louisiana Purchase, 239; and Lewis and the Indians, 239-243; portrait of, 240; and Lewis cross Rocky Mountains, 240, 241; with Lewis reaches Columbia River, 241; with Lewis reaches the Pacific, 242; and Lewis return to St. Louis, 242; rewarded by Congress, 242; appointed governor of Missouri Territory, 243.
=Clark, George Rogers=, 216-224, 236; in Virginia, 216; portrait of, 217; becomes a leader in Kentucky, 217; at Harrodsburg, 217; receives aid from Patrick Henry to raise army, 218; at old Vincennes, 218-224; at Louisville, 218; surprises Kaskaskia, 218-219; builds the _Willing_, 220; marches on Vincennes, 220-222; retakes Vincennes, 223; unrewarded, 224; result of his work, 224; death, 224.
"=Clark's Grant=," 224.
=Clay, Henry=, 294-300; "mill boy of the Slashes," 294; studies law, 295; goes to Lexington, 295; sent to United States Senate, 295; speaker of House of Representatives, 296; urges war in 1812, 296; and the Treaty of Ghent, 296; and the Missouri Compromise, 296; and his Compromise Tariff Law, 297; the "Pacificator," 297; portrait of, 297; retires to Ashland, 298; and the Compromise of 1850, 298-299; receives ovation from the people, 299; death, 300.
="Clermont," The=, first successful steamboat, 259-260.
=Clovis=, 479.
=Coal=, 421-422.
=Cold Harbor=, battle of, 336, 349.
=Cold storage of meat=, 421.
=Colorado, Grand Cañon of the=, 24.
="Columbia," The=, 238.
=Columbia River=, discovered by Captain Gray, 238; Lewis and Clark embark on, 242; Fremont on, 286.
=Columbus, Christopher=, 2-16, 18, 31; boyhood of, 2, 3; goes to Lisbon, 4; plans new route to India, 5; unfairly treated by King of Portugal, 5; seeks aid of Spain, 6; begs bread for his son at monastery, 7; portrait of, 8; first voyage of, 9-13; discovers the New World, 11; names the natives Indians, 12; honored on return to Spain, 13, 14, 15; last voyages of, 15, 16; death, 16; effect in England of discoveries of, 34.
=Committees of Correspondence=, 232.
=Compromise of 1850=, 298, 300, 305, 310.
=Compromise Tariff Law=, 297.
=Concord=, battle of, 130, 175.
=Confederate States of America=, formed, 323; capital of, 326; war between Union and, 323-327.
=Congress=, 130, 134, 138, 141, 154, 155, 163, 232, 233; First Continental, 172-174; Second Continental, 177; disputes in, 235; Clay in, 296-300; Webster in, 302; Calhoun in, 306-307.
=Constantine=, Emperor of Rome, 475.
=Constitution of the United States=, 143, 144, 156, 157, 166, 493.
=Cooper, Peter=, 269.
=Corn-fed cattle=, 419-420.
=Corn Island=, 218; Clark dies on, 224.
=Cornwallis, Lord=, 136, 137, 213; Washington outwits, 139-140; surrenders at Yorktown, 140; gains victories, 182, 183; Green turns tide against, 185; pursues Morgan, 188; at Guilford Court House, 189; caught at Yorktown, 180; orders Tarleton to catch Marion, 191.
=Coronado, Francisco=, 24; searches for rich cities, 24; discovers Grand Cañon of the Colorado, 24; finds buffalo, 24; returns home, 24.
=Cortés, Hernando=, 18-22, 23, 28, 37; invades Mexico, 18; sinks his ships, 18; armor of, 19; attacks the Indians, 20; takes Mexican capital, 19, 20; puts Montezuma to death, 21; conquers Mexico, 21; visits Spain, 21; portrait of, 21; shares Columbus' fate, 22.
=Cotton=, 227, 228; fields and factories, 420-421.
=Cotton gin=, invention of, 227-228; present-day machine built along lines of Whitney's, 416.
=Cotton-seed oil=, 417.
=Cowpens=, battle of the, 186, 188.
"=Cradle of Liberty=," 169.
=Creek Indians=, 104, 249.
=Crèvecœur=, Fort, 111.
"=Croatoan=," 46.
=Crockett, David=, 279, 282-283; boyhood of, 282; enlisted under Jackson, 282; elected to Congress, 282; fights for Texas at the Alamo, 282-283; death, 283.
=Cuba=, discovered by Columbus, 13; Spanish persecution in, 354-355; United States at war with Spain in behalf of, 354-358; made a republic, 358.
=Custis, Martha=, 126.
=Cuzco=, where Pizarro found fabulous riches, 23.
=Da Gama, Vasco=, rounds Africa, 28.
=Danes=, 484, 485, 486.
=Dare, Virginia=, first white child of English parents born in America, 45.
=Darius=, 461.
=Daughters of Liberty=, 400.
=Davis, Jefferson=, president of the Confederacy, 326, 336.
=Declaration of Independence=, Franklin appointed to help write, 155, 156; made, 177, 178; Samuel Adams worked hard for, 177; Jefferson author of, 229, 232.
"=Declaration of Sentiments=," 402.
=Democratic party=, 322, 348, 351.
=Democratic-Republican party=, formed by Thomas Jefferson, 235.
=Depth bomb=, 397.
=De Soto, Hernando=, 24-28; makes an expedition to Florida, 24-26; welcomed at Cuba, 24; portrait of, 25; cruel to natives, 25; fights way northward and inland, 25; discovers Mississippi, 26-27; marches far northward and westward, 27; returns to the Mississippi and dies, 27.
="Deutschland," The=, 397.
=Dewey, Admiral George=, 355; portrait of, 355.
=Dictaphone=, 387-388.
=Diego=, son of Columbus, 6, 7.
=Dinwiddie, Governor=, 121.
=Dirigibles=, 391, 394.
"=Dogwood Papers=," 148.
=Dorchester Heights=, 133.
=Douglas, Stephen A.=, debates with Lincoln, 319-322; nominated by northern Democrats, 322.
="Dove," The=, 69.
=Drake, Sir Francis=, 37-42; ruined by Spaniards, 37; portrait of, 38; returns to England with Spanish gold, 38; on voyage around the world, 38-40; captures Spanish treasure ships in Pacific, 39, 41, 43; given title by Queen Elizabeth, 40; takes command of fleet to fight Spain, 40; destroys Spanish towns in Cuba, 41; burns Spanish ships, 41; and the Spanish Armada, 42; takes Raleigh's colony home, 45.
="Drake," The=, 196.
=Duquesne, Fort=, 122; captured, 126.
=Duryea, Charles=, 389.
=Dutch=, explorations of the, 54-59; establish trading posts, 56; Indians and the, 56-57; fur traders, 57-58; settle New Netherland, 58-59; governed by Stuyvesant, 88-90; surrender to the English, 90-91; manners and customs of the, 91-92.
=Dutch traders=, 56-59.
=Dutch West India Company=, 88.
"=Ebenezer=," German colony in Georgia, 102.