Part 14. THE MEDIÆVAL CHURCHES. _Nearly ready.
A PLAN OF ROME, ANCIENT AND MODERN, originally reduced from the large Map of NOLLI, and published by W. HARWOOD in 1865, with a copious Index; to which is added, in colours, the differences of level, shewing the Seven Hills; the lines of the Aqueducts, and their Reservoirs; the natural streams of water; the Line and Station of the Railway; and the new Streets, especially the VIA NAZIONALE. _New Edition._
ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY.
OXFORD.--A HAND-BOOK FOR VISITORS TO OXFORD. Illustrated by One Hundred and Forty-five Woodcuts by Jewitt, and Twenty-six Steel Plates by Le Keux, and a new coloured Plan. _A New Edition._ 8vo., ornamental cloth, 12_s._
---- THE RAILWAY TRAVELLER’S WALK THROUGH OXFORD: with a Chronological Table of the Buildings. _A New Edition, with Fifty-six Illustrations._ 18mo., in ornamental wrapper, 1_s._
---- GUIDE to ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES in the Neighbourhood of Oxford. 8vo., cloth, 12_s._
DOVER.--THE CHURCH AND FORTRESS OF DOVER CASTLE. By the Rev. JOHN PUCKLE, M.A., Vicar of St. Mary’s, Dover. Medium 8vo., cloth, 5_s._
SANDFORD.--AN ACCOUNT of the PARISH OF SANDFORD, in the Deanery of Woodstock, Oxon. By EDWARD MARSHALL, M.A. Crown 8vo., cloth, 3_s._
_By the same Author._
CHURCH ENSTONE.--AN ACCOUNT of the TOWNSHIP OF CHURCH ENSTONE, Oxon. Crown 8vo., cl., 3_s._
IFFLEY.--A HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIP OF IFFLEY, OXFORDSHIRE. A New Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 4_s._
THE CALENDAR OF THE PRAYER-BOOK ILLUSTRATED. (Comprising the first portion of the “Calendar of the Anglican Church,” with an Appendix on Emblems, illustrated, enlarged, and corrected.) With upwards of Two Hundred Engravings, from Mediæval Works of Art. Fcap. 8vo., _Sixth Thousand_, ornamental cloth, 6_s._
INVENTORY of FURNITURE and ORNAMENTS REMAINING IN ALL THE PARISH CHURCHES OF HERTFORDSHIRE in the last year of the Reign of King Edward the Sixth: Transcribed from the Original Records, by J. E. CUSSANS, F.R.HIST.SOC. Cr. 8vo., limp cloth, 4_s._
PARISH CHURCH GOODS IN BERKSHIRE, A.D. 1552. Inventories of Furniture and Ornaments remaining in certain of the Parish Churches of Berks in the last year of the reign of King Edward the Sixth: Transcribed from the Original Records, with Introduction and Explanatory Notes by WALTER MONEY, F.S.A., Member of Council for Berks, Brit. Arch. Assoc., and Hon. Sec. of the Newbury District Field Club. Crown 8vo., limp cloth, 3_s._ 6_d._
DOMESDAY BOOK, or the Great Survey of England of William the Conqueror, A.D. MLXXXVI. Facsimile of the part relating to Oxfordshire. Folio, cloth, price 8_s._
THE TRACT “DE INVENTIONE SANCTÆ CRUCIS NOSTRÆ IN MONTE ACUTO ET DE DUCTIONE EJUSDEM APUD WALTHAM,” now first printed from the Manuscript in the British Museum, with Introduction and Notes by WILLIAM STUBBS, M.A., Regius Professor of Modern History. Royal 8vo., price 5_s._; Demy 8vo., 3_s._ 6_d._
SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF WALTER DE MERTON, Lord High Chancellor of England, and Bishop of Rochester; Founder of Merton College. By EDMUND HOBHOUSE, formerly Bishop of Nelson, New Zealand; and Fellow of Merton College. 8vo., 2_s._
THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND DENMARK COMPARED. By J. J. A. WORSAAE. Translated and applied to the illustration of similar remains in England, by W. J. THOMS, F.S.A., &c. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo., cloth, 5_s._
DESCRIPTIVE NOTICES OF SOME OF THE ANCIENT PAROCHIAL AND COLLEGIATE CHURCHES OF SCOTLAND, with Woodcuts. 8vo., 5_s._
HISTORICAL MEMORIALS OF BEAUCHIEF ABBEY, near Derby. By S. O. ADDY, M.A. 4to., 15_s._
OUR ENGLISH HOME: Its Early History and Progress. With Notes on the Introduction of Domestic Inventions. Third Edition. Crown 8vo., 3_s._ 6_d._
ART APPLIED TO INDUSTRY: A Series of Lectures by WILLIAM BURGES, F.R.I.B.A. Medium 8vo., cloth, price 4_s._
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE AT WINCHESTER, 1845. 8vo., 10_s._ 6_d._
MEMOIRS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE COUNTY AND CITY OF YORK, communicated to the Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, July, 1846. With 134 Illustrations. 8vo., cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._
MEMOIRS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE COUNTY AND CITY OF OXFORD, communicated to the Archæological Institute, June, 1850. 8vo., cloth, with Illustrations, 10_s._ 6_d._
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE AT NORWICH, 1847. 8vo., cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._
FOOTNOTES:
[A] _Abécédaire, ou Rudiment D’Archeologie, par M. de Caumont, fondateur des Congrès Scientifiques de France, etc._ (Caen, 1850, 8vo.)
[B] There is some doubt on this subject; the opinion here stated is that generally received, but recent observations seem to shew that the Saxons were more advanced than the Normans at the time of the Conquest; their work was more highly finished, had more ornament, and they used fine-jointed masonry, while the Normans used wide-jointed, but the Norman buildings were more substantial, and on a larger scale; everywhere the cathedrals were rebuilt after the Conquest.
[C] This is recorded in the _Bulletin Monumental_ of the period, and in the _Abécédaire_ of M. de Caumont.
[D] Sometimes called the _scroll_ molding, but _roll_ is the correct term, from the close resemblance to a roll of parchment with the edge overlapping.
[E] The wooden groined vaults of Chester Cathedral were carefully restored in 1871-72, with excellent effect, and in very good taste.
[F] It should be noticed that fan-tracery vaulting is _peculiarly English_, the principle of it began with the earliest English Gothic style, as in the cloisters of Lincoln Cathedral, each stone of the vaulting being cut to fit its place. In France this is never done, each block of stone is oblong, as in those for the walls, and is only made to curve over in a vault by the mortar between the joints. This had the effect of making vaulting much cheaper to construct, and therefore much more abundant in France than in England, but it is always less scientific and often less beautiful; good French architects, with the late M. Viollet-le-Duc, much admired the English vaulting.
[G] A curious example of Elizabethan work occurs at Sunningwell Church, within a few miles of Oxford, where there is a singular polygonal porch at the west end, being a mixture of Ionic columns and Gothic windows. There is also some good woodwork of the same period. The church was chiefly rebuilt by Bishop Jewel.
[H] By a curious coincidence, the old Congregation-house, on the north side of the chancel of St. Mary’s Church, has been converted into the “Chapel for the Unattached Students.”
[I] The workmen employed were the same as were employed at Eton and Windsor, under the direction of William of Waynfleet, and were called away from Oxford under a royal mandate, but were restored again in consequence of a petition from the University.
[J] The architect employed was Thomas Holt of York, who was likewise employed over several of the other buildings in Oxford at the same period. He died in 1624, and was buried in Holywell Churchyard. The builders were first, J. Acroid, who died in 1613; and afterwards J. Bentley, who built likewise the new buildings of Merton, and M. Bentley, who died in 1618.
[K] From this arose the popular, but erroneous belief that the candidates were compelled to walk an hour in the Pig-market, in order to allow the tradesmen to whom they were indebted to recognise them, and obtain payment of their debts, it being a rule that no candidate against whom an action for debt is pending in the University court, can receive a degree. But though the belief was not correct, it was until a comparatively recent period the custom for tradesmen to attend at those times for the purpose mentioned.
[L] Quarterly, 1 and 4, Argent five martlets saltier-wise sable; on a chief azure, three ducal coronets, Or; a crescent for difference.--_Bodley._ 2 and 3, Argent, two bars wavy, between three billets sable.--_Hore._
[M] The two staircases were added afterwards, but were panelled to match the rest of the work. On the north end this panelling seems to have been subsequently cut away, so that nothing but the small arches remain attached to the under side of the strings. In Williams’s _Oxonia Depicta_ it is shewn completely panelled.
[N] In these accounts, (for an opportunity of examining which I am indebted to the Rev. J. Griffith, Sub-Warden [now, in 1881, the Warden]), the masons who worked the stone for building are called _Free_ masons, or _Freestone Masons_ (which is probably the true meaning of the term), while the rest are merely called “labourers.” The cost of each window, with the name of the workman, is put down separately, the price of a chapel window being 6_l._, while those of the hall were 3_l._ 18_s._ each. It is curious, too, to find that the three statues over the entrance to the hall and chapel were cut by one of the free masons (William Blackshaw) employed on the other parts of the building. For each statue he was paid the sum of 3_l._
The following prices and terms also appear, and are curious and interesting, [but great allowance must be made for the change in the value of money; it is probable that each shilling of the time of James I. was equivalent to at least ten shillings in the time of Queen Victoria]:--
Lodgement, 4_d._ per foot. Window table, 4_d._ per foot. Grass table, 4_d._ per foot. Window lights, _3s._ 4_d._ each. Pillar stone, at 16_d._ per foot. Cornish, 2_d._ per foot. Gorgel table } Gargill } Gurgul } at 4_d._ per foot. Gurgoll } Tun stone, or tun stuff }stones for chimney shafts, Tounel stones, or tunnel stones } &c.
End of Project Gutenberg's A B C of Gothic Architecture, by John Henry Parker